Bharathiraja
Bharathiraja | |
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Born | Chinnasaamy 17 July 1942[1] |
Occupation(s) | Film director, screenwriter, film producer, actor |
Years active | 1977–present |
Spouse | Chandraleela |
Children | Manoj Bharathiraja, Janani Raaja Kumar |
Parents |
|
Awards | Padma Shri (2004) |
Bharathiraja (born 17 July 1942) is an Indian film director who works mainly in the Tamil film industry. Making his debut in 1977 with 16 Vayathinile, he is known for realistic and sensitive portrayals of rural life in his films. As of 2017, he has won six National Film Awards, four Filmfare Awards South, two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and a Nandi Award. He has also directed films in Telugu and Hindi. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri award, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in 2004 for his contribution to the film industry.
Film career
Bharathiraja started his film career as an assistant to Kannada filmmaker Puttanna Kanagal.[3] Later, he assisted P. Pullaiah, M. Krishnan Nair,[4] Avinasi Mani and A. Jagannathan. His first film 16 Vayathinile, for which he wrote the script, broke the then existing convention to create a new genre of village cinema. The film is now regarded as a milestone in the history of Tamil Cinema. About the film, Bharathiraja said: "This movie was meant to be a black & white art film produced with the help of National Film Development Corporation", but turned out to be a commercially successful colour film and a starting point for several important careers.[5] His next film Kizhake Pogum Rail produced similar results and eventually brought in criticisms that Bharathiraja was capable of catering only to village audiences. This led him to make Sigappu Rojakkal, about a psychopathic woman-hater that was totally westernized in terms of both conception and production.[6]
Bharathiraja confirmed his versatility and refusal to be tied down to one particular genre with an experimental film Nizhalgal (1980), and the action thriller Tik Tik Tik (1981). But undoubtedly, rural themes proved to be his strong suit as his biggest hits in the 1980s; Alaigal Oivathillai (1981), Mann Vasanai (1983) and Muthal Mariyathai (1985) were strong love stories in a village backdrop. Muthal Mariyathai starred Sivaji Ganesan in the lead, playing a middle-aged village head. Radha is a poor young woman who moves into his village for a living. The love that bonds these two humans separated not just by age but also by caste and class, is told by Bharathiraja with poetic touches.[7]
Vedham Pudhithu dealt with the caste issue in a stronger manner.[8] The film's narrative was seamless and starred Sathyaraj as Balu Thevar. It contains some of Bharathiraja's trademark touches as well as several ground-breaking scenes. However, it does follow the anti-Brahmin trend common in Tamil films – in this respect it departed from his earlier success Alaigal Oiyvadhillai, where the caste and religion factor was given a more balanced treatment. Bharathiraja has successfully managed to modernise his film-making techniques for the 1990s. The commercial success of Kizhakku Cheemaiyile and the awards that Karuththamma garnered stand as testimony to his ability to thrill the younger generation as well. Bharathiraja was on the same stage in 1996 to receive another National Award for Anthimanthaarai.
In late 1996, Bharathiraja was signed on to direct two films, with the Sarathkumar-starrer Vaakkapatta Bhoomi announced in October. The following month, he began work on a film titled Siragugal Murivadhillai, with Napolean, Heera Rajgopal and Prakash Raj in the leading roles. Both films were later shelved.[9]
His 2001 film Kadal Pookal won him that year's National Film Award for Best Screenplay. The well-known Tamil film director Bhagyaraj was one of his assistant directors. In 2008, Bharathiraja made his television debut with series Thekkathi Ponnu which aired on Kalaignar TV.[10] He went on to direct two other series Appanum Aathaalum and Muthal Mariyathai for the same channel.[11]
During early 2016, Bharathiraja was embroiled in a legal tussle with director Bala on making a film titled Kutra Parambarai, though neither filmmaker eventually made their respective films.[12][13] He later moved on to plan a film starring director Vasanth's son, Ritwik Varun, and Vikram's nephew, but did not begin shooting for the venture.[14] In 2018, Bharathirajaa is working on a film titled November 8, Iravu 8 Mani starring Vidharth, which narrates events following the decision to demonetise certain banknotes in India.[15][16]
Style, critique and public perception
When the old era was dominated by films shot inside studios, Bharathiraja directed village themed films which inspired Tamil cinema to capture live locations. Array of village films in Tamil cinema started after his trendsetting film 16 Vayathinile.[17][18] He changed the attire of male lead role as simple and without much cosmetics and female leads in his films as dusky looking which were before dominated by fair skinned ladies.[19] He started the style of directors speaking to the audience with his famous dialogue "En Iniya Thamizh Makkale(My sweet Tamil people)”.[20][21] Bharathiraja is revered as one of the best directors of Indian cinema. His ideas were original and his subjects were complex ideas expressed in a manner every common man could understand.[22]
He is also known for introducing hundreds of new faces to the film industry.[19][23] He has introduced many actors as new face notable among them are Karthik, Radha, Revathi Raadhika,and Vijayashanti.[24][25][26][27] Apart from lead actors he have introduced bunch of supporting actors. Notable among them includes Janagaraj, Vadivukkarasi, Chandrasekhar, Pandiyan and Napoleon.[28][29][30] As an experimental initiative he used to give new actors a small role in his films later they becoming popular among people and turning to busy actors. Many present day directors who were unknown to people turned into actors after playing a debut petty role in his films, K. Bhagyaraj, Manivannan, Manobala, Thiagarajan, Ponvannan are among them.[31][32] He was also instrumental in portraying Sathyaraj for the first time in lead role.,
Bharathiraja inspired many young film makers and runs a school called Bharathi Raja International Institute of Cinema (BRIIC) on film making.[33][34] His films were inspired by other directors like Maniratnam, Priyadarshan and more.[35]
Bharathiraja directed socially themed films with special emphasis on women and their complicated interpersonal relationships. He addressed other social evils like caste discrimination in his films.[24][18]
Personal life
Bharathiraja was born as Chinnasamy to parents Periyamayathevar and Karuthammal. He is married to ChandraLeela and has two children Manoj Bharathiraja and Janani.
Manoj is an actor who was introduced in Tajmahal and he is married to actress Nandana.[36][37] Janani is married to Malaysian Rajkumar Thambiraja.[36] Bharathiraja's brother-in-law Manojkumar has directed films such as Mannukkul Vairam, Vandicholai Chinraasu, Vaanavil and Guru Paarvai.[38] His brother Jayaraj made his acting debut with Kaththukkutti.[39] His relative Stalin is a television actor who acted in serials such as Saravanan Meenatchi and 7C.[citation needed]
Awards
Civilian honours
- 2004 – Padmashri from the Government of India[40]
National Film Awards
- 1982 – National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu for Seethakoka Chiluka (Director)
- 1986 – National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil for Mudhal Mariyathai (Producer & Director)
- 1988 – National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues Vedham Pudhithu (Director)
- 1995 – National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare for Karuththamma (Director)
- 1996 – National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil for Anthimanthaarai (Director)
- 2001 – National Film Award for Best Screenplay for Kadal Pookkal (Director & Writer)
Filmfare Awards South
- 1978 – Best Tamil Director for Sigappu Rojakkal
- 1987 - Best Tamil Film for Vedham Pudhithu[41][42]
- 1987 - Best Tamil Director for Vedham Pudhithu[41][42]
- 1994 - Best Tamil Film for Karuthamma
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards
- 1977 – Best Director Award for 16 Vayathinile
- 1979- Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film - Second Prize - Puthiya Vaarpugal
- 1981 – Best Director Award for Alaigal Oivathillai
- 1994 - Best Film Portraying Woman in Good Light for Karuththamma
- 2001 - Tamil Nadu State Film Honorary Award- Arignar Anna Award in 2001
- 2003 – Best Film in First place Eera Nilam
Nandi Awards
- 1981 – Nandi Award for Best Director for Seethakoka Chiluka
- 2012 - Contribution to Tamil Cinema
- 2013 - Best Supporting Actor for Pandiya Naadu
Other awards
- South Indian Film Technicians : Best Technician Award for Kallukkul Eeram
Controversies
- He attended the Heroes Day conference at Jaffna and appreciated its heroism and valour.[43] Tamil Nadu Congress president Krishnasamy claimed he met the LTTE's leader Prabhakaran, accused of planning the assassination of former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and who is banned in India.
- He organised a protest by Tamil Nadu artists against the Indian state of Karnataka for not releasing Cauvery water at Neyveli. During a SUN TV interview, film co-stars such as Sarath Kumar and Radhika who attended the conference accused him of using that opportunity to eulogise current Tamil Nadu chief minister Jayalalitha and launching attacks on Rajinikanth's home state's ethnicity.[44][45]
Filmography
Films
No. | Year | Title | Language | Credited as | Role | Notes | ||
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Director | Writer | Actor | ||||||
1 | 1977 | 16 Vayathinile | Tamil | ![]() |
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Remade in Telugu as Padaharella Vayasu Remade in Hindi as Solva Sawan Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director | ||
2 | 1978 | Kizhake Pogum Rail | Tamil | ![]() |
Remade in Telugu as Toorpu Velle Railu | |||
3 | 1978 | Sigappu Rojakkal | Tamil | ![]() |
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Remade in Hindi as Red Rose Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Director | ||
4 | 1979 | Solva Sawan | Hindi | ![]() |
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5 | 1979 | Puthiya Vaarpugal | Tamil | ![]() |
Remade in Telugu as Kotha Jeevithalu | |||
6 | 1979 | Niram Maaratha Pookkal | Tamil | ![]() |
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7 | 1980 | Kallukkul Eeram | Tamil | ![]() |
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As Director Bharathiraja | Acting & Lead role debut | |
8 | 1980 | Kotha Jeevithalu | Telugu | ![]() |
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9 | 1980 | Red Rose | Hindi | ![]() |
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10 | 1980 | Nizhalgal | Tamil | ![]() |
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11 | 1981 | Alaigal Oivathillai | Tamil | ![]() |
Remade in Telugu as Seethakoka Chiluka Remade in Hindi as Lovers Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director | |||
12 | 1981 | Tik Tik Tik | Tamil | ![]() |
![]() |
Remade in Hindi as Karishma | ||
13 | 1981 | Seethakoka Chiluka | Telugu | ![]() |
National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu | |||
14 | 1982 | Kaadhal Oviyam | Tamil | ![]() |
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15 | 1982 | Valibamey Vaa Vaa | Tamil | ![]() |
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16 | 1983 | Man Vasanai | Tamil | ![]() |
Remade in Telugu as Mangammagari Manavadu | |||
17 | 1983 | Lovers | Hindi | ![]() |
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18 | 1983 | Dhavani Kanavugal | Tamil | ![]() |
Guest appearance | |||
19 | 1984 | Pudhumai Penn | Tamil | ![]() |
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20 | 1985 | Oru Kaidhiyin Diary | Tamil | ![]() |
Remade in Hindi as Aakhree Raasta | |||
21 | 1985 | Yuvadharam Pilicindi | Telugu | ![]() |
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22 | 1985 | Mudhal Mariyathai | Tamil | ![]() |
National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil | |||
23 | 1985 | Ee Tharam Illalu | Telugu | ![]() |
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24 | 1986 | Saveray Wali Gaadi | Hindi | ![]() |
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25 | 1986 | Kadalora Kavithaigal | Tamil | ![]() |
Remade in Telugu as Aradhana | |||
26 | 1988 | Jamadagni | Telugu | ![]() |
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27 | 1987 | Vedham Pudhithu | Tamil | ![]() |
Dubbed for Nizhalgal Ravi, National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues | |||
28 | 1987 | Aradhana | Telugu | ![]() |
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29 | 1988 | Kodi Parakuthu | Tamil | ![]() |
Dubbed for Manivannan | |||
30 | 1990 | En Uyir Thozhan | Tamil | ![]() |
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31 | 1991 | Pudhu Nellu Pudhu Naathu | Tamil | ![]() |
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32 | 1991 | Idhayam | Tamil | ![]() |
Guest appearance | |||
33 | 1991 | Thanthu Vitten Ennai | Tamil | ![]() |
Guest appearance | |||
34 | 1992 | Nadodi Thendral | Tamil | ![]() |
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35 | 1993 | Captain Magal | Tamil | ![]() |
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36 | 1993 | Kizhakku Cheemayile | Tamil | ![]() |
Remade in Telugu as Palnati Pourusham | |||
37 | 1994 | Karuthamma | Tamil | ![]() |
National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare | |||
38 | 1995 | Pasum Ponn | Tamil | ![]() |
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39 | 1996 | Tamizh Selvan | Tamil | ![]() |
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40 | 1996 | Anthimanthaarai | Tamil | ![]() |
National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil | |||
41 | 1999 | Taj Mahal | Tamil | ![]() |
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42 | 2001 | Kadal Pookkal | Tamil | ![]() |
![]() |
National Film Award for Best Screenplay | ||
43 | 2002 | Kadhal Virus | Tamil | ![]() |
Guest appearance | |||
44 | 2003 | Eera Nilam | Tamil | ![]() |
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45 | 2004 | Kangalal Kaidhu Sei | Tamil | ![]() |
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46 | 2004 | Aayutha Ezhuthu | Tamil | ![]() |
Selvanayagam | |||
47 | 2008 | Bommalattam | Tamil | ![]() |
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48 | 2010 | Rettaisuzhi | Tamil | ![]() |
Singaravelan | |||
49 | 2013 | Annakodi | Tamil | ![]() |
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50 | 2013 | Pandianadu | Tamil | ![]() |
Kalyanasundaram | Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actor | ||
51 | 2014 | Ninaithathu Yaaro | Tamil | ![]() |
Guest appearance | |||
52 | 2017 | Kurangu Bommai | Tamil | ![]() |
Sundaram | |||
53 | 2017 | Padaiveeran | Tamil | ![]() |
Krishnan | |||
54 | 2018 | Seethakaathi | Tamil | ![]() |
Himself (Special appearance) | |||
55 | 2019 | Kennedy Club | Tamil | ![]() |
Savarimuthu | |||
56 | 2019 | Namma Veetu Pillai | Tamil | ![]() |
Arunmozhivarman | |||
57 | 2020 | Meendum Oru Mariyathai | Tamil | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Om | |
58 | 2020 | Rocky | Tamil | ![]() |
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59 | 2020 | Maanaadu | Tamil | ![]() |
Television
- Thekkathi Ponnu
- Appanum Aathaalum
- Mudhal Mariyathai
Dubbing artist
- Vijayan (Niram Maaratha Pookkal, Man Vaasanai)
- Thiagarajan (Alaigal Oivathillai)
- Nizhalgal Ravi (Mann Vasanai, Vedham Pudhithu)
- Manivannan (Kodi Parakuthu)
Singer
- "Kaadu Pottakaadu" (Karuthamma)
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External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Bharathiraja at IMDb
- Tamil film directors
- Tamil-language film directors
- Tamil screenwriters
- Male actors from Tamil Nadu
- 1941 births
- Living people
- Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
- Telugu film directors
- Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
- Filmfare Awards South winners
- Nandi Award winners
- 20th-century Indian film directors
- 21st-century Indian film directors
- People from Theni district
- 20th-century Indian male actors
- Film directors from Tamil Nadu
- Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu
- Best Original Screenplay National Film Award winners
- Directors who won the Best Film on Family Welfare National Film Award
- Directors who won the Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award