Open-mid front unrounded vowel

Features

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i y	ɨ ʉ	ɯ u
Near-close	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
Close-mid	e ø	ɘ ɵ	ɤ o
Mid	e̞ ø̞	ə	ɤ̞ o̞
Open-mid	ɛ œ	ɜ ɞ	ʌ ɔ
Near-open	æ	ɐ
Open	a ɶ	ä	ɑ ɒ

Legend: unrounded • rounded

Its vowel height is open-mid, also known as low-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between an open vowel (a low vowel) and a mid vowel.
Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
It is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Albanian		[[[Albanian alphabet\|tre]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[tɾɛ]	'three'
Catalan^[1]		[mel] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[mɛɫ]	'honey'	See Catalan phonology
Armenian	Eastern^[2]	[[[Armenian alphabet\|էջ]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: arm (help)	[ɛd͡ʒ]	'page'
Chinese	Cantonese	[[[Chinese Character\|蛇]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-yue-Hani (help) [se4] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[sɛː˩]	'snake'	See Cantonese phonology
	Mandarin	[[[Chinese Character\|斜]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-cmn-Hani (help) [[[Pinyin\|xié]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ɕjɛ˧˥]	'tilted'	See Mandarin phonology
	Wu	[[[Chinese Characters\|顏]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-wuu-Hani (help) [ngae] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ŋɛ˥˨]	'face'
Czech		[Amerika] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ˈamɛrɪka]	'America'	See Czech phonology
Danish	Standard^[3]	[frisk] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ˈfʁ̞ɛsɡ̊]	'fresh'	Typically transcribed /æ/. See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard	[bed] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[bɛt]^ⓘ	'bed'	See Dutch phonology
	Leiden	[[[Dutch orthography\|je]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[jɛ̞ː]^ⓘ	'you'	Corresponds to [ɛi] in standard Dutch.
	Nijmegen
	The Hague
	Southern				Some dialects, corresponds to [ɛi] in standard Dutch.
English	Irish	[bed] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[bɛd]^ⓘ	'bed'	Older RP speakers pronounce a closer vowel [e̞]. See English phonology
	North American
	RP^[4]^[5]
	Scottish^[6]
	Cockney^[7]	fat	[fɛt]	'fat'
	New Zealand
	Singaporean^[8]
	South African^[9]				Some broad speakers. Others pronounce [æ].
	Southern English				Some dialects. Other speakers pronounce a more open vowel [æ ~ a].
	Belfast^[10]	days	[dɛːz]	'days'	Pronounced [iə] in closed syllables; corresponds to [eɪ] in RP.
	Zulu^[11]	mate	[mɛt]	'mate'	Speakers with a met-mate merger.
Faroese		[elska] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ɛlska]	'love'
French^[12]		[bête] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[bɛt]^ⓘ	'animal'	See French phonology
Galician		[pé] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[pɛ]	'foot'
Georgian^[13]		გედი	[ɡɛdi]	'swan'
German	Standard^[14]	[Bett] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[bɛtʰ]^ⓘ	'bed'	See German phonology
Hindi		शहर	[ʃɛɦɛr]	'city'	See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian		[nem] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[nɛm]	'no'	See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic		[[[Icelandic alphabet\|ég]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[jɛɣ]	'I'	See Icelandic phonology
Italian^[15]		[bene] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ˈbɛːne]^ⓘ	'good'	See Italian phonology
Korean		[[[Hangul\|태양]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized script: kang for code: ko (help)	[tʰɛ.jaŋ]	'Sun'	See Korean phonology
Lithuanian		[[[Lithuanian alphabet\|mane]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[mɐˈnʲɛ]	'me' (acc.)
Macedonian		елен	[ˈɛlɛn]	'deer'	See Macedonian phonology
Ngwe	Njoagwi dialect	[lɛ̀rɛ́]		'eye'
North Frisian		[tech] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[tɛx]	'closed'
Norwegian		[nett] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[nɛt]	'net'	See Norwegian phonology
Polish^[16]		[ten] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[t̪ɛn̪]^ⓘ	'this one' (masc. nom.)	See Polish phonology
Portuguese^[17]		[[[Portuguese orthography\|café]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[kɐˈfɛ]	'coffee'	See Portuguese phonology
Russian^[18]		это	[ˈɛtə]^ⓘ	'this'	See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic		[[[Scottish Gaelic alphabet\|aig]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ɛk]	'at'	See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Seri		[[[Seri alphabet\|me]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[mɛ]	'you'
Slovak		[pes] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[pɛs]	'dog'
Spanish^[19]	Eastern Andalusian	[las madres] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[læ̞ː ˈmæ̞ːð̞ɾɛː]	'the mothers'	Corresponds to [e̞] in other dialects, but in these dialects they're distinct. See Spanish phonology
Spanish^[19]	Murcian		[læ̞ː ˈmæ̞ːð̞ɾɛː]	'the mothers'
Swedish	Central Standard^[20]	[[[Swedish alphabet\|ät]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ɛːt]	'eat' (imp.)	See Swedish phonology
Turkish		[[[Turkish alphabet\|süre]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[syɾɛ]	'duration'	See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian		береза	[bɛˈrɛzɑ]^ⓘ	'birch'	See Ukrainian phonology
Urdu		شہر	[ʃɛɦɛr]	'city'	See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Vietnamese		[[[Vietnamese alphabet\|e]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[ɛ]	'to fear'	See Vietnamese phonology
West Frisian		[têd] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)	[tɛːt]	'languid'
Yoruba		ẹsẹ̀	[ɛ̄sɛ]	'leg'

References

^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54)
^ Dum-Tragut (2009:13)
^ Grønnum (1998)
^ Schmitt (2007:322–323)
^ http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/vowel-sounds-rp/
^ Scobbie, Gordeeva & Matthews (2006:7)
^ Hughes & Trudgill (1979:35)
^ Bet Hashim & Brown (2000)
^ Lanham (1967:9)
^ http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf
^ Template:Wayback
^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261–262)
^ Mangold (2005:37)
^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)
^ Jassem (2003:105)
^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
^ Jones & Ward (1969:41)
^ Zamora Vicente (1967:?)
^ Engstrand (1999:140)

Bibliography

Bet Hashim, Suzanna; Brown, Adam (2000), "The [e] and [æ] vowels in Singapore English", in Brown, Adam; Deterding, David; Ling, Low Ee Ling (eds.), The English Language in Singapore: Research on Pronunciation, Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics, pp. 84–92, ISBN 981-04-2598-8
Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 140, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
Hughes, Arthur; Trudgill, Peter (1979). "English Accents and Dialects: An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of British English" (Document). Baltimore: University Park Press. {{cite document}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
Mangold, Max (2005), Das Aussprachewörterbuch, Duden, p. 37, ISBN 9783411040667
Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
Schmitt, Holger (2007), "The case for the epsilon symbol (ɛ) in RP DRESS", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (3): 321–328
Scobbie, James M; Gordeeva, Olga B.; Matthews, Benjamin (2006), Acquisition of Scottish English Phonology: an overview, Edinburgh: QMU Speech Science Research Centre Working Papers. {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
Zamora Vicente, Alonso (1967), Dialectología española (2nd ed.), Biblioteca Romanica Hispanica, Editorial Gredos

[1] Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54)

[2] Dum-Tragut (2009:13)

[3] Grønnum (1998)

[4] Schmitt (2007:322–323)

[5] ttp://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/vowel-sounds-rp/

[6] Scobbie, Gordeeva & Matthews (2006:7)

[7] Hughes & Trudgill (1979:35)

[8] Bet Hashim & Brown (2000)

[9] Lanham (1967:9)

[10] ttp://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf

[11] Template:Wayback

[12] Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)

[13] Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261–262)

[14] Mangold (2005:37)

[15] Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)

[16] Jassem (2003:105)

[17] Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)

[18] Jones & Ward (1969:41)

[19] Zamora Vicente (1967:?)

[20] Engstrand (1999:140)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

Features

Occurrence

See also

References

Bibliography