List of British fascist parties: Difference between revisions
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*The [[National Socialist Action Party]], a minor splinter group from the BM formed in 1982. |
*The [[National Socialist Action Party]], a minor splinter group from the BM formed in 1982. |
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*The [[British People's Party (2005)]], a minor white nationalist and fascist party. Its platformed called for the explusion of non-whites and Jews, making [[homosexuality]] illegal again and [[Holocaust denial]].<ref>[http://www.bpp.org.uk/objectives.html White Nationalism versus Opportunist-Populism]</ref> |
*The [[British People's Party (2005)]], a minor white nationalist and fascist party. Its platformed called for the explusion of non-whites and Jews, making [[homosexuality]] illegal again and [[Holocaust denial]].<ref>[http://www.bpp.org.uk/objectives.html White Nationalism versus Opportunist-Populism]</ref> |
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*The [[Britain First]], party founded in 2011. Know for extreme [[Islamophobia|Anti-Islam]] views |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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*R. Benewick, ''Political Violence and Public Order'', London: Allan Lane, 1969 |
*R. Benewick, ''Political Violence and Public Order'', London: Allan Lane, 1969 |
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Revision as of 23:38, 27 February 2015
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Although Fascism in the United Kingdom never reached the heights of many of its European counterparts, British politics after the First World War saw the emergence of a number of fascist movements, none of which ever came to power.
Pre-War
A number of fascist movements emerged before the Second World War. Amongst those that were founded were:
- The British Fascists, founded in 1923 as the British Fascisti by Rotha Lintorn-Orman, one of the very few women to ever lead an avowedly fascist movement. Initially they had only a limited political platform but supported Italian fascism from 1931 to their demise in 1936.
- The National Fascisti, a splinter group of the BF founded in 1924 that from the outset fully supported the tactics of Benito Mussolini. They fell apart after another group, the British National Fascisti, broke away from them.
- The Imperial Fascist League, also a breakaway from the BF, formed by Arnold Leese in 1929. After Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany they embraced Nazism.
- The British Union of Fascists, formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley as a successor to his New Party. The largest British fascist party, it absorbed members from other groups and called on the support of leading figures including members of the House of Lords, Commons, many Knights of the realm, as well as, for a time, the Daily Mail newspaper.[1][2]
- The National Socialist League, a pro-Nazi breakaway from the BUF, formed in 1937 by William Joyce and John Beckett. It was wound up in 1939 when Joyce emigrated to Nazi Germany.
- The British People's Party (1939), a breakaway group from the BUf that was founded by John Beckett. It was fascist and anti-Semitic.[3]
Post-War
After the Second World War a handful of groups emerged which looked directly to fascism and Nazism for their inspiration. Those who have openly done so (in contrast with parties which merely describe themselves as aligned with nationalism) are:
- The Union Movement, a re-founded version of the BUF that played a pivotal role in developing the Europeanist outlook of Neo-Fascism through its Europe a Nation campaign.
- The National Labour Party (UK, 1957), a small Neo-Nazi party that had a platform of white nationalism, opposition to non-white immigration and Antisemitism.[4]
- The White Defence League, a Neo-Nazi party with open admiration for Adolf Hitler.[5]
- The British National Party (1960-1967), which until a split in 1962 produced pro-Nazi propaganda. (This is a different party from the current BNP, although John Tyndall was a leading member of both)
- The National Socialist Movement, a Colin Jordan-led breakaway from the BNP that was openly Nazi and was a charter member of the World Union of National Socialists.
- The Greater Britain Movement, set up by John Tyndall when he split from the NSM.
- The National Front (UK), a far-right party for whites only party is for whites only[6] which supports Neo-Nazism and fascism.[7][8]
- The British Movement, a 1968 development form the NSM, which used images of Hitler and the swastika on election literature.
- The National Party (UK, 1976), a small neo-fascist breakaway group from the National Front.[9]
- The White Nationalist Party, a Neo-Nazi party described as the "British political wing of Aryan Unity".[10][11]
- The November 9th Society, a neo-Nazi organization founded by Terry Flynn in 1977. It also organizes under the name British First Party.
- The British National Party, a fascist party[12][13][14]
- The National Socialist Action Party, a minor splinter group from the BM formed in 1982.
- The British People's Party (2005), a minor white nationalist and fascist party. Its platformed called for the explusion of non-whites and Jews, making homosexuality illegal again and Holocaust denial.[15]
Bibliography
- R. Benewick, Political Violence and Public Order, London: Allan Lane, 1969
- M. Cronin (ed.), The Failure of British Fascism, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996
- R. Eatwell, Fascism : A History, London: Pimlico, 2003
- R. Thurlow, Fascism in Britain, London: IB Tauris, 1998
- M. Sarkisyanz, From Imperialism to Fascism: Why Hitler's India Was to be Russia, New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2003
References
- ^ Martin Pugh, 'Hurrah for the Blackshirts!' Fascists and Fascism in Britain between the Wars (London 2005)
- ^ RJB Bosworth, "The British Press, the Conservatives, and Mussolini, 1920-34", Journal of Contemporary History, 1970
- ^ R. Benewick, Political Violence and Public Order, London: Allan Lane, 1969, p. 287
- ^ Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000, p. 189
- ^ Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, Encyclopedia of British and Irish political organizations: parties, groups and movements of the 20th century, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000, p. 194
- ^ "Scottish election: National Front profile". BBC. 13 April 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ Richard Thurlow. Fascism in Britain: From Oswald Mosley's Blackshirts to the National Front.
- ^ Bowyer, Benjamin (December 2008). "Local context and extreme right support in England: The British National Party in the 2002 and 2003 local elections". Electoral Studies. 27 (4).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Boothroyd, David Politico's Guide to The History of British Political Parties Politico's Publishing Ltd 2001, p200
- ^ Sykes, Alan The Radical Right in Britain Palgrave (2005), p 147
- ^ Aryan Unity website
- ^ Copsey, Nigel (2007). "Changing course or changing clothes? Reflections on the ideological evolution of the British National Party 1999–2006". Patterns of Prejudice. 41 (1): 61–82. doi:10.1080/00313220601118777.
- ^ Copsey 2004
- ^ Wood, C; Finlay, W. M. L. (December 2008). "British National Party representations of Muslims in the month after the London bombings: Homogeneity, threat, and the conspiracy tradition". British Journal of Social Psychology. 47 (4): 707–26. doi:10.1348/014466607X264103. PMID 18070375.
- ^ White Nationalism versus Opportunist-Populism