Voiced bilabial nasal: Difference between revisions

IPA Number	114
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X-SAMPA	m
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Revision as of 22:28, 14 August 2008

The bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is m, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is m. The bilabial nasal occurs in English, and it is the sound represented by "m" in map and rum.

It occurs nearly universally, and few languages (e.g., Mohawk) are known to lack this sound.

Features

Features of the bilabial nasal:

Its manner of articulation is stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips,
Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Arabic	Standard^[1]	مطابخ	[mɒˈtˤɒːbiχ]	'kitchens'	See Arabic phonology
Armenian		իմ	[im]	'my'
Catalan^[2]		immens	[imˈmɛns]	'huge'	See Catalan phonology
Chinese	Mandarin	母親/mǔqīn	[mu˨˩ tɕʰin˥]	'mother'	See Standard Mandarin
Czech		muž	[mʊʃ]	'man'	See Czech phonology
Dutch^[3]		mond	[mɔnt]	'mouth'	See Dutch phonology
English		him	[hɪm]	'him'	See English phonology
Finnish		minä	[ˈminæ]	'I'	See Finnish phonology
French^[4]		manger	[mɑ̃ʒe]	'to eat'	See French phonology
Georgian^[5]		სამი	[ˈsɑmi]	'three'
German		rühmen	[ˈʁyːmən]	'to praise'	See German phonology
Greek		μάζα	[ˈmaza]	'clump'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hindi		मकान	[məkaːn]	'house'	See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian		ma	[mɒ]	'today'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian^[6]		mamma	[ˈmamma]	'mamma'	See Italian phonology
Japanese^[7]		乾杯/kampai	[kampai]	'a toast'	See Japanese phonology
Korean		엄마/eomma	[ʌmma]	'mommy'	See Korean phonology
Maltese		ilma	[ilma]	'water'
Norwegian		mamma	[ˈmɑmːɑ]	'mom'	See Norwegian phonology
Pirahã		baíxi	[màíʔì]	'parent'	allophone of /b/
Polish^[8]		masa	[ˈmasa]^ⓘ	'mass'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese^[9]		mato	[ˈmatu]	'I kill'	See Portuguese phonology
Russian^[10]		муж	[muʂ]	'husband'	Contrasts with palatalized version. See Russian phonology
Serbian		милина/milina	[milina]	'enjoyment'
Spanish^[11]		grumete	[gɾuˈme̞te̞]	'cabin boy'	See Spanish phonology
Swahili		miti	[ˈmiti]	'trees'
Swedish		mask	[mask]	'worm'	See Swedish phonology
Tsez		мец	[mɛ̝t͡s]	'language, tongue'
Turkish		benim	[benim]	'mine'	See Turkish phonology
Vietnamese		me	[mɛ]	'mom; tamarind'	See Vietnamese phonology

References

^ Thelwall (1990:37)
^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
^ Okada (1991:94)
^ Jassem (2003:103)
^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
^ Padgett (2003:42)
^ Martínez-Celdrán et al (2003:255)

Bibliography

[1] Thelwall (1990:37)

[2] Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)

[3] Gussenhoven (1992:45)

[4] Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)

[5] Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)

[6] Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)

[7] Okada (1991:94)

[8] Jassem (2003:103)

[9] Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)

[10] Padgett (2003:42)

[11] Martínez-Celdrán et al (2003:255)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

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[11]

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ! colspan="2"|Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
 |-
-| align="center"| [[Arabic language|Arabic]]||align="center"|[[Modern Standard Arabic|Standard]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Thelwall|1990|p=37}}</ref> ||align="center"|  [[Arabic alphabet|مطابخ]] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[mɑtˤɑːˈbix]}}||align="center"|'kitchens' ||  See [[Arabic phonology]]
+| align="center"| [[Arabic language|Arabic]]||align="center"|[[Modern Standard Arabic|Standard]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Thelwall|1990|p=37}}</ref> ||align="center"|  [[Arabic alphabet|مطابخ]] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[mɒˈtˤɒːbiχ]}}||align="center"|'kitchens' ||  See [[Arabic phonology]]
 |-
 | colspan="2" align="center"| [[Armenian language|Armenian]] ||align="center"|  [[Armenian alphabet|ի'''մ''']] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[im]}}||align="center"|'my'||
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 | colspan="2" align="center"| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}}</ref> ||align="center"|  [[Portuguese orthography|'''''m'''ato'']] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[ˈmatu]}}||align="center"|  'I kill'||  See [[Portuguese phonology]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center"| [[Russian language|Russian]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Padgett|2003|p=42}}</ref> ||align="center"|  [[Russian orthography|'''м'''уж]] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[muʂ]}}||align="center"|  'husband'||  Contrasts with [[palatalization|palatalized]] version.  See [[Russian phonology]]
+| colspan="2" align="center"| [[Russian language|Russian]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Padgett|2003|p=42}}</ref> ||align="center"|  [[Russian orthography|'''м'''уж]] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[muʂ]}}||align="center"|  'husband'||  Contrasts with [[palatalization|palatalized]] version. See [[Russian phonology]]
 |-
 | colspan="2" align="center"| [[Serbian language|Serbian]] ||align="center"|  [[Cyrillic alphabet|'''м'''илина]]/[[Latin alphabet|'''''m'''ilina'']] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[milina] }}||align="center"|  'enjoyment'||
@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 |-
 | colspan="2" align="center"| [[Swedish language|Swedish]] ||align="center"|  [[Swedish alphabet|'''''m'''ask'' ]] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[mask]}}||align="center"|  'worm'||  See [[Swedish phonology]]
+|-
+| colspan="2" align="center"| [[Tsez language|Tsez]] ||align="center"|  [[Cyrillic alphabet|'''м'''ец]] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[mɛ̝t͡s]}}||align="center"|  'language, tongue'||
 |-
 | colspan="2" align="center"| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] ||align="center"|  [[Turkish alphabet|''beni'''m''''' ]] ||align="center"|  {{IPA|[benim]}}||align="center"|  'mine'|| See [[Turkish phonology]]
@@ Line 222: / Line 224: @@
 [[it:Nasale bilabiale]]
 [[lv:Bilabiāls nazāls līdzskanis]]
+[[li:Bilabiaal nasaal]]
 [[ja:両唇鼻音]]
 [[pl:Spółgłoska nosowa dwuwargowa]]

Revision as of 22:28, 14 August 2008

Features

Occurrence

See also

References

Bibliography