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Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc
Morrisons
Company typePublic limited company
LSE: MRW
IndustryRetailing
Founded1899; 125 years ago (1899)
(Bradford, England)
FounderWilliam Morrison
HeadquartersBradford, West Yorkshire,
United Kingdom
Number of locations
Decrease 569 (it was 662 including 140 M local stores) [1][2]
Key people
Sir Ken Morrison (President)
Andrew Higginson (Chairman)
David Potts (CEO)
ProductsSupermarket
RevenueDecrease£17.680 billion (2014)[3]
Decrease £(95) million (2014)[3]
Decrease £(238) million (2014)[3]
OwnerMorrison family (10%)
Threadneedle Asset Management (5%)
Schroder Investment (5%)
First Eagle LLC (5%)
Silchester Investors (5%)
Investors Asset Management (5%)
Brandes Investment (5%)
Other Minor Shareholders (60%) [4]
Number of employees
125,000 (2014)[2]
SubsidiariesWm Morrison Supermarket Stores Ltd. (Supermarkets)
Safeway Ltd. and in turn Safeway Stores Ltd. (Supermarkets)
Wm Morrison Convenience Stores Ltd. (Convenience stores)
Wm Morrison Online Ltd. (Online groceries)
Neerock Ltd. (Fresh meat processing)
Farmers Boy Ltd. (Fresh food processing)
Wm Morrison Produce Ltd. (Produce packing)
Optimisation Developments Ltd (Property development)
MHE JV Co (Online groceries fulfilment centre)
Websitewww.morrisons.com

Morrisons is the fourth largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom,[5] headquartered in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.[6] The company's legal name is Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc. Morrisons' market share in June 2015 was 11%, down 0.3% from 2014[7] - behind Tesco (28.7%), Asda (17.3%) Sainsbury's (16.6%) but ahead of the fifth place The Co-operative Food (6.1%).[8][9]

Founded in 1899 by William Morrison, hence the abbreviation Wm Morrison, it began as an egg and butter stall in Rawson Market, Bradford, England. Until 2004, Morrisons store locations were primarily focused in the north of England, but with the takeover of Safeway in that year, the company's presence increased significantly in the south of England, Wales and Scotland. As of May 2014 the company had 515 superstores and 113 Morrisons M local stores spread across England, Wales and Scotland.[1][2]

The Morrison family currently owns around 10% of the company.

The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is part of the FTSE 250 Index of companies.

History

Morrisons, Lakeside, Ashby, North Lincolnshire

Founding

The company was founded by William Morrison in 1899 who started the business as an egg and butter merchant in Rawson Market, Bradford, England, operating under the name of Wm Morrison Limited.[10]

His son Ken Morrison took over the company in 1952, aged 21. In 1958, Morrisons opened a small shop in the city centre.[10] It was the first self-service store in Bradford, the first store to have prices on its products, and it had three checkouts. The company opened its first supermarket, "Victoria", in the Girlington district of Bradford in 1961.[10]

Publicly traded company

Morrisons, Plompton Park, Harrogate
Morrisons store with clock tower, Doxford Park, Sunderland

In 1967, Morrisons became a public limited company listed on the London Stock Exchange.[10]

Acquisition of Safeway

Safeway store in Cornwall in 2005.
Morrisons supermarket in Milton Keynes (formerly a Safeway store)
Morrisons in Chippenham, a former Safeway store

In March 2004 Morrisons, acquired Safeway, a British supermarket chain which owned 479 stores, allowing Morrisons to have a larger presence in southern England.[11] The company was purchased for £3.3 billion, comprising 1 new Morrisons share (enabling Safeway shareholders to have a 40% stake in the enlarged group and reducing the Morrison family's shareholding to 18%), plus 60 pence in cash (paid for by the divestment of 52 overlapping stores) for each Safeway share held. The acquisition quickly ran into difficulties caused in part by Safeway UK's outgoing management changing that chain's accounting systems six weeks before the transaction was completed.[12] The result was a series of profit warnings being issued by Morrisons, poor financial results[13] and a reversion to manual systems.[14]

The programme of store conversions from Safeway to Morrisons was the largest of its kind in British retail history, focusing initially on the retained stores which were freehold, over 25,000 sq ft (2,300 m2) with separate car parks. Within a few weeks, Safeway carrier bags were replaced by those of Morrisons and Morrisons own-brand products began to appear in Safeway stores.[15]

Originally 52 shops were to be compulsorily divested after the takeover, but this was reduced to 50 after one Safeway store in Sunderland was destroyed by fire and the lease ended on another in Leeds city centre. John Lewis Partnership purchased 19 to be part of its Waitrose chain,[16] while J Sainsbury plc purchased a further 14,[17] and Tesco bought 10 in October 2004.[18] At the time Morrisons chose not to move into the convenience store sector (although it has since done so with its M Local stores). Further to this policy decision, it was announced in late 2004 that the 114 smaller 'Safeway Compact' stores would be sold off to rival supermarket chain Somerfield in a two-part deal worth £260.2 million in total.[19]

In Northern Ireland Morrisons sold the Safeway stores to Asda. This included a store in Bangor that opened after the Morrisons takeover.[20]

One of the largest single purchases in 2005 was that of five stores by Waitrose.[21] On 18 July 2006, a further six stores from the 'Rump' format were sold to Waitrose, including the former Safeway store in Hexham, Northumberland, which became England's most northerly Waitrose branch.[22]

In May 2005, Morrisons announced the closure of Safeway's joint venture convenience store/petrol station format with BP. Under the deal, the premises had been split 50/50 between the two companies.[23]

Morrisons also sold Safeway's Channel Islands stores, in Guernsey and Jersey, to CI Traders where the stores continued to trade as Safeway, although the products they sold carried the brand names of chains such as Iceland.[24] In 2011, Sandpiper CI/CI Traders sold the Channel Island Safeway stores to Waitrose and the Safeway brand disappeared from the Channel Islands.[25] On the Isle of Man, the Douglas store was sold to Shoprite and the Ramsey store was sold to The Co-operative Food.[26] The Gibraltar store was originally marketed for sale, but has now been converted under the 'Rump' format. In November 2006, plans were submitted for the extension and redevelopment of the store in order to introduce the full Morrisons format.[27]

In September 2005 the company announced the closure of former Safeway depots in Kent, Bristol and Warrington with the loss of 2,500 jobs.[28] The Kent depot has since been sold to upmarket rival Waitrose, whilst Warrington was sold to frozen food rival Iceland. Part of the Bristol depot has been sold off to Gist.[29] The store conversion process was completed on 24 November 2005 when the Safeway fascia disappeared from the UK.[30]

Optimisation Plan

File:Speke1.jpg
Morrisons at Speke

Following the acquisition of Safeway, Morrisons encountered a number of difficulties. The company had issued five profits warnings since the acquisition, and it was felt that the original Morrisons northern format did not work as well in some of the former Safeway stores in the south. To reinvigorate its new national image, Morrisons appointed the Dutchman Marc Bolland (the Chief Operating Officer of Heineken), as its new Chief Executive.[31]

Retirement of Sir Ken Morrison

On 13 March 2008 Sir Ken Morrison retired as Chairman after 55 years at the company and was made Honorary President.[32]

Purchase of Co-op and Somerfield stores

When the Co-operative Group completed its takeover of the Somerfield supermarket chain in March 2009, it was required to sell a number of stores by the Competition Commission. Morrisons purchased 35 stores from the combined group, mostly trading under the Somerfield fascia.[33] These new stores were the first of more than 100 identified by Morrisons for expansion into smaller supermarkets as it aims to have a store within 15 minutes of every UK home.[34]

Multi-channel diversification

Morrisons supermarket, High Street, Saltney, Flintshire
Morrisons M local, Roundhay Road, Oakwood, Leeds

Following Marc Bolland's departure to become the CEO of Marks & Spencer in December 2009, Dalton Philips was appointed in a surprise move as his replacement in January 2010.[35]

In 2010, Morrisons signed a deal with budget retailer Peacocks, the first concession store opened as part of a refurbishment at the retailer's store in Idle, Bradford.[36] The Peacocks section was rolled out into other stores before launching its own childrenswear brand 'Nutmeg' into 85 stores on 21 March 2013.[37] Speculation is that Morrisons is investigating a launch into adult clothing during 2014.[38]

The first Morrisons M local store opened in Ilkley, Yorkshire in 2011.[39]

Throughout December 2012 the supermarket chain saw a 2.5% decline in sales. That led the chain to label its financial performance for the Christmas period 2012 as 'disappointing', although the supermarket it claimed it was on track to meet its targets.[40]

In May 2013 Morrisons announced a partnership with Ocado to use its technology systems and distribution infrastructure to help launch its own online service.[41]

Richard Pennycook, who had joined Morrisons in October 2005,[42] was replaced as Chief Financial Officer at Morrisons in June 2013 by Trevor Strain, previously Finance Director Corporate.[43]

Potential private equity takeover bid

In February 2014, it emerged that younger members of the founding Morrison family, who own 10% of the company and who are thought to include two of Honorary President Sir Ken Morrison's children, William Morrison Junior and Andrea Shelley, along with Sir Ken Morrison's niece and her husband, Susan and Nigel Pritchard, had approached a number of private equity firms about taking the company private. They were said to be extremely unhappy about the company's disastrous financial performance, and the corporate strategy being undertaken by Dalton Philips.[44]

Public criticism by the Morrison family

Following a new three-year corporate strategy revealed in March 2014 aimed at recovering sales and market share, at Morrisons Annual General Meeting in June 2014, Morrisons former chairman Sir Ken Morrison blasted Dalton Philips and his new board of directors for destroying the company he inherited from his father; Morrison remarked on Philips's strategy to save the failing supermarket from the pressures of Aldi and other discounter stores, stating "When I left work and started working as a hobby, I chose to raise cattle. I have something like 1,000 bullocks and, having listened to your presentation, Dalton, you've got a lot more bullshit than me."[45]

Morrison's comments were backed up by his nephew Chris Blundell, who controls most of the remaining family stake in the supermarket, who also told the board it needed rescuing, and welcomed the decision by chairman Sir Ian Gibson to leave the business next year (in June 2015) after months of pressure.[46]

Morrisons restructuring plans

In June 2014, Morrisons announced that there are plans put in place to cut 2,600 jobs as a result of changes to its management structure.[47] Morrisons stated that it had trialled the new structure and believed that better performance was achieved via these methods. However, these cuts would primarily affect department manager and supervisory positions. Morrisons would create 1,000 jobs in Morrisons M local convenience stores and 3,000 in new supermarkets. Following this, Morrisons sold its distribution centre in Kent to a real estate investment company for £97.8 million. In turn, the depot in Kemsley, will be immediately leased back to the supermarket chain on a 25-year agreement with a £5.4 million rental fee per annum.[48]

Change of leadership again

Morrisons supermarket, Seacombe, Merseyside (a former Netto store), due to close in 2015

Following a 3.1% drop in like-for-like sales in the Christmas 2014 trading period, Morrisons announced on the widely expected resignation of the heavily publicly criticised Chief Executive of five years, Dalton Philips, to become effective in March 2015. In addition, the Chairman Sir Ian Gibson would stand down six months early to be replaced by former Tesco Chief Financial Officer Andrew Higginson at the end of January 2015.[49] Five additional executives exited the company in March 2015.[50]

Morrisons also announced the closure of 10 small loss-making stores (eight former Netto UK stores and two former Somerfield stores, bought under Philips's leadership) in Cramlington, Accrington, Ravensthorpe, Bransholme (Hull), Telford, West Bromwich, Wallasey (Seacombe - store pictured on the right), Newton le Willows, Rugby and Crawley.[51] In addition, six unprofitable convenience stores would close, and the roll-out of the convenience store chain would be slowed, as a batch of 40 sites would no longer be bought.[52]

Morrisons' headquarters in Bradford, West Yorkshire

On 25 February 2015, Morrisons named former Tesco director David Potts as its new chief executive.[53]

In June 2015, Morrisons cut the price of 200 'everyday items' by up to 33%[54] The store chain's like-for-like sales had fallen by 2.9% in the first three months of 2015 - after falling 2.6% in the last three months of 2014. The company responded by deciding to 'simplify' its head office in Bradford - at the cost of 720 jobs.[55]

In September 2015, Morrisons announced the sale of its 140 M Local stores to Mike Greene and Greybull Capital, to be re-branded My Local, for £25 million[56]and that it planned to close 11 supermarkets, costing a reported 900 jobs.[57] Following on from this in January 2016 Morrisons bosses announced that a further 7 stores would be closing to help optimise their existing assets and address areas of under performance.[58]

Financial performance

The financial results have been as follows:[3]

52/3 weeks to Turnover (£'m) Profit/(loss) before tax (£'m) Profit/(loss) after tax (£'m)
2 February 2014 17,680 (176.0) (238.0)
3 February 2013 18,116 879.0 647.0
29 January 2012 17,663 947.0 690.0
30 January 2011 16,479 874.0 632.0
31 January 2010 15,410 858.0 598.0
1 February 2009 14,528 655.0 460.0
3 February 2008 12,969 612.0 554.0
4 February 2007 12,462 369.0 247.6
29 January 2006 12,115 (312.9) (250.3)
30 January 2005 12,116 193.0 105.0
1 February 2004 4,944 319.9 197.6
2 February 2003 4,290 282.5 186.3
3 February 2002 3,915 243.0 143.7
4 February 2001 3,496 219.1 120.0
29 January 2000 2,969 189.2 103.1

Current operations

Morrisons at Wetherby, West Yorkshire
A Morrisons petrol station in Wetherby, West Yorkshire

Morrisons currently has 569[59] superstores in the United Kingdom (February 2014), including those it retained following its purchase of Safeway plc (see below). Until 2004, Morrisons superstores were largely concentrated in the English Midlands and the North of England, but had expanded southwards, beginning with a store at Erith, Greater London, which opened in 1998.[60]

Market share

Morrisons market share decreased after its purchase of Safeway, but it eventually grew again after the store disposals and conversions.

In mid-2015, Morrisons was still the smallest of the 'big four' supermarkets - with a market share of 11%, down 0.3% from 2014.[61]

According to CACI, as of 2006, Morrisons had market dominance in 10 postcode areas; SY (Shrewsbury), LD (Llandrindod Wells), WS (Walsall), TS (Cleveland), TD (Hawick), BD (Bradford), HG (Harrogate), LS (Leeds), WF (Wakefield) and HD (Huddersfield).[62]

Store formats

Morrisons operated two stores formats: superstores and, until September 2015, convenience stores.

Superstores

The traditional format of Morrisons superstores is called Market Street. The meat is near or next to the butcher's counter, the delicatessen being traditionally named Provisions with cheese fridge nearby and a rottisserie counter named Oven Fresh.[63]

Convenience stores

The company operated a number smaller stores called "Morrisons M local" in major places such as Birmingham, Manchester Cardiff and Bristol. These stores have a similar format to small Tesco Express and Sainsbury's Local stores, but include a wider range of ready-to-eat hot food such as pastries, coffee, rotisserie, porridge and also a salad bar, items are stocked from near by superstores and shoppers can also order foods in including fresh meat and fish.[64]

A distribution centre in Feltham, West London was acquired to provide a distribution network to the stores in London and the South East where there are few superstores.[65]

Around 70 stores were opened by the end of 2013, which was boosted by the purchase of 7 Jessops and 49 Blockbuster stores from administrators.[66] On 26 February 2013, a further 6 HMV stores were acquired from administrators.[67]

In July 2015 all 140 M Local stores were sold at a loss to retail entrepreneur Mike Greene in a bid to save the failing supermarkets current down turn in profits.

Other operations

In addition to traditional retail supermarket stores, Morrisons has a number of other operations:

Morrisons Cellar

In 2012, The group launched its first retail website called "Morrisons Cellar" selling wine from around the world.[68]

Morrisons.com

Unlike its major competitors, Morrisons has only recently branched towards offering an online shopping service. In May 2013 Morrisons announced a partnership with Ocado to use its technology systems and distribution infrastructure to help launch its own online service.[69]

Former operations

Kiddicare

In 2011, Morrisons bought children's retailer Kiddicare for £70m to give it the knowledge to sell clothing and homewares online.[70] In 2012 10 former Best Buy stores from the Carphone Warehouse were acquired to expand Kiddicare into retail stores.[71] In March 2014 Morrisons CEO Dalton Phillips announced the company's intention of selling Kiddicare. The company was sold to the Endless private equity firm for £2 million in July 2014, only to be sold on to Worldstores two months later (in September 2014) for an undisclosed sum.[72]

FreshDirect

Morrisons purchased a 10% stake in New York based online grocer FreshDirect. After having sent a team to New York to learn from the business ahead of the predicted launch in 2013, Morrisons now has a fleet of home delivery vehicles and began a home delivery initiative in January 2014. In March 2014 Morrisons CEO Dalton Phillips has announced the company have sold its 10% stake in FreshDirect due to financial difficulties the company was facing and, as it had set up its own online shopping site, it no longer needed FreshDirect.[73]

Marketing and branding

Logos and slogans

The Morrisons logo used used from 1980 until March 2007
The Morrisons logo used from April 2007 until January 2016
A Morrisons branch at the Merrion Centre showing alternative branding introduced in 2015.

On 15 March 2007, Morrisons announced that it would ditch its existing branding and strapline in favour of a more modern brand image. Their lower price option brand, Bettabuy, was also changed to a more modern brand called the Morrisons Value range.[74]

The change saw the replacement of the old yellow and black logo, along with the "More reasons to shop at Morrisons" strap line, replaced with "Fresh choice for you". In 2010 this was replaced by "Eat Fresh. Pay less." This was later changed again in 2013 to "More of what matters". It also involved the replacement of external signage, with the previous Morrisons signs being retained alongside the new logo, as well as changes to product packaging, point of sale, advertising, staff uniforms (replacing the old blue ties and bows with green ones) and distribution vehicles. The rationale behind the decision was the need for Morrisons to attract a wider national customer base, capitalising on its expanded geographical spread following the acquisition of Safeway.[75]

Loyalty card

The Morrisons Match & More card price matched the chain's customers' comparable grocery shopping in store and online with Aldi, Lidl, Tesco, Sainsbury’s and Asda. If customers spent £15 or more and could have paid less for their comparable groceries, Morrisons automatically gave them the difference in points on their card at the checkout. For 1p difference in the cost of shopping, customers got 10 Match points - and for £1 difference they got 1,000 points. The difference was calculated at the checkout on national brands and comparable own label products and fresh food, even those that are on promotion elsewhere.[76]

Distribution

Morrisons distribution centre, Bridgwater, Somerset

In 2005 Morrisons purchased part of the collapsed Rathbones Bakeries, which supplied Morrisons bread, for £15.5 million.[77]

In 2007, Morrisons opened a new Distribution Centre in Swindon[78] and announced that it had bought a new site on Junction 23 of the M5 in Bridgwater in Somerset, for redevelopment as a fresh produce packing facility.[18]

In 2011 Morrisons opened a new 767,500 sq/foot distribution centre in Bridgwater as part of the £11 million redevelopment project. This project also created 1,200 new jobs.[79][80] The opening of the new distribution centre meant that the Swindon depot was no longer required and it was closed in December 2011.[81]

Criticism

Alcohol sales controversy

Morrisons former store in Consett, County Durham, originally a Safeway. This was replaced with a new build store in November 2012.
Morrisons in Vale Road, Tunbridge Wells (a former Safeway store)
Morrisons M local, Church Street, Liverpool

Since 2007, Morrisons has received some negative publicity over alcohol sales and the implementation of its policy that anyone who appears to be 25 or under and is purchasing alcohol must prove that they are above the legal drinking age. First, the BBC reported in September 2007 that a Morrisons store in West Kirby, Wirral, had refused to sell two bottles of wine to a 72-year-old man because he refused to confirm that he was over 18.[82] Morrisons refused to admit that a mistake had been made, explaining through a spokesman that to "limit any element of doubt staff at the West Kirby store are required to ask anyone buying alcohol to confirm that they are over 18."[82] Next, in September 2009 a Morrisons in Knottingley, West Yorkshire, was caught in a police sting and the company was fined for selling alcohol to a 15-year-old girl.[83]

Two weeks later, The Guardian published an article on Jackie Slater, a woman in her 50s who had been refused a sale of a bottle of wine while shopping with her 17-year-old daughter.[84] Again Morrisons stood by the store's action, explaining through a spokesman that "stores are unable to sell an alcoholic product to a customer they believe could be buying for a minor or for someone who is unable to prove their age."[84]

The checkout assistant involved in the incident told The Guardian that she would have been allowed to buy the wine had she been shopping with younger children.[84] This prompted Leeds North West MP Greg Mulholland to comment that "Morrisons should be ashamed of themselves" and that "Whoever thinks this policy will do anything to stop antisocial drinking by kids is in cloud-cuckoo-land."[84]

Advertising

Potentially harmful dog feeding

In December 2012 a television advertising campaign which showed a child giving a dog pieces of Christmas pudding was criticised by the British Veterinary Association and the Kennel Club. Christmas pudding contains ingredients which can be harmful to dogs which led to concern that the behaviour in the clip could be copied with detrimental consequences for animals. A spokesman for Morrisons stated that it had sought veterinary advice before the shoot, at which a vet was present. Advice given was that "...there would be minimal, if any, risk to a dog of serious toxic reaction should a small amount, in relation to its body weight, of Christmas cake or pudding be consumed on a one-off basis.”[85]

Unauthorised use of Angel of the North

In May 2014, Morrisons projected an image of a baguette onto the Angel of the North. The sculpture's designer, Antony Gormley, said, "I'd rather the Angel is not used for such purposes".[86] Morrisons later apologised.[87]

Inaccurate claim of support for British farmers

Following a well publicised crash in UK milk prices Morrison's launched UK flag branded milk labelled 'For Farmers’ promising an extra £0.23 per carton. In fact the money went to a Scandinavian co-op group and only one quarter of money went to UK farmers.[88]

  • In Charlie Higson's post-apocalyptic young adult horror novel The Enemy (2009), a group of children finds refuge in Morrisons supermarket in London, after a worldwide sickness has infected adults turning them into something akin to zombies. They later join forces with a rival group of children who had found refuge in Waitrose.

See also

References

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