List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index

World map representing the inequality-adjusted Human Development Index categories (based on 2018 data, published in 2019).

0.800–1.000 (very high)   0.700–0.799 (high)   0.555–0.699 (medium)

0.350–0.554 (low)   Data unavailable

World map showing countries by the inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (based on 2018 data, published in 2019).

0.850–0.899   0.800–0.849   0.750–0.799   0.700–0.749   0.650–0.699

0.600–0.649   0.550–0.599   0.500–0.549   0.450–0.499   0.400–0.449

0.350–0.399   0.300–0.349   0.250–0.299   0.200–0.249   Data unavailable

This is a list of countries by inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), as published by the UNDP in its 2019 Human Development Report. According to the 2016 Report, "The IHDI can be interpreted as the level of human development when inequality is accounted for," whereas the Human Development Index itself is "an index of potential human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)."

The HDI, from which the IHDI derives, is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, and is anchored in the Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen’s work on human capabilities. It is often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in their life, and was published by the United Nations Development Programme. Though insightful, the index does not reckon several factors, such as the net wealth per capita, the relative quality of goods, CO₂ emissions, crime rate or risk of insolvency in a country. This situation tends to lower the rank for some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others.

Methodology

Main article: Human Development Index

See also: List of countries by Human Development Index

The index captures the HDI of the average person in society, which is less than the aggregate HDI when there is inequality in the distribution of health, education and income. Under perfect equality, the HDI and IHDI are equal; the greater the difference between the two, the greater the inequality.

The IHDI, estimated for 151 countries, captures the losses in human development due to inequality in health, education and income. Losses in all three dimensions vary across countries, ranging from just a few percent (Czech Republic, Slovenia) up to over 40% (Comoros, Central African Republic). Overall loss takes into account all three dimensions.

List

The table below ranks countries according to their inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI). Data is based on 2019 estimates.

2018 inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) (2019 report)

Rank	Country	2018 estimates (2019 report)
		IHDI	HDI	Overall loss (%)
1	Norway	0.889	0.954	6.8
2	Iceland	0.885	0.938	5.7
3	Japan	0.882	0.915	3.6
3	Switzerland	0.882	0.946	6.8
5	Finland	0.876	0.925	5.3
6	Sweden	0.874	0.937	6.7
7	Denmark	0.873	0.930	6.1
8	Netherlands	0.870	0.933	6.8
9	Ireland	0.865	0.942	8.2
10	Australia	0.862	0.938	8.1
11	Germany	0.861	0.939	8.3
12	Slovenia	0.858	0.902	4.8
13	Czech Republic	0.850	0.891	4.6
14	Belgium	0.849	0.919	7.6
15	United Kingdom	0.845	0.920	8.2
16	Austria	0.843	0.914	7.7
17	Canada	0.841	0.922	8.8
18	New Zealand	0.836	0.921	9.2
19	Luxembourg	0.822	0.909	9.5
20	Estonia	0.818	0.882	7.2
21	Hong Kong	0.815	0.939	13.2
21	Malta	0.815	0.885	8
23	Singapore	0.810	0.935	13.3
24	France	0.809	0.891	9.2
24	Israel	0.809	0.906	10.8
26	Slovakia	0.804	0.857	6.2
27	Poland	0.801	0.872	8.1
28	United States	0.797	0.920	13.4
29	Cyprus	0.788	0.873	9.7
30	South Korea	0.777	0.906	14.3
30	Hungary	0.777	0.845	8
32	Italy	0.776	0.883	12.1
32	Latvia	0.776	0.854	9.1
34	Lithuania	0.775	0.869	10.9
35	Croatia	0.768	0.837	8.3
36	Greece	0.766	0.872	12.2
37	Belarus	0.765	0.817	6.4
37	Spain	0.765	0.893	14.3
39	Kazakhstan	0.759	0.817	7.1
40	Montenegro	0.746	0.816	8.6
41	Russia	0.743	0.824	9.9
42	Portugal	0.742	0.850	12.7
43	Oman	0.725	0.834	13.1
43	Romania	0.725	0.816	11.1
45	Argentina	0.714	0.830	14
45	Bulgaria	0.714	0.816	12.5
47	Iran	0.706	0.797	11.5
48	Albania	0.705	0.791	10.9
49	Uruguay	0.703	0.808	13
50	Ukraine	0.701	0.750	6.4
51	Chile	0.696	0.847	17.8
52	Georgia	0.692	0.786	12
53	Mauritius	0.688	0.796	13.7
54	Sri Lanka	0.686	0.780	12.1
55	Armenia	0.685	0.760	9.9
55	Serbia	0.685	0.799	14
57	Azerbaijan	0.683	0.754	9.4
58	Barbados	0.675	0.813	17
58	Turkey	0.675	0.806	16.2
60	North Macedonia	0.660	0.759	13.1
61	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.658	0.769	14.4
62	Costa Rica	0.645	0.794	18.7
63	Moldova	0.638	0.711	10.4
64	China	0.636	0.758	16.1
65	Mongolia	0.635	0.735	13.6
65	Thailand	0.635	0.765	16.9
67	Panama	0.626	0.795	21.2
68	Jordan	0.617	0.723	14.7
68	Saint Lucia	0.617	0.745	17.2
70	Peru	0.612	0.759	19.4
71	Kyrgyzstan	0.610	0.674	9.5
72	Ecuador	0.607	0.758	19.9
73	Algeria	0.604	0.759	20.4
73	Jamaica	0.604	0.726	16.7
75	Venezuela	0.600	0.726	17.3
76	Palestine	0.597	0.690	13.5
77	Mexico	0.595	0.767	22.5
78	Colombia	0.585	0.761	23.1
78	Tunisia	0.585	0.739	20.8
—	World	0.584	0.731	20.2
80	Dominican Republic	0.584	0.745	21.5
80	Indonesia	0.584	0.707	17.4
82	Philippines	0.582	0.712	18.2
83	Vietnam	0.580	0.693	16.3
84	Turkmenistan	0.579	0.710	18.5
85	Brazil	0.574	0.761	24.5
85	Tajikistan	0.574	0.656	12.5
87	Maldives	0.568	0.719	21
88	Belize	0.558	0.720	22.6
89	Suriname	0.557	0.720	22.7
90	Iraq	0.552	0.689	19.8
91	Guyana	0.546	0.670	18.5
92	Paraguay	0.545	0.724	24.7
93	Gabon	0.544	0.702	24.5
94	Bolivia	0.533	0.703	24.2
95	El Salvador	0.521	0.667	21.9
96	São Tomé and Príncipe	0.507	0.609	16.3
97	Nicaragua	0.501	0.651	23
98	Egypt	0.492	0.700	29.7
99	India	0.477	0.647	26.3
100	Guatemala	0.472	0.651	27.4
101	Bangladesh	0.465	0.614	24.3
101	Cambodia	0.465	0.581	20.1
103	Honduras	0.464	0.623	25.5
104	South Africa	0.463	0.705	34.4
105	Rep. of the Congo	0.456	0.608	25
106	Laos	0.454	0.604	24.9
107	Bhutan	0.450	0.617	27.1
107	Timor-Leste	0.450	0.626	28
109	Myanmar	0.448	0.584	23.2
110	Zimbabwe	0.434	0.563	22.8
111	Eswatini	0.430	0.608	29.3
111	Nepal	0.430	0.579	26.8
113	Ghana	0.427	0.596	28.3
114	Kenya	0.426	0.579	26.3
115	Namibia	0.417	0.645	35.3
116	Tanzania	0.397	0.528	24.9
117	Zambia	0.394	0.591	33.4
118	Angola	0.392	0.574	31.8
119	Uganda	0.387	0.528	26.7
120	Madagascar	0.386	0.521	25.8
120	Pakistan	0.386	0.560	31.1
122	Rwanda	0.382	0.536	28.7
123	Cameroon	0.371	0.563	34.1
124	Mauritania	0.358	0.528	32.1
125	Togo	0.350	0.513	31.7
126	Nigeria	0.349	0.534	34.6
127	Senegal	0.347	0.514	32.5
128	Malawi	0.346	0.485	28.7
129	Ethiopia	0.337	0.470	28.7
130	Sudan	0.332	0.507	34.6
131	Côte d'Ivoire	0.331	0.516	35.8
132	Benin	0.327	0.520	37.1
133	Lesotho	0.318	0.518	32.5
134	Dem. Rep. of the Congo	0.316	0.459	31
134	Yemen	0.316	0.463	31.8
136	Liberia	0.314	0.465	32.3
137	Guinea	0.310	0.466	37.4
138	Mozambique	0.309	0.446	30.7
139	Burkina Faso	0.303	0.434	30.1
140	Haiti	0.299	0.503	40.5
141	Burundi	0.296	0.423	30.1
142	Comoros	0.294	0.538	45.3
142	Mali	0.294	0.427	31.2
144	Gambia	0.293	0.466	37.2
145	Guinea-Bissau	0.288	0.461	37.5
146	Sierra Leone	0.282	0.438	35.7
147	Niger	0.272	0.377	27.9
148	South Sudan	0.264	0.413	36.1
149	Chad	0.250	0.401	37.7
150	Central African Republic	0.222	0.381	41.6

See also

• List of countries by Human Development Index
• List of countries by income equality
• List of countries by Social Progress Index
• Welfare's effect on poverty
• Economic inequality
• Social inequality
• Poverty
• Per capita income
• Median income
• Disposable household and per capita income

External links

• Human Development Reports