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BYD Auto
Native name
比亚迪汽车
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryElectric automotive
Founded2003; 21 years ago (2003)
FounderWang Chuanfu
Headquarters
Xi'an, Shaanxi
,
China
Area served
Worldwide
ProductsAutomobiles
Buses
Electric bicycle
Truck
Forklift
Rechargeable batteries
Production output
Increase 3,339,000 vehicles (sales, 2022)[1]
RevenueCNY 324.7 billion (2022)[2]
CNY 9.88 billion (2022)[2][3][4]
ParentBYD Company
SubsidiariesDenza
Shenzhen BYD Auto Co. Ltd.
Changsha BYD Auto Co. Ltd.
Shaoguan BYD Auto Co. Ltd.
BYD Auto Sales Co., Ltd.
BYD. Mitsubishi Motors Co.Ltd (Wesing Motors)
Yangwang
FANG CHENG BAO (方程豹)[5]
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese比亚迪汽车
Traditional Chinese比亞迪汽車
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinBǐyàdí Qìchē
Websitewww.bydauto.com.cn (Chinese)
www.byd.com (English)
Electric BYD bus at a terminal in Landskrona, Sweden

BYD Auto Co., Ltd. is the automotive subsidiary of the publicly listed Chinese multinational manufacturing company BYD Co. Ltd.,[6] headquartered in Xi'an, Shaanxi province.[7] It was founded in January 2003, following BYD's acquisition of Qinchuan Automobile Company in 2002.[8] The company produces passenger cars, buses, trucks, electric bicycles, forklifts and electric vehicle batteries. BYD's current range of automobile models includes battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and the company also produced petrol engine vehicles up until March 2022.[9]

BYD Auto overtook Tesla in June 2022 as the world's largest electric vehicle manufacturer, announcing it had sold about 641,000 EV's (including PHEVS) in the first half of 2022,[10] while still trailing Tesla in the number of BEVs sold.[11][12] Later in 2022, it became the first carmaker in China to build one million new energy vehicles, a term used in China to describe plug-in electric vehicles (BEVs and PHEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), in a single year.[13] In August 11, 2023, BYD celebrated the historic milestone of 5 million NEVs sold in the company's history.[14]

As of 2021, BYD was the fourth largest plug-in electric vehicle (PIEV) and the fourth largest BEV manufacturer in the world, with 9.1% and 7% global market share, respectively.[15] By the second half of 2023, the company has become the largest PIEV and the second largest BEV manufacturer in the world,[16] with 21.4% and 15% global market share, respectively.[17] The company has mainly based its sales in Mainland China but is undertaking rapid expansion into global markets such as European Union, Southeast Asia and Latin America, with sales hitting over 100,000 per month in March 2022, and was expecting to sell between 1.5 million to 2 million plug-in EVs in 2022, around 3 to 4 times the volume compared to 2021.[18] In 2023, BYD has set goals to reach 3 million sales by the end of the year.[19]

BYD Auto has an electric battery division, FinDreams Battery, which is the world's third largest producer of electric vehicle batteries with a global market share of 12% in the first half of 2022, and a focus mainly on lithium iron phosphate batteries.[20] In 2023, FinDreams established a joint venture with Huaihai Holding Group, a company best known for producing electric tricycles and electric scooters, intending to establish themselves as the world’s largest supplier of sodium-ion batteries.[21]

Name

In English, BYD officially stands for "Build Your Dreams"[22], but founder Wang Chuanfu has previously variously stated that the name is an acronym of the Chinese pinyin name Bǐyàdí[22], that it has no specific meaning, and (jokingly) that it stands for "Bring Your Dollars".[23]

History

BYD Dolphin
The BYD stand at the 2009 Central China High-Tech Fair in Shenzhen

BYD Co Ltd founded the wholly-owned subsidiary BYD Auto in 2003, after acquiring the Qinchuan Machinery Works from Norinco in 2002 and raising HK$1.6 billion on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.[24][25][26] The acquisition may have been made solely to acquire the passenger car production license held by the purchased company.[27] Qinchuan had been manufacturing cars since 1987, when the company began production of the 0.5 L (30.5 cu in) QJC7050 model.[28] At the time of the acquisition, its QCJ7181 Flyer was in production, which from 2005 was rebadged to the "BYD Flyer."

In 2008, a plug-in hybrid version of the BYD F3 compact sedan was introduced, the world's first production model plug-in hybrid car.[29][30] In September of that year, Berkshire Hathaway took a HK$1.8 billion stake (US$232 million) in the parent company through Sino-American Energy Holdings.[26][31][32]

BYD's total car sales in 2009 were 448,400 vehicles, and the BYD F3 was the best-selling sedan in China that year.[30][33] In the same year, BYD began the export of its cars to Africa, South America, and the Middle East, where the cars competed on price, not quality.[34]

In 2012, the city government of Shenzhen purchased 500 BYD e6 cars for use as taxis.[35] A total of 506,189 passenger cars were sold in China in 2013, making it the tenth-largest selling brand.[36]

In 2013, BYD was awarded The Top Crash Facility Award of the year 2013.[37]

In 2014, the BYD Qin plug-in hybrid compact sedan, the first model of BYD's new "Dynasty Series", had total sales of 14,747 (plus a relatively small number of sales in Latin America),[38][39] In 2015, sales of the Qin increased to 31,898[40] and it was the 88th highest selling sedan in China.[41] In 2016, the BYD Tang plug-in hybrid SUV had 31,405 sales, the plug-in hybrid version of the Qin compact sedan had 21,868 sales, and the BYD e6 electric compact MPV had 20,605 sales.[42] By 2016, total sales of the Qin reached 68,655 cars.[42][43]

BYD US Headquarters in Los Angeles

In 2015, the company was planning to open factories in Brazil to produce electric cars and buses.[44] In July 2015, exports to Russia were suspended, due to the Russo-Ukrainian War and the falling value of the Russian currency.[45] BYD was the highest-selling brand of highway-legal light-duty plug-in electric vehicles (combined sales for plug-in hybrids and battery electric cars),[46] with 61,772 passenger vehicles sold, mostly plug-in hybrids.[47] BYD continued as the world's top-selling plug-in car manufacturer in 2016 with over 100,000 units sold, up 64% from 2015. BYD sold more than 100,000 new energy passenger cars in China in 2016. The BYD Tang crossover SUV was the top-selling plug-in car in China in 2016 with 31,405 units delivered.

BYD achieved top rankings in the 2015 J.D. Power Quality Study.[48]

Logo used during 2003-2008

In September 2016, the company became the third-largest manufacturer of plug-in cars, with a total of 161,000 plug-in cars produced since 2008.[49] Also, in September 2016, the company introduced a range of electric sanitation truck models, to be used in Beijing.[50]

Since 2017, BYD has been negatively impacted by a reduction of subsidies granted by the Chinese government.[51][52][53][54]

In May 2020, BYD announced that it would start expanding in Europe, starting with Norway. BYD's launch will consist of the BYD Tang and a range of commercial vehicles.[55] However, Australia also announced that there will be 2,000 BYD electric vehicles in the fleet as part of the new taxi operator ETaxiCo. The fleet will be operated from three sites in the Northern Beaches Council area as part of a six-month trial, When the program launches – which is at this current time planned for following months depending on COVID-19 factors – it will be using 15 specially-fitted e6 electric compact SUVs that have been imported by Nexport, with plans to expand the fleet to 120 by August.[56] It is expected to be reach the goal of up to 2,000 vehicles in the fleet by the end of 2021.

BYD will deliver a total of 1,002 electric buses to Bogota, the capital city of Colombia, by mid-2022,[57] after winning a contract for 406 electric buses in January 2021.[58]

On April 4, 2022, BYD announced that it had stopped the production of all automobiles powered only by gasoline engines, with the final gasoline model rolling off the assembly line in March 2022, and will turn its focus to manufacturing innovative high-tech battery electric and plug-in hybrid cars and trucks. It will continue to produce and supply the components for existing BYD internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles so as to continually provide comprehensive service and after-sales support to existing customers.[9]

In June 2022, BYD Auto announced that it had sold about 641,000 EV's in the first half of 2022, overtaking Tesla to become the largest EV manufacturer in the world.[10]

In July 2022, BYD announced that electric vehicles will be sold to Japan from 2023.[59] On 5 December 2022, it was reported that the Atto 3 would be among the vehicles included in the lineup for the Japanese market.[60]

In August 2022, BYD x Rêver Automotive announced that electric vehicles will be sold to Thailand from 10 October 2022.[61]

In July 2023, BYD announced an investment of US$ 600 millions in Brazil until 2025. It will acquire, modernize and increase production of Ford's abandoned car plant in Camaçari, Bahia State, to build up to 300,000 hybrid and electric cars per year by 2025. In the same site, BYD will install two new industrial plants: one for the production of electric bus/truck platforms and one for processing lithium and iron phosphate ores, for battery production in BYD China's facilities.[62] The announcement was received with immense expectations by Brazilian specialized media, as by 2023 no full electric cars are build in the country and all basic imported models are extremely expensive even for the upper classes.[63][64][65]

BYD Design Center

In 2019, BYD launched its global design center, which is led by a team of industry veterans from Audi, Ferrari, and Mercedes-Benz. Leading the team is Wolfgang Egger. The carmaker unveiled its E-SEED GT, the first joint effort from the new design team, at the Auto Shanghai industry show in April 2019. The futuristic design concept reflects the sleek lines of the Chinese dragon, and the company plans to feature more Chinese cultural symbols in future models.[66] At the present time, the Chinese corporation has over 190,000 individuals working for it all over the globe and generates approximately $9.1 billion in revenue. The production of mobile phone batteries was where the firm got its start, but they swiftly expanded their offerings to include original equipment manufacturer (OEM) phones for the information technology sector.[67]

Technologies

DM (dual mode) hybrid

The BYD DM hybrid technology was first introduced in the late 2000s, on vehicles such as the BYD F3DM and BYD M3 DM. It consisted of a conventional ICE engine and transmission as well as an electric motor and batteries.[68] It has since been replaced by DM-i and DM-p technology.

DM-i / DM-p

In 2020, BYD released DM-i and DM-p designs to replace the original DM technology, where DM-i is for efficiency-oriented front-wheel drive models and DM-p is for performance-oriented all-wheel drive models. The new-generation models use a series-parallel plug-in hybrid technology with a dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT),[69] consisting of a high-efficiency gasoline engine (Xiaoyun) (which can power an electric generator) and a main electric motor (which can be powered by both batteries and an electric generator). The Xiaoyun engine uses the Atkinson cycle, has an ultra-high compression ratio (CR) of 15.5, and has a Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of 43%, the highest in the world for a production gasoline engine.[70]

Depending on the scenario, the hybrid drivetrain will use different components to provide driving power, including battery-only mode, battery + electrical generator mode, engine only mode (only available at high speeds due to lack of transmission), and battery + engine mode. The engine will also provide charge to the batteries via the generator when conditions permit. The design allows the engine RPM to always remain within its high efficiency zone.[70]

DM-i is currently available with three power levels, codenamed EHS132, EHS145, and EHS160, using 1.5L, 1.5L or 1.5T, 1.5T Xiaoyun engines respectively.[71]

e-Platform 3.0

BYD Atto 3

The e-Platform 3.0 is a new modular car platform unveiled in 2021. It is a platform specialised for only battery electric vehicles (BEVs), unlike previous vehicle platforms which had to make design compromises for the hybrid vehicle drivetrains of its DM ("dual mode", i.e. plug-in hybrid) variants. Standard improvements include better integration of BYD's proprietary blade battery technology with an improved pure electric frame structure with doubled torsional stiffness, a newly upgraded 8-in-1 module for the drive system improving efficiency, a direct cooling and heating system for the battery pack (utilising residual heat from surroundings, powertrain, passenger compartment, and even the battery itself) to increase thermal efficiency by up to 20%, and shorter front overhangs, lower body profile, and a longer wheelbase to improve aerodynamics (0.21 cd).

The platform enables all-electric ranges exceeding 1,000 km (620 mi), with 800-volt fast charging technology for a range up to 150 km (93 mi) after 5-minutes of charging and allows an all wheel drive (AWD) system with 0-100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration of 2.9 seconds, though not all cars designed with this platform will reach this max performance.[72] It also allows for the use of cell-to-body (CTB) battery integration.[73] CTB replaces the previous cell-to-pack (CTP) technology which had been launched by Contemporary Amperex Technology and then dismissed by them in 2019.[74]

The first car designed using this platform was the Yuan Plus (also known as "Atto 3" in global markets),[75][76] followed by all electric cars in the new "Ocean Series" such as the Dolphin (also known as "Atto 2") and Seal (also known as "Atto 4").

Current products

Personal vehicles

E-Series

BYD e3

Source:[77]

Dynasty Series

BYD Han

The Dynasty Series (王朝系列) started in August 2013 with the launch of the plug-in hybrid (PHEV) variant of the petrol-engined BYD Surui, the BYD Qin. The BYD Qin replaced the aging BYD F3DM,[78][79] and quickly became the best-selling electric vehicle of early 2014.[80] BYD followed the Qin with the launch of BYD Tang in 2015. This series marked the formal transition of BYD's focus into developing new energy vehicles.

Ocean Series

BYD Seal / Atto 4

The Ocean Series (海洋系列) is a series of plug-in electric vehicles based on the Ocean-X, BYD's new mid-size performance car design concept.[81] The series includes two vehicle lines, one being pure electric vehicles named after sea animals; the other being plug-in hybrid electric vehicles named after naval ships.[82][83]

Commercial Vehicles

Transit buses

BYD K8A, K9FE, C9, C8, K6, T8SA, T3
Main article: BYD K series
  • BYD K6 electric bus (7m/23 ft)[84]
  • BYD K7 (K7M) electric bus (8m/26 ft)[84]
  • BYD K8 electric bus (10.5m/35 ft)[84]
  • BYD K9 (K9M and K9S) electric bus (12m/40 ft)[84]
  • BYD K10 electric bus (double decker, 10m/32 ft)[84]
  • BYD K11 electric bus (articulated, 18m/60 ft)[84]
  • BYD B series, successor for the K series.

Coaches

BYD C9
  • BYD C6 electric coach (7m/23 ft)[84]
  • BYD C7 electric coach (7.9m/26 ft)
  • BYD C8 electric coach (10.5m/35 ft)[84]
  • BYD C9 electric coach (12m/40 ft)[84]
  • BYD C10 electric coach (14m/45 ft)[84]

Taxis

Vans

Trucks

BYD T8 street sweeper truck
  • BYD T5 (Class 5 electric truck)[87]
  • BYD T7 (Class 6 electric truck)[87]
  • BYD T8 (Class 8 electric truck)
  • BYD T10 (Class 8 electric truck)
  • BYD 8TT (Class 8 electric semi-truck)
  • BYD Q1M / BYD 8Y (Class 8 Terminal tractor)[87][88][89]

Utilities

  • BYD J9G (electric garbage truck)

Construction

  • BYD J9C (electric concrete mixer truck)

Logistics

  • BYD J9D (electric container port drayage truck)

Mining

Former models

Logo used until 2021
  • BYD F3
    BYD F3
  • BYD Surui
    BYD Surui
  • BYD G3
    BYD G3

Facilities

Main article: List of BYD facilities

BYD Auto is an EV producer with the world's highest degree of vertical integration.[91] Industrial facilities consist of two manufacturing plants in Xi'an, an R&D center and manufacturing plant in Shenzhen (the headquarters of BYD Co Ltd), a manufacturing plant in Changsha, Hunan province, a manufacturing plant in Shaoguan, Guangdong province, and an R&D center and parts plant in Shanghai.[92] Construction of a third manufacturing plant in Xi'an resumed in 2011, following the company being fined for illegal land use.[93]

Manufacturing plants for electric buses opened in Dalian, Liaoning province in late 2014[94] and Lancaster, California in May 2013.[95][96] A factory was inaugurated in Campinas, Brazil in 2015 for the production of electric buses.[97] A bus plant was opened in 2019 in Newmarket, Ontario to handle orders in Canada.[98] BYD also has an European electric bus assembly facility in Komárom, Hungary.[99] On July 4, 2023, BYD announced they would invest $620 million in a new industrial complex in Camaçari, Brazil to produce electric cars after acquiring Ford's former plant in the region that was closed down in 2021.[100][101]

Joint ventures and Subsidiaries

Denza

Main article: Denza

In May 2010, the Shenzhen BYD Daimler New Technology Co., Ltd., trading as "Denza" was established with Daimler AG[102] to produce luxury electric vehicles.[103] The Denza 500 model is based on the previous generation Mercedes-Benz B-Class.[104] On December 24, 2021, Daimler announced that it'll be reducing its share on Denza from 50% to 10% via equity transfer,[105] making BYD the biggest shareholder.

Toyota joint venture

BYD and Toyota announced a partnership to jointly develop BEVs in July 2019.[106] In April 2020, the partnership was formalized as a joint venture.[107] The partnership was reportedly instigated after Toyota executives were impressed by the value, design, and quality of the BYD Tang hybrid.[108]

The joint venture is called BYD Toyota EV Technology Co., Ltd., with head offices in Shenzhen, China.

Yangwang

Main article: Yangwang

Yangwang (仰望, "gazing" or "envy") is a new luxury car division by BYD and is positioned to rival the likes of Mercedes Benz, Audi, BMW, Lexus and other luxury car brands. The brand was first announced on January 5, 2023 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, along with its first model, the U8 off-road SUV, which features BYD's proprietary individual wheel drive technology named "e4".

Currently, Yangwang has two models announced:

FangChengBao

FangChengBao (方程豹, "formula leopard") is a new NEV division by BYD and is positioned to produce professional and "personalized" vehicles, with products covering off-road and track-focused vehicles. The brand was first announced on June 9, 2023.[109]

On August 16, 2023, FangChengBao released its first model, the Leopard 5, with two more models due to be released in the future. The Leopard 5 subsequently debuted in the Chengdu Auto Show.

  • Leopard 3 (豹3) compact off-road SUV (upcoming)
  • Leopard 5 (豹5) medium off-road SUV
  • Leopard 8 (豹8) full-size off-road SUV (upcoming)

Alexander Dennis

BYD have supplied electric bus chassies to Alexander Dennis who have built their Enviro200EV single-deck and Enviro400EV double-deck products on them.

Sales

In 2010, BYD sold a total of 519,800 vehicles, representing 2.9% of the market in China and the sixth largest manufacturer.[92][110] In 2011, the BYD sales rank was outside the top ten.[111] In 2012, the company became the 9th largest car manufacturer in China, producing over 600,000 vehicles.[112]

The majority of vehicles are sold within China; however export markets include Bahrain, the Dominican Republic,[113][114] Ukraine,[115] and Moldova.[116]

The North American headquarters opened in Los Angeles in 2011.[117] As of 2013 BYD Auto sells the e6 and Electric Bus in the United States as fleet vehicles only. BYD has supplied the Los Angeles Metro system with buses since 2015.

BYD has made over 440,000 sales in China in the first quarter of 2023, making it the best-selling car brand in China for the first time, surpassing Volkswagen.[118]

BYD global sales[119]
Year Total BYD Denza
2010 521,761 521,761 -
2011 454,676 454,676 -
2012 462,512 462,512 -
2013 514,188 514,188 -
2014 446,329 446,329 -
2015 451,868 449,068 2,800
2016 510,157 507,870 2,287
2017 421,158 416,445 4,713
2018 528,298 526,324 1,974
2019 467,960 465,871 2,089
2020 431,447 427,302 4,175
2021 749,325 744,617 4,708
2022 1,881,669 1,871,866 9,803

Lawsuits and controversies

Main article: BYD Company § Lawsuits and controversies

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to BYD Auto.

References

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