European Social Movement
The European Social Movement (German: Europäische soziale Bewegung, ESB)[1] was a neo-fascist Europe-wide alliance set up in 1951 to promote pan-European nationalism.
History
The ESB had its origins in the emergence of the Italian Social Movement (MSI), which established contacts with like-minded smaller groups in Europe during the late 1940s, setting up European Study Center and publishing a magazine Europa Unita. On the back of this work they organised a conference in Rome in 1950 which was attended by Oswald Mosley, whose Union Movement was advocating closer European unity with its Europe a Nation policy, representatives of the Falange, allies of Gaston-Armand Amaudruz and other leading figures from the far right.[2] After submitting plans for a centrally organised Europe a second congress followed in 1951 at Malmö, the home of Per Engdahl, where it was agreed that the ESB would be set up as an alliance to this end. Engdahl was chosen as leader of a four-man council to head up the group, also featuring MSI leader Augusto De Marsanich, French writer Maurice Bardèche and German activist Karl-Heinz Priester.[3][4]
The ESB suffered early setbacks however, arguing that a war against communism was, at least initially, impractical for a united Europe, whilst some delegates felt that racialism had not been sufficiently underlined as necessary for the new Europe. These problems proved particularly acute for some members of the French Comité National Français, with leading members René Binet and Maurice Bardèche quitting both the French group and the ESB as a whole, before becoming instrumental in the formation of the New European Order.[5]
Continuing its activity despite the split, the ESB encountered difficulties in 1956 when a delegate was invited to the annual conference of the MSI. Following his attendance he recommended a total split from the MSI, whom he accused of being too preoccupied with Italian politics to be of use to pan-Europeanism.[6] With divisions growing and competition from other movements biting the movement had largely become moribund by 1957.[7] Its role was later taken over by the similar National Party of Europe, in a more formalised organisation.[8]
Ideology
The ESB advocated the construction of an anti-communist and corporatist European empire, with common rules on defence and economy, under the leadership of a leader appointed by plebiscite.[9]
Notes
- ^ Barnes, Ian R. (2000). "Antisemitic Europe and the 'Third Way': The Ideas of Maurice Bardèche". Patterns of Prejudice. 34 (2): 57–73. doi:10.1080/00313220008559140. ISSN 0031-322X.
- ^ Tauber 1959, p. 568.
- ^ Macklin, Graham (2007). Very deeply dyed in black: Sir Oswald Mosley and the resurrection of British fascism after 1945. I.B.Tauris. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-84511-284-4.
- ^ Widfeldt, Anders (2010). "A fourth phase of the extreme right? Nordic immigration-critical parties in a comparative context". NORDEUROPAforum. 20 (1/2): 7–31.
- ^ Tauber 1959, pp. 572–573.
- ^ Tauber 1959, p. 575.
- ^ Tauber 1959, p. 581.
- ^ Tauber 1959.
- ^ Lebourg, Nicolas (2001). "Neo-fascisme et nationalisme-révolutionnaire 2. Etat-Nation-Europe". Domitia (in French) (1).
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References
- Camus, Jean-Yves; Lebourg, Nicolas (2017). Far-Right Politics in Europe. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674971530.
- Tauber, Kurt P. (1959). "German Nationalists and European Union". Political Science Quarterly. 74 (4): 564–589. doi:10.2307/2146424. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2146424.
- Widfeldt, Anders (2010). "A fourth phase of the extreme right? Nordic immigration-critical parties in a comparative context". NORDEUROPAforum. 20 (1/2): 7–31.
