January 24

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January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 341 days remain until the end of the year (342 in leap years).

Events

• 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula), known for his eccentricity and cruel despotism, is assassinated by his disgruntled Praetorian Guards. Claudius succeeds his nephew.
• 1438 - The Council of Basel suspends Pope Eugene IV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa.
• 1679 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament.
• 1742 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1776 - Henry Knox arrives at Cambridge, Massachusetts with the artillery that he has transported from Fort Ticonderoga.
• 1826 - Mississippi College is founded in Clinton, becoming the first college in the state of Mississippi.
• 1848 - California Gold Rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento.
• 1857 - The University of Calcutta is formally founded as the first full-fledged university in south Asia.
• 1859 - Political union of Moldavia and Wallachia; Alexandru Ioan Cuza is elected as ruler.
• 1878 - The revolutionary Vera Zasulich shoots at Fyodor Trepov, the Governor of Saint Petersburg.
• 1887 - Battle of Dogali: Abyssinian troops defeat Italians.
• 1907 - Robert Baden-Powell begins the Boy Scout movement.
• 1916 - In Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad, the Supreme Court of the United States declares the federal income tax constitutional.
• 1918 - The Gregorian calendar introduced in Russia by decree of the Council of People's Commissars effective from February 14(NS)
• 1924 - Petrograd, formerly St. Petersburg, Russia, is renamed Leningrad.
• 1927 - Director Alfred Hitchcock releases his first film, The Pleasure Garden, in England.
• 1935 - The first cans of beer are sold in the US (Krueger's Finest Beer and Krueger's Cream Ale).
• 1936 - Albert Sarraut becomes Prime Minister of France
• 1943 - World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference in Casablanca.
• 1952 - Vincent Massey is sworn in as the first Canadian-born Governor-General of Canada.
• 1966 - An Air India Boeing 707 jet crashes on Mont Blanc, on the border between France and Italy, killing 117.
• 1972 - Japanese Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi is found hiding in a Guam jungle, where he had been since the end of World War II.
• 1977 - Massacre of Atocha in Madrid, during the Spanish transition to democracy.
• 1978 - Soviet satellite Cosmos 954 burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering debris over Canada's Northwest Territories.
• 1984 - The first Apple Macintosh goes on sale.
• 1986 - Voyager 2 passes within 81,500 km (50,680 miles) of Uranus.
• 1986 - Wapping dispute. Newspaper workers in London launch ultimately unsuccessful strike against Rupert Murdoch's News International.
• 1993 - Turkish journalist and writer Uğur Mumcu assassinated by a car bomb in Ankara
• 1996 - Polish Premier Jozef Oleksy resigns amid charges he spied for Moscow.
• 2003 - The United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins operation.
• 2006 - Disney agrees to purchase Pixar in an all-stock deal, making Steve Jobs the largest shareholder in Disney.

Births

• 76 - Hadrian, Roman Emperor (d. 138)
• 1287 - Richard Aungerville, English bishop (d. 1345)
• 1444 - Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1476)
• 1540 - Edmund Campion, English Jesuit (d. 1581)
• 1638 - Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet (d. 1706)
• 1670 - William Congreve, English playwright (d. 1729)
• 1674 - Thomas Tanner, English bishop (d. 1735)
• 1679 - Christian Wolff, German philosopher (d. 1754)
• 1705 - Farinelli, Italian castrato (d. 1782)
• 1712 - King Frederick II of Prussia (d. 1786)
• 1724 - Frances Brooke, English writer (d. 1789)
• 1732 - Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, French playwright (d. 1799)
• 1752 - Muzio Clementi, Italian composer (d. 1832)
• 1754 - Andrew Ellicott, American surveyor (d. 1820)
• 1763 - Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, Russian general (d. 1831)
• 1776 - E.T.A. Hoffmann, German writer (d. 1822)
• 1848 - Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (d. 1916)
• 1862 - Edith Wharton, American writer (d. 1937)
• 1864 - Marguerite Durand, French feminist leader (d. 1936)
• 1872 - Konstantin Bogaevsky, Russian painter (d. 1943)
• 1873 - Leon Czolgosz, American anarchist, assassin of U.S. President William McKinley (d. 1901)
• 1888 - Vicki Baum, Austrian writer (d. 1960)
• 1888 - Ernst Heinkel, German aircraft designer (d. 1958)
• 1891 - Walter Model, German field marshal (d. 1945)
• 1895 - Eugen Roth, German writer (d. 1976)
• 1898 - Cliff Heathcote, American baseball player (d. 1939)
• 1902 - E. A. Speiser, American Bible scholar (d. 1965)
• 1905 - J. Howard Marshall, American billionaire (d. 1995)
• 1907 - Maurice Couve de Murville, French politician (d. 1999)
• 1909 - Martin Lings, English Islamic scholar (d. 2005)
• 1909 - Ann Todd, English actress (d. 1993)
• 1913 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer
• 1915 - Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
• 1916 - Jack Brickhouse, American sports broadcaster (d. 1998)
• 1917 - Ernest Borgnine, American actor
• 1918 - Oral Roberts, American evangelist
• 1919 - Coleman Francis, American film director
• 1922 - Charles Socarides, American psychiatrist (d. 2005)
• 1925 - Maria Tallchief, American ballerina
• 1928 - Desmond Morris, British anthropologist
• 1928 - Michel Serrault, French actor
• 1934 - Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet (d. 1976)
• 1936 - Doug Kershaw, American musician
• 1939 - Ray Stevens, American musician
• 1941 - Neil Diamond, American singer
• 1941 - Aaron Neville, American singer
• 1943 - Subhash Ghai, Indian film director
• 1943 - Sharon Tate, American actress and Manson murder victim (d. 1969)
• 1944 - Klaus Nomi, German singer (d. 1983)
• 1945 - John Garamendi, American politician
• 1946 - Michael Ontkean, Canadian actor
• 1947 - Warren Zevon, American musician (d. 2003)
• 1949 - John Belushi, American actor (d. 1982)
• 1950 - Gerald Brisco, American professional wrestler
• 1950 - Benjamin Urrutia, Ecuadorian writer
• 1950 - Daniel Auteuil, French actor
• 1951 - Yakov Smirnoff, Ukrainian-born American comedian
• 1954 - Jo Gartner, Austrian racing driver (d. 1986)
• 1956 - Hanne Krogh, Norwegian singer (Bobbysocks)
• 1957 - Adrian Edmondson, British comedian
• 1958 - Neil Allen, American baseball player
• 1958 - Jools Holland, British musician
• 1959 - Vic Reeves, English comedian
• 1961 - Nastassja Kinski, German-born actress
• 1961 - Vince Russo, American writer
• 1963 - Martyn Grimley, English field hockey player
• 1963 - Arnold Vanderlyde, Dutch boxer
• 1965 - Mike Awesome, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1966 - Jimeoin, Northern Irish comedian
• 1967 - John Myung, American musician (Dream Theater)
• 1967 - Phil LaMarr, American voice actor
• 1968 - Michael Kiske, German musician
• 1968 - Mary Lou Retton, American gymnast
• 1969 - Hilmir Snær Guðnason, Icelandic actor
• 1970 - Matthew Lillard, American actor
• 1971 - Cory Bailey, American baseball player
• 1974 - Shii Ann Huang, American game show contestant
• 1975 - Rónald Gómez, Costa Rican footballer
• 1976 - Shae-Lynn Bourne, Canadian ice dancer with Victor Kraatz
• 1979 - Tatyana Ali, American actress
• 1980 - Nicole Marie Lenz, American actress
• 1981 - Travis Hanson, American baseball player
• 1983 - Scott Speed, American race car driver
• 1984 - Scott Kazmir, American baseball player
• 1986 - Mischa Barton, English-born American actress
• 1986 - Raviv Ullman, Israeli-born American actor
• 1989 - Calvin Goldspink, English singer

Deaths

• 41 - Caligula, Emperor of Rome (b. 12)
• 772 - Pope Stephen III (b. 720)
• 1002 - Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 980)
• 1125 - David IV of Georgia (b. 1073)
• 1366 - Alfonso IV of Aragon (b. 1299)
• 1376 - Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, English military leader
• 1473 - Conrad Paumann, German composer
• 1595 - Ferdinand II of Austria (b. 1529)
• 1626 - Samuel Argall, English adventurer and naval officer (b. 1580)
• 1639 - Georg Jenatsch, Swiss politician (b. 1596)
• 1666 - Johann Andreas Herbst, German composer (b. 1588)
• 1709 - George Rooke, English admiral (b. 1650)
• 1769 - François de Chevert, French general (b. 1695)
• 1856 - Rabbi Yechezkel of Kuzmir, Polish Hasidic leader (b. 1775)
• 1877 - Johann Christian Poggendorff, German physicist (b. 1796)
• 1882 - Levi Boone, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1808)
• 1883 - Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (b. 1812)
• 1895 - Lord Randolph Churchill, British politician (b. 1849)
• 1911 - David Graham Phillips, American journalist and novelist (b. 1867)
• 1920 - Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1884)
• 1924 - Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1894)
• 1932 - Alfred Yarrow, English shipbuilder (b. 1842)
• 1939 - Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician and nutritionist (b. 1867)
• 1943 - John Burns, English politician (b. 1858)
• 1948 - Maria Mandel, Camp Leader at Auschwitz (b. 1912)
• 1948 - Arthur Liebehenschel, Commandant at Auschwitz concentration camp (b. 1901)
• 1955 - Ira Hayes, American World War II hero (b. 1923)
• 1960 - Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist and conductor (b. 1886)
• 1961 - Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American swimmer and inventor (b. 1884)
• 1962 - Stanley Lord, captain of the SS Californian the night of the Titanic disaster (b. 1877)
• 1965 - Winston Churchill, soldier, politician, historian, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Nobel laureate (b. 1874)
• 1966 - Homi J. Bhabha, Indian physicist (b. 1909)
• 1970 - Caresse Crosby, American poet (b. 1891)
• 1971 - Bill W., American co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (b. 1895)
• 1973 - J. Carrol Naish, American actor (b. 1897)
• 1975 - Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (b. 1902)
• 1978 - Herta Oberheuser, German doctor (b. 1911)
• 1982 - Alfredo Ovando Candía, Bolivian president and dictator (b. 1918)
• 1983 - George Cukor, American film director (b. 1899)
• 1986 - L. Ron Hubbard, American writer and founder of Scientology (b. 1911)
• 1986 - Flo Hyman, American volleyball player (b. 1954)
• 1986 - Gordon MacRae, American actor and singer (b. 1921)
• 1988 - Werner Fenchel, German mathematician (b. 1905)
• 1989 - Ted Bundy, American serial killer (b. 1946)
• 1989 - George Knudson, Canadian golfer (b. 1937)
• 1990 - Madge Bellamy, American actress (b. 1899)
• 1991 - John M. Kelly, Irish politician and academic (b. 1931)
• 1992 - Ricky Ray Rector, American murderer (b. 1950)
• 1993 - Thurgood Marshall, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1908)
• 1998 - Walter D. Edmonds, American author (b. 1903)
• 2000 - Bobby Duncum, Jr., American professional wrestler (b. 1965)
• 2001 - Les Brown, American band leader (b. 1912)
• 2002 - Peter Gzowski, Canadian broadcaster, writer and reporter (b. 1934)
• 2003 - Gianni Agnelli, Italian auto executive (b. 1921)
• 2004 - Leônidas da Silva, Brazilian footballer (b. 1913)
• 2005 - June Bronhill, Australian singer (b. 1929)
• 2005 - Vladimir Savchenko, Ukrainian writer (b. 1933)
• 2005 - Chalkie White, English rugby union coach (b. 1929)
• 2006 - Fayard Nicholas, American tap dancer, one-half of The Nicholas Brothers (b. 1914)
• 2006 - Schafik Handal, Salvadorean politician
• 2006 - Chris Penn, American actor (b. 1965)
• 2006 - Marija Skalovska, Macedonian opera singer (b. 1929)
• 2007 - Krystyna Feldman, Polish actress (b. 1920)
• 2007 - Guadalupe Larriva, Ecuadorian politician (b. 1956)

Holidays and observances

• Roman Empire - first day of the Sementivae in honor of Ceres and Terra
• Roman Catholic Church - Feasts of St. Francis de Sales and Our Lady of Peace
• January 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Wales - Saint Cadoc

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• NY Times: On this day
• On this day in Canada

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