Dulles International Airport

Coordinates: 38°56′40″N 077°27′21″W / 38.94444°N 77.45583°W / 38.94444; -77.45583
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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Locksmith1865 (talk | contribs) at 15:47, 28 November 2018 (→‎Accidents and incidents: removed unnecessary spacing). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This article is about the airport. For the future Washington Metro station that will serve the airport beginning in 2020, see Dulles International Airport station.
Not to be confused with Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.

Washington Dulles
International Airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorMetropolitan Washington Airports Authority
ServesWashington metropolitan area
LocationDulles, Virginia, U.S.
OpenedNovember 17, 1962 (1962-11-17)
Hub forUnited Airlines
Elevation AMSL313 ft / 95 m
Coordinates38°56′40″N 077°27′21″W / 38.94444°N 77.45583°W / 38.94444; -77.45583
Websiteflydulles.com
Maps
FAA airport Diagram
FAA airport Diagram
IAD is located in Northern Virginia
IAD
IAD
Location of airport in Virginia / United States
IAD is located in Virginia
IAD
IAD
IAD (Virginia)
IAD is located in the United States
IAD
IAD
IAD (the United States)
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
1L/19R 9,400 2,865 Concrete
1C/19C 11,500 3,505 Concrete
1R/19L 11,500 3,505 Concrete
12/30 10,501 3,201 Concrete
12R/30L 10,500 3,200 Planned
Statistics (2017)
Aircraft operations264,575
Total passengers22,892,504 Increase 4.2%
Source: Federal Aviation Administration,[1] Passenger traffic[2]

Washington Dulles International Airport (/ˈdʌlɪs/ DUL-iss) (IATA: IAD, ICAO: KIAD, FAA LID: IAD) is an international airport in the eastern United States, located in Loudoun and Fairfax counties in Virginia, 26 miles (42 km) west of downtown Washington, D.C.[3]

Opened in 1962, it is named after John Foster Dulles (1888–1959),[4][5] the 52nd Secretary of State who served under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The Dulles main terminal is a well-known landmark designed by Eero Saarinen. Operated by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, Dulles Airport occupies 13,000 acres (20.3 sq mi; 52.6 km2)[1] straddling the Loudoun-Fairfax line.[6] Most of the airport is in the unincorporated community of Dulles in Loudoun County, with a small portion in the unincorporated community of Chantilly in Fairfax County. The airport serves the Washington metropolitan area.

Dulles is one of the three major airports in the larger Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area with more than 21 million passengers a year.[7][8] Dulles has the most international passenger traffic of any airport in the Mid-Atlantic outside the New York metropolitan area, including approximately 90% of the international passenger traffic in the Baltimore-Washington region.[9] On a typical day, more than 60,000 passengers pass through Dulles to and from more than 125 destinations around the world.[7][10] However, Dulles Airport now ranks behind both Baltimore–Washington International Airport (BWI) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) in total annual passenger boardings.[11]

History

Origins

Prior to World War II, Hoover Field was the main commercial airport serving Washington, on the site now occupied by The Pentagon and its parking lots. It was replaced by Washington National Airport in 1941, a short distance southeast. After the war, in 1948, the Civil Aeronautics Administration began to consider sites for a second major airport to serve the nation's capital.[12] Congress passed the Washington Airport Act in 1950 to provide funding for a new airport in the region.[13] The initial CAA proposal in 1951 called for the airport to be built in Fairfax County near what is now Burke Lake Park, but protests from residents, as well as the rapid expansion of Washington's suburbs during the time, led to reconsideration of this plan.[14] One competing plan called for the airport to be built in the Pender area of Fairfax County, while another called for the conversion of Andrews Air Force Base in Prince George's County, Maryland.[12]

The current site was selected by President Eisenhower in 1958;[14] the Dulles name was chosen by Eisenhower's aviation advisor Pete Quesada, who later served as the first head of the Federal Aviation Administration. As a result of the site selection, the unincorporated, largely African-American community of Willard, which once stood in the airport's current footprint, was demolished, and 87 property owners had their holdings condemned.[12]

Dulles was also built over a lesser known airport named Blue Ridge Airport, chartered in 1938 by the U.S.. The airport was Loudoun County's first official airport consisting of two grass intersecting runways in the shape of an "X". The location of the former Blue Ridge Airport sits where the Dulles Air Freight complex and Washington Dulles Airport Marriott now sit today.[15][better source needed]

Design and original construction

Dulles Airport in 1970

The civil engineering firm Ammann and Whitney was named lead contractor. The airport was dedicated by President John F. Kennedy and Eisenhower on November 17, 1962.[4][5] As originally opened, the airport had three runways (current day runways 1C/19C, 1R/19L, and 12/30). Its original name, Dulles International Airport, was changed in 1984 to Washington Dulles International Airport.[16]

The main terminal was designed in 1958 by famed Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, and it is highly regarded for its graceful beauty, suggestive of flight. In the 1990s, the main terminal at Dulles was reconfigured to allow more space between the front of the building and the ticket counters. Additions at both ends of the main terminal more than doubled the structure's length. The original terminal at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Taoyuan, Taiwan was modeled after the Saarinen terminal at Dulles.

The design included a landscaped man-made lake to collect rainwater, a low-rise hotel, and a row of office buildings along the north side of the main parking lot. The design also included a two-level road in front of the terminal to separate arrival and departure traffic and a federally owned limited access highway connecting the terminal to the Capital Beltway (I-495) about 17 miles (27 km) to the east. (Eventually, the highway system grew to include a parallel toll road to handle commuter traffic and an extension to connect to I-66). The access road had a wide median strip to allow the construction of a passenger rail line, which will be in the form of an extension of the Washington Metro's Silver Line and is expected to be completed in 2020.

Notable operations and milestones

First Lady Pat Nixon ushered in the era of jumbo jets by christening the first Boeing 747 at Dulles, January 15, 1970
Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
  • In 1990 a United States Senate joint resolution to change Dulles's name to Washington Eisenhower was proposed by Senator Bob Dole, but it didn't pass.[24]
  • When the SR-71 was retired by the military in 1990, one was flown from its birthplace at United States Air Force Plant 42 in Palmdale, California to Dulles, setting a coast-to-coast speed record at an average 2,124 mph (3,418 km/h). The trip took 64 minutes. The aircraft was placed in a storage building to await display.[25]
  • The first flight of the Boeing 777-200 in commercial service, a United Airlines flight from London Heathrow, landed at Dulles in 1995.[26]
  • The 2004 launch of low-cost carrier Independence Air propelled IAD from being the 24th-busiest airport in the United States to fourth, and one of the top 30 busiest in the world. Independence Air ceased operations in January 2006, and its space in Concourse A was taken five months later by United Express.[27]
  • Southwest Airlines began service at Dulles in Fall 2006.
  • In 2007, 24.7 million passengers passed through the airport.[28]
  • On November 20, 2008, a third parallel north–south runway was opened on the west side of the airfield, designated as 1L/19R. The original 1L/19R was redesignated 1C/19C. It was the first new runway to be built at Dulles since the airport's construction.
  • On June 6, 2011, the airport received its first Airbus A380 flights when Air France introduced the A380 to its nonstop service from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport to Dulles.[6]
Space Shuttle Discovery landing

Planned development

Main Terminal Station of Aerotrain

By the 1980s the original design, featuring mobile lounges to meet each plane, was no longer well-suited to Dulles' role as a hub airport. Instead, midfield concourses were added to allow passengers to walk between connecting flights without visiting the main terminal. Mobile lounges were still used for international flights and to transport passengers between the midfield concourses and the main terminal. An underground tunnel (consisting of a passenger walkway and moving sidewalks) which links the main terminal and Concourse B was opened in 2004.[33] The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) began a renovation program for the airport including a new security mezzanine with more room for lines.[34]

A new train system, dubbed AeroTrain and developed by Mitsubishi, began in 2010 to transport passengers between the concourses and the main terminal.[35] The system, which uses rubber tires and travels along a fixed underground guideway,[35] is similar to the people mover systems at Singapore Changi Airport,[35] Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, and Denver International Airport. The train is intended to replace the mobile lounges, which many passengers found crowded and inconvenient. The initial phase includes the main terminal station, a permanent Concourse A station, a permanent Concourse B station, a permanent midfield concourse station (with access to the current temporary C concourse via a tunnel with moving walkways), and a maintenance facility.[35] Mobile lounges continue to service the D Concourse from both the main terminal and Concourse A. Even after AeroTrain is built out and the replacement Concourses C and D are built, the mobile lounges and plane mates will still continue to be used, to transport international arriving passengers to the International Arrivals Building, as well as transport passengers to aircraft parked on hardstands without direct access to jet bridges. Dulles has stated that the wait time for a train does not exceed four minutes, compared to the average 15-minute wait and travel time for mobile lounges.

Under the development plan, future phases would see the addition of several new midfield concourses and a new south terminal.[36] A fourth runway (parallel to the existing runways 1 and 19 L&R) opened in 2008,[37] and development plans include a fifth runway to parallel the existing runway 12–30.[38] If this runway is built, the current runway will be redesignated as 12L-30R while the new runway will be designated 12R-30L. An expansion of the B concourse, used by many low-cost airlines as well as international arrivals, has been completed, and the building housing Concourses C and D will eventually be knocked down to make room for a more ergonomic building. Because Concourses C and D are temporary concourses, the only way to get to those concourses is via moving walkway from the Concourse C station which is built in the location of the future gates and Concourse D by mobile lounge from the main terminal.[39]

Meaning of IAD

Dulles was once assigned the airport code DIA, with each letter corresponding to the initials of Dulles International Airport. However, when handwritten, it was often misread as DCA, the code for nearby Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. It was later revised to IAD to avoid confusion.[40]

Terminals

A plane mate

The airport's terminal complex consists of a main terminal and two midfield terminal buildings: Concourses A/B and C/D. The entire terminal complex has 123 gates and 16 hardstand locations[41] from which passengers can board or disembark using the airport's plane mate vehicles.[6]

Inter-terminal transportation

Conceived in early planning sessions in 1959, Dulles is one of the few remaining airports to use the mobile lounge (also known as "plane mates" or "people movers") for boarding and disembarkation from aircraft, and to transfer passengers between the midfield concourses and to and from the main terminal building. They have all been given names based on the postal abbreviations of 50 states, e.g., VA, MD, AK.[42]

The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority has begun to gradually phase out the mobile lounge system for inter-terminal passenger movements in favor of the AeroTrain, an underground people mover which currently operates to Concourses A, B and C, as well as underground pedestrian walkway tunnels (now in service to concourse A/B). The mobile lounges are still used to transport passengers directly from the main terminal to Concourse D. Plane mates also remain in use to disembark international passengers and carry them to the International Arrivals Building, as well as to convey passengers to and from aircraft on hard stand (i.e., those parked remotely on the apron without access to jet bridges).[43][44]

Main terminal

The terminal ceiling is suspended in a catenary curve above the luggage check-in area.

Dulles's iconic main terminal houses ticketing, baggage claim, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, an international arrivals building for passenger processing, the Z gates, information facilities and other support facilities. The terminal was recognized by the American Institute of Architects in 1966 for its design concept; its roof is a suspended catenary providing a wide enclosed area unimpeded by any columns.

The main terminal was extended in 1996 to 1,240 feet (380 m)—Saarinen's original design length—which was slightly more than double its originally constructed length of 600 feet (180 m).[41] In addition, an extension for international arrivals was added to the west of the main terminal in 1991. On September 22, 2009, an expansion of the international arrivals building opened which includes a 41,400 square feet (3,850 m2) arrival hall for customs and immigration processing. The new facility has the capacity to process 2,400 arriving passengers per hour.[45]

Also in September 2009, a 121,700 square feet (11,310 m2) central security checkpoint was added on a new security mezzanine level of the main terminal. This checkpoint replaced previous checkpoints which were located behind the ticketing areas,[46] however, travellers enrolled in TSA PreCheck and CLEAR still use this area to clear security[47]. A separate security checkpoint is available on the baggage claim level. Both security checkpoints connect to the AeroTrain, which links the main terminal with the A, B, and C concourses.

There are two sets of gates in the main terminal: the first is the "H" Gates, which are waiting areas for airlines which lack permanent physical jetbridges and therefore use plane mates to reach planes parked at 16 hard-stand locations. The other is a set of four gates with jetbridges that are designated as Concourse Z, which provides service for Air Canada Express and Frontier Airlines.

Main Terminal AeroTrain station

Midfield terminals

All airlines aside from Air Canada Express and Frontier Airlines operate out of two linear satellite terminals. One contains Concourses A and B, and the second contains Concourses C and D.

Concourses A and B

All non-United flights operate out of these two concourses as well as some United Express flights. Concourse A (which has 47 gates) composes the eastern part of the closest midfield terminal building. It consists of a permanent ground level set of gates designed for small planes and regional jets used by United Express, and several former Concourse B gates.[48] The concourse is primarily used for international flights. Air France operates an airline lounge opposite gate A22, Etihad Airways operates a First and Business Class lounge across from gate A15, and Virgin Atlantic has a Clubhouse lounge across from gate A32. Concourse A's AeroTrain station is located about halfway through the concourse, between gates A6 and A14.

Concourse A & B during the night

Concourse B (which has 28 gates) composes the western half of the building. It is the first of the permanent elevated midfield concourses. Originally constructed in 1998 and designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum, the B concourse contained 20 gates. In 2003, 4 additional gates were added to concourse B, followed by a 15-gate expansion in 2008.[49] In addition to the AeroTrain station located between gates B51 and B62, Concourse B also has an underground walkway to connect it to the main terminal. Concourse B is used by some international carriers, and is also utilized by all non-United domestic and Canada flights. The facility also includes a British Airways Galleries lounge, a Lufthansa lounge divided into Senator and Business class sections located between gates B49 and B51, and a Turkish Airlines Lounge near gate B43.[50]

Concourses C and D

The interior of Concourse C and D, where United Airlines's hub operation is based

Concourses C/D are solely used for United Airlines flights. All mainline United flights and most United Express regional jet operations operate out of these concourses (some United Express flights use Concourse A).

These concourses were constructed in 1983 and designed by Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum. The two concourses have 22 gates each, numbered C1-C28 and D1-D32, with odd-numbered gates on the north side of the building and even numbered gates on the south side. Concourse C composes the eastern half of the terminal and Concourse D composes the gates on the west half of the terminal.[51][52] The C/D concourses were given a face lift in 2006 which included light fixture upgrades, new paint finishes, new ceiling grids and tiles, heating and air conditioning replacement, and complete restroom renovations.[52]

Concourse C also has a dedicated Federal Inspection Station located at ground level. International United flights not originating at an airport with US customs preclearance can directly deplane passengers via jetbridge at Concourse C (as opposed to using plane mates to offload passengers). Once deplaned, arriving passengers are separated. Passengers terminating at Dulles take a mobile lounge that transports them to the International Arrivals Building, while connecting passengers continuing on another United flight go through U.S. Customs and Immigration at the FIS station on the ground level. Since this immigration facility is only for connecting passengers on United and other Star Alliance carriers, it has shorter lines and passengers don't have to reclear security at the massive security checkpoints in the main terminal.

The facility houses three United Clubs: one adjacent to Gate C7, one adjacent to gate C17, and one adjacent to gate D8. A United International First Lounge is near gate C2. Concourse C is directly linked to the main terminal via the AeroTrain, while mobile lounges can be used to travel from Concourse D to the main terminal.

A new and permanent C/D concourse (also called "Tier 2") is planned as part of the D2 Dulles Development Project. The new building is to include a three-level structure with 44 airline gates and similar amenities to Concourse B.[52] The concourse plan includes a dedicated mezzanine corridor with moving sidewalks to serve international passengers. The design and construction of the new C/D concourse has not been scheduled.[52] When built, it is planned that both terminals will be connected to the main terminal and other concourses via the AeroTrain. To that extent, the AeroTrain station at Concourse C was built at the location where the future Concourse C/D structure is proposed to be built, and is connected to the existing Concourse C via an underground walkway.

Airline lounges

Air France as of 2018 operates summer Airbus A380 flights to Charles de Gaulle Airport from gate A20/A22, as seen in the photo. Along with United Airlines, the route carries 480,000 passengers a year.

Since many major domestic and international airlines have a large presence at Washington Dulles, there are several airline lounges within the airport:

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Aer Lingus Dublin [58]
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo [59]
Aeroméxico Mexico City (ends December 2, 2018)[60] [61]
Air Canada Express Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson [62]
Air China Beijing–Capital [63]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle [64]
Air India Delhi [65]
Alaska Airlines Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma [66]
Alitalia Rome–Fiumicino (begins May 2, 2019)[67] [68]
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Narita [69]
American Airlines Charlotte, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami (ends December 19, 2018)[70] [71]
American Eagle Charlotte [71]
Austrian Airlines Vienna [72]
Aviancaa Bogotá, La Paz [73]
Avianca El Salvador San Salvador [73]
British Airways London–Heathrow [74]
Brussels Airlines Seasonal: Brussels [75]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong[76] [77]
Copa Airlines Panama City [78]
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma[79]
Seasonal: Cancún 		[80]
Delta Connection Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK [80]
Emirates Dubai–International [81]
Ethiopian Airlinesb Addis Ababa [82]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi [83]
Frontier Airlines Austin, Denver, Las Vegas, Orlando, San Antonio, Tulsa
Seasonal: Colorado Springs 		[84]
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík [85]
JetBlue Airways Boston, New York–JFK (both ending January 7, 2019)[86] [87]
KLM Amsterdam [88]
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon [89]
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich [90]
Porter Airlines Toronto–Billy Bishop [91]
Qatar Airways Doha [92]
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca [93]
Saudia Jeddah, Riyadh
Hajj: Medina 		[94]
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen [95]
South African Airways Accra, Dakar–Diass, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo [96]
Southwest Airlines Atlanta, Denver, Fort Lauderdale (ends April 7, 2019)[97], Orlando [98]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul–Atatürk (end December 31, 2018), Istanbul–Havalimanı (begins January 1, 2019) [99]
United Airlines Amsterdam, Atlanta, Austin, Beijing–Capital, Boston, Brussels, Cancún, Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Frankfurt, Geneva, Hartford, Honolulu, Houston–Intercontinental, Las Vegas, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Munich, Newark, New Orleans, Orlando, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Philadelphia (ends January 7, 2019), Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (ME), Portland (OR), Raleigh/Durham, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seattle/Tacoma, Tampa, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion (begins May 22, 2019),[100] Tokyo–Narita, Zürich
Seasonal: Aruba, Barcelona, Charleston (SC), Cincinnati, Dublin, Eagle/Vail, Edinburgh,[101] Grand Cayman, Guatemala City, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Indianapolis, Jacksonville, Lisbon, Madrid, Miami (resumes December 19, 2018),[102] Montego Bay, Nashville, Norfolk, Pittsburgh, Providenciales, Punta Cana, Rome–Fiumicino, St. Maarten, St. Thomas, San Antonio, San José de Costa Rica, San José del Cabo, Vancouver 		[103]
United Express Albany, Asheville (begins February 14, 2019), Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Buffalo, Burlington (VT), Charleston (SC), Charleston (WV) (ends January 6, 2019), Charlotte, Charlottesville (VA), Clarksburg (WV), Chattanooga,[104] Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbia (SC), Columbus–Glenn, Dallas/Fort Worth, Dayton, Detroit, Elmira (begins March 31, 2019), Fayetteville (NC), Grand Rapids, Greensboro, Greenville/Spartanburg, Harrisburg, Hartford, Houston–Intercontinental, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Ithaca,[104] Jacksonville, Kansas City, Knoxville, Lexington (KY) (begins February 14, 2019), Lewisburg (WV), Louisville, Manchester (NH) (begins March 31, 2019), Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montréal–Trudeau, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, Ottawa, Philadelphia (ends January 7, 2019), Pittsburgh, Plattsburgh, Portland (ME), Providence, Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Roanoke, Rochester (NY), St. Louis, San Antonio, Savannah, Shenandoah Valley, State College (PA), Syracuse, Toronto–Pearson, Wilmington (NC), Wilkes–Barre/Scranton[104]
Seasonal: Hilton Head (begins April 6, 2019),[105] Nassau 		[103]
Virgin Atlantic London–Heathrow [106]
Volaris Costa Rica San Salvador, San José de Costa Rica [107]

Notes:

  • ^a : Avianca's flight to La Paz makes a stop at Bogotá.
  • ^b : Ethiopian Airlines' flight from Addis Ababa to Dulles stops at Dublin,[108] but the flight from Dulles to Addis Ababa is nonstop.

Cargo

UPS Airlines Boeing 767-300F sitting on the ramp
AirlinesDestinations
FedEx Express Harrisburg, Indianapolis, Memphis, New York–JFK, Newark, Philadelphia
FedEx Feeder Newark
UPS Airlines Louisville

Statistics

An assortment of United Airlines Boeing 767-300ER and Boeing 777-200ERs lined up at Concourse C in 2011
An All Nippon Airways Boeing 777-300ER taxiing
An Alaska Airlines Boeing 737-900ER taxing by Concourse B with a Virgin America Airbus A320 in the background
An Austrian Airlines Boeing 767-300ER landing on Runway 19C /1C
A South African Airways Airbus A340-300 parked at Concourse A
A Lufthansa Boeing 747-400 taxiing in heavy rain
A Virgin Atlantic Airbus A340-300 parked at Concourse A
A United Airlines Boeing 777-200 lands on Runway 1R/19L


Along with Newark Liberty International Airport, Dulles is one of United Airlines' two East Coast hubs, with many nonstop flights to Europe, Asia, and South America. As of June 2015, United handled 61.1% of scheduled air carrier passengers at the airport.[109] American Airlines has a 4.8% market share.[109] Delta Air Lines handles 4.1% of scheduled air carrier passengers.[109] In addition, 29 foreign carriers have service in and out of Washington Dulles.[110]

On a typical day, Dulles averages 1,000 to 1,200 flight operations.[111] Dulles served 21.6 million passengers in 2014, a 1.7% decrease over 2013. However, international passenger traffic has increased by 1.6% to nearly 7.1 million during the same time.[112] Additional international service is commencing service at Washington Dulles. With 45 weekly flights, Dulles is now the third-largest United States gateway to the Middle East. Even before the United States economic recession started, international passengers have continued to grow, which prompted the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority to expand the International Arrivals Building to handle 2,400 passengers per hour.

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes to and from IAD
(August 2017 – July 2018)[113]
Rank Airport Passengers Carriers
1 Denver, Colorado 541,860 Frontier, Southwest, United
2 Los Angeles, California 529,330 Alaska, American, United, Virgin America
3 San Francisco, California 520,070 Alaska, United, Virgin America
4 Atlanta, Georgia 430,500 Delta, Southwest, United
5 Orlando, Florida 306,540 Frontier, Southwest, United
6 Boston, Massachusetts 264,590 JetBlue, United
7 Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 259,320 American, United
8 Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 233,060 United
9 Charlotte, North Carolina 218,310 American, United
10 Seattle/Tacoma, Washington 199,550 Alaska, United
Busiest International Routes to and from IAD (2017)[114]
Rank Airport Passengers Annual Change Carriers
1 London–Heathrow 826,590 Decrease00.1% British Airways, United Airlines, Virgin Atlantic
2 Frankfurt 602,297 Increase02.3% Lufthansa, United Airlines
3 Paris–Charles de Gaulle 459,422 Increase07.3% Air France, United Airlines
4 Amsterdam 299,535 Increase013.5% KLM, United Airlines
5 Tokyo–Narita 288,382 Increase01.1% All Nippon Airways, United Airlines
6 Munich 274,100 Increase05.8% Lufthansa, United Airlines
7 Beijing–Capital 266,773 Increase012.7% Air China, United Airlines
8 Dubai–International 253,583 Decrease07.7% Emirates
9 Toronto–Pearson 243,775 Increase012.1% Air Canada Express, United Airlines
10 San Salvador 227,164 Increase06.4% Avianca El Salvador
11 Brussels 224,947 Increase08.9% Brussels Airlines, United Airlines
12 Panama City 210,764 Increase010.6% Copa Airlines
13 Addis Ababa 202,187 Increase037.1% Ethiopian Airlines
14 Doha 192,901 Decrease09.0% Qatar Airways
15 Cancún 189,843 Decrease08.5% Delta Air Lines, United Airlines
16 Dublin 176,502 Increase016.0% Aer Lingus, United Airlines
17 Istanbul–Atatürk 176,398 00.0% Turkish Airlines
18 Reykjavík–Keflavík 167,687 Increase025.8% Icelandair
19 Seoul–Incheon 163,888 Increase09.3% Korean Air
20 Mexico City 146,564 Decrease03.4% Aeroméxico, United Airlines
Airline market share
Largest Airlines at IAD
(Mar. 2016)[115]
Rank Airline Passengers
1 United Airlines 1,079,478
2 American Airlines 87,357
3 Delta Air Lines 75,772
4 Southwest Airlines 38,085
5 British Airways 32,531
6 Virgin America 28,676
7 Lufthansa 27,608
8 Emirates 26,875
9 JetBlue Airways 25,365
10 Avianca 22,712

Annual traffic

Traffic by calendar year[7][116][117]
Year Passengers Change from
previous year		 Aircraft operations Cargo
tonnage
1999 19,797,329 465,195 395,981
2000 20,104,693 Increase1.55% 456,436 423,197
2001 18,002,319 Decrease10.46% 396,886 364,833
2002 17,235,163 Decrease4.26% 372,636 358,171
2003 16,950,381 Decrease1.65% 335,397 314,601
2004 22,868,852 Increase34.92% 469,634 342,521
2005 27,052,118 Increase18.29% 509,652 334,071
2006 23,020,362 Decrease14.90% 379,571 386,785
2007 24,737,528 Increase7.46% 382,943 395,377
2008 23,876,780 Decrease3.48% 360,292 368,064
2009 23,213,341 Decrease2.78% 340,367 358,535
2010 23,741,603 Increase2.28% 336,531 366,333
2011 23,211,856 Decrease2.22% 327,493 333,683
2012 22,561,521 Decrease2.80% 312,070 302,766
2013 21,947,065 Decrease2.70% 307,801 253,361
2014 21,572,233 Decrease1.70% 289,306 267,753
2015 21,650,546 Increase0.40% 268,619 262,158
2016 21,969,094 Increase1.50% 265,025 266,081
2017 22,892,504 Increase4.20% 264,575 298,683

Ground transportation

Roads

Dulles is accessible via the Dulles Access Road/Dulles Greenway (State Route 267) and State Route 28. The Dulles Airport Access Highway (DAAH) is a toll-free, limited access, highway owned by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) to facilitate car access to Dulles from the Washington Capital Beltway and Interstate 66.[118] After it opened, non-airport traffic between Washington and Reston became so heavy that a parallel set of toll lanes were added on the same right-of-way to accommodate non-airport traffic (Dulles Toll Road). However, the airport-only lanes are both less congested as well as toll-free. As of November 1, 2008, MWAA assumed responsibility from the Virginia Department of Transportation both for operating the Dulles Toll Road and for the construction of a rapid transit rail line down its median. Route 28, which runs north–south along the eastern edge of the airport, has been upgraded to a limited access highway, with the interchanges financed through a property tax surcharge on nearby business properties. The Dulles Toll Road has been extended to the west to Leesburg as the Dulles Greenway.

Public transportation

Fairfax Connector routes 981 and 983 serve Dulles, connecting to the Herndon–Monroe park & ride lot in Herndon, the Reston Town Center transit in Reston, the Wiehle – Reston East Metro station, and the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center Air and Space Museum.

The "Express" 5A Metrobus route operates service to the airport. The bus stops at the Herndon–Monroe park & ride lot in Herndon and the Rosslyn Metro station in Arlington and terminates at the L'Enfant Plaza Metro station in Southwest DC. Rosslyn can be accessed by the Orange, Blue, and Silver lines, while L'Enfant Plaza is also served by the Yellow and Green lines.

Washington Flyer's Silver Line Express bus service operates roughly every 15–20 minutes between the airport and the Wiehle – Reston East Metro station.[119] This service will be permanently discontinued when Phase II of the Silver Line opens in 2020.[120]

Passengers connecting to the Shenandoah Valley can use the Shenandoah Valley Commuter Bus, which connects to the Vienna and Rosslyn Metro stations. Washington Flyer has a monopoly to operate cabs from Dulles Airport.[121] SuperShuttle ride sharing vans are also available. Uber and Lyft are popular modes are transport to and from the airport and MWAA receives a $4 fee per trip, which is included in the quoted fare.[122]

Construction is underway to connect the airport to Washington, D.C. via the Silver Line of the Washington Metro.[123] While initial plans called for completion of the station in 2016, officials now expect the construction to be completed in 2020.[124]

Accidents and incidents

Control Tower view of IAD in 1961.
  • There were three deaths during a nine-day air show held at Dulles in conjunction with Transpo '72 (officially called the U.S. International Transportation Exposition, a $10 million event sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation, and attended by over one million visitors from around the world).
    • On May 29, 1972, the third day of the show, the pilot of a Kite Rider (a variety of hang glider) was killed in a crash. This was to be the first of the three air deaths during the Air Show.[125]
    • On June 3, 1972, a second death occurred at the Transpo '72 Air Show, during a sport plane pylon race. At 2:40 pm, during the second lap and near a turn about pylon 3, a trailing aircraft's (LOWERS R-1 N66AN) wing and propeller hit the right wing tip of a leading aircraft (CASSUTT BARTH N7017). The right wing immediately sheared off the fuselage, and the damaged aircraft crashed almost instantly, killing the 29-year-old pilot, Hugh C. Alexander. He was a professional Air Racer with over 10,200 hours.[126][127]
    • On June 4, 1972, during the last day of the 9-day Transpo '72 Air Show, the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds experienced their first fatal crash at an air show. Major Joe Howard flying Thunderbird 3 was killed when his F-4E-32-MC Phantom II, 66-0321, lost power during a vertical maneuver. The pilot broke out of formation just after he completed a wedge roll and was ascending at around 2,500 feet AGL. The aircraft staggered and descended in a flat attitude with little forward speed. Although Major Howard ejected as the aircraft fell back to earth from about 1,500 feet (460 m) tail first, and descended under a good canopy, winds blew him into the fireball ascending from the blazing crash site. The parachute melted and the pilot plummeted 200 feet, sustaining fatal injuries.[128]
  • On December 1, 1974, while diverting to Dulles, TWA Flight 514 crashed onto the western slope of Mount Weather.[129] All 85 passengers and 7 crew members were killed on impact.
  • Air France Concorde incidents of 1979:
    • On June 14, 1979, the number 5 and 6 tires on an Air France Concorde blew out during takeoff. Shrapnel thrown from the tires and rims damaged number 2 engine, punctured three fuel tanks, severed several hydraulic lines and electrical wires, in addition to tearing a large hole on the top of the wing, over the wheel well area.[130]
    • On July 21, 1979, one month after the above tire incident, another Air France Concorde blew several of its landing gear tires during takeoff. After that second incident the "French director general of civil aviation issued an air worthiness directive and Air France issued a Technical Information Update, each calling for revised procedures. These included required inspection of each wheel/tire for condition, pressure and temperature prior to each take-off. In addition, crews were advised that landing gear should not be raised when a wheel/tire problem is suspected."[130]
  • On June 18, 1994, a Learjet 25 operated by Mexican carrier TAESA crashed in trees while approaching the airport from the south. Twelve people died.[131] The passengers were planning to attend the 1994 FIFA World Cup soccer games being staged in Washington, D.C.
  • As part of the September 11th, 2001 attacks, American Airlines Flight 77 was hijacked while en route from Dulles to Los Angeles and flown directly into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, killing all 64 on board as well as 125 in The Pentagon.[132]

See also

Notes

References

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External links

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