2024 United States presidential election
 | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 2024 electoral map, based on the results of the 2020 census | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
.jpg)
 2024 U.S. presidential election | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Democratic Party | |
| Republican Party | |
| Third parties | |
| Related races | |
| |
The 2024 United States presidential election will be the 60th quadrennial presidential election, set to be held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024.[1] Voters will elect a president and vice president for a term of four years. Incumbent President Joe Biden, a member of the Democratic Party, is running for re-election.[2] His predecessor Donald Trump, a member of the Republican Party, is running for re-election for a second, nonconsecutive term.[3] This will mark the seventh presidential rematch in American history and the first since 1956. If Trump wins, he would become the second president to serve a nonconsecutive term, the first being Grover Cleveland.
The winner of this election is scheduled to be inaugurated on January 20, 2025. It will occur at the same time as elections relating to the U.S. Senate, House, gubernatorial, and state legislative. On March 12, Biden and Trump became the presumptive nominees for the Democratic and Republican parties respectively by clinching a majority of delegates, although they have yet to be confirmed at the nominating conventions.[4] Robert F. Kennedy Jr. emerged as the first major third-party presidential candidate since Ross Perot[5] in the 1992 and 1996 elections, running as an independent.[6] His polling is at the highest levels for a candidate outside the two major parties since Ross Perot in 1992.[7][8] On March 26, 2024, The Wall Street Journal announced from sources that Kennedy had chosen Nicole Shanahan as his running mate.[9]
Abortion,[10][11] immigration, healthcare,[12] education,[13] the economy,[14] foreign policy,[15] border security,[16] LGBT rights,[17] climate change,[18] and democracy[19][20][21] are expected to be leading campaign issues.
Background
Procedure
Article Two of the United States Constitution states that for a person to serve as president, the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, be at least 35 years old, and have been a United States resident for at least 14 years. The Twenty-second Amendment forbids any person from being elected president more than twice. Major party candidates seek the nomination through a series of primary elections that select the delegates who choose the candidate at the party's national convention. Each party's national convention chooses a vice presidential running mate to form that party's ticket. The nominee for president usually picks the running mate, who is then ratified by the delegates at the party's convention.
The general election in November is an indirect election, in which voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors then directly elect the president and vice president.[22]
Election offices are dealing with increased workloads and public scrutiny, so officials in many key states have sought for more funds to hire more personnel, improve security, and extend training. This demand emerges at a moment when numerous election offices are dealing with an increase in retirements and a flood of public record demands, owing in part to the electoral mistrust planted by former President Donald Trump's loss in the 2020 election. Both Biden and Trump are running for president in 2024, suggesting a potential rematch of the 2020 election, which would be the first presidential rematch since 1956.[23] If Trump is elected, he would become the second president to win a second non-consecutive term, joining Grover Cleveland who did so in 1892.[24]
The Colorado Supreme Court,[25] a state Circuit Court in Illinois,[26] and the Secretary of State of Maine[27] ruled that Trump is ineligible to hold office under Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution for his role in the January 6 Capitol attack, and as such, attempted to disqualify him from appearing on the ballot.[28][27] However, on March 4, the United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states cannot determine eligibility for a national election under Section 3.[29]
Election interference
Donald Trump did not concede to Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election, citing false claims of voter fraud, and has continued denying the election results as of February 2024[update].[30][31] Election security experts have warned that officials who deny the legitimacy of the 2020 presidential election may attempt to impede the voting process or refuse to certify the 2024 election results.[32]
Polling before the election has indicated profound dissatisfaction with the state of American democracy.[33][34][35] Liberals tend to believe that conservatives are threatening the country with autocratic tendencies and their attempts to overturn the 2020 election.[36] Many Republicans are concerned with attempts to prevent former President Trump from holding public office by any means necessary, including impeachment and indictment.[37]
Electoral map
Effects of the 2020 census
This will be the first U.S. presidential election to occur after the reapportionment of votes in the United States Electoral College following the 2020 United States census.[38][39] If the results of the 2020 election were to stay the same (which has never occurred in the history of presidential elections) in 2024, Democrats would have 303 electoral votes against the Republicans' 235, a slight change from Biden's 306 electoral votes and Trump's 232, meaning that Democrats lost a net of 3 electoral votes to the reapportionment process. This apportionment of electoral college votes will remain only through the 2028 election. Reapportionment will be conducted again after the 2030 United States census.[40]
Historical background
In recent presidential elections, most states are not competitive due to demographics keeping them solidly behind one of the major parties. Because of the nature of the Electoral College, this means that the various swing states — competitive states that "swing" between the Democratic and Republican parties — are vital to winning the presidency. As of now, these include states in the Rust Belt, such as Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, and states in the Sun Belt, such as Nevada, Arizona, and Georgia.[41] North Carolina may also be considered a battleground state, due to the close result in the previous presidential election, in which Trump only won by 1.34%.[42] Due to gradual demographic shifts, some former swing states such as Iowa, Ohio and Florida have shifted significantly towards the Republicans, favoring them in future statewide and local elections. Meanwhile, states like Colorado, New Mexico and Virginia have moved noticeably towards the Democrats, and the party has become the dominant political force there.[43][44][45]
The Democratic electoral coalition, securing the "blue states" for Democratic presidential candidates, performs best among Jewish and Black voters;[46][47] Whites who have attended college[48] or live in urban areas.[49] Working class voters were also a mainstay of the Democratic coalition since the days of the New Deal, but since the 1970s, many have defected to Republicans as the Democratic Party moved significantly to the left on cultural issues.[50] Conversely, the traditional Republican coalition that dominates many "red states" is mainly composed of rural White voters, evangelicals, the elderly, and non-college educated voters.[51] Republicans have also historically performed well with suburban, middle class voters since the 1950s, but this bloc has drifted away from them in recent years due to the rise of the Tea Party movement and later the Make America Great Again movement.[52] The acceleration of this trend has been credited with tipping the 2020 presidential election in favor of Democrat Joe Biden, because the incumbent Trump was historically unpopular in the suburbs for a Republican candidate, underperforming there significantly.[53]
Some polling for this election has indicated that Democratic strength among Hispanic, Asian, Arab, and youth voters appears to have somewhat eroded, while Republicans' durability with Whites and voters over the age of 65 also appears to be slipping.[54][55][56][57][58] However, some political analysts[59] have argued that these apparent trends in polling are not representative of the actual electorate, and are a polling mirage resulting from poor sampling months before the election, large numbers of voters who do not think the election will be between Biden and Trump,[60] and heavy non-response bias.[61][62][63][64] Other pollsters, such as YouGov, have shown no statistically significant generational or racial depolarization among the electorate.[65][66]
Independent and third-party voting
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has drawn support among independent and anti-establishment voters disillusioned with mainstream American politics, winning a plurality among youth and independents in polls taken by Siena College Research Institute and Quinnipiac University[67][68] His polling is at the highest levels for a candidate outside the two major parties since Ross Perot in 1992.[7][8] On March 26, 2024, The Wall Street Journal announced from sources that Kennedy had chosen entrepreneur Nicole Shanahan as his running mate.[9]
Other third-party candidates include socialist activist and intellectual Cornel West, who announced a campaign as an independent after initially announcing a run as a People's Party and later a Green Party candidate.[69] Centrist political organization No Labels, which helped create the bipartisan Problem Solvers Caucus in the United States House of Representatives, also said they would consider running a third-party candidate, citing popular polling for such a candidate.[70] Some established third parties, such as the American Solidarity Party, the Prohibition Party, and the Party for Socialism and Liberation have announced presidential nominees, while others, such as the Libertarian Party the Green Party and the Constitution Party have yet to hold their primaries. While independent/third-party candidates often do better in opinion polls than actual election performance,[71] early polling suggests there could be a strong showing for third-party candidates in 2024. Third-party candidates currently have the strongest showing in polls since Ross Perot's high poll numbers in the 1990s.[72]
Campaign issues
Abortion
Abortion access is expected to be a key topic during the campaign. This is the first presidential election to be held in the aftermath of two major court rulings that affected access to abortion. The first is the 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision, in which the United States Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, leaving abortion law entirely to the states, including bans on abortion.[73] The second is the 2023 Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine v. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in which a federal judge in northwest Texas overturned the FDA's approval of mifepristone in 2000, which could potentially pull the medication from the market if upheld by higher courts.[74] Both rulings have received strong support from Republican politicians and lawmakers.[73][74]
Democrats are predominantly supportive of viewing abortion access as a right[75] while Republican politicians generally favor significantly restricting the legality of abortion.[76] By April 2023, a large majority of Republican-controlled states had passed near-total bans on abortion, rendering it "largely illegal" throughout much of the United States. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, there are 15 states that have de jure early stage bans on abortion without exceptions for rape or incest.[73]
Biden has called on Congress to codify abortion protections into federal law, and held many rallies on the issue.[77][78] Trump has claimed credit for overturning Roe but has criticized Republicans pushing for total abortion bans.[79][80]
Border security and immigration
Polling has shown that border security and immigration are among the top issues concerning potential voters in the 2024 presidential election.[81][82] In 2023 and 2024, a surge of migrants entering the country through the United States' border with Mexico occurred.[83] In response to the influx of migrants, Republican controlled states such as Texas and Florida have been busing migrants to major sanctuary cities controlled by Democrats such as New York and Chicago.[84][85]
Donald Trump has stated that if elected, he would increase deportations, send the U.S. military to the border, expand ICE detentions, deputize local law enforcement to handle border security, increase Customs and Border Patrol funding as well as finish building the wall on the southern border.[84] The Biden administration has undertaken a policy of providing temporary protections to migrants from certain countries such as Venezuela, Ukraine, Nicaragua, Cuba and Haiti.[84] In February 2024, Biden and congressional negotiators reached an agreement on a bill to secure the border, but the bill was opposed by Trump. Biden has pushed back on Republican claims that he could secure the border without Congress.[86]
Kennedy has stated that he supports securing the border, including efforts like Operation Lone Star by states in the absence of federal action.[87]
Democracy
Joe Biden has been framing the election as a battle for democracy, which was similar to his framing of contemporary geopolitics as "the battle between democracy and autocracy."[88] Biden's rhetoric previously cited democracy and "a battle for the soul of our nation" as the key message of his 2020 presidential campaign, and uses it as a recurring element in his rhetoric since the 2020 presidential election.[89]
Donald Trump's 2024 campaign has been criticized by the media for making increasingly violent and authoritarian statements,[90][91][92] which some believe the Trump campaign is intentionally leaning into.[93] Trump's previous comments suggesting he can "terminate" the Constitution to reverse his election loss,[94][95] his claim that he would only be a dictator on "day one" of his presidency and not after,[a] his promise to use the Justice Department to go after his political enemies,[102] attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, continued Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election, and Trump's baseless predictions of vote fraud in the 2024 election,[103] have raised concerns over the state of democracy in America.[93][104][105][106]
Democracy is expected to be a large issue in the 2024 election. An AP-NORC poll of 1,074 adults conducted between November 30 to December 4, 2023, found that 62% of adults said democracy could be at risk depending on who wins the next election.[107]
Economic issues
Voters consistently cite economic issues as their top issue for the 2024 election.[108][109][110] The COVID-19 pandemic left behind significant economic effects which are likely to persist into 2024.[111] A period of high inflation began in 2021, caused by a confluence of events including the pandemic and a supply-chain crisis, which was then heightened by economic effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022.[112][113] Opinion polling over Biden's handling of the economy has consistently been negative since late 2021.[114]
Women were particularly affected by the economic downturn in the wake of the pandemic, particularly those who left their work for childcare responsibilities.[115] Temporary childcare measures, including an expanded child tax credit as part of the American Rescue Plan, were introduced as methods designed to help the economic situation of parents, but these would expire before the 2024 election.[116]
Both Biden and Trump signed pieces of economic legislation in their first terms which they may tout in the 2024 campaign.[117] Biden signed the American Rescue Plan,[118] Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act,[119] Inflation Reduction Act,[120] CHIPS and Science Act,[121] and the Fiscal Responsibility Act.[122] Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,[123] the CARES Act,[124] and several executive orders providing for de-regulation.[125]
Education
Under the Biden administration, several rounds of student loan forgiveness have been issued, totaling over $132 billion. The forgiveness has largely focused on public servants, people who were defrauded, and people in repayment for long periods of time.[126] In August 2022, Biden announced he would sign an executive order that would forgive large amounts of student debt, including $10,000 for student loan debt for single graduates making less than $125,000 or married couples making less than $250,000 and $20,000 for recipients of Pell Grants.[127][128] In June 2023, this plan was overturned in the Supreme Court decision Biden v. Nebraska.[129][130] In the aftermath of the decision, Biden has continued with more limited student loan forgiveness.[126] His plans have been criticized by Republicans as irresponsible spending.[131] Biden stated that offering universal pre-kindergarten services as well as caregiver support would be a priority of a second term.[132]
Some Republican candidates saw education as a winning campaign issue. Dozens of states have created laws preventing the instruction of critical race theory, an academic discipline focused on the examination of racial inequality. Supporters of the laws claim that conversations about racial identity are not appropriate for a school environment.[133][134][135] Critics of the laws against critical race theory claim they whitewash American history and act as memory laws to rewrite public memory of U.S. history.[136]
Foreign policy
The ongoing Israel–Hamas war and Russian invasion of Ukraine are expected to be significant issues of the election.[137]
The United States has provided significant military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine throughout the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[138][139][140] Democratic politicians and a significant number of Republican politicians have supported this plan, arguing that the United States has a significant role to play in "protecting democracy and fighting Russian aggression."[141] Some candidates, including Ron DeSantis and Donald Trump, claim that Ukraine and suppressing Russian intervention should not be a significant interest to the United States, and that the plan should be more limited.[142] Vivek Ramaswamy favors ending U.S. military aid to Ukraine and would recognize Russian annexed territories.[143]
During the Israel–Hamas war, Biden announced "unequivocal" military support for Israel, and condemned the actions of Hamas and other Palestinian militants as terrorism.[144] Biden has requested 10.6 billion dollars of aid for Israel to Congress.[145] Biden's support for Israel has been criticized by progressives and Muslim leaders, many of whom have indicated they will not vote for Biden over the war.[146] Kennedy condemned Hamas' attacks on Israeli civilians and declared support for aid to Israel.[147] Trump has given mixed messages on the war, pledging to support Israel and take a tough line on Iran, while also criticizing Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and praising Hezbollah as "very smart."[148][149]
Healthcare issues
Trump has made repealing the Affordable Care Act, better known as Obamacare, a key issue of the 2024 election.[150] The issue of healthcare and drug policy, including whether the United States should shift to a universal healthcare system,[151] and the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to play a key role in the 2024 presidential election.[152] Kennedy has been a prominent anti-vaccine advocate, but according to Deseret News, he has attempted to moderate his anti-vaccine position before the election, stating that he is not against all vaccines.[153] West is running on a platform of Medicare-for-all.[69] Biden has touted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which expanded the Affordable Care Act and included provisions to reduce prescription drug prices for people on Medicare.[154]
LGBT rights
In recent years, conservative politicians in state legislatures have introduced a large and growing number of bills that restrict the rights of LGBT people, especially transgender people.[155][156]
In his term as president, Biden signed the Respect for Marriage Act, which codified protections for same-sex and inter-racial marriage into law. Additionally, he has endorsed the Equality Act, legislation aiming to extend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to offer protection on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation across various domains such as in the workplace, housing, and health care sectors. In 2023, Biden directed the federal government to provide strategies to states on how to enhance access to healthcare and suicide prevention resources for the LGBT community.[157]
In a February 2023 campaign message, Donald Trump said that if reelected, he would enact a federal law that would recognize only two genders and claimed that being transgender is a concept made up by "the radical left."[158]
Democratic Party
On April 25, 2023, President Joe Biden announced his run for re-election, keeping Vice President Kamala Harris as his running mate.[159][160] Consequently, Republicans have intensified their criticism of Harris since Biden declared his intention to run for office.[161] During late 2021, as Biden was facing low approval ratings, there was speculation that he would not seek re-election,[162] and some prominent Democrats (Representatives Carolyn Maloney, Tim Ryan and former Representative Joe Cunningham) publicly urged Biden not to run.[163][164][165] In addition to Biden's unpopularity, many are concerned about his age; he was the oldest person to assume the office at age 78 and would be 82 at the end of his first term. If re-elected, he would be 86 at the end of his second term.[166] According to an NBC poll released in April 2023, 70 percent of Americans—including 51 percent of Democrats—believe Biden should not run for a second term. Almost half said it was because of his age. According to the FiveThirtyEight national polling average, Biden's current approval rating is 41 percent, while 55 percent disapprove.[167] There was also speculation that Biden may face a primary challenge from a member of the Democratic Party's progressive faction.[168][169] After Democrats outperformed expectations in the 2022 midterm elections, many believed the chances that Biden would run for and win his party's nomination had increased.[170]
Author Marianne Williamson announced her candidacy in February 2023, before Biden announced his own candidacy for re-election. Williamson had previously sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020.[171] In April 2023, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. announced his candidacy for the nomination.[172] A member of the Kennedy family, he is an environmental lawyer who engages in promotion of conspiracy theories.[173][174] On October 9, 2023, Kennedy announced that he would be dropping out of the Democratic primary and would instead run as an independent candidate.[175] Representative Dean Phillips announced his run against Biden on October 26.[176]
On March 6, 2024, Philips suspended his campaign after failing to win any primaries the previous night on Super Tuesday. Biden, Palmer, and Williamson remain the only major candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination.[177]
On March 12, 2024, Biden officially became the presumptive Democratic nominee.[178]
Presumptive nominee
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Personal U.S. Senator from Delaware 47th Vice President of the United States Vice presidential campaigns 46th President of the United States Incumbent Tenure   |
||
 | |
|---|---|
| Joe Biden | Kamala Harris |
| for President | for Vice President |
 |
 |
| 46th President of the United States (2021–present) |
49th Vice President of the United States (2021–present) |
Declared candidates
Former candidates
The following candidates have dropped out. They have received substantial major media coverage; are or have been elected to major public office such as president, vice president, governor, U.S. senator or U.S. representative; or have been included in at least five national polls.
| Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal | ||||||||
| Dean Phillips | Robert F. Kennedy Jr. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) |
||||||||
| U.S. Representative from MN-03 (2019–present) |
Environmental lawyer | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Campaign | Campaign | |||||||
| W: March 6, 2024 386,835 votes |
W: October 9, 2023 | |||||||
| [179][177][180] | [181][182] | |||||||
Republican Party
Donald Trump, the then-incumbent president, was defeated by Biden in the 2020 election and is not term-limited to run again in 2024, making him the fifth ex-president to seek a second non-consecutive term. If he wins, Trump would be the second president to win a non-consecutive term, after Grover Cleveland in 1892.[183] Trump filed a statement of candidacy with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) on November 15, 2022, and announced his candidacy in a speech at Mar-a-Lago the same day.[184][185] Trump is considered an early frontrunner for the Republican presidential nomination, following his 2024 campaign announcement on November 15, 2022.[186] Trump announced in March 2022 that if he runs for re-election and wins the Republican presidential nomination, his former vice president Mike Pence will not be his running mate.[187]
In March 2023, Trump was indicted over his hush money payments to adult film actress Stormy Daniels.[188] Trump was again indicted in June over his handling of classified documents which contained materials sensitive to national security. Trump has pleaded not guilty to all the charges related to these indictments.[189][190]
Florida Governor Ron DeSantis was seen as the main challenger to Trump for the Republican nomination; he raised more campaign funds in the first half of 2022 and had more favorable polling numbers than Trump by the end of 2022.[191][192][193] On May 24, 2023, DeSantis announced his candidacy on Twitter in an online conversation with Twitter CEO Elon Musk. "American decline is not inevitable—it is a choice...I am running for president of the United States to lead our great American comeback", DeSantis added. His campaign stated to have raised $1 million in the first hour following the announcement of his candidacy.[194] Speaking on Fox & Friends, he stated that he would "destroy leftism" in the United States.[195] At the end of July 2023, FiveThirtyEight's national polling average of the Republican primaries had Trump at 52 percent, and DeSantis at 15.[196]
Following the Iowa caucuses, in which Trump posted a landslide victory, DeSantis and businessman Vivek Ramaswamy dropped out of the race and endorsed Trump, leaving the former president and Nikki Haley, the former South Carolina governor who served in Trump's cabinet, as the only remaining major candidates.[197][198] Trump continued to win all four early voting contests while Haley's campaign struggled to gain momentum.[199] On March 6, 2024, the day after winning only one primary out of fifteen on Super Tuesday, Haley suspended her campaign. Trump became the only remaining major candidate for the Republican presidential nomination.[200]
On March 12, 2024, Trump officially became the presumptive Republican nominee.[201]
Presumptive nominee
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Business and personal 45th President of the United States Tenure
Impeachments Civil and criminal prosecutions Interactions involving Russia  |
||
.jpg)
 | |
|---|---|
| Donald Trump | TBA |
| for President | for Vice President |
 |
 |
| 45th President of the United States (2017–2021) |
TBA |
Alternate ballot options
| Name | Bound delegates |
Popular vote | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No preference/ None of the above/ Uncommitted |
0 (0%) | 154,815 (0.7%) | |
Former candidates
The following candidates have dropped out; they have received substantial major media coverage; are or have been elected to major public office such as president, vice president, governor, U.S. senator or U.S. representative; or have been included in at least five national polls.
| Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal | ||||||||
| Nikki Haley | Ron DeSantis | Asa Hutchinson | Vivek Ramaswamy | Chris Christie | Doug Burgum | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) |
(crop_-_tilted).jpg) |
 |
 |
_(double_cropped).jpg) |
_(cropped)_2.jpg) | |||
| U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (2017–2018) |
Governor of Florida (2019–present) |
Governor of Arkansas (2015–2023) |
Executive chairman of Strive Asset Management (2022–2023) |
Governor of New Jersey (2010–2018) |
Governor of North Dakota (2016–present) | |||
|
.svg)
|
|
|
|
.png){kind=logo}
| |||
| Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | |||
| W: March 6, 2024 3,816,872 votes 94 delegates |
W: January 21, 2024 319,955 votes 9 delegates |
W: January 16, 2024 21,418 votes |
W: January 15, 2024 86,453 votes 3 delegates |
W: January 10, 2024 116,500 votes |
W: December 4, 2023 492 votes | |||
| [202][203][204] | [205][206][204] | [207][208][204] | [209][197] | [210][211] | [212][213] | |||
| Tim Scott | Mike Pence | Larry Elder | Perry Johnson | Will Hurd | Francis Suarez | |||
_(double_cropped).jpg) |
_(double_cropped).jpg) |
.jpg) |
.jpg) |
 |
.jpg) | |||
| U.S. Senator from South Carolina (2013–present) |
Vice President of the United States (2017–2021) |
Political commentator | Businessman | U.S. Representative from TX-23 (2015–2021) |
Mayor of Miami (2017–present) | |||
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
.svg){kind=spacer} | |||
| Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | Campaign | |||
| W: November 12, 2023 1,598 votes |
W: October 28, 2023 404 votes |
W: October 26, 2023 | W: October 20, 2023 163 votes |
W: October 9, 2023 | W: August 29, 2023 | |||
| [214][215] | [216][217] | [218][219] | [220][221] | [222][223] | [224][225] | |||
Independent and third party candidates
Numerous third party and independent candidates have announced presidential runs.
Notable party nominations
The following individuals have been nominated by their respective parties to run for president.
With partial ballot access
These parties have ballot access in some states, but not enough to get 270 votes to win the presidency, without running a write-in campaign.
- American Solidarity Party: Peter Sonski, Connecticut local politician[226]
- Prohibition Party: Michael Wood, businessman[227]
- Party for Socialism and Liberation: Claudia De la Cruz, political activist[228][229]
Without ballot access
- Socialist Party USA: Bill Stodden, nonprofit executive[230][231]
- Socialist Equality Party: Joseph Kishore, writer and SEP nominee in 2020[232]
- Socialist Workers Party: Rachele Fruit, hotel worker and trade unionist[233]
- Transhumanist Party: Tom Ross, technology and political activist[234]
Notable declared candidates
The following individuals have declared their intent to run for president.
Independents
| Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date |
Campaign | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:RFK Jr 4x5.jpg Robert F. Kennedy Jr. |
January 17, 1954 (age 70) Washington, D.C. |
Environmental lawyer Founder of Children's Health Defense Founder of Waterkeeper Alliance |
 California
|
April 19, 2023 (as a Democrat) October 9, 2023 (as an independent) |
 Campaign FEC filing[235][236][237] Website |
[181][238] |
 Cornel West |
June 2, 1953 (age 71) Tulsa, Oklahoma |
Academic and activist | California
|
June 5, 2023 (for the People's Party) June 14, 2023 (for the Green Party) October 5, 2023 (as an independent) |
 Campaign FEC filing[239][240][241] Website |
[242] |
- Shiva Ayyadurai, engineer, entrepreneur, and anti-vaccine activist; candidate for U.S. Senate from Massachusetts in 2018 and 2020[243][244][b]
- Johnny Buss, part-owner and vice president of strategic development of the Los Angeles Lakers[245][246]
- Joseph "Afroman" Foreman, rapper[247][248][249][250]
- Taylor Marshall, podcaster and author[251][252][248][253]
Libertarian Party
- Chase Oliver, customer service specialist and nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022[254]
- Art Olivier, former mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999) and Libertarian nominee for vice president in 2000[255]
- Michael Rectenwald, author and former liberal studies professor at New York University[256]
Green Party
- Jill Stein, physician and 2012 and 2016 Green presidential nominee, member of the Lexington Town Meeting (2005–2010)[257] (campaign)
- Randy Toler, political activist and co-chair of the Green Party of Florida[258]
Publicly expressed interest
As of November 2024, the following notable individuals have expressed an interest in running for president within the previous six months.
- Liz Cheney, United States Representative from WY-AL (2017–2023), Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs (2002–2004, 2005–2009)[259]
Potential candidates
As of November 2024, there has been speculation about the potential candidacy of the following notable individuals within the previous six months.
- Chris Christie, Governor of New Jersey (2010–2018), Republican candidate for president in 2016 and 2024[260]
Withdrawn candidates
The following notable individual(s) announced and then suspended their campaigns before the election:
Polling and forecasts
Polling aggregation
Biden and Trump
The following nationwide polls feature Joe Biden, who was the presumptive nominee for the Democratic party before he withdrew from the race and endorsed Kamala Harris.
Hypothetical polling with Joe Biden and Donald Trump
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump
_polling.svg)
| Source of poll aggregation |
Dates administered |
Dates updated |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Others/ Undecided [c] |
Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RealClearPolitics | June 28 – July 23, 2024 | July 23, 2024 | 44.8% | 47.9% | 7.3% | Trump +3.1% |
| Race to the WH | through July 23, 2024 | July 23, 2024 | 44.1% | 46.2% | 9.7% | Trump +2.1% |
| Decision Desk HQ/The Hill | through July 23, 2024 | July 23, 2024 | 43.3% | 46.6% | 10.1% | Trump +3.3% |
| Average | 44.1% | 46.9% | 9.0% | Trump +2.8% | ||
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
_polling.svg)
| Source of poll aggregation |
Dates administered |
Dates updated |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent |
Others/ Undecided [c] |
Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decision Desk HQ/The Hill | through July 23, 2024 | July 23, 2024 | 38.6% | 42.6% | 8.7% | 10.1% | Trump +4.0% |
| 538 | through July 21, 2024 | July 21, 2024 | 40.2% | 43.5% | 8.7% | 7.6% | Trump +3.3% |
| Average | 39.4% | 43.05% | 8.7% | 8.85% | Trump +3.65% | ||
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein
| Poll source | Dates administered |
Dates updated |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent |
Cornel West Independent |
Jill Stein Green |
Others/ Undecided |
Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RealClearPolitics | through July 23, 2024 | July 23, 2024 | 39.2% | 43.4% | 8.7% | 1.6% | 1.9% | 5.2% | Trump +4.2% |
| Race to the WH | through July 23, 2024 | July 23, 2024 | 39.7% | 42.6% | 8.8% | 1.6% | 1.4% | 5.9% | Trump +2.9% |
| Average | 39.45% | 43.0% | 8.8% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 5.6% | Trump +3.55% | ||
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2024)
| Poll source | Date | Sample size[d] |
Margin of error |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Others/ Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biden withdraws from the race. | ||||||
| Reuters/Ipsos[262] | July 15–16, 2024 | 992 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 41% | 43% | 14% |
| Morning Consult[263] | July 15, 2024 | 2,045 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 45% | 46% | 9% |
| Forbes/HarrisX[264] | July 13–15, 2024 | 1,918 (RV) | ± 2.2% | 49% | 51% | — |
| Trump suffers an assassination attempt in Pennsylvania. | ||||||
| Activote[265] | July 7–15, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 49.5% | 50.5% | — |
| Survey USA[266] | July 12–15, 2024 | 1,098 (LV) | ± 3.2% | 43% | 44% | 13% |
| The Center Square/Noble Predictive Insights[267] | July 8–11, 2024 | 2,300 (LV) | ± 2.1% | 43% | 46% | 12% |
| Rasmussen Reports[268] | July 7–11, 2024 | 1,847 (LV) | ± 2.0% | 43% | 49% | 8% |
| NPR/PBS News/Marist College[269] | July 9–10, 2024 | 1,174 (RV) | ± 3.3% | 50% | 48% | 2% |
| Fox News[270] | July 7–10, 2024 | 1,210 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 48% | 49% | 3% |
| NBC News[271] | July 7–9, 2024 | 800 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 43% | 45% | 12% |
| ABC News/The Washington Post/Ipsos[272] | July 5–9, 2024 | 2,041 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 46% | 46% | 8% |
| Emerson College[273] | July 7–8, 2024 | 1,370 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 43% | 46% | 11% |
| Morning Consult[274] | July 5–7, 2024 | 11,323 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 42% | 44% | 14% |
| Pew Research Center[275] | July 1–7, 2024 | 7,729 (RV) | — | 47% | 50% | 3% |
| Lord Ashcroft[276] | June 28 – July 7, 2024 | 4,347 (LV) | — | 44% | 42% | 14% |
| Bendixen & Amandi International (D)[277] | July 2–6, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 42% | 43% | 15%[e] |
| Daily Mail/J.L. Partners[278] | July 1–3, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 42% | 47% | 11% |
| Cygnal (R)[279] | July 1–2, 2024 | 1,500 (LV) | ± 2.53% | 43% | 48% | 9% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[280] | July 1–2, 2024 | 1,070 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 40% | 40% | 20% |
| Wall Street Journal[281] | June 29 – July 2, 2024 | 1,500 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 42% | 48% | 10% |
| CBS News/YouGov[282] | June 28 – July 2, 2024 | 2,815 (LV) | ± 2.3% | 48% | 50% | 2% |
| New York Times/Siena College[283] | June 28 – July 2, 2024 | 1,532 (LV) | ± 2.3% | 43% | 49% | 7% |
| Yahoo! News/YouGov[284] | June 28 – July 1, 2024 | 1,176 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 43% | 45% | 12% |
| Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[285] | June 29–30, 2024 | 869 (LV) | — | 44% | 46% | 11% |
| Harvard/Harris[286] | June 28–30, 2024 | 2,090 (RV) | — | 48% | 52% | — |
| Forbes/HarrisX[287] | June 28–30, 2024 | 1,500 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 48% | 52% | — |
| CNN/SSRS[288] | June 28–30, 2024 | 1,045 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 43% | 49% | 8% |
| Morning Consult[289] | June 28, 2024 | 2,068 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 45% | 44% | 11% |
| Data for Progress (D)[290] | June 28, 2024 | 1,011 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 45% | 48% | 13% |
| SurveyUSA[291] | June 28, 2024 | 2,315 (LV) | ± 2.5% | 43% | 45% | 13% |
| Leger/New York Post[292] | June 27–28, 2024 | 841 (LV) | ± 3.09% | 38% | 45% | 17% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[293] | June 26–28, 2024 | 1,244 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| The presidential debate between Biden and Trump is hosted by CNN in Atlanta. | ||||||
| New York Times/Siena College[294] | June 20–25, 2024 | 1,226 (LV) | ± 3.5% | 44% | 48% | 8% |
| Leger/New York Post[295] | June 22–24, 2024 | 815 (LV) | ± 3.01% | 45% | 43% | 12% |
| Quinnipiac University[296] | June 20–24, 2024 | 1,405 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 45% | 49% | 6% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[297] | June 18–24, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 44% | 46% | 10% |
| Morning Consult[274] | June 21–23, 2024 | 10,159 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| CBS News/YouGov[298] | June 17–21, 2024 | 1,878 (LV) | — | 49% | 50% | — |
| ActiVote[299] | June 5–21, 2024 | 2,029 (LV) | ± 2.2% | 48% | 52% | — |
| Rasmussen Reports[300] | June 20, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 40% | 49% | 11% |
| Fox News[301] | June 14–17, 2024 | 1,095 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 50% | 48% | 2% |
| Morning Consult[274] | June 14–16, 2024 | 10,132 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| Echelon Insights[302] | June 10–12, 2024 | 1,013 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 48% | 47% | 5% |
| NPR/PBS[303] | June 10–12, 2024 | 1,184 (RV) | ± 3.8% | 49% | 49% | — |
| Reuters/Ipsos[304] | June 10–11, 2024 | 930 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 39% | 41% | 20% |
| Civiqs/Daily Kos[305] | June 8–11, 2024 | 1,140 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 45% | 45% | 10% |
| Morning Consult[274] | June 7–9, 2024 | 10,260 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| CBS News/YouGov[306] | June 5–7, 2024 | 1,359 (LV) | — | 49% | 50% | 1% |
| Cygnal (R)[307] | June 4–6, 2024 | 1,500 (LV) | ± 2.53% | 44.5% | 46.5% | 9% |
| Yahoo! News/YouGov[308] | June 3–6, 2024 | 1,239 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 46% | 44% | 10% |
| Emerson College[309] | June 4–5, 2024 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 50% | 50% | — |
| ActiVote[310] | May 23 – June 4, 2024 | 1,671 (LV) | ± 2.4% | 48% | 52% | — |
| Navigator Research[311] | May 23 – June 3, 2024 | 812 (LV) | ± 2.8% | 48% | 44% | 8% |
| Morning Consult[312] | May 31, 2024 | 2,200 (RV) | — | 45% | 44% | 11% |
| Survey Monkey/The 19th[313] | May 30–31, 2024 | 5,893 (A) | ± 1.5% | 30% | 34% | 36% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[314] | May 30–31, 2024 | 2,135 (RV) | ± 2.1% | 41% | 39% | 20% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[315] | May 29–31, 2024 | 1,675 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 41% | 41% | 19% |
| Leger/The Canadian Press[316] | May 24–26, 2024 | 883 (LV) | ± 3.09% | 42% | 43% | 15% |
| NPR/PBS[317] | May 21–23, 2024 | 1,122 (RV) | ± 3.7% | 50% | 48% | 2% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[318][A] | May 21–23, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 44% | 46% | 10% |
| Emerson College[319] | May 21–23, 2024 | 1,100 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 50% | 50% | — |
| ActiVote[320] | May 6–21, 2024 | 1,081 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 49% | 51% | — |
| Quinnipiac University[321] | May 16–20, 2024 | 1,374 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 48% | 47% | 5% |
| Harvard-Harris[322] | May 15–16, 2024 | 1,660 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 47% | 53% | — |
| Cygnal (R)[323] | May 14–16, 2024 | 1,500 (LV) | ± 2.53% | 45% | 46% | 9% |
| Echelon Insights[324] | May 13–16, 2024 | 1,023 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 46% | 49% | 6% |
| Marquette Law University[325] | May 6–15, 2024 | 911 (RV) | — | 50% | 50% | — |
| Reuters/Ipsos[304] | May 7–14, 2024 | 3,208 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 46% | 46% | 8% |
| Yahoo! News/YouGov[326] | May 10–13, 2024 | 1,198 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 45% | 45% | 10% |
| Fox News[327] | May 10–13, 2024 | 1,126 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 48% | 49% | 2% |
| Ipsos[328] | May 7–13, 2024 | 1,730 (RV) | ± 2.2% | 48% | 48% | 4% |
| RMG Research[329] | May 6–9, 2024 | 2,000 (LV) | — | 44% | 42% | 14% |
| Morning Consult[274] | May 3–5, 2024 | 9,918 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 44% | 13% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[330] | May 1–3, 2024 | 1,264 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 42% | 40% | 18% |
| Data for Progress (D)/Zeteo[331] | May 1–2, 2024 | 1,240 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 47% | 46% | 6% |
| KFF[332] | April 23 – May 1, 2024 | 1,243 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 46% | 45% | 9% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[304] | April 29–30, 2024 | 856 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 40% | 39% | 21% |
| ABC News[333] | April 25–30, 2024 | 2,260 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 46% | 45% | 9% |
| ActiVote[334] | April 13–30, 2024 | 953 (LV) | ± 3.2% | 47% | 53% | — |
| Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[335] | April 26–28, 2024 | 851 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 47% | 46% | 7% |
| Leger/The Canadian Press[336] | April 26–28, 2024 | 887 (LV) | ± 3.09% | 42% | 43% | 16% |
| Morning Consult[274] | April 26–28, 2024 | 10,109 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 43% | 14% |
| HarrisX/Harris[337] | April 24–25, 2024 | 1,961 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 48% | 52% | — |
| NPR/PBS[338] | April 22–25, 2024 | 1,109 (RV) | ± 3.7% | 50% | 48% | 2% |
| CNN/SSRS[339] | April 18–23, 2024 | 967 (RV) | ± 3.4% | 43% | 49% | 8% |
| Quinnipiac University[340] | April 18–22, 2024 | 1,429 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 46% | 46% | 8% |
| Morning Consult[274] | April 19–21, 2024 | 9,791 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| John Zogby Strategies[341][B] | April 14–21, 2024 | 23,683 (LV) | ± 0.6% | 45.7% | 46.1% | 8.2% |
| University of North Florida[342] | April 8–20, 2024 | 745 (LV) | ± 4.2% | 45% | 47% | 9% |
| Marist College[343] | April 16–18, 2024 | 1,047 (RV) | ± 3.6% | 51% | 48% | 1% |
| Emerson College[344] | April 16–17, 2024 | 1,308 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 43% | 46% | 11% |
| Morning Consult[274] | April 15–17, 2024 | 7,990 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 42% | 42% | 16% |
| Civiqs/Daily Kos[345] | April 13–16, 2024 | 1,161 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 44% | 45% | 11% |
| NBC News[346] | April 12–16, 2024 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 44% | 46% | 10% |
| Yahoo! News/YouGov[347] | April 11–15, 2024 | 1,171 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| Echelon Insights[348] | April 12–14, 2024 | 1,020 (LV) | ± 3.9% | 49% | 46% | 5% |
| New York Times/Siena College[349] | April 7–11, 2024 | 1,059 (LV) | ± 3.9% | 46% | 47% | 7% |
| ActiVote[350] | March 24 – April 10, 2024 | 995 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 47% | 53% | — |
| Reuters/Ipsos[304] | April 3–8, 2024 | 833 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 41% | 37% | 22% |
| Morning Consult[274] | April 5–7, 2024 | 6,236 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 44% | 13% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[351] | April 3–5, 2024 | 1,265 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 43% | 40% | 17% |
| RMG Research[352] | April 1–4, 2024 | 1,679 (LV) | ± 2.4% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| Emerson College[353] | April 2–3, 2024 | 1,438 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 45% | 46% | 8% |
| Rasmussen Reports[354] | March 31 – April 2, 2024 | 1,099 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 41% | 49% | 10% |
| Morning Consult[274] | March 29–31, 2024 | 6,018 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 42% | 14% |
| Data for Progress (D)[355] | March 27–29, 2024 | 1,200 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 47% | 46% | 7% |
| NPR/PBS[356] | March 25–28, 2024 | 1,199 (RV) | ± 3.7% | 50% | 48% | 2% |
| Marquette Law School[357] | March 18–28, 2024 | 674 (LV) | ± 4.9% | 52% | 48% | — |
| Forbes/HarrisX[358] | March 25, 2024 | 1,010 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 50% | 50% | — |
| Fox News[359] | March 22–25, 2024 | 1,094 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 45% | 50% | 5% |
| Quinnipiac University[360] | March 21–25, 2024 | 1,407 (RV) | — | 48% | 45% | 7% |
| Morning Consult[274] | March 22–24, 2024 | 5,833 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| ActiVote[361] | March 8–22, 2024 | 1,001 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 47% | 53% | — |
| HarrisX/Harris[362] | March 20–21, 2024 | 2,111 (RV) | — | 49% | 51% | — |
| The Economist/YouGov[363] | March 16–19, 2024 | 1,509 (RV) | ± 3.4% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[364] | March 15–17, 2024 | 941 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 47% | 45% | 8% |
| Morning Consult[274] | March 15–17, 2024 | 5,777 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 43% | 14% |
| Grinnell College[365] | March 11–17, 2024 | 715 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 38% | 45% | 17% |
| Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square[366] | March 11–15, 2024 | 2,510 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 45% | 46% | 9% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[367] | March 9–14, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 34% | 38% | 27% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[368][C] | March 12–13, 2024 | 837 (RV) | ± 3.4% | 46% | 45% | 9% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[304] | March 7–13, 2024 | 3,356 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 50% | 48% | 2% |
| The Economist/YouGov[369] | March 10–12, 2024 | 1,367 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 42% | 44% | 14% |
| Civiqs/Daily Kos[370] | March 9–12, 2024 | 1,324 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 45% | 44% | 11% |
| Yahoo! News/YouGov[371] | March 8–11, 2024 | 1,482 (A) | ± 2.8% | 44% | 46% | 10% |
| Forbes/HarrisX[372] | March 8–10, 2024 | 2,017 (RV) | ± 2.2% | 48% | 52% | — |
| Morning Consult[274] | March 8–10, 2024 | 6,300 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 44% | 13% |
| Emerson College[373] | March 5–6, 2024 | 1,350 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 51% | 49% | — |
| Morning Consult[274] | March 1–3, 2024 | 6,334 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[374] | February 28 – March 1, 2024 | 1,246 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| The Economist/YouGov[375] | February 25–27, 2024 | 1,498 (RV) | ± 3.2% | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| The Economist/YouGov[376] | February 18–20, 2024 | 1,360 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 42% | 43% | 15% |
| Quinnipiac University[377] | February 15–19, 2024 | 1,421 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 49% | 45% | 6% |
| Marquette University[378] | February 5–15, 2024 | 787 (RV) | ± 4.4% | 49% | 51% | — |
| Emerson College[379] | February 13–14, 2024 | 1,225 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 44% | 45% | 11% |
| The Economist/YouGov[380] | February 11–13, 2024 | 1,470 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[381] | February 9–12, 2024 | 1,237 (A) | ± 2.9% | 34% | 37% | 29% |
| YouGov[382] | February 6–9, 2024 | 1,000 (A) | ± 4.0% | 44% | 45% | 10% |
| Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[383] | February 2–3, 2024 | 917 (LV) | — | 41% | 44% | 15%[f] |
| NPR/PBS[384] | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1,441 (RV) | ± 3.6% | 48% | 47% | 5% |
| SurveyUSA[385] | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1,048 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 44% | 49% | 7% |
| The Economist/YouGov[386] | January 28–30, 2024 | 1,486 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| Civiqs/Daily Kos[387] | January 27–30, 2024 | 1,217 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| Emerson College[388] | January 26–29, 2024 | 1,260 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 45% | 46% | 9% |
| Quinnipiac University[389] | January 25–29, 2024 | 1,650 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 50% | 44% | 6% |
| Harvard-Harris[390] | January 17–18, 2024 | 3,492 (RV) | — | 47% | 53% | — |
| The Messenger/HarrisX[391] | January 16–17, 2024 | 1,045 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 48% | 52% | — |
| The Economist/YouGov[392] | January 14–16, 2024 | 1,472 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| CBS News[393] | January 10–12, 2024 | 1,906 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 48% | 50% | 2% |
| Rasmussen Reports[394] | January 7–9, 2024 | 968 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 41% | 49% | 10% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[395] | January 3–9, 2024 | 4,677 (A) | ± 1.5% | 48% | 48% | 4% |
| Morning Consult[274] | January 5–8, 2024 | 6,376 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| Ipsos/With Honor PAC[396] | January 3–7, 2024 | 2,027 (V) | ± 2.45% | 32% | 34% | 34% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[397] | January 3–5, 2024 | 1,247 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 40% | 41% | 19% |
| Noble Predictive Insights[398] | January 2–4, 2024 | 2,573 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 40% | 44% | 16% |
| The Economist/YouGov[399] | December 29, 2023 – January 2, 2024 | 1,343 (RV) | ± 3.2% | 44% | 44% | 12% |
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2023)
| Poll source | Date | Sample size[d] |
Margin of error |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Others/ Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ActiVote[400] | December 13–19, 2023 | 841 (LV) | ± 3.4% | 46% | 54% | — |
| McLaughlin & Associates[401] | December 13–19, 2023 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 44% | 47%[g] | 10% |
| The Economist/YouGov[402] | December 16–18, 2023 | 1,336 (RV) | ± 3.2% | 43% | 43% | 14% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[403] | December 14–18, 2023 | 1,027 (RV) | — | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| Quinnipiac University[404] | December 14–18, 2023 | 1,647 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 47% | 46% | 6% |
| Echelon Insights[405] | December 12–16, 2023 | 1,012 (LV) | ± 4.1% | 48% | 47% | 5% |
| New York Times/Siena College[406] | December 10–14, 2023 | 1,016 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 47% | 45% | 8% |
| New York Times/Siena College[407] | December 10–14, 2023 | 1,016 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 44% | 46% | 9% |
| Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[408] | December 10–13, 2023 | 1,007 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 46% | 50% | 4%[h] |
| The Economist/YouGov Poll[409] | December 9–12, 2023 | 1,332 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 43% | 43% | 14% |
| Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/CNBC[410] | December 8–12, 2023 | 1,002 (A) | ± 3.1% | 42% | 48% | 10% |
| Clarity Campaign Labs[411] | December 7–10, 2023 | 1,052 (RV) | ± 1.81% | 45% | 45% | 10%[i] |
| Rasmussen Reports[412] | December 6–10, 2023 | 892 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 38% | 48% | 14%[j] |
| Cygnal (R)[413] | December 5–7, 2023 | 2,000 (LV) | ± 2.16% | 47% | 46% | 7% |
| Marist College/NPR/PBS NewsHour[414] | December 4–7, 2023 | 1,129 (RV) | ± 3.7% | 49% | 48% | 3% |
| Emerson College[415] | December 4–6, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3% | 43.2% | 47.4% | 9.4% |
| SSRS/CNN[416] | November 29 – December 6, 2023 | 1,197 (RV) | ± 3.4% | 40% | 50% | 10%[k] |
| The Economist/YouGov Poll[417] | December 2–5, 2023 | 1,291 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 42% | 41% | 17% |
| HarrisX[418] | November 22–28, 2023 | 4,003 (RV) | ± 1.6% | 42% | 46% | 13% |
| YouGov[419] | November 20–27, 2023 | 1,000 (A) | ± 4.1% | 39% | 37% | 24% |
| Leger[420] | November 24–26, 2023 | 869 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 44% | 42% | 14% |
| Morning Consult[274] | November 24–26, 2023 | 6,527 (RV) | ± 1% | 43% | 42% | 16% |
| Emerson College[421] | November 17–20, 2023 | 1,475 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 43% | 47% | 10% |
| Harris X/The Messenger[422] | November 15–19, 2023 | 3,017 (RV) | ± 1.8% | 40% | 47% | 13% |
| Echelon Insights[423] | November 14–17, 2023 | 1,006 (LV) | ± 4.1% | 46% | 47% | 8% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[395] | November 13–14, 2023 | 1,006 (A) | ± 3.8% | 33% | 35% | 32% |
| YouGov/The Economist[424] | November 11–14, 2023 | 1,272 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 42% | 43% | 15% |
| NBC News[425] | November 10–14, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 44% | 46% | 10% |
| Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[426] | November 10–13, 2023 | 1,001 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 46% | 50% | 4% |
| YouGov/Yahoo! News[427] | November 9–13, 2023 | 1,058 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 42% | 44% | 14% |
| Quinnipiac University[428] | November 9–13, 2023 | 1,574 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 46% | 48% | 6% |
| Morning Consult[429] | November 10–12, 2023 | 6,130 (RV) | ± 1% | 42% | 43% | 15% |
| Rasmussen Reports (R)[430] | November 8–12, 2023 | 987 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 46% | 42% | 12% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[431] | November 1–3, 2023 | 1,242 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| CBS News/YouGov[432] | October 30 – November 3, 2023 | 2,636 (A) | ± 2.6% | 48% | 51% | 1% |
| SSRS/CNN[433] | October 27 – November 2, 2023 | 1,271 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 45% | 49% | 6% |
| HarrisX/The Messenger[434] | October 30 – November 1, 2023 | 2,021 (RV) | ± 2.2% | 43% | 45% | 12% |
| YouGov/The Economist[435] | October 28–31, 2023 | 1,500 (A) | ± 3.1% | 39% | 38% | 23% |
| American Pulse Research & Polling[436] | October 27–30, 2023 | 568 (LV) | ± 4.1% | 42% | 43.5% | 14.5% |
| Quinnipiac[437] | October 26–30, 2023 | 1,610 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 47% | 46% | 7% |
| Morning Consult[438] | October 20–22, 2023 | 5,000 (RV) | ± 1% | 43% | 43% | 15% |
| USA Today/Suffolk University[439] | October 17–20, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 41% | 41% | 18% |
| Harvard Harris[440] | October 18–19, 2023 | 2,116 (RV) | ± 2% | 41% | 46% | 14% |
| Emerson College[441] | October 16–17, 2023 | 1,578 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 45% | 47% | 8% |
| Yahoo/YouGov[442] | October 12–16, 2023 | 1,120 (RV) | — | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| Hart Research Associates/Public Opinions Strategies/CNBC[443] | October 11–15, 2023 | 1,001 (A) | ± 3.1% | 42% | 46% | 12% |
| Grinnell College[444] | October 10–15, 2023 | 784 (LV) | ± 3.5% | 40% | 40% | 20% |
| NPR/PBS/Marist College[445] | October 11, 2023 | 1,218 (RV) | ± 3.9% | 49% | 46% | 5% |
| Fox News[446] | October 6–9, 2023 | 1,007 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 49% | 48% | 2% |
| SurveyUSA[447] | September 30 – October 3, 2023 | 2,330 (LV) | ± 2.4% | 43% | 43% | 14% |
| Echelon Insights[448] | September 25–28, 2023 | 1,011 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 43% | 46% | 11% |
| YouGov/The Economist[449] | September 23–26, 2023 | 1,500 (RV) | ± 3.3% | 45% | 40% | 15% |
| Marquette University[450] | September 18–25, 2023 | 781 (RV) | ± 4.4% | 48% | 51% | — |
| Morning Consult[451] | September 22–24, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 42% | 14% |
| NBC News[452] | September 15–19, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 46% | 46% | 6% |
| Harvard/Harris[453][D] | September 13–14, 2023 | 2,103 (RV) | — | 40% | 44% | 16% |
| The Economist/YouGov[454] | September 10–12, 2023 | 1,500 (A) | ± 3.3% | 44% | 43% | 12% |
| Fox News[455] | September 9–12, 2023 | 1,012 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 46% | 48% | 1% |
| Morning Consult[451] | September 2–4, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 41% | 15% |
| CNN/SSRS[456] | August 25–31, 2023 | 1,259 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 46% | 47% | 7% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[457] | August 17–21, 2023 | 1,113 | ± 2.7% | 47% | 41% | 12% |
| Morning Consult[451] | August 18–20, 2023 | 5,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| Marist College[458] | August 11–14, 2023 | 1,100 (RV) | ± 3.7% | 47% | 46% | 7% |
| Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square[459] | July 31 – August 3, 2023 | 2,500 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 44% | 41% | 15% |
| Big Village[460] | July 24–26, 2023 | 1,663 (RV) | ± 2.2% | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| Quinnipiac University[461] | July 13–17, 2023 | 1,809 (RV) | ± 2.3% | 49% | 44% | 7% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[462] | July 13–17, 2023 | 1,098 | ± 2.7% | 47% | 43% | 10% |
| Marquette University[463] | July 7–12, 2023 | 788 (RV) | ± 4.2% | 50% | 50% | — |
| Morning Consult[464] | July 7–9, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| HarrisX/The Messenger[465] | July 5–6, 2023 | 915 (RV) | ± 3.2% | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| Morning Consult[464] | June 23–25, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 41% | 44% | 15% |
| HarrisX/The Messenger[466] | June 19–23, 2023 | 2,875 (RV) | ± 1.8% | 43% | 45% | 12% |
| Emerson College[467] | June 19–20, 2023 | 1,015 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| NBC News[468] | June 16–20, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 49% | 45% | 6% |
| Quinnipiac University[469] | June 8–12, 2023 | 1,735 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 48% | 44% | 8% |
| Morning Consult[470] | June 9–11, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 42% | 42% | 16% |
| YouGov[471] | May 25–30, 2023 | 1,015 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 48% | 41% | 11% |
| Echelon Insights[472] | May 22–25, 2023 | 1,035 (LV) | — | 46% | 44% | 10% |
| Quinnipiac University[473] | May 18–22, 2023 | 1,616 (RV) | — | 48% | 46% | 6% |
| Harvard/Harris[474] | May 17–18, 2023 | 2,004 (RV) | – | 40% | 47% | 13% |
| Marquette University[475] | May 8–18, 2023 | 791 (RV) | ± 4.1% | 47% | 52% | — |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[476] | May 17, 2023 | 1,117 (LV) | — | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| YouGov/The Economist[477] | May 13–16, 2023 | 1,302 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 42% | 44% | 14% |
| Premise[478] | May 12–15, 2023 | 1,591 (RV) | — | 41% | 44% | 15% |
| Morning Consult[479] | May 12–14, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 41% | 15% |
| WPA Intelligence[480] | May 10–13, 2023 | 1,571 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 47% | 40% | 13% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[481] | May 5–8, 2023 | 1,060 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 45% | 43% | 12% |
| Morning Consult[479] | May 5–7, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | — | 44% | 42% | 14% |
| ABC News/The Washington Post[482] | April 28 – May 5, 2023 | 900 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 39% | 45% | 16% |
| YouGov/The Economist[483] | April 29 – May 2, 2023 | 1,357 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 46% | 46% | 8% |
| Emerson College[484] | April 24–25, 2023 | 1,100 (RV) | — | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| Morning Consult[479] | April 21–23, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | — | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| Cygnal (R)[485] | April 18–20, 2023 | 2,500 (LV) | ± 1.94% | 46% | 45% | 9% |
| Harvard/Harris[486] | April 18–19, 2023 | 1,845 (RV) | — | 40% | 45% | 15% |
| YouGov/The Economist[487] | April 15–18, 2023 | 1,316 (RV) | — | 43% | 44% | 13% |
| Premise[488] | April 14–17, 2023 | 1,485 (RV) | — | 42% | 44% | 14% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[489] | April 14–17, 2023 | 1,027 (RV) | — | 46% | 42% | 12% |
| Morning Consult[479] | April 14–16, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 40% | 17% |
| YouGov/The Economist[490] | April 8–11, 2023 | 1,322 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 43% | 44% | 13% |
| Morning Consult[479] | April 7–9, 2023 | 5,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[491] | April 4, 2023 | 1,180 (LV) | — | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| YouGov[492] | April 1–4, 2023 | 1,319 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 42% | 44% | 14% |
| Premise[493] | March 31 – April 3, 2023 | 1,562 (RV) | — | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| Rasmussen Reports[494] | March 30 – April 3, 2023 | 971 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 40% | 47% | 13% |
| Morning Consult[479] | March 31 – April 2, 2023 | 5,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 42% | 41% | 17% |
| McLaughlin & Associates (R)[495][E] | March 31 – April 1, 2023 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 43% | 47% | 10% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[496] | March 30–31, 2023 | 729 (RV) | ± 3.3% | 45% | 43% | 12% |
| Echelon Insights[497] | March 27–29, 2023 | 1,007 (LV) | ± 3.8% | 47% | 44% | 9% |
| Cygnal (R)[498] | March 26–27, 2023 | 2,550 (LV) | ± 1.9% | 47% | 45% | 8% |
| Quinnipiac University[499] | March 23–27, 2023 | 1,600 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 48% | 46% | 6% |
| Morning Consult[479] | March 24–26, 2023 | 5,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| Harvard/Harris[500] | March 22–23, 2023 | 2,905 (RV) | — | 41% | 45% | 14% |
| Marquette University[501] | March 12–22, 2023 | 863 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 38% | 38% | 24% |
| Premise[502] | March 16–21, 2023 | 1,509 (RV) | — | 41% | 47% | 12% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[503] | March 20, 2023 | 1,250 (LV) | — | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[504] | March 16–20, 2023 | 1,059 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 45% | 43% | 12% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[505] | March 16–20, 2023 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 43% | 48% | 9% |
| Morning Consult[479] | March 17–19, 2023 | 5,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 41% | 15% |
| Quinnipiac University[506] | March 9–13, 2023 | 1,635 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 49% | 45% | 6% |
| Morning Consult[479] | March 10–12, 2023 | 5,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| Wick Insights[507] | March 6–9, 2023 | 1,125 (LV) | — | 45% | 43% | 12% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[508] | March 7–8, 2023 | 1,201 (LV) | — | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| Premise[509] | March 4–7, 2023 | 1,621 (RV) | — | 44% | 45% | 11% |
| Morning Consult[479] | March 3–5, 2023 | 5,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 42% | 43% | 15% |
| Cygnal (R)[510] | February 24–27, 2023 | 2,424 (LV) | ± 2.0% | 47% | 45% | 8% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[511] | February 23–27, 2023 | 1,014 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 43% | 45% | 12% |
| Susquehanna[512] | February 19–26, 2023 | 800 (RV) | — | 52% | 39% | — |
| Emerson College[513] | February 24–25, 2023 | 1,060 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 42% | 46% | 12% |
| Morning Consult[479] | February 23–25, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | — | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| Echelon Insights[514] | February 21–23, 2023 | 1,023 (LV) | — | 47% | 44% | 9% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[515] | February 17–23, 2023 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 44% | 48% | 8% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[516] | February 19, 2023 | 1,102 (LV) | — | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| Morning Consult[479] | February 17–19, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 42% | 41% | 17% |
| Premise[517] | February 16–19, 2023 | 1,717 (RV) | — | 44% | 42% | 14% |
| Morning Consult[518] | February 16–19, 2023 | 2,000 (RV) | ± 1.5% | 42% | 41% | 17% |
| Harvard/Harris[519] | February 15–16, 2023 | 1,838 (RV) | — | 41% | 46% | 13% |
| Quinnipac University[520] | February 9–14, 2023 | 1,429 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 48% | 46% | 6% |
| Ipsos/Reuters[521] | February 6–13, 2023 | 915 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 39% | 42% | 19% |
| Morning Consult[479] | February 10–12, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | — | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| Rasmussen Reports[522] | February 8–12, 2023 | 900 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 45% | 42% | 13% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[523] | February 10–11, 2023 | 1,056 (RV) | — | 49% | 45% | 6% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[524] | February 2–6, 2023 | 1,063 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 47% | 41% | 12% |
| Morning Consult[479] | February 3–5, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 40% | 17% |
| ABC News/The Washington Post[525] | January 27 – February 1, 2023 | 895 (RV) | — | 45% | 48% | 7% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[526] | January 28–29, 2023 | 1,139 (LV) | — | 39% | 41% | 20% |
| Morning Consult[479] | January 27–29, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 40% | 17% |
| Echelon Insights[527] | January 23–25, 2023 | 1,024 (LV) | ± 3.9% | 45% | 42% | 13% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[528] | January 19–24, 2023 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 43% | 48% | 9% |
| Morning Consult[479] | January 20–22, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 41% | 15% |
| Emerson College[529] | January 19–21, 2023 | 1,015 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 41% | 44% | 15% |
| Cygnal (R)[530] | January 19–20, 2023 | 2,529 (LV) | ± 2.0% | 47% | 44% | 9% |
| Marquette University[531] | January 9–20, 2023 | 790 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 40% | 40% | 20% |
| Harvard/Harris[532] | January 18–19, 2023 | 2,050 (RV) | — | 41% | 46% | 13% |
| YouGov/The Economist[533] | January 14–17, 2023 | 1,314 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 46% | 42% | 12% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[534] | January 16, 2023 | 1,458 (LV) | — | 39% | 41% | 20% |
| YouGov/YahooNews[535] | January 12–16, 2023 | 1,028 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 46% | 40% | 14% |
| Morning Consult[479] | January 10–12, 2023 | 6,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 40% | 17% |
| Morning Consult[479] | January 6–8, 2023 | 7,500 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 41% | 15% |
| WPA Intelligence[536] | January 2–8, 2023 | 1,035 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 49% | 41% | 10% |
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2022)
| Poll source | Date | Sample size[d] |
Margin of error |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Others/ Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning Consult[479] | December 31, 2022 – January 2, 2023 | 8,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 44% | 40% | 16% |
| Data for Progress[537] | December 22–29, 2022 | 1,189 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 47% | 45% | 8% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[538] | December 15–19, 2022 | 1,041 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 45% | 41% | 14% |
| Morning Consult[479] | December 16–18, 2022 | 7,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| Harvard/Harris[539] | December 14–15, 2022 | 1,851 (RV) | — | 40% | 45% | 15% |
| Echelon Insights[540] | December 12–14, 2022 | 1,021 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 46% | 44% | 10% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[541] | December 9–14, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 45% | 48% | 7% |
| Morning Consult[479] | December 9–11, 2022 | 7,000 (RV) | ± 1.0% | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| Suffolk University[542] | December 7–11, 2022 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 47% | 40% | 13% |
| Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research[543] | December 3–7, 2022 | 1,500 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 45% | 43% | 12% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[544] | December 5, 2022 | 1,162 (LV) | — | 41% | 41% | 18% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[545] | December 1–5, 2022 | 1,204 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 45% | 42% | 13% |
| Marquette University[546] | November 15–22, 2022 | 840 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 44% | 34% | 22% |
| Emerson College[529] | November 18–19, 2022 | 1,380 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 45% | 41% | 14% |
| Echelon Insights[547] | November 17–19, 2022 | 1,036 (LV) | ± 3.8% | 42% | 45% | 13% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[548] | November 17, 2022 | 1,203 (LV) | — | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| Harvard/Harris[549] | November 16–17, 2022 | 2,212 (RV) | — | 42% | 44% | 14% |
| Léger[550] | November 11–13, 2022 | 1,007 (A) | — | 36% | 33% | 31% |
| Rasmussen Reports[551] | November 8–9, 2022 | 1,767 (LV) | ± 2.0% | 44% | 47% | 9% |
| Democracy Corps/GQR[552] | November 6–8, 2022 | 1,000 (RV) | — | 46% | 48% | 6% |
| Morning Consult[553] | November 2–7, 2022 | 3,980 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[554] | November 2, 2022 | 1,084 (LV) | — | 39% | 44% | 17% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[555] | October 27–31, 2022 | 1,172 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 48% | 42% | 10% |
| Benenson Strategy Group[556] | October 27–30, 2022 | 1,000 (V) | ± 3.1% | 45% | 43% | 12% |
| Echelon Insights[557] | October 24–26, 2022 | 1,014 (LV) | ± 3.8% | 45% | 46% | 9% |
| Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research[558] | October 22–26, 2022 | 1,500 (RV) | — | 46% | 46% | 8% |
| Suffolk University[559] | October 19–24, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 46% | 42% | 12% |
| Emerson College[560] | October 18–19, 2022 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 43% | 40% | 17% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[561] | October 13–17, 2022 | 1,209 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 46% | 44% | 10% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[562] | October 12–17, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 44% | 50% | 6% |
| Rasmussen Reports[563] | October 12–13, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 40% | 44% | 16% |
| Harvard/Harris[564] | October 12–13, 2022 | 2,010 (RV) | — | 43% | 45% | 12% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[565] | October 12, 2022 | 1,110 (LV) | — | 40% | 41% | 19% |
| Siena College/The New York Times[566] | October 9–12, 2022 | 792 (LV) | — | 44% | 45% | 11% |
| John Zogby Strategies[567] | October 5, 2022 | 1,006 (LV) | ± 3.2% | 45% | 41% | 14% |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[568] | October 2–3, 2022 | 1,128 (LV) | — | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[569] | September 23–27, 2022 | 1,138 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 47% | 45% | 8% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[570] | September 17–22, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 45% | 49% | 6% |
| Emerson College[571] | September 20–21, 2022 | 1,368 (LV) | ± 2.6% | 45% | 44% | 11% |
| ABC News/The Washington Post[572] | September 18–21, 2022 | 908 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 46% | 48% | 6% |
| Premise[573] | September 16–19, 2022 | 1,703 (A) | — | 51% | 49% | — |
| Echelon Insights[574] | September 16–19, 2022 | 1,056 (LV) | ± 3.8% | 47% | 44% | 9% |
| Refield & Wilton Strategies[575] | September 14–15, 2022 | 1,163 (LV) | — | 43% | 40% | 17% |
| Marquette University[576] | September 6–14, 2022 | 1,282 (RV) | ± 3.6% | 42% | 36% | 22% |
| Siena College/The New York Times[577] | September 6–14, 2022 | 1,399 (RV) | — | 45% | 42% | 13% |
| Harvard/Harris[578] | September 7–8, 2022 | 1,854 (RV) | — | 42% | 45% | 13% |
| Echelon Insights[579] | August 31 – September 7, 2022 | 1,228 (LV) | ± 3.5% | 46% | 45% | 9% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[580] | September 2–6, 2022 | 1,247 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 48% | 42% | 10% |
| Premise[581] | September 2–5, 2022 | 1,185 (RV) | — | 51% | 49% | — |
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[582] | August 28, 2022 | 1,050 (LV) | — | 40% | 42% | 18% |
| Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research[583] | August 17–25, 2022 | 1,313 (RV) | — | 50% | 44% | 6% |
| Emerson College[584] | August 23–24, 2022 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 43% | 42% | 15% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[585] | August 20–24, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 45% | 49% | 6% |
| Echelon Insights[586] | August 19–22, 2022 | 1,054 (LV) | ± 3.6% | 47% | 42% | 11% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[587] | August 18–22, 2022 | 1,185 (RV) | — | 46% | 42% | 12% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[588] | August 17, 2022 | 1,156 (LV) | — | 39% | 42% | 19% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[589] | July 28 – August 1, 2022 | 1,152 (RV) | — | 45% | 42% | 13% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[590] | July 29, 2022 | 1,094 (LV) | — | 35% | 42% | 23% |
| Harvard/Harris[591] | July 27–28, 2022 | 1,885 (RV) | — | 41% | 45% | 14% |
| Rasmussen Reports[592] | July 26–27, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 40% | 46% | 14% |
| Suffolk University[593] | July 22–25, 2022 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 45% | 41% | 14% |
| Emerson College[594] | July 19–20, 2022 | 1,078 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 43% | 46% | 11% |
| Echelon Insights[595] | July 15–18, 2022 | 1,022 (LV) | — | 46% | 44% | 10% |
| The Trafalgar Group (R)[596] | July 11–14, 2022 | 1,085 (LV) | ± 2.9% | 43% | 48% | 10% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[597] | July 8–11, 2022 | 1,261 (RV) | — | 44% | 43% | 13% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[598] | July 9, 2022 | 1,078 (LV) | — | 41% | 43% | 16% |
| The New York Times/Siena College[599] | July 5–7, 2022 | 849 (RV) | ± 4.1% | 44% | 41% | 14% |
| Harvard/Harris[600] | June 28–29, 2022 | 1,308 (RV) | — | 40% | 43% | 17% |
| Emerson College[601] | June 28–29, 2022 | 1,271 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 39% | 44% | 17% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[602] | June 24–27, 2022 | 1,239 (RV) | — | 46% | 43% | 11% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[603] | June 17–22, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 44% | 49% | 7% |
| Echelon Insights[604] | June 17–20, 2022 | 1,030 (LV) | — | 45% | 43% | 12% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[605] | June 15, 2022 | 1,064 (LV) | — | 38% | 41% | 21% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[606] | June 10–13, 2022 | 1,243 (RV) | — | 42% | 44% | 14% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[607] | May 30, 2022 | 1,173 (LV) | — | 38% | 42% | 20% |
| Emerson College[608] | May 24–25, 2022 | 1,148 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 42% | 44% | 14% |
| Echelon Insights[609] | May 20–23, 2022 | 1,020 (LV) | — | 45% | 44% | 11% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[610] | May 19–22, 2022 | 1,360 (RV) | — | 44% | 42% | 14% |
| Harvard/Harris[611] | May 18–19, 2022 | 1,963 (RV) | — | 42% | 45% | 13% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[612] | May 17, 2022 | 1,120 (LV) | — | 39% | 42% | 19% |
| Rasmussen Reports[613] | April 28 – May 2, 2022 | 1,004 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 36% | 50% | 14% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[614] | May 1, 2022 | 1,096 (LV) | — | 40% | 44% | 16% |
| Emerson College[615] | April 25–26, 2022 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 42% | 43% | 15% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[616] | April 22–26, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 43% | 50% | 7% |
| Morning Consult[617] | April 22–25, 2022 | 2,004 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 45% | 44% | 11% |
| InsiderAdvantage (R)[618] | April 21–23, 2022 | 750 (RV) | ± 3.6% | 43% | 47% | 10% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[619] | April 19–22, 2022 | 1,187 (RV) | — | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| Harvard/Harris[620] | April 20–21, 2022 | 1,966 (RV) | — | 43% | 45% | 12% |
| Echelon Insights[621] | April 18–20, 2022 | 1,001 (LV) | — | 45% | 44% | 11% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[622] | April 18, 2022 | 1,500 (LV) | — | 41% | 43% | 16% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[623] | March 31 – April 4, 2022 | 1,233 (RV) | — | 45% | 40% | 15% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[624] | April 3, 2022 | 1,205 (LV) | — | 38% | 43% | 19% |
| Marquette Law School[625] | March 14–24, 2022 | 1,004 (A) | ± 4.0% | 41% | 37% | 22% |
| Harvard/Harris[626] | March 23–24, 2022 | 1,990 (RV) | — | 41% | 47% | 12% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[627] | March 17–22, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 46% | 49% | 5% |
| Echelon Insights[628] | March 18–21, 2022 | 1,050 (RV) | — | 46% | 44% | 10% |
| University of Massachusetts Lowell[629] | March 15–21, 2022 | 873 (RV) | ± 3.7% | 44% | 42% | 14% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[630] | March 20, 2022 | 1,193 (LV) | — | 41% | 41% | 18% |
| Emerson College[631] | March 18–20, 2022 | 1,023 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 42% | 45% | 13% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[632] | March 10–14, 2022 | 1,225 (RV) | — | 47% | 39% | 14% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[633] | March 8, 2022 | 1,194 (LV) | — | 40% | 42% | 18% |
| Wall Street Journal[634] | March 2–7, 2022 | 1,500 (RV) | — | 45% | 45% | 9% |
| Schoen Cooperman Research[635] | March 2–6, 2022 | 800 (LV) | — | 44% | 44% | 12% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[636] | February 24–27, 2022 | 1,532 (A) | ± 2.9% | 40% | 39% | 21% |
| NewsNation[637] | February 23–24, 2022 | 1,046 (RV) | — | 37% | 41% | 22% |
| Harvard/Harris[638] | February 23–24, 2022 | 2,026 (RV) | — | 42% | 48% | 10% |
| Echelon Insights[639] | February 19–23, 2022 | 1,078 (RV) | — | 45% | 43% | 12% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[640] | February 23, 2022 | 1,367 (LV) | — | 42% | 38% | 20% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[641] | February 16–22, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 45% | 48% | 7% |
| Emerson College[642] | February 19–20, 2022 | 1,138 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 44% | 48% | 8% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[643] | February 6, 2022 | 1,406 (LV) | — | 41% | 41% | 18% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[644] | January 20–24, 2022 | 1,568 (A) | ± 2.8% | 42% | 40% | 18% |
| Morning Consult[645] | January 22–23, 2022 | 2,005 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 45% | 44% | 11% |
| Echelon Insights[646] | January 21–23, 2022 | 1,098 (RV) | — | 47% | 43% | 10% |
| Marquette Law School[647][l] | January 10–21, 2022 | 1,000 (A) | — | 43% | 33% | 24% |
| Harvard/Harris[648] | January 19–20, 2022 | 1,815 (RV) | — | 40% | 46% | 14% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[649] | January 13–18, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 44% | 49% | 7% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[650] | January 8–9, 2022 | 1,430 (LV) | — | 39% | 38% | 23% |
| PMC[disambiguation needed]/John Bolton Super Pac[651] | January 6, 2022 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 45% | 44% | 11% |
| Rasmussen Reports[652] | January 5, 2022 | 1,015 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 40% | 46% | 14% |
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2021)
| Poll source | Date | Sample size[d] |
Margin of error |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Others/ Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| InsiderAdvantage (R)[653] | December 17–19, 2021 | 750 (RV) | ± 3.6% | 41% | 49% | 10% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[654] | December 18, 2021 | 1,411 (LV) | — | 34% | 39% | 27% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[655] | December 9–13, 2021 | 1,558 (A) | — | 47% | 41% | 12% |
| Echelon Insights[656] | December 9–13, 2021 | 1,098 (RV) | — | 47% | 44% | 9% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[657] | December 5, 2021 | 1,387 (LV) | — | 38% | 42% | 20% |
| Harvard/Harris[658] | November 30 – December 2, 2021 | 1,989 (RV) | — | 45% | 48% | 7% |
| Rasmussen Reports[659] | November 22–23, 2021 | 1,200 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 32% | 45% | 23% |
| Wall Street Journal[660] | November 16–22, 2021 | 1,500 (RV) | — | 46% | 45% | 10% |
| Echelon Insights[661] | November 12–18, 2021 | 1,013 (RV) | — | 45% | 45% | 10% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[662] | November 11–16, 2021 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 44% | 49% | 7% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[663] | November 15, 2021 | 1,500 (RV) | — | 35% | 41% | 24% |
| Marquette Law School[664][m] | November 1–10, 2021 | 1,004 (A) | — | 42% | 34% | 24% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[665] | November 4–8, 2021 | 1,673 (A) | — | 43% | 39% | 18% |
| Suffolk University[666] | November 3–5, 2021 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 40% | 44% | 16% |
| Emerson College[667] | November 3–4, 2021 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 43% | 45% | 12% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[668] | October 31, 2021 | 1,387 (LV) | — | 42% | 42% | 16% |
| Harvard/Harris[669] | October 26–28, 2021 | 1,578 (LV) | — | 45% | 46% | 9% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[670] | October 19–21, 2021 | 1,704 (A) | — | 43% | 40% | 17% |
| Echelon Insights[671] | October 15–19, 2021 | 1,098 (RV) | — | 48% | 42% | 10% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[672] | October 17, 2021 | 1,366 (LV) | — | 42% | 40% | 18% |
| Selzer and Company/Grinnell College[673] | October 13–17, 2021 | 745 (LV) | ± 3.6% | 40% | 40% | 19% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[674] | October 4–6, 2021 | 1,345 (LV) | — | 43% | 41% | 16% |
| Echelon Insights[675] | September 17–23, 2021 | 1,005 (RV) | — | 50% | 39% | 11% |
| Rasmussen Reports[676] | September 21–22, 2021 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 41% | 51% | 8% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[677] | September 19–20, 2021 | 1,330 (LV) | — | 42% | 40% | 18% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[678] | September 9–14, 2021 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 47% | 50% | 3% |
| Redfield and Wilton Strategies[679] | September 4–5, 2021 | 1,357 (LV) | — | 45% | 42% | 13% |
| Emerson College[680] | August 30 – September 1, 2021 | 1,200 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 46% | 47% | 7% |
| Rasmussen Reports[681] | August 16–17, 2021 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 37% | 43% | 20% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[682] | July 30 – August 2, 2021 | 1,552 (A) | — | 47% | 37% | 16% |
| PMC[disambiguation needed]/John Bolton Super Pac[683] | July 8, 2021 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 46% | 43% | 11% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[684] | June 22–24, 2021 | 1,592 (A) | — | 47% | 35% | 18% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[685] | May 24–26, 2021 | 1,588 (A) | — | 46% | 36% | 18% |
| YouGov/Yahoo News[686] | May 11–13, 2021 | 1,561 (A) | — | 48% | 36% | 16% |
| Ipsos/Reuters[687] | April 12–16, 2021 | 1,106 (A) | — | 45% | 28% | 27% |
| PMC[disambiguation needed]/John Bolton Super Pac[688] | April 3–7, 2021 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 46% | 42% | 12% |
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Chase Oliver vs. Jill Stein
| Poll source | Date | Sample size[d] |
Margin of error |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent |
Cornel West Independent |
Chase Oliver Libertarian |
Jill Stein Green |
Others/ Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biden withdraws from the race. | ||||||||||
| NPR/PBS News/Marist College[269] | July 9–10, 2024 | 1,174 (RV) | ± 3.3% | 42% | 43% | 8% | 3% | <1% | 2% | 2% |
| NBC News[271] | July 7–9, 2024 | 800 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 37% | 40% | 10% | 1% | 2% | 3% | 7% |
| Daily Mail/J.L. Partners[278] | July 1–3, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 37% | 43% | 7% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 7% |
| Wall Street Journal[689] | June 29 – July 2, 2024 | 1,500 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 36% | 42% | 7% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 11% |
| New York Times/Siena College[283] | June 28 – July 2, 2024 | 1,532 (LV) | ± 2.3% | 37% | 42% | 8% | <0.5% | 1% | 2% | 9% |
| CNN/SSRS[288] | June 28–30, 2024 | 1,045 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 35% | 41% | 14% | 2% | 1% | 3% | 4% |
| USA Today/Suffolk University[690] | June 28–30, 2024 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 38% | 41% | 8% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 10% |
| New York Times/Siena College[294] | June 20–25, 2024 | 1,226 (LV) | ± 3.2% | 37% | 40% | 7% | <0.5% | 1% | 2% | 12% |
| Quinnipiac University[691] | June 20–24, 2024 | 1,405 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 37% | 43% | 11% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 4% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[297] | June 18–24, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 37% | 39% | 10% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 9% |
| Marist College[692] | June 10–12, 2024 | 1,184 (RV) | ± 3.8% | 41% | 42% | 11% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 1% |
| Data for Progress (D)/Zeteo[331] | May 1–2, 2024 | 1,240 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 40% | 41% | 12% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 5% |
| Data for Progress (D)[355] | March 27–29, 2024 | 1,200 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 41% | 42% | 8% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 6% |
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein
| Poll source | Date | Sample size[d] |
Margin of error |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent |
Cornel West Independent |
Jill Stein Green |
Others/ Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biden withdraws from the race. | |||||||||
| The Center Square/Noble Predictive Insights[267] | July 8–11, 2024 | 2,300 (LV) | ± 2.1% | 40% | 43% | 7% | 1% | 1% | 7% |
| Rasmussen Reports[268] | July 7–11, 2024 | 1,847 (LV) | ± 2.0% | 40% | 46% | 7% | 1% | 1% | 5% |
| NPR/PBS News/Marist College[269] | July 9–10, 2024 | 1,174 (RV) | ± 3.3% | 42% | 43% | 8% | 3% | 2% | 2% |
| Fox News[270] | July 7–10, 2024 | 1,210 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 41% | 44% | 10% | 1% | 3% | 1% |
| The Economist/YouGov[693] | July 7–9, 2024 | 1,443 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 40% | 43% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 11% |
| ABC News/The Washington Post/Ipsos[272] | July 5–9, 2024 | 2,041 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 42% | 43% | 9% | 2% | 2% | 2% |
| Emerson College[273] | July 7–8, 2024 | 1,370 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 40% | 44% | 6% | 1% | 1% | 8% |
| Lord Ashcroft[276] | June 28 – July 7, 2024 | 4,347 (LV) | — | 41% | 39% | 9% | 1% | 1% | 9% |
| Cygnal (R)[279] | July 1–2, 2024 | 1,500 (LV) | ± 2.53% | 38% | 44% | 7% | 2% | 2% | 7% |
| The Economist/YouGov[694] | June 30 – July 2, 2024 | 1,392 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 40% | 42% | 5% | 1% | 1% | 11% |
| CBS News/YouGov[282] | June 28 – July 2, 2024 | 2,808 (LV) | — | 40% | 44% | 11% | 2% | 3% | — |
| Harvard/Harris[286] | June 28–30, 2024 | 2,090 (RV) | — | 38% | 46% | 13% | 2% | 2% | — |
| Forbes/HarrisX[287] | June 28–30, 2024 | 1,500 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 37% | 42% | 16% | 2% | 3% | — |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[293] | June 26–28, 2024 | 1,244 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 40% | 39% | 10% | 2% | 1% | 7% |
| AtlasIntel/CNN Brazil[695] | June 26–28, 2024 | 1,634 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 40% | 46% | 10% | 1% | 1% | 2% |
| The Economist/YouGov[696] | June 23–25, 2024 | 1,406 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 42% | 42% | 4% | 1% | 0% | 10% |
| Leger/New York Post[295] | June 22–24, 2024 | 878 (LV) | ± 3.01% | 38% | 38% | 7% | 2% | 2% | 13% |
| The Economist/YouGov[697] | June 16–18, 2024 | 1,396 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 42% | 42% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 10% |
| Fox News[301] | June 14–17, 2024 | 1,095 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 43% | 42% | 10% | 2% | 2% | 1% |
| New York Post/YouGov[698] | June 11–14, 2024 | 1,011 (RV) | ± 3.6% | 41% | 39% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 16% |
| Echelon Insights[699] | June 10–12, 2024 | 1,013 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 42% | 43% | 7% | 2% | 2% | 3% |
| The Economist/YouGov[700] | June 9–11, 2024 | 1,399 (RV) | ± 3.2% | 40% | 42% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 9% |
| Cygnal (R)[307] | June 4–6, 2024 | 1,500 (LV) | ± 2.53% | 38% | 41% | 8% | 2% | 2% | 8% |
| Emerson College[309] | June 4–5, 2024 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 38.4% | 44.4% | 5.9% | 1% | 1.2% | 9.1% |
| The Economist/YouGov[701] | June 2–4, 2024 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 42% | 42% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 10% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[315] | May 29–31, 2024 | 1,675 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 38% | 38% | 10% | 1% | 2% | 9% |
| Leger/The Canadian Press[316] | May 24–26, 2024 | 883 (LV) | ± 3.09% | 37% | 39% | 9% | 2% | 2% | 11% |
| The Economist/YouGov[702] | May 25–28, 2024 | 1,547 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 40% | 41% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 13% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[318][A] | May 21–23, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 38% | 42% | 9% | 2% | 2% | 7%[n] |
| Emerson College[319] | May 21–23, 2024 | 1,100 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 38.7% | 43.8% | 5.9% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 9.6% |
| The Economist/YouGov[703] | May 19–21, 2024 | 1,560 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 40% | 41% | 5% | 1% | 1% | 12% |
| Quinnipiac University[321] | May 16–20, 2024 | 1,374 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 41% | 38% | 14% | 2% | 2% | 3% |
| Cygnal (R)[323] | May 14–16, 2024 | 1,500 (LV) | ± 2.53% | 38% | 41% | 9% | 2% | 2% | 8% |
| Echelon Insights[324] | May 13–16, 2024 | 1,023 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 38% | 43% | 9% | 1% | 3% | 6% |
| The Economist/YouGov[704] | May 12–14, 2024 | 1,586 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 41% | 42% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 11% |
| Fox News[705] | May 10–13, 2024 | 1,126 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 40% | 43% | 11% | 2% | 2% | 2% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[330] | May 1–3, 2024 | 1,264 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 39% | 38% | 12% | 1% | 1% | 9% |
| USA Today[706] | April 30 – May 3, 2024 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 37% | 37% | 8% | 2% | 1% | 15% |
| The Economist/YouGov[707] | April 28–30, 2024 | 1,479 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 43% | 44% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 8% |
| Leger/The Canadian Press[336] | April 26–28, 2024 | 887 (LV) | ± 3.09% | 38% | 41% | 7% | 1% | 2% | 11% |
| ABC News/Ipsos[708] | April 25–30, 2024 | 2,260 (A) | ± 2.0% | 42% | 42% | 12% | 2% | 1% | 1% |
| HarrisX/Harris[337] | April 24–25, 2024 | 1,961 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 39% | 45% | 12% | 2% | 1% | — |
| The Economist/YouGov[709] | April 21–23, 2024 | 1,470 (RV) | ± 3.3% | 43% | 43% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 11% |
| CNN/SSRS[339] | April 18–23, 2024 | 967 (RV) | ± 3.4% | 33% | 42% | 16% | 4% | 3% | 3% |
| Quinnipiac University[710] | April 18–22, 2024 | 1,429 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 37% | 37% | 16% | 3% | 3% | 4% |
| Marist College[343] | April 17–18, 2024 | 1,047 (RV) | ± 3.6% | 43% | 38% | 13% | 2% | 2% | 2% |
| Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/NBC News[711] | April 12–16, 2024 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 39% | 37% | 13% | 2% | 3% | 6% |
| Emerson College[344] | April 16–17, 2024 | 1,308 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 40% | 44% | 8% | 1% | 0% | 7% |
| The Economist/YouGov[712] | April 14–16, 2024 | 1,358 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 44% | 44% | 3% | 1% | 0% | 8% |
| Echelon Insights[348] | April 12–14, 2024 | 1,020 (LV) | ± 3.9% | 41% | 40% | 11% | 2% | 2% | 4% |
| NY Times/Siena[713] | April 7–11, 2024 | 1,059 (LV) | ± 3.5% | 42% | 43% | 2% | <0.5% | <0.5% | 12% |
| The Economist/YouGov[714] | April 6–9, 2024 | 1,583 (RV) | ± 2.9% | 42% | 43% | 3% | 1% | 0% | 12% |
| Issues & Insights/TIPP[715] | April 3–5, 2024 | 1,265 (RV) | ± 2.8% | 38% | 38% | 11% | 2% | 1% | 11% |
| Emerson College[353] | April 2–3, 2024 | 1,438 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 42% | 43% | 8% | 1% | 1% | 6% |
| The Economist/YouGov[716] | March 30 – April 2, 2024 | 1,604 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 43% | 43% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 9% |
| Trafalgar Group (R)[717] | March 29–31, 2024 | 1,092 (LV) | ± 2.9% | 40% | 43% | 11% | 2% | 1% | 3% |
| NPR/PBS[356] | March 25–28, 2024 | 1,199 (LV) | — | 43% | 41% | 11% | 1% | 2% | 2% |
| Quinnipiac University[718] | March 21–25, 2024 | 1,407 (RV) | — | 38% | 39% | 13% | 3% | 4% | 3% |
| The Economist/YouGov[363] | March 16–19, 2024 | 1,510 (RV) | — | 44% | 43% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 10% |
| Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square[366] | March 11–15, 2024 | 2,510 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 40% | 43% | 7% | 1% | 1% | 7% |
| Emerson College[373] | March 5–6, 2024 | 1,350 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 42% | 43% | 6% | 2% | 1% | 7% |
| Quinnipiac University[377] | February 15–19, 2024 | 1,421 (RV) | ± 2.6% | 38% | 37% | 15% | 3% | 3% | 3% |
| Emerson College[388] | January 26–29, 2024 | 1,260 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 39% | 41% | 5% | 1% | 1% | 13% |
| Quinnipiac University[377] | January 25–29, 2024 | 1,650 (RV) | — | 39% | 37% | 14% | 3% | 2% | 5% |
| Quinnipiac University[404] | December 14–18, 2023 | 1,647 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 36% | 38% | 16% | 3% | 3% | 5%[o] |
| Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[426] | December 10–13, 2023 | 1,007 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 37% | 41% | 14% | 3% | 2% | 4%[p] |
| Emerson College[415] | December 4–6, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3% | 37% | 43% | 7% | 1% | 1% | 12% |
| Emerson College[421] | November 17–20, 2023 | 1,475 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 36% | 42% | 7% | 1% | 1% | 13% |
| Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[426] | November 10–13, 2023 | 1,001 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 35% | 41% | 15% | 3% | 3% | 3% |
| Quinnipiac University[428] | November 9–13, 2023 | 1,574 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 35% | 38% | 17% | 3% | 3% | 4% |
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
| Poll source | Date | Sample size[d] |
Margin of error |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent |
Others/ Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biden withdraws from the race. | |||||||
| Redfield & Wilton Strategies[719] | July 15, 2024 | 2,621 (RV) | — | 42% | 43% | 6% | 9% |
| Pew Research Center[275] | July 1–7, 2024 | 7,729 (RV) | — | 40% | 44% | 15% | 2% |
| Daily Mail/J.L. Partners[278] | July 1–3, 2024 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 37% | 43% | 7% | 13% |
| Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[285] | June 29–30, 2024 | 869 (LV) | — | 39% | 42% | 10% | 9% |
| Harvard/Harris[286] | June 28–30, 2024 | 2,090 (RV) | — | 39% | 46% | 15% | — |
| Forbes/HarrisX[287] | June 28–30, 2024 | 1,500 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 38% | 43% | 19% | — |
| Patriot Polling[720] | June 27–29, 2024 | 1,029 (RV) | — | 41% | 44% | 11% | 4% |
| ActiVote[299] | June 5–21, 2024 | 2,192 (LV) | ± 2.1% | 42% | 44% | 14% | — |
| Reuters/Ipsos[721] | June 12, 2024 | 930 (RV) | ± 3.2% | 37% | 38% | 10% | 16% |
| ActiVote[722] | May 23 – June 4, 2024 | 1,775 (LV) | ± 2.3% | 42% | 45% | 13% | — |
| Reuters/Ipsos[723] | May 30–31, 2024 | 2,135 (RV) | ± 2.1% | 39% | 37% | 10% | 13% |
| ActiVote[320] | May 6–21, 2024 | 1,153 (LV) | ± 2.9% | 42% | 45% | 13% | — |
| Harvard-Harris[322] | May 15–16, 2024 | 1,660 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 40% | 45% | 14% | — |
| Reuters/Ipsos[304] | May 7–14, 2024 | 3,208 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 40% | 40% | 13% | 7% |
| Ipsos[328] | May 7–13, 2024 | 1,730 (RV) | — | 37% | 35% | 5% | 23% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[724] | April 29–30, 2024 | 856 (RV) | ± 3.2% | 39% | 38% | 8% | 15% |
| ActiVote[334] | April 13–30, 2024 | 1,025 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 41.2% | 44.4% | 14.4% | — |
| Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[335] | April 26–28, 2024 | 851 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 43.7% | 39.5% | 11% | 5.9% |
| HarrisX/Harris[337] | April 24–25, 2024 | 1,961 (RV) | ± 2.0% | 41% | 45% | 14% | — |
| Change Research (D)[725] | April 17–22, 2024 | 2,745 (RV) | — | 38% | 39% | 8% | 14% |
| ActiVote[350] | March 24 – April 10, 2024 | 995 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 41% | 44% | 15% | — |
| Reuters/Ipsos[726] | March 7–13, 2024 | 3,356 (RV) | — | 43% | 38% | 12% | 7% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[727] | January 3–9, 2024 | 4,677 (RV) | ± 1.5% | 29% | 30% | 18% | 23% |
| Quinnipiac University[404] | December 14–18, 2023 | 1,647 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 38% | 36% | 22% | 4% |
| Rasmussen Reports[412] | December 6–7 & 10, 2023 | 892 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 32% | 40% | 16% | 12%[q] |
| Cygnal (R)[413] | December 5–7, 2023 | 2,000 (LV) | ± 2.16% | 42% | 43% | 9% | 6% |
| Harvard/Harris[728] | November 15–16, 2023 | 2,851 (RV) | — | 36% | 44% | 21% | 0% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[395] | November 13–14, 2023 | 1,006 (RV) | ± 3.8% | 30% | 32% | 20% | 18% |
| Quinnipiac University[729] | November 9–13, 2023 | 1,574 (RV) | ± 2.5% | 37% | 38% | 21% | 4% |
| Rasmussen Reports[730] | November 8–12, 2023 | 987 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 38% | 39% | 12% | 11% |
| Sienna College[731] | October 22 – November 3, 2023 | 3,662 (RV) | ± 1.8% | 33% | 35% | 24% | 8% |
| Cygnal (R)[732] | October 30 – November 1, 2023 | 2,000 (LV) | ± 2.2% | 40% | 39% | 12% | 8% |
| American Pulse Research & Polling[436] | October 27–30, 2023 | 568 (LV) | ± 4.1% | 39% | 39% | 11% | 11% |
| Quinnipiac University[733] | October 26–30, 2023 | 1,610 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 39% | 36% | 22% | 3% |
| Redfield & Wilton[734] | October 29, 2023 | 1,500 (LV) | ± 2.0% | 38% | 40% | 10% | 12% |
| Susquehanna[735] | October 17–27, 2023 | 1,000 (LV) | ± 3.2% | 47% | 40% | 6% | 7% |
| McLaughlin and Associates[736] | October 23–26, 2023 | 449 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 37% | 39% | 14% | 11% |
| USA Today/Suffolk University[737] | October 17–20, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 38% | 37% | 14% | 11% |
| Harvard Harris[440] | October 18–19, 2023 | 2,103 (RV) | ± 2% | 36% | 42% | 22% | — |
| Yahoo News/YouGov[738] | October 10–16, 2023 | 1,123 (RV) | ± 2.7% | 40% | 39% | 9% | 12% |
| NPR/PBS/Marist[739] | October 11, 2023 | 1,218 (RV) | ± 3.9% | 44% | 37% | 16% | 3% |
| Kennedy announces he will run as an independent candidate | |||||||
| Fox News[446] | October 6–9, 2023 | 1,007 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 41% | 41% | 16% | 2% |
| Cygnal (R)[740] | October 3–5, 2023 | 2,000 (A) | ± 2.16% | 39% | 40% | 12% | 9% |
| Reuters/Ipsos[741] | October 3–4, 2023 | 1,005 (A) | ± 4.0% | 31% | 33% | 14% | 22% |
| Echelon Insights[448] | September 25–28, 2023 | 1,011 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 36% | 40% | 14% | 10% |
| American Values[742] | September 24, 2023 | 1,008 | ± 3.2% | 38% | 38% | 19% | 5% |
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West
| Poll source | Date | Sample size[d] |
Margin of error |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Cornel West Independent |
Others/ Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biden withdraws from the race. | |||||||
| The Wall Street Journal[743] | August 24–30, 2023 | 1,500 (RV) | — | 39% | 40% | 2% | 19% |
| Emerson College[744] | August 25–26, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 39% | 44% | 4% | 13% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[745] | August 15–23, 2023 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 41% | 42% | 6% | 11% |
| Emerson College[746] | August 16–17, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 41% | 42% | 5% | 12% |
| McLaughlin & Associates[747] | July 19–24, 2023 | 1,000 (LV) | — | 40% | 42% | 5% | 13% |
| Echelon Insights[748] | June 26–29, 2023 | 1,020 (LV) | ± 3.9% | 42% | 43% | 4% | 11% |
| Emerson College[467] | June 19–20, 2023 | 1,015 (RV) | ± 3.0% | 40% | 41% | 6% | 13% |
Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West
| Poll source | Date | Sample size[d] |
Margin of error |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent |
Cornel West Independent |
Others/ Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biden withdraws from the race. | ||||||||
| Big Village[749] | June 7–9, 2024 | 1,423 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 43% | 42% | 7% | 1% | 7% |
| Big Village[750] | May 3–8, 2024 | 3,032 (LV) | ± 2.0% | 41.9% | 40.6% | 8.8% | 1.2% | 7.5% |
| Big Village[751] | March 29–31, 2024 | 1,425 (LV) | ± 3.4% | 42% | 40% | 8% | 2% | 8% |
| SSRS/CNN[416] | November 29 – December 6, 2023 | 1,197 (RV) | ± 3.4% | 31% | 39% | 20% | 6% | 4%[r] |
| HarrisX[418] | November 22–28, 2023 | 4,003 (RV) | — | 33% | 41% | 13% | 2% | 11% |
| HarrisX/The Messenger[752] | November 15–19, 2023 | 3,017 (LV) | ± 1.8% | 33% | 40% | 14% | 2% | 11% |
| Big Village[753] | October 30 – November 5, 2023 | 1,497 (LV) | ± 2.2% | 37.1% | 40.1% | 12.4% | 1.7% | 8.7% |
| CNN/SSRS[754] | October 27 – November 2, 2023 | 1,271 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 35% | 41% | 16% | 4% | 3% |
| HarrisX/The Messenger[434] | October 30 – November 1, 2023 | 2,021 (RV) | ± 2.2% | 36% | 41% | 11% | 2% | 10% |
| Quinnipiac University[733] | October 26–30, 2023 | 1,610 (RV) | ± 2.4% | 36% | 35% | 19% | 6% | 4% |
| McLaughlin and Associates (R)[755] | October 23–26, 2023 | 449 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 35% | 38% | 12% | 2% | 13% |
| Harris X/The Messenger[756] | October 16–23, 2023 | 3,029 (RV) | ± 1.8% | 35% | 38% | 13% | 2% | 12% |
| USA Today/Suffolk University[439] | October 17–20, 2023 | 1,000 (RV) | ± 3.1% | 37% | 37% | 13% | 4% | 9% |
| Harvard/Harris X[757] | October 18–19, 2023 | 2,116 (RV) | ± 2% | 31% | 39% | 18% | 3% | 9% |
| Zogby Analytics[758] | October 13–15, 2023 | 869 (LV) | ± 3.3% | 41.2% | 42.6% | 12.5% | 3.7% | — |
| Kennedy announces he will run as an independent candidate | ||||||||
| West announces he will run as an independent candidate | ||||||||
Biden, Trump, Kennedy, West, and Stein
Biden, Trump, and Kennedy
| Source of poll aggregation |
Dates administered |
Dates updated |
Joe Biden Democratic |
Donald Trump Republican |
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent |
Others/ Undecided [c] |
Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decision Desk HQ/The Hill | through July 23, 2024 | July 23, 2024 | 38.6% | 42.6% | 8.7% | 10.1% | Trump +4.0% |
| 538 | through July 21, 2024 | July 21, 2024 | 40.2% | 43.5% | 8.7% | 7.6% | Trump +3.3% |
| Average | 39.4% | 43.05% | 8.7% | 8.85% | Trump +3.65% | ||
Forecasts
Elections analysts and political pundits issue probabilistic forecasts to give readers a sense of how probable various electoral outcomes are. These forecasts use a variety of factors to determine the likelihood of each candidate winning each state. Most election predictors use the following ratings:
- "tossup": no advantage
- "tilt" (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
- "lean" or "leans": slight advantage
- "likely": significant, but surmountable, advantage
- "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory
Below is a list of states considered by one or more forecast to be competitive; states that are deemed to be "safe" or "solid" by all forecasters (The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, Inside Elections, CNalysis, and CNN) are omitted for brevity.
| State | EVs | PVI[759] | 2020 result |
2020 margin[760] |
IE April 26, 2023[761] |
Sabato January 3, 2024[762] |
Cook December 19, 2023[763] |
CNalysis December 30, 2023[764] |
CNN January 31, 2024[765] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | 3 | R+8 | 52.8% R | 10.06% | Solid R | Likely R | Solid R | Very Likely R | Solid R |
| Arizona | 11 | R+2 | 49.4% D | 0.31% | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup |
| Colorado | 10 | D+4 | 55.4% D | 13.50% | Solid D | Solid D | Solid D | Solid D | Lean D |
| Florida | 30 | R+3 | 51.2% R | 3.36% | Lean R | Likely R | Likely R | Very Likely R | Lean R |
| Georgia | 16 | R+3 | 49.5% D | 0.24% | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Lean R |
| Iowa | 6 | R+6 | 53.1% R | 8.20% | Likely R | Likely R | Solid R | Solid R | Solid R |
| Maine[s] | 2 | D+2 | 53.1% D | 9.07% | Likely D | Likely D | Likely D | Very Likely D | Solid D |
| ME–02[s] | 1 | R+6 | 52.3% R | 7.44% | Lean R | Lean R | Likely R | Very Likely R | Lean R |
| Michigan | 15 | R+1 | 50.6% D | 2.78% | Tilt D | Lean D | Tossup | Tossup | Lean R |
| Minnesota | 10 | D+1 | 52.4% D | 7.11% | Lean D | Likely D | Likely D | Very Likely D | Lean D |
| NE–02[s] | 1 | EVEN | 52.0% D | 6.50% | Lean D | Lean D | Likely D | Lean D | Tossup |
| Nevada | 6 | R+1 | 50.1% D | 2.39% | Tilt D | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Lean R |
| New Hampshire | 4 | D+1 | 52.7% D | 7.35% | Lean D | Lean D | Likely D | Very Likely D | Lean D |
| New Mexico | 5 | D+3 | 54.3% D | 10.79% | Solid D | Likely D | Solid D | Solid D | Lean D |
| North Carolina | 16 | R+3 | 49.9% R | 1.35% | Tilt R | Lean R | Lean R | Tossup | Lean R |
| Ohio | 17 | R+6 | 53.3% R | 8.03% | Likely R | Likely R | Solid R | Very Likely R | Solid R |
| Oregon | 8 | D+6 | 56.4% D | 16.08% | Solid D | Solid D | Solid D | Solid D | Lean D |
| Pennsylvania | 19 | R+2 | 50.0% D | 1.16% | Tossup | Lean D | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup |
| Texas | 40 | R+5 | 52.1% R | 5.58% | Likely R | Likely R | Likely R | Lean R | Solid R |
| Virginia | 13 | D+3 | 54.1% D | 10.11% | Likely D | Likely D | Solid D | Very Likely D | Lean D |
| Wisconsin | 10 | R+2 | 49.5% D | 0.63% | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup | Tossup |
| Overall | D – 247 R – 235 56 tossups |
D – 260 R – 235 43 tossups |
D – 226 R – 235 77 tossups |
D – 226 R – 219 93 tossups |
D – 225 R – 272 41 tossups | ||||
Debates
The Commission on Presidential Debates announced the schedule on November 20, 2023. It will host four debates in 2024.
- September 16 at Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas (presidential debate).
- September 25 at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania (vice presidential debate).
- October 1 at Virginia State University in Petersburg, Virginia (presidential debate).
- October 9 at University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah (presidential debate).
To qualify for the debates, candidates must appear on enough ballots to be able to win a majority of the electoral votes, must be constitutionally eligible, and poll an average of at least 15% in national polls from organizations selected by the commission.[766]
See also
- 2024 United States elections
- Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election
- Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election
- Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election
Notes
- ^ Attributed to multiple references:[96][97][98][99][100][101]
- ^ Ayyadurai is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen, but he claims he can run for office.
- ^ a b c Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear - ^ "Third party" with 5%
- ^ "Another candidate" with 11%; Undecided with 4%
- ^ With voters who lean towards a given candidate
- ^ "Other" with 2%; "Wouldn't vote" & "Don't know" with 1%
- ^ "Would not vote" with 6%; "Not sure" with 4%
- ^ "Some other candidate" with 10%; "Not sure" with 4%
- ^ "Other" with 8%; "Do not plan to vote" and "No opinion" with 1%
- ^ Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lars Mapstead (L) with 1%
- ^ "Undecided" with 3%; "Someone else" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
- ^ "Don't know" with 2%; "Other" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
- ^ "Some other candidate" & "Not sure" with 6%
- ^ "No opinion" with 2%; "Other" & "Do not plan to vote" with 1%
- ^ a b c Unlike the other 48 states and Washington, D.C., which award all of their electors to the candidate who receives the most votes in that state, Maine and Nebraska award two electors to the winner of the statewide vote and one each to the candidate who receives the most votes in each congressional district.
References
- ^ "Election Planning Calendar" (PDF). Essex-Virginia.org. Essex County, Virginia. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
- ^ Kinery, Emma (April 25, 2023). "Biden launches 2024 reelection campaign, promising to fulfill economic policy vision". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
- ^ Singman, Brooke (November 7, 2022). "Donald Trump announces 2024 re-election run for president". Fox News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- ^ Gold, Michael; Nehamas, Nicholas (March 13, 2024). "Donald Trump and Joe Biden Clinch Their Party Nominations". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
- ^ Nuzzi, Olivia (November 22, 2023). "The Mind-Bending Politics of RFK Jr". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on March 6, 2024. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
The general election is now projected to be a three-way race between Biden, Trump, and their mutual, Kennedy, with a cluster of less popular third-party candidates filling out the constellation.
- ^ Pellish, Aaron (October 9, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. announces independent run for president, ending Democratic primary challenge to Biden". CNN. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
- ^ a b Benson, Samuel (November 2, 2023). "RFK Jr.'s big gamble". Deseret News. Archived from the original on November 21, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
Early polls show Kennedy polling in the teens or low 20s
- ^ a b Enten, Harry (November 11, 2023). "How RFK Jr. could change the outcome of the 2024 election". CNN. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
- ^ a b Collins, Eliza (March 26, 2024). "RFK Jr. to Name Nicole Shanahan as Running Mate for Presidential Bid". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
- ^ For sources on this, see:
- Edsall, Thomas B. (April 12, 2023). "How The Right Came To Embrace Intrusive Government". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
Republicans in states across the country are defiantly pushing for the criminalization of abortion — of the procedure, of abortifacient drugs and of those who travel out of state to terminate pregnancy... According to research provided to The Times by the Kaiser Family Foundation, states that have abortion bans at various early stages of pregnancy with no exception for rape or incest include Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia and Wisconsin.
- Allison, Natalie (June 24, 2022). "Roe reversal divides 2024 GOP field". Politico. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2022.
- Weisman, Jonathan (April 11, 2023). "Pressured by Their Base on Abortion, Republicans Strain to Find a Way Forward". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 11, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- Godfrey, Elaine (May 4, 2022). "The GOP's Strange Turn Against Rape Exceptions". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
- Edsall, Thomas B. (April 12, 2023). "How The Right Came To Embrace Intrusive Government". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ McCammon, Sarah (November 8, 2023). "Abortion rights win big in 2023 elections, again". NPR. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ Colvin, Jill; Miller, Zeke (November 27, 2023). "Trump says he will renew efforts to replace 'Obamacare' if he wins a second term". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
- ^ Manchester, Julia (January 29, 2023). "Republicans see education as winning issue in 2024". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 29, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
- ^ Cook, Charlie (March 2, 2023). "Will 2024 Be About the Economy, or the Candidates?". Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- ^ Ward, Alexander; Berg, Matt (October 20, 2023). "2024: The foreign policy election?". Politico. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
- ^ Arnsdorf, Isaac. "Trump brags about efforts to stymie border talks: 'Please blame it on me'". New York Times. Archived from the original on January 28, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ "Here's where the 2024 presidential candidates stand on LGBTQ+ issues". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ Gongloff, Mark (January 30, 2024). "The 2024 election just might turn on … climate change?". Portland Press Herald. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
- ^ Fields, Gary; Sanders, Linley (December 15, 2023). "Americans agree that the 2024 election will be pivotal for democracy, but for different reasons". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 16, 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ Lemire, Jonathan; Ward, Myah (December 7, 2023). "Trump's 'dictator' remark puts 2024 campaign right where Biden wants it". Politico. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ "Saving democracy is central to Biden's campaign messaging. Will it resonate with swing state voters?". CBS News. February 18, 2024. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
- ^ "US Election guide: how does the election work?". The Daily Telegraph. November 6, 2012. Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
- ^ Megerian, Chris (October 17, 2022). "For Biden and Trump, 2022 is 2020 sequel — and 2024 preview?". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ^ Baker, Peter (December 2, 2020). "Trump Hints at Another Act in Four Years, Just Like Grover Cleveland". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- ^ Halpert, Madeline; Drenon, Brandon (December 19, 2023). "Colorado Supreme Court kicks Trump off ballot, citing 'insurrection'". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- ^ Smith, Mitch (February 28, 2024). "Judge Orders Trump Removed From Illinois Primary Ballots". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
- ^ a b Freiman, Jordan; Kaufman, Katrina; Kazarian, Grace (December 28, 2023). "Maine secretary of state disqualifies Trump from primary ballot". CBS News. Archived from the original on December 29, 2023. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
- ^ "Trump back on ballot in Colorado while state Republicans appeal ban to Supreme Court". CBS News. December 28, 2023. Archived from the original on December 29, 2023. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
- ^ Frtize, John (March 4, 2024). "Supreme Court keeps Trump on Colorado ballot, rejecting 14th Amendment push". Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ^ Samuels, Brett (June 13, 2022). "Trump releases 12-page response to Jan. 6 hearing". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ^ Feinberg, Andrew (August 29, 2022). "Trump demands 'new election immediately' in bizarre post on Truth Social". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 18, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ^ Waldman, Michael (February 1, 2022). "How Bad Could the 2024 Election Be?". Brennan Center for Justice. Archived from the original on November 29, 2022. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
- ^ Balz, Dan; Ence Morse, Clara (August 18, 2023). "American democracy is cracking. These forces help explain why". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
- ^ Leonhardt, David (September 17, 2022). "A Crisis Coming: The Twin Threats to American Democracy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
- ^ Gambino, Lauren (November 5, 2023). "With the US election a year away, most Americans don't want Biden or Trump". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
- ^ Smith, Allan; Gomez, Henry J. (November 7, 2022). "Republicans switched gears to focus on issues such as inflation and crime that poll highest among voter concerns". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 7, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
- ^ "Is Our Democracy Under Threat?". www.rutgers.edu. Archived from the original on October 25, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
- ^ McArdle, Megan (May 21, 2015). "2016 Might Look Safe to Democrats. But 2024?". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
- ^ Janda, Kenneth (2013). The Challenge of Democracy: American Government in Global Politics. Wadsworth. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-133-60230-9.
- ^ Neale, Thomas (2012). The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
- ^ Dorman, John L. "Six battleground states will hold the key to the White House in 2024". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- ^ "North Carolina may be the hottest political battleground of 2024". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on June 15, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
- ^ Mondeaux, Cami (December 30, 2022). "Who's in and who's out: Here are the battleground states to watch in 2024". The Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on December 30, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- ^ Kaul, Greta (November 4, 2020). "Biden wins Minnesota, continuing decades-long Democratic streak". minnpost.com. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
- ^ Smith, David (March 8, 2021). "'We're making our way': how Virginia became the most progressive southern state". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- ^ Levitz, Eric (October 19, 2022). "How the Diploma Divide Is Remaking American Politics". New York. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
Blue America is an increasingly wealthy and well-educated place. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Americans without college degrees were more likely than university graduates to vote Democratic. But that gap began narrowing in the late 1960s before finally flipping in 2004... A more educated Democratic coalition is, naturally, a more affluent one... In every presidential election from 1948 to 2012, white voters in the top 5 percent of America's income distribution were more Republican than those in the bottom 95 percent. Now, the opposite is true: Among America's white majority, the rich voted to the left of the middle class and the poor in 2016 and 2020, while the poor voted to the right of the middle class and the rich.
- ^ Edsall, Thomas (February 1, 2023). "How Much Longer Can 'Vote Blue No Matter Who!' Last?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
- ^ Goldberg, Zach (January 31, 2023). "The Rise of College-Educated Democrats". Manhattan Institute. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
- ^ Munis, Kal; Jacobs, Nicholas (October 20, 2022). "Why Resentful Rural Americans Vote Republican". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
...that the disproportionately White, older, more religious, less affluent and less highly educated voters who live in rural areas are more likely to hold socially conservative views generally championed by Republicans. Meanwhile, urban areas are filled with younger, more racially diverse, more highly educated and more affluent people who hold the more socially liberal views generally championed by Democrats.
- ^ Brownstein, Roland (August 10, 2021). "This may be the Democrats' last chance to recover working-class Whites". CNN. Archived from the original on May 26, 2023. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- ^ Charen, Mona (November 9, 2018). "Who Votes Republican". RealClearPolitics.com. Real Clear Politics. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- ^ Cost, Jay. "Losing the Suburbs". AEI.com. AEI. Archived from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- ^ Gonyea, Don. "Amid Changing Political Landscape, Suburbs No Longer Belong To GOP". NPR. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- ^ Goldmacher, Shane (November 5, 2023). "Trump Leads in 5 Critical States as Voters Blast Biden, Times/Siena Poll Finds". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
- ^ Cohn, Nate (September 15, 2023). "Why Are Democrats Losing Ground Among Nonwhite Voters? 5 Theories". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
- ^ Cohn, Nate (September 5, 2023). "Consistent Signs of Erosion in Black and Hispanic Support for Biden". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 27, 2023. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
- ^ Shalal, Andrea (October 31, 2023). "Arab American support for Biden, Democrats plummets over Israel, poll shows". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
- ^ Cohn, Nate (November 27, 2023). "Why Biden's Weakness Among Young Voters Should Be Taken Seriously". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
- ^ Adam Carlson (December 4, 2023). "What Do Aggregated Crosstabs Tell Us About 2024?". Split Ticket. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ Arlette Saenz; MJ Lee (January 12, 2024). "Biden campaign grapples with undecided voters who don't yet believe Trump could be the nominee". CNN. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ Mellman, Mark (December 6, 2023). "The problem with interpreting poll crosstabs". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ Faria, Zachary (November 7, 2023). "Trump's strong general election polling is a mirage". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ "The Unpollable Election". Yahoo News. December 19, 2023. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ "For Biden, youth vote polling is a warning, not the apocalypse". Brookings. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ Fortinsky, Sarah (December 20, 2023). "Young voters right now overwhelmingly prefer Biden: The Economist/YouGov poll". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ "The Economist/YouGov Poll" (PDF). January 21–23, 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ "2024 Presidential Race Stays Static In The Face Of Major Events, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; RFK Jr. Receives 22% As Independent Candidate In 3-Way Race". Quinnipiac University Polling Institute. November 1, 2023. Archived from the original on November 2, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
- ^ "In 3-Way Race, Independent Robert Kennedy Jr. Garners 24% Across 6 Battleground States; Trump 35%, Biden 33%, Kennedy 24%; RFK Noses Ahead Among Voters Under 45". Siena College Research Institute. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
- ^ a b Benson, Samuel (November 21, 2023). "Cornel West thinks the U.S. is in "spiritual decay." That's why he's running for president". Deseret News. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ Kurtzleben, Danielle (November 2, 2023). "Democrats sound alarms over No Labels third-party bid". NPR. Archived from the original on November 4, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- ^ Enten, Harry (November 11, 2023). "How RFK Jr. could change the outcome of the 2024 election". CNN.com. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
- ^ Blake, Aaron (October 27, 2023). "Third-party candidates see some of their best polls since Ross Perot". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- ^ a b c For sources on this, see:
- Edsall, Thomas B. (April 12, 2023). "How The Right Came To Embrace Intrusive Government". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
Republicans in states across the country are defiantly pushing for the criminalization of abortion — of the procedure, of abortifacient drugs and of those who travel out of state to terminate pregnancy... According to research provided to The Times by the Kaiser Family Foundation, states that have abortion bans at various early stages of pregnancy with no exception for rape or incest include Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia and Wisconsin.
- Allison, Natalie (June 24, 2022). "Roe reversal divides 2024 GOP field". Politico. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2022.
- Weisman, Jonathan (April 11, 2023). "Pressured by Their Base on Abortion, Republicans Strain to Find a Way Forward". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 11, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- Godfrey, Elaine (May 4, 2022). "The GOP's Strange Turn Against Rape Exceptions". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
- Edsall, Thomas B. (April 12, 2023). "How The Right Came To Embrace Intrusive Government". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ a b Kimball, Spencer (February 10, 2023). "Republicans back lawsuit to overturn FDA approval of abortion pill and pull the medication from U.S. market". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
- ^ Feiner, Lauren (May 20, 2022). "Democratic senators concerned about phone location data being used to track people seeking abortions". CNBC. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ Kilgore, Ed (June 21, 2023). "House GOP Forges Ahead on Wildly Unpopular National Abortion Ban". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
- ^ Kinery, Emma (October 18, 2022). "Biden to ask Congress to codify Roe v. Wade abortion rights protections if Democrats keep control". CNBC. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Ollstein, Alice Miranda (January 22, 2024). "Biden leans into abortion, contraception as 2024 campaign strategy takes shape". POLITICO. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "Trump: 'I was able to kill Roe v. Wade'". NBC News. May 17, 2023. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "Trump criticizes Republicans pushing abortion bans with no exceptions: 'You're not going to win'". NBC News. September 16, 2023. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Leonhardt, David (January 17, 2024). "A 2024 Vulnerability". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ "Americans agree that the 2024 election will be pivotal for democracy, but for different reasons". AP News. December 15, 2023. Archived from the original on December 16, 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ "America's immigration policies are failing". The Economist. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ a b c Garsd, Jasmine (December 13, 2023). "Where the Republican presidential candidates stand on immigration". NPR. Archived from the original on February 10, 2024. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ Ebrahimji, Alisha (December 30, 2023). "Texas is sending asylum seekers to major cities by bus with little notice. A coalition of mayors implement new rules to slow the surge". CNN. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ Richard Cowan; Picas Costas. "US Senate unveils $118 billion bill on border security, aid for Ukraine, Israel". Reuters. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "RFK Jr. Sides with Texas in Border Battle Against Biden Admin". MSN. Archived from the original on March 22, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ Baker, Peter (July 25, 2023). "Biden Takes His Battle for Democracy Case by Case". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ Lemire, Jonathan; Ward, Myah (December 7, 2023). "Trump's 'dictator' remark puts 2024 campaign right where Biden wants it". Politico. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ Jill Colvin; Bill Barrow (December 7, 2023). "Trump's vow to only be a dictator on 'day one' follows growing worry over his authoritarian rhetoric". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
- ^ Michael C. Bender; Michael Gold (November 20, 2023). "Trump's Dire Words Raise New Fears About His Authoritarian Bent". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
- ^ a b Baker, Peter (December 9, 2023). "Talk of a Trump Dictatorship Charges the American Political Debate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ Ibrahim, Nur (December 5, 2022). "Did Trump Say Election Fraud Allows for 'Termination' of US Constitution?". Snopes. Archived from the original on May 31, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
In sum, Trump posted on Truth Social that, what he believed to be, election fraud in the 2020 presidential election allows "for the termination of all rules, regulations, and articles, even those found in the Constitution." For that reason, we rated this claim "Correct Attribution."
- ^ Astor, Maggie (December 4, 2022). "Trump's Call for 'Termination' of Constitution Draws Rebukes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 4, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
- ^ Olivia Ronaldi (December 6, 2023). "Trump says he would be a dictator only on "Day One" if he wins a second term". CBS News. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ David A. Graham (December 6, 2023). "Trump Says He'll Be a Dictator on 'Day One'". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ Adam Wren (December 6, 2023). "Trump's 'dictator' remark jolts the 2024 campaign - and tests his GOP rivals on debate day". Politico. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ David Jackson (December 6, 2023). "Donald Trump says he will be a 'dictator' only on 'day one.' Then he'll focus on drilling". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ Michael Gold (December 6, 2023). "Trump Says He Wouldn't Be a Dictator, 'Except for Day 1'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ Mariana Alfero (December 6, 2023). "Trump says he wouldn't be a dictator 'except for Day One'". Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ Swan, Jonathan; Savage, Charlie; Haberman, Maggie (June 15, 2023). "The Radical Strategy Behind Trump's Promise to 'Go After' Biden". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ "Trump Is Lying About Another Election Being 'Stolen' From Him – The One Still A Year Away". HuffPost. October 7, 2023. Archived from the original on October 7, 2023. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
- ^ Mizelle, Shawna (February 22, 2023). "Lawmakers in 32 states have introduced bills to restrict voting so far this legislative session". CNN. Archived from the original on December 10, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ Skelley, Geoffrey (May 17, 2021). "How The Republican Push To Restrict Voting Could Affect Our Elections". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on October 21, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ Gardner, Amy (March 26, 2021). "After Trump tried to intervene in the 2020 vote, state Republicans are moving to take more control of elections". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 14, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ Fields, Gary; Sanders, Linley (December 15, 2023). "Americans agree that the 2024 election will be pivotal for democracy, but for different reasons". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 16, 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ Goldmacher, Shane (October 17, 2022). "Republicans Gain Edge as Voters Worry About Economy, Times/Siena Poll Finds". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ Montanaro, Domenico (March 29, 2023). "Poll: Dangers for both parties on the economy, crime and transgender rights". NPR. Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
- ^ Roche, Darragh (July 19, 2023). "Election 2024 poll: How voters feel about key issues". Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ Siders, David (April 2, 2020). "How the coronavirus is shaping the 2024 presidential race". Politico. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- ^ Kalish, Ira; Wolf, Michael (February 18, 2022). "Global surge in inflation". Deloitte. Archived from the original on June 20, 2022.
- ^ Mui, Christine (June 13, 2022). "Top economist Mark Zandi says forget Biden's stimulus—Putin's war in Ukraine is by far the biggest driver of inflation". Fortune. Archived from the original on June 15, 2022.
- ^ Enten, Harry (December 21, 2021). "Biden's economic ratings are worse than Carter's". CNN. Archived from the original on December 25, 2021.
- ^ Panetta, Grace (April 25, 2023). "Biden's reelection could hinge on how much women voters trust him on the economy". The 19th. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ Panetta, Grace (May 8, 2023). "Why child care can't be overlooked as an issue in 2024". The 19th. Archived from the original on May 8, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ "A potential Trump-Biden contest could hinge on the economy. Here's how their plans differ". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Segers, Grace (March 12, 2021). "Biden signs $1.9 trillion COVID relief bill, American Rescue Plan, into law". CBS News. Archived from the original on March 12, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Naylor, Brian; Walsh, Deirdre (November 15, 2021). "Biden signs the $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill into law". NPR. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Donald Judd; Maegan Vazquez (August 16, 2022). "Biden signs Inflation Reduction Act into law". CNN Politics. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Ferris, Gabe (August 9, 2022). "Biden signs CHIPS Act, intended to relieve the pandemic-era computer chip shortage". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Ewing, Giselle Ruhiyyih (June 3, 2023). "Biden signs debt ceiling bill". POLITICO. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "Trump signs tax cut bill, first big legislative win". NBC News. December 22, 2017. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Samuels, Brett (December 28, 2020). "Trump signs $2.3T relief, spending package". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 10, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Hagen, Lydia Wheeler and Lisa (January 30, 2017). "Trump signs '2-for-1' order to reduce regulations". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ a b Turner, Cory (December 6, 2023). "Government efforts to erase student loan debt have now reached 3.6 million borrowers". NPR. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "FACT SHEET: President Biden Announces Student Loan Relief for Borrowers Who Need It Most". The White House. August 24, 2022. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
- ^ Nicholas, Peter (June 30, 2023). "Biden moves quickly in effort to reassure young voters on student loans". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ Sherman, Mark (June 30, 2023). "The Supreme Court rejects Biden's plan to wipe away $400 billion in student loan debt". Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
- ^ Potts, Monica (June 30, 2023). "The Supreme Court Killed Biden's Student Loan Forgiveness Plan. What Does That Mean For 2024?". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ Minsky, Adam S. "Republicans Unite To Oppose Biden's Student Loan Forgiveness And Debt Relief Initiatives". Forbes. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Lim, Naomi (May 5, 2023). "Biden makes women the key to his 2024 reelection plans". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ Wilson, Reid (June 23, 2021). "GOP sees critical race theory battle as potent midterm weapon". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
- ^ Asmelash, Leah (May 5, 2021). "A school district tried to address racism, a group of parents fought back". CNN. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
- ^ Manchester, Julia (January 29, 2023). "Republicans see education as winning issue in 2024". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 29, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
- ^ Snyder, Timothy (June 29, 2021). "The War on History Is a War on Democracy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
- ^ Allen, Jonathan; Dixon, Matt (October 20, 2023). "Israel-Hamas war ignites fight between Ron DeSantis and Nikki Haley". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- ^ Liptak, Kevin (February 20, 2023). "Biden makes surprise visit to Ukraine for first time since full-scale war began". CNN. Archived from the original on February 22, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
- ^ "US to send $425 million in aid to Ukraine, US officials say". Associated Press. November 2, 2023. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
- ^ Amanda Macias; Holly Ellyatt (September 6, 2023). "Blinken announces $1 billion Ukraine aid package during surprise visit". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
- ^ Lukpat, Alyssa; Calfas, Jennifer (June 9, 2023). "Your Guide to the 2024 Presidential Election". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
- ^ Brownstein, Ronald (March 28, 2023). "In 2024, Republicans may complete a historic foreign policy reversal". CNN. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
- ^ Meyer, Ken (June 4, 2023). "Vivek Ramaswamy Proposes 'Major Concessions to Russia' in Contentious Interview With ABC's Martha Raddatz". Mediaite. Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ^ Baker, Peter (October 10, 2023). "In Unforgiving Terms, Biden Condemns 'Evil' and 'Abhorrent' Attack on Israel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
- ^ Shear, Michael; Demirjian, Karoun (October 20, 2023). "Biden Requests $105 Billion Aid Package for Israel, Ukraine and Other Crises". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
- ^ DeChalus, Camila (January 27, 2024). "Biden's Gaza problems are deeper than just being interrupted in public". CNN Politics. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "What have US presidential candidates said about Hamas' attack on Israel?". Reuters. October 12, 2023. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Samuels, Brett (November 28, 2023). "Trump gives mixed messages on how he'd handle Israel-Hamas war". The Hill. Archived from the original on March 22, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Vazquez, Maegan (October 27, 2023). "Trump doubles down on calling Hezbollah 'very smart'". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on October 28, 2023. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
- ^ Colvin, Jill; Miller, Zeke (November 27, 2023). "Trump says he will renew efforts to replace 'Obamacare' if he wins a second term". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
- ^ Larry Levitt (July 20, 2023). "Health Care Issues in the Early Stages of the 2024 Election". KFF. Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- ^ Bradner, Eric (September 12, 2023). "2024 GOP contenders clash over Covid-19 records as they warn against future mandates". CNN. Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- ^ Benson, Samuel (November 2, 2023). "RFK Jr.'s big gamble". Deseret News. Archived from the original on November 2, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
He's shared a number of controversial theories relating to school shootings and COVID-19 vaccines. In more recent interviews, however, he's taken a more measured approach... Early polls show Kennedy polling in the teens or low 20s — a major underdog, but enough to put both major party nominees on edge...
- ^ "WATCH: Biden delivers remarks on lowering prescription drug prices during visit to NIH". PBS NewsHour. December 14, 2023. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ Rogers, Kaleigh; Radcliffe, Mary (May 25, 2023). "Over 100 Anti-LGBTQ+ Laws Passed In The Last Five Years — Half Of Them This Year". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on May 25, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
- ^ "BREAKING: Louisiana Legislature Passes Bills Targeting LGBTQ+ Youth". Human Rights Campaign. June 5, 2023. Archived from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
- ^ "Here's where the 2024 presidential candidates stand on LGBTQ+ issues". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
- ^ Migdon, Brooke (February 1, 2023). "Trump vows to punish doctors, hospitals that provide gender-affirming care to transgender minors". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ Rafford, Claire (January 19, 2022). "Biden commits to Harris as his running mate for 2024". Politico. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
- ^ Evans, Gareth (April 25, 2023). "President Joe Biden launches 2024 re-election campaign". BBC News. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
- ^ Garrison, Joey. "VP Kamala Harris becomes Republicans' go-to target after Biden launches 2024 reelection bid". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 29, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
- ^ Gangitano, Alex (November 18, 2021). "Harris says 2024 is 'absolutely not' being discussed yet with Biden". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ^ Watson, Kathryn (August 15, 2022). "Rep. Carolyn Maloney says 'off the record', Biden is 'not running again'". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
- ^ Vakil, Caroline (June 23, 2022). "SC Democratic governor candidate says Biden shouldn't run in 2024 due to age". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
- ^ Reimann, Nicholas (September 9, 2022). "Rep. Tim Ryan Suggests Biden Shouldn't Run In 2024—Joining These Other Democrats". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ Gittleson, Ben (December 22, 2021). "Biden tells ABC's David Muir 'yes' he'll run again, Trump rematch would 'increase the prospect'". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
- ^ Silver, Nate (January 28, 2021). "How Popular Is Joe Biden?". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
- ^ Otterbein, Holly (January 1, 2022). "The left is already looking to 2024. Some want to see a Biden primary challenge". Politico. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
- ^ Dorman, John L. (January 2, 2022). "Former Sanders presidential campaign manager says Biden will have 'a progressive challenger' in 2024". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
- ^ Enten, Harry (December 18, 2022). "How the midterms changed the 2024 primaries for Biden and Trump". CNN. Archived from the original on December 30, 2022. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ Weissert, Will (February 27, 2023). "Williamson becomes Democratic primary's 1st Biden challenger". The Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 26, 2023. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ^ McDuffie, McDuffie; Murray, Isabella (April 20, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. launches long shot presidential bid as a Democrat". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 23, 2023. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ^ Multiple sources:
- Oshin, Olafimihan (January 23, 2022). "Auschwitz Memorial says RFK Jr. speech at anti-vaccine rally exploits Holocaust tragedy". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
During a speech at the rally, Kennedy, a conspiracy theorist and prominent anti-vaxxer, warned of a massive surveillance network being created with satellites in space and 5G mobile networks collecting data.
- "Cheryl Hines Blasts Husband RFK Jr. for Holocaust Remark". The Wrap. January 25, 2022. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
Cheryl Hines has publicly condemned a statement made by her husband Robert F. Kennedy Jr. at a rally on Sunday, in which the environmental lawyer and conspiracy theorist likened COVID regulations to the Holocaust.
- "Guests urged to be vaccinated at anti-vaxxer Robert F Kennedy Jr's party". The Guardian. December 18, 2021. Archived from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
The younger Kennedy has campaigned on environmental issues but is also a leading vaccines conspiracy theorist and activist against shots including those approved to combat Covid-19, which has killed more than 805,000 in the US and more than 5.3 million worldwide.
- Dorn, Sara. "RFK Jr. Makes Unfounded Claims About Mass Shootings, Covid-19: Here Are All The Conspiracies He Promotes". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
- "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s Conspiracy Theories Go Beyond Vaccines". The New York Times. July 6, 2023. Archived from the original on October 11, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., an environmental lawyer, is a leading vaccine skeptic and purveyor of conspiracy theories who has leaned heavily on misinformation as he mounts his long-shot 2024 campaign for the Democratic nomination.
- Oshin, Olafimihan (January 23, 2022). "Auschwitz Memorial says RFK Jr. speech at anti-vaccine rally exploits Holocaust tragedy". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
- ^ Rebecca Klar, Emily Brooks (July 20, 2023). "RFK Jr. hearing puts censorship, misinformation fights at center stage". The Hill. Archived from the original on July 20, 2023. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
- ^ Davis O'Brien, Rebecca (October 9, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to Run for President as Independent, Leaving Democratic Primary". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
- ^ Otterbein, Holly; Schneider, Elena (October 26, 2023). "Rep. Dean Phillips files paperwork for presidential bid against Biden". Politico. Archived from the original on October 27, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ a b Shabad, Rebecca; Egwuonwu, Nnamdi (March 6, 2024). "Dean Phillips ends presidential campaign and endorses Biden". NBC News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
- ^ Sangal, Aditi; Hammond, Elise; Forrest, Jack; Chowdhury, Maureen (March 12, 2024). "Live updates: Biden secures Democratic nomination as Trump inches closer to GOP one". CNN. Archived from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
- ^ Lebowitz, Megan (October 26, 2023). "Democratic Rep. Dean Phillips launches a White House bid, challenging Biden". NBC News. Archived from the original on October 27, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ "Democratic Convention 2024". The Green Papers. Archived from the original on March 6, 2024. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
- ^ a b Kelly Garrity (April 5, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. running for president in 2024". Politico. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
- ^ Gibson, Brittany; Zhang, Andrew (October 9, 2023). "RFK Jr. announces he will run as an independent candidate". Politico. Archived from the original on October 19, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
- ^ Zeitz, Joshua (November 15, 2022). "4 Ex-Presidents Who Ran Again — And What They Mean for Trump". Politico. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
- ^ Orr, Gabby (November 15, 2022). "Former Republican President Donald Trump says he's launching another White House bid". CNN. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
- ^ Jackson, David; Mansfield, Erin; Looker, Rachel (November 15, 2022). "Donald Trump files federal paperwork for 2024 presidential run as GOP debates party future: live updates". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
- ^ Bravender, Robin (November 10, 2021). "A top campaign strategist for Ted Cruz and Glenn Youngkin says 'if Trump runs, Trump will be the nominee' in 2024". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
Immediately after Youngkin's upset win last week, political pundits started chattering about whether the Virginia governor-elect was on a fast track to the White House.
- ^ Hagen, Lisa (March 16, 2022). "Trump Appears to Rule Out Pence as Running Mate in Potential 2024 Run". US News & World Report. Archived from the original on June 16, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
- ^ Mangan, Dan (April 4, 2023). "NY grand jury indicts Trump in hush money payment case". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 30, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
- ^ Sangal, Aditi; Hayes, Mike; Powell, Tori B.; Chowdhury, Maureen; Hammond, Elise; Vogt, Adrienne (June 13, 2023). "June 13, 2023 Trump pleads not guilty in historic federal indictment". CNN. Archived from the original on June 14, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
- ^ Zitner, Aaron; Leary, Alex (June 10, 2023). "Trump Faces 2024 Split Screen of Campaign and Criminal Trials". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on June 10, 2023. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
- ^ Margaritoff, Marco (July 16, 2022). "Trump Fundraising Slows For First Time In 18 Months, Trails DeSantis". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
- ^ Pengelly, Martin (December 15, 2022). "Trump 'is in trouble', says insider after DeSantis surges in 2024 polls". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
- ^ Fineout, Gary (December 15, 2022). "DeSantis builds his conservative resume as Trump flounders". Politico. Archived from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
- ^ Peoples, Steve; Gomez Licon, Adriana; Izaguirre, Anthony (May 24, 2023). "DeSantis launches GOP presidential campaign in Twitter announcement plagued by glitches". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
- ^ Pengelly, Martin (May 30, 2023). "Ron DeSantis says he will 'destroy leftism' in US if elected president". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 30, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
- ^ Morris, G. Elliott (June 28, 2023). "Who's ahead in the national polls?". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on July 27, 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
- ^ a b Weisman, Jonathan (January 15, 2024). "Vivek Ramaswamy, Wealthy Political Novice Who Aligned With Trump, Quits Campaign". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
- ^ Hernández, Alec; Dixon, Matt; Burns, Dasha; Allen, Jonathan (January 21, 2024). "Ron DeSantis suspends his presidential bid and endorses Trump". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ Blake, Aaron (February 24, 2024). "3 takeaways from the South Carolina GOP primary". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- ^ Allison, Natalie (March 6, 2024). "Nikki Haley drops out of Republican primary". Politico. Archived from the original on March 7, 2024. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
- ^ Allison, Natalie (March 12, 2024). "It's official: Donald Trump is the GOP's presumptive presidential nominee". Politico. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
- ^ Burlij, Terence; Sullivan, Kate (February 14, 2023). "Nikki Haley announces 2024 White House bid". CNN. Archived from the original on February 14, 2023. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Nikki Haley suspends her campaign and leaves Donald Trump as the last major Republican candidate". AP News. March 6, 2024. Archived from the original on March 6, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ a b c "Republican Convention 2024". The Green Papers. Archived from the original on November 5, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
- ^ "Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis launches 2024 presidential campaign to challenge Trump". Associated Press. May 24, 2023. Archived from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
- ^ Nehamas, Nicholas; Haberman, Maggie; Swan, Jonathan (January 21, 2024). "Ron DeSantis Is Expected to Drop Out of the Presidential Race". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ Julia Manchester (April 26, 2023). "Asa Hutchinson formally launches 2024 presidential campaign". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 26, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ Huynh, Anjali (January 16, 2024). "Asa Hutchinson Suspends Republican Presidential Bid". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "Ramaswamy for President? Readers Respond". The Wall Street Journal. February 27, 2023. Archived from the original on February 28, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
- ^ "Former New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, a top GOP Trump critic, files paperwork to launch 2024 presidential campaign". CNBC. June 6, 2023. Archived from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
- ^ Barnett, Emma; Haake, Garrett; Schwartz, Brian (January 10, 2024). "Chris Christie drops out of the 2024 presidential race". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 15, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
- ^ Burgum, Doug (June 6, 2023). "Doug Burgum: Why I'm Running for President in 2024". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ Weisman, Jonathan (December 4, 2023). "Doug Burgum, Wealthy North Dakota Governor, Ends White House Run". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
- ^ Allison, Natalie (May 19, 2023). "Tim Scott files paperwork to run for president". POLITICO. Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ Vakil, Caroline (November 12, 2023). "Tim Scott suspends 2024 GOP primary bid". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- ^ Kevin Breuninger (June 5, 2023). "Mike Pence files paperwork to launch 2024 Republican presidential campaign". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 5, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica; Holmes, Kristen (October 28, 2023). "Pence suspends White House bid". CNN. Archived from the original on November 2, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- ^ Kelly Garrity (April 20, 2023). "Larry Elder enters 2024 presidential race". Politico. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
- ^ Julia Mueller (October 26, 2023). "Larry Elder drops out of 2024 GOP primary, backs Trump". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ "Businessman Perry Johnson announces 2024 presidential bid". Associated Press. March 3, 2023. Archived from the original on March 3, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
- ^ Tabet, Alex (October 20, 2023). "Perry Johnson drops out of 2024 presidential race". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 24, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ Will Weisser (June 22, 2023). "Former Texas congressman Will Hurd, a Trump critic, announces 2024 Republican presidential campaign". Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ Vakil, Caroline (October 9, 2023). "Hurd drops out of 2024 GOP race, endorses Haley". The Hill. Archived from the original on October 28, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
- ^ Astor, Maggie; Mazzei, Patricia (June 14, 2023). "Francis Suarez, Miami Mayor, Files for a Republican Presidential Run". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 14, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
- ^ Breuninger, Kevin (August 29, 2023). "Miami Mayor Francis Suarez suspends presidential campaign after failing to qualify for debates". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ^ "Peter Sonski is the American Solidarity Party 2024 Presidential nominee". Ballot Access News. June 3, 2023. Archived from the original on June 3, 2023. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
- ^ "Prohibition Party Chooses National 2024 Ticket | Ballot Access News". Ballot Access News. May 10, 2023. Archived from the original on November 29, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- ^ "Party for Socialism and Liberation Announces 2024 Presidential Ticket". Independent Political Report. September 11, 2023. Archived from the original on September 13, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
- ^ "2024 Candidate Filings". Archived from the original on January 15, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
- ^ "Socialist Party USA Nominates Presidential Ticket | Ballot Access News". October 23, 2023. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
- ^ "Socialist Party USA Announces 2024 Presidential Ticket and New Leadership". Independent Political Report. October 23, 2023. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
- ^ Barrickman, Nick (February 27, 2024). "Socialist Equality Party selects Joseph Kishore and Jerry White as its presidential and vice presidential candidates for the 2024 US election". World Socialist Web Site. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Sahner, Vivian (March 4, 2024). "Vote Socialist Workers Party! Rachele Fruit • Margaret Trowe for president & vice president". The Militant. Vol. 88, no. 9. Archived from the original on March 6, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Conversations with Tom Ross: The Transhumanist Party's 2024 Presidential Candidate". Scientific Inquirer. October 10, 2023. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 5, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 6, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. October 17, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 10, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
- ^ Gibson, Brittany; Zhang, Andrew (October 9, 2023). "RFK Jr. announces he will run as an independent candidate". Politico. Archived from the original on October 19, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. June 5, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 14, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. June 20, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. October 5, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 10, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
- ^ Krieg, Gregory (October 5, 2023). "Cornel West drops Green Party bid and will run for president as an independent". CNN. Archived from the original on October 27, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ^ "Indian American Scientist Shiva Ayyadurai joins 2024 US presidential race". Business Insider India. August 2, 2023. Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- ^ "Nikki Haley To Shiva Ayyadurai: The 4 Indian-Americans To Enter 2024 US Presidential Election Race". India.com. August 3, 2023. Archived from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- ^ "Lakers part-owner Johnny Buss announces presidential campaign as an independent". CBS Sports. March 14, 2024. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "Johnny Buss, brother of Lakers owner Jeanie Buss, is running for president". Los Angeles Times. March 15, 2024. Archived from the original on March 15, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Curi, Peter (May 8, 2023). "Afroman hosting 2024 presidential campaign show in Lombard". wgntv.com. Archived from the original on May 9, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
- ^ a b Lafrate, Anthony (August 6, 2023). "Who Are the 2024 3rd-Party Candidates?". catholicvote.org. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- ^ Foley, Ryan (November 14, 2023). "14 lesser-known candidates running for president in 2024: Afroman". Christian Post. Archived from the original on January 17, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ Afroman [@ogafroman] (December 18, 2023). "202Fro In Full Effecc💨🇺🇸 Tickets at http://ogafroman.com" (Tweet). Retrieved January 8, 2024 – via Twitter.
- ^ Hall, Kennedy (May 19, 2023). "Taylor Marshall Running for President: What Does This Mean?". Crisis Magazine. Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ Michael Sean Winters (May 17, 2023). "Taylor Marshall for Prez in 2024! The Catholic candidate whose time has come". www.ncronline.org. Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ Foley, Ryan (November 14, 2023). "14 lesser-known candidates running for president in 2024: Taylor Marshall". Christian Post. Archived from the original on January 17, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ Barton, Tom (July 23, 2023). ""Who is Chase Oliver" Meet the Libertarian candidate running for president". The Gazette. Archived from the original on August 25, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. December 11, 2023. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.[non-primary source needed]
- ^ Philips, Aleks (September 9, 2023). "Libertarians Sense Golden Opportunity to Make 2024 Breakthrough". Newsweek. Archived from the original on September 9, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- ^ Astor, Maggie (November 9, 2023). "Jill Stein Announces Third-Party Bid For President". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 9, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- ^ Cruz, Abby; Gersony, Laura. "'People are hungry for more choices': Inside the Green Party's push for 2024". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
- ^ Howard, Andrew (December 5, 2023). "Liz Cheney says she's considering a third-party presidential bid". Politico. Archived from the original on December 5, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ "No Labels engages Chris Christie allies on a potential third-party run". NBC News. January 11, 2024. Archived from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ^ Dickinson, Tim (October 20, 2023). "Kanye is 'Not a Candidate in 2024,' His Lawyer Says". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 20, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ Morning Consult
- ^ Forbes/HarrisX
- ^ Activote
- ^ Survey USA
- ^ a b The Center Square/Noble Predictive Insights
- ^ a b Rasmussen Reports
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
auto151was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
auto107was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
auto61was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
auto111was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
auto218was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Cite error: The named reference
auto68was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Pew Research Center
- ^ a b Lord Ashcroft
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto167was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
auto6was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cygnal (R)
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto173was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Wall Street Journal
- ^ a b CBS News/YouGov
- ^ a b New York Times/Siena College
- ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
- ^ a b Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research
- ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
auto185was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
auto27was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Morning Consult
- ^ Data for Progress (D)
- ^ SurveyUSA
- ^ Leger/New York Post
- ^ a b I&I/TIPP
- ^ a b New York Times/Siena College
- ^ a b Leger/New York Post
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
auto121was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ CBS News/YouGov
- ^ a b ActiVote
- ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ a b Fox News
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ NPR/PBS
- ^ a b c d e f Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ Civiqs/Daily Kos
- ^ CBS News/YouGov
- ^ a b Cygnal (R)
- ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
- ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ ActiVote
- ^ Navigator Research
- ^ Morning Consult
- ^ Survey Monkey/The 19th
- ^ Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ a b I&I/TIPP
- ^ a b Leger/The Canadian Press
- ^ NPR/PBS
- ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
- ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ a b ActiVote
- ^ a b Quinnipiac University
- ^ a b Harvard-Harris
- ^ a b Cygnal (R)
- ^ a b Echelon Insights
- ^ Marquette Law University
- ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
- ^ Fox News
- ^ a b Ipsos
- ^ RMG Research
- ^ a b I&I/TIPP
- ^ a b Data for Progress (D)/Zeteo
- ^ KFF
- ^ ABC News
- ^ a b ActiVote
- ^ a b Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research
- ^ a b Leger/The Canadian Press
- ^ a b c HarrisX/Harris
- ^ NPR/PBS
- ^ a b CNN/SSRS
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ John Zogby Strategies
- ^ University of North Florida
- ^ a b Marist College
- ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ Civiqs/Daily Kos
- ^ NBC News
- ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
- ^ a b Echelon Insights
- ^ New York Times/Siena College
- ^ a b ActiVote
- ^ I&I/TIPP
- ^ RMG Research
- ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ a b Data for Progress (D)
- ^ a b NPR/PBS
- ^ Marquette Law School
- ^ Forbes/HarrisX
- ^ Fox News
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ ActiVote
- ^ HarrisX/Harris
- ^ a b The Economist/YouGov
- ^ Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research
- ^ Grinnell College
- ^ a b Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square
- ^ McLaughlin & Associates
- ^ Public Policy Polling (D)
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ Civiqs/Daily Kos
- ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
- ^ Forbes/HarrisX
- ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ I&I/TIPP
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ a b c Quinnipiac University
- ^ Marquette University
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ YouGov
- ^ Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research
- ^ NPR/PBS
- ^ SurveyUSA
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ Civiqs/Daily Kos
- ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ Harvard-Harris
- ^ The Messenger/HarrisX
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ CBS News
- ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ a b c Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ Ipsos/With Honor PAC
- ^ I&I/TIPP
- ^ Noble Predictive Insights
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ ActiVote
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto233was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ a b c Quinnipiac University
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ New York Times/Siena College
- ^ New York Times/Siena College
- ^ Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News
- ^ The Economist/YouGov Poll
- ^ Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/CNBC
- ^ Clarity Campaign Labs
- ^ a b Rasmussen Reports
- ^ a b Cygnal (R)
- ^ Marist College/NPR/PBS NewsHour
- ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ a b SSRS/CNN
- ^ The Economist/YouGov Poll
- ^ a b HarrisX
- ^ YouGov
- ^ Leger
- ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ Harris X/The Messenger
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ YouGov/The Economist
- ^ NBC News
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
auto37was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo! News
- ^ a b Quinnipiac University
- ^ Morning Consult
- ^ Rasmussen Reports (R)
- ^ I&I/TIPP
- ^ CBS News/YouGov
- ^ SSRS/CNN
- ^ a b HarrisX/The Messenger
- ^ YouGov/The Economist
- ^ a b American Pulse Research & Polling
- ^ Quinnipiac
- ^ Morning Consult
- ^ a b USA Today/Suffolk University
- ^ a b Harvard Harris
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ Yahoo/YouGov
- ^ Hart Research Associates/Public Opinions Strategies/CNBC
- ^ Grinnell College
- ^ NPR/PBS/Marist College
- ^ a b Fox News
- ^ SurveyUSA
- ^ a b Echelon Insights
- ^ YouGov/The Economist
- ^ Marquette University
- ^ a b c Morning Consult
- ^ NBC News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto7was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ Fox News
- ^ CNN/SSRS
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Marist College
- ^ Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square
- ^ Big Village
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Marquette University
- ^ a b Morning Consult
- ^ HarrisX/The Messenger
- ^ HarrisX/The Messenger
- ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ NBC News
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ Morning Consult
- ^ YouGov
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto139was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Marquette University
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto235was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/The Economist
- ^ Premise
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Morning Consult
- ^ WPA Intelligence
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ ABC News/The Washington Post
- ^ YouGov/The Economist
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ Cygnal (R)
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto23was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/The Economist
- ^ Premise
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ YouGov/The Economist
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto28was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov
- ^ Premise
- ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ McLaughlin & Associates (R)
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cygnal (R)
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto189was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Marquette University
- ^ Premise
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto31was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto138was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ Wick Insights
- ^ Redfield & Wilton Strategies
- ^ Premise
- ^ Cygnal (R)
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto243was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Susquehanna
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto40was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto21was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Premise
- ^ Morning Consult
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto9was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Quinnipac University
- ^ Ipsos/Reuters
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto183was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto112was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ ABC News/The Washington Post
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto224was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto66was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Emerson College
- ^ Cygnal (R)
- ^ Marquette University
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto70was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/The Economist
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto205was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/YahooNews
- ^ WPA Intelligence
- ^ Data for Progress
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto84was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto13was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Suffolk University
- ^ Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto26was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Marquette University
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto125was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto24was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Léger
- ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ Democracy Corps/GQR
- ^ Morning Consult
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto238was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Benenson Strategy Group
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research
- ^ Suffolk University
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto195was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto47was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto62was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Siena College/The New York Times
- ^ John Zogby Strategies
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto181was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto216was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Emerson College
- ^ ABC News/The Washington Post
- ^ Premise
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto214was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Marquette University
- ^ Siena College/The New York Times
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto132was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Premise
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto158was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto187was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto211was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto114was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto116was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto184was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ Suffolk University
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto69was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The Trafalgar Group (R)
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto176was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The New York Times/Siena College
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto11was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Emerson College
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto4was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto227was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto126was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto105was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Emerson College
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto82was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto30was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto155was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Emerson College
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
autowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Morning Consult
- ^ InsiderAdvantage (R)
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto240was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto75was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto144was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Marquette Law School
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto152was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto97was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ University of Massachusetts Lowell
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto219was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Emerson College
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto230was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Wall Street Journal
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto94was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ NewsNation
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto102was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto124was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto174was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Emerson College
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto35was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Morning Consult
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Marquette Law School Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto100was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto98was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto159was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "PMC/John Bolton Super Pac". Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
- ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ InsiderAdvantage (R)
- ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto93was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Harvard/Harris
- ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ Wall Street Journal
- ^ Echelon Insights [permanent dead link]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto134was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto49was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Marquette Law School Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Suffolk University
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
- ^ Harvard/Harris
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
- ^ Selzer and Company/Grinnell College
- ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto122was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto169was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ "PMC/John Bolton Super Pac" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 19, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
- ^ Ipsos/Reuters
- ^ "PMC/John Bolton Super Pac" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
- ^ Wall Street Journal
- ^ USA Today/Suffolk University
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ Marist College
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto168was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ AtlasIntel/CNN Brazil
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ New York Post/YouGov
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ Fox News
- ^ USA Today
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ ABC News/Ipsos
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/NBC News
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ NY Times/Siena
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ I&I\TIPP
- ^ The Economist/YouGov
- ^ Trafalgar Group (R)
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ Redfield & Wilton Strategies
- ^ Patriot Polling
- ^ Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
auto72was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ Change Research (D)
- ^ Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ Harvard/Harris
- ^ Quinnipiac University
- ^ Rasmussen Reports
- ^ Sienna College
- ^ Cygnal (R)
- ^ a b Quinnipiac University
- ^ Redfield & Wilton
- ^ Susquehanna
- ^ McLaughlin and Associates
- ^ USA Today/Suffolk University
- ^ Yahoo News/YouGov
- ^ NPR/PBS/Marist
- ^ Cygnal (R)
- ^ Reuters/Ipsos
- ^ American Values
- ^ The Wall Street Journal
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ McLaughlin & Associates
- ^ Emerson College
- ^ McLaughlin & Associates
- ^ Echelon Insights
- ^ Big Village
- ^ Big Village
- ^ Big Village
- ^ HarrisX/The Messenger
- ^ Big Village
- ^ CNN/SSRS
- ^ McLaughlin and Associates (R)
- ^ Harris X/The Messenger
- ^ Harvard/Harris X
- ^ Zogby Analytics
- ^ "2022 Cook PVI: State Map and List". Cook Political Report. December 15, 2017. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- ^ "Federal Elections 2020" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. July 2023.
- ^ Gonzales, Nathan L. (April 26, 2023). "Initial 2024 Presidential Battleground State Ratings". Inside Elections. Archived from the original on May 1, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
- ^ Kondik, Kyle (January 3, 2024). "The President Race at the Dawn of a New Year". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Archived from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
- ^ "2024 CPR Electoral College Ratings". Cook Political Report. December 19, 2023. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- ^ "2024 CNalysis Pres. Forecast". CNalysis. December 30, 2023. Archived from the original on December 25, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ^ "Road to 270". CNN. January 31, 2024. Archived from the original on January 30, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ Cohen, Ethan (November 20, 2023). "Commission on Presidential Debates announces dates and locations for 2024 general election debates". CNN. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
| |
| Life and politics | |
| Family |
|
| Books |
|
| Campaigns |
|
| Post-presidential legal affairs | |
| Related | |
| |||||||||
| Life and politics | |||||||||
| Elections |
| ||||||||
| Bibliography | |||||||||
| Public image | |||||||||
| Family |
| ||||||||
Cite error: There are <ref group=upper-alpha> tags or {{efn-ua}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=upper-alpha}} template or {{notelist-ua}} template (see the help page).