2020 coronavirus outbreak in Italy

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2020 coronavirus outbreak in Italy
COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Italy (Density).svg
Map of provinces with confirmed coronavirus cases (as of 5 March):
  Confirmed 1~9
  Confirmed 10~99
  Confirmed 100~499
  Confirmed 500~999
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
Location Italy
First caseRome
Arrival date31 January 2020
OriginWuhan, Hubei, China
Confirmed cases3,858[1] (4 March, 18:00 CET)
668 (checked by ISS)
Recovered414[1]
Deaths
148[1]
Official website
www.salute.gov.it/nuovocoronavirus

The 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Rome tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019, caused by SARS-CoV-2.[2] A cluster of cases were later detected starting with 16 confirmed cases in Lombardy on 21 February,[3] an additional 60 cases on 22 February,[4] and Italy's first deaths reported on the same day.

As of late February, Italy was hit harder than anywhere else in the EU by the outbreak,[5] and is the country with the third-highest number of positive cases and the second-highest number of deaths in the world, after China. Eleven municipalities in northern Italy have been identified as the epicentres of the two main Italian clusters and placed under quarantine. The majority of positive cases in the other regions lead back to these two clusters.[6] Italy was one of two countries in Europe to suspend all direct flights to and from China and the earliest to do so.[5] After the first two cases reported in January in Rome, Italy introduced thermal scanners and temperature checks on international passengers arriving at its airports.[7] By 3 March Italy had performed 25,856 tests for the virus.[8]

As of 4 March, there have been 107 deaths out of a total of 3,086 positive, with 778 of them confirmed by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), and 160 recoveries.[1][9][10][11][12]

Background[edit]

On 31 December 2019, the Health Commission of Wuhan, Hubei, China, informed the WHO about a cluster of acute pneumonia cases with unknown origin in its province. On 9 January 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) reported the identification of a novel coronavirus (later identified as the SARS-CoV-2) as the cause.[13]

In late January 2020, following the developments of COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China, Italy set up enhanced screening measures, including thermal cameras and medical staff, at Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport and Milan Malpensa Airport.[14][15]

Timeline[edit]

First confirmed cases[edit]

On 31 January, the first two cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in Rome. Two Chinese tourists, who arrived in Milan on 23 January via Milan Malpensa Airport and travelled to Rome on a tourist bus, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were hospitalised in Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases.[2] Italian government suspended all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency. Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said Italy is the first EU country to take this precautionary measure.[16]

On 6 February, one of the Italians repatriated from Wuhan, China tested positive for COVID-19, bringing the total number of cases in Italy to three.[17]

On 22 February, the repatriated Italian recovered and was discharged from the hospital.[18] On 22 and 26 February, the two previously infected Chinese tourists tested negative for COVID-19 at Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute in Rome.[19]

Lombardy cluster[edit]

The Lombardy outbreak came to light when a 38-year-old Italian tested positive in Codogno, the province of Lodi, Lombardy. According to his wife, he had met an Italian friend who had returned from China on 21 January, who subsequently tested negative.[20] On 14 February, he felt unwell and went to a doctor in Castiglione d'Adda. He was prescribed treatments for influenza.[20]

On 16 February, as the 38-year-old man's condition worsened, he went to Codogno Hospital, reporting respiratory problems.[20] Initially, there was no suspicion of COVID-19, so no additional precautionary measures were taken, and the virus was able to infect other patients and health workers.[21] Later, the patient, his pregnant wife, and a friend tested positive.[20] Three more cases were confirmed on the same day, after the patients reported symptoms of pneumonia.[22] Thereafter, extensive screenings and checks were performed on everyone that had possibly been in contact or near the infected subjects.[23]

The 38-year-old man was asymptomatic for weeks, reportedly led an active social life, and potentially interacted with dozens of people before spreading the virus at Codogno Hospital.[20][21] Afterwards, he was transferred to Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia,[24] and his wife to Sacco Hospital in Milan.[25][26]

Civil Protection volunteers carrying out health checks at the Guglielmo Marconi Airport in Bologna

On 21 February, sixteen more cases were confirmed – fourteen in Lombardy, including the doctor who prescribed treatments to the 38-year-old Codogno man,[20] and two in Veneto.

On 22 February, a 77-year-old woman from Casalpusterlengo, who suffered from pneumonia and visited the same emergency room as the 38-year-old from Codogno, died in Lombardy.[27] Including the 78-year-old man who died in Veneto, the number of cases in Italy rose to 79.[4][28] Of the 76 newly-discovered cases, 54 were found in Lombardy, including one patient in San Raffaele Hospital in Milan[29] and eight patients in Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia,[30] seventeen in Veneto, two in Emilia-Romagna, two in Lazio and one in Piedmont.[31]

COVID-19 cases in Italy (
)
     deaths        recoveries        cases
Date
# of cases
2020-01-31
​
​
​
​
​
 2 (n.a.)
----------
​
​
​
​
​
 2 (=)
2020-02-05
​
​
​
​
​
 2 (=)
2020-02-06
​
​
​
​
​
 3 (+50%)
----------
​
​
​
​
​
 3 (=)
2020-02-20
​
​
​
​
​
 3 (=)
2020-02-21
​
​
​
​
​
 20 (+567%)
2020-02-22
​
​
​
​
​
 79 (+295%)
2020-02-23
​
​
​
​
​
 150 (+90%)
2020-02-24
​
​
​
​
​
 227 (+51%)
2020-02-25
​
​
​
​
​
 320 (+41%)
2020-02-26
​
​
​
​
​
 445 (+39%)
2020-02-27
​
​
​
​
​
 650 (+46%)
2020-02-28
​
​
​
​
​
 888 (+37%)
2020-02-29
​
​
​
​
​
 1,128 (+27%)
2020-03-01
​
​
​
​
​
 1,694 (+50%)
2020-03-02
​
​
​
​
​
 2,036 (+20%)
2020-03-03
​
​
​
​
​
 2,502 (+23%)
2020-03-04
​
​
​
​
​
 3,089 (+23%)
2020-03-05
​
​
​
​
​
 3,858 (+25%)
Sources:

On 23 February, a 68-year-old woman with cancer from Trescore Cremasco died in Crema. The number of cases in Italy rose to 152, including fourteen patients being treated at Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia.[32][33]

On 24 February, an 84-year-old man with pre-existing medical conditions from Villa di Serio died in Bergamo while hospitalised in the Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital.[34] An 88-year-old man from Caselle Landi, who resided in Codogno, died on the same day.[35][36] An 80-year-old man from Castiglione d’Adda died at the Luigi Sacco Hospital in Milan. He was previously hospitalised in Lodi because of a heart attack, and then transferred to Milan when confirmed as positive.[36][37][38] A 62-year-old man with pre-existing medical conditions from Castiglione d'Adda died in Sant'Anna Hospital in Como.[39] Lombardy governor Attilio Fontana announced that the number of cases in Lombardy had risen to 172, with a total of 229 confirmed in Italy.[40][41][42]

On 25 February, an 84-year-old man from Nembro, a 91-year-old man from San Fiorano and an 83-year-old woman from Codogno died due to complications from the infections.[43][44][45]

The number of cases in Emilia-Romagna rose to 23, spreading through the provinces of Piacenza, Parma, Modena and Rimini. These were all linked to the Lombardy cluster.[46][47][48][49][50]

A new case linked to the outbreak in Lombardy appeared in Palermo, Sicily — a 60-year-old woman from Bergamo tested positive and was admitted to Cervello Hospital.[51][52] A 49-year-old man who previously visited Codogno, tested positive in Pescia, Tuscany.[53]

Liguria confirmed, that a 72-year-old female tourist from Castiglione d'Adda tested positive in Alassio, while she was staying in a hotel. The woman was treated at a hospital in Genoa.[54] Later in the day, a second case in Liguria was confirmed, a 54-year-old man, who had visited Codogno for work, tested positive in La Spezia.[11][55]

On 26 February, a 69-year-old man from Lodi with pre-existing medical conditions died in Emilia-Romagna.[56] The mayor of Borgonovo Val Tidone, Pietro Mazzocchi, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and underwent a voluntary isolation at home.[57]

Additional cases involving six minors were identified in Lombardy. A 4-year-old girl from Castiglione d'Adda was admitted to Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia, and a 15-year-old was hospitalised in Seriate Hospital in Bergamo. Two 10-year-olds from Cremona and Lodi were tested positive and discharged. A 17-year-old from Valtellina, who attended a school in Codogno, and a school friend from Sondrio, also tested positive.[19][56][58]

Apulia confirmed that a 33-year-old man from Taranto, who returned from Codogno on 23 January, tested positive and was admitted to San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital.[59]

A close advisor of Lombardy governor Attilio Fontana tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Although Fontana tested negative, he decided to put himself in preventive isolation as well.[60]

Campania confirmed two new cases. A 24-year-old woman from Caserta, who previously visited Milan, tested positive. A 25-year-old Ukrainian woman from Cremona, who previously visited Lombardy, arrived at the emergency room at a hospital in Vallo della Lucania and tested positive. Both were transferred to Hospital Domenico Cotugno in Naples, where they underwent isolation.[61]

On 26 February, a woman that had returned from Milan in the days before the emergency in Lombardy started, was tested positive for the virus in Catania, Sicily.[62]

On 27 February, two 88-year-olds and an 80-year old died in Lombardy.[63]

Abruzzo confirmed that a 50-year-old man from Brianza, Lombardy tested positive and was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Giuseppe Mazzini Hospital at Teramo. He and his family were staying in his holiday home at Roseto degli Abruzzi.[11][64]

On 28 February, four people died, including an 85-year-old Lombardy resident in one of the quarantine zones at a hospital in Piacenza, and a 77-year-old and two others over the age of 80.[11]

As of 1 March, there were 984 confirmed cases and 73 recoveries in Lombardy.[11][65]

On 4 March, Emilia-Romagna's regional minister of health, Raffaele Donini, and minister for territories, Barbara Lori, were declared positive to COVID-19 test.[66] Governor Stefano Bonaccini and the other members of the regional government tested negative.[67]

Veneto cluster[edit]

Civil Protection's first aid spot in Padua

A secondary cluster of infections occurred in the region of Veneto, initially thought to be the result of a farmer being infected when visiting the primary source in Codogno.[21] The farmer was tested and the following day, the test was confirmed negative.[68]

On 21 February 2020, two people tested positive in Veneto. The next day, one of them, a 78-year-old man, died in the Schiavonia Hospital in Monselice, making him the first fatality in Italy. The man lived in the municipality of Vò, which was put under quarantine.[69]

On 25 February, a 76-year-old woman with pre-existing medical conditions died in Treviso.[70]

On 26 February, an additional case involving a minor was identified. An 8-year old girl, who lived in Codevigo, tested positive.[19][58][71]

On 28 February, Veneto governor Luca Zaia mentioned that after the first two cases, he ordered all 3,300 Vò residents to be tested. Out of 6,800 swabs, 1.7% were confirmed positive. This epidemiological study would be used for outbreak investigation by the University of Padua.[72]

As of 28 February, there were 151 confirmed cases in Veneto, with 70 cases in the municipality of Vò, including the two fatalities.[11][72]

Other regions[edit]

A number of cases have emerged in multiple regions that might be isolated and not associated with the Northern Italy clusters.

On 25 February, the first case in Florence, Tuscany involved a 63-year-old entrepreneur with companies in Asia, who returned from the Philippines and Singapore on 6 January. He tested positive and was admitted to Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital.[19][73]

The first case in Rimini involved a 71-year-old man from Cattolica, who returned from Romania on 22 February. He tested positive and was admitted to Infermi Hospital.[74][75] A 51-year-old man from Piandimeleto, who went to Romania with him, also tested positive and underwent self-quarantine at home.[76] On 26 February, one of people with whom he interacted in Romania tested positive.[77]

On 26 February, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health confirmed that a 26-year-old Norwegian man living in Florence tested positive and was admitted to Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital. He had stayed in Norway for 14 days and returned to Florence five days before.[78][79]

A ship is under isolation in Genoa with 50 seafarers on board. The ship docked at the Genoa marine repairs, the GNV Rhapsody. From what is learned from the Harbor Master's Office, Usmaf[who?] has communicated that a passenger who visited La Goulette in Tunisia on 27 February had tested positive for the virus and preventive measures were therefore ordered.[80]

Africa[edit]

 Algeria – On 25 February 2020, Algeria confirmed the first case, an Italian man from Bertonico, Lombardy, who arrived in the country on 17 February, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.[19][81][82]

 Morocco – On 2 March, the Moroccan Ministry of Health reported the first coronavirus case in the country on a man who lived in Italy.[83]

 Nigeria – On 28 February 2020, Nigeria confirmed its first case, an Italian man tested positive by Lagos University Teaching Hospital and was treated at the Infectious Disease Hospital in Yaba, Lagos. He entered Nigeria from Milan on 25 February for a brief business visit, then fell ill on the next day.[84]

 Tunisia – Tunisia confirmed their first case on 2 March 2020, with the victim being a Tunisian returning from Italy.[85]

 South Africa – South Africa confirmed their first case on 5 March 2020, a South African resident returning from Italy.[86]

Americas[edit]

 Argentina – On 3 March, Argentina confirmed its first case, a 43-year-old man who arrived in Argentina two days earlier after a trip that included northern Italy.[87]

 Chile – On 5 March, Chile confirmed its third case, a 56-year-old man, resident of the metropolitan region, who traveled across Europe and among others visited northern Italy.[88]

 Brazil – On 25 February, Brazil confirmed the first case, a 61-year-old man from São Paulo, who travelled to Lombardy between 9 and 21 February, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. He was showing mild symptoms and quarantined at home.[89]

 Dominican Republic – On 1 March, authorities in the Dominican Republic confirmed the first case in the country, a tourist coming from Italy.[90]

 Mexico – On 28 February, Mexico confirmed the first two cases of COVID-19. A 35-year-old man in Mexico City and a 41-year-old man in the northern state of Sinaloa who tested positive were held in isolation at a hospital and a hotel, respectively. They both had travelled to Bergamo and stayed in Italy for a week in mid-February.[91][92]

 United States – On 2 March, an adult from Grafton County, New Hampshire tested positive for the virus.[93] On 3 March, the CDC reported a presumptive case of the virus in a person in their 40s in Rhode Island.[94]

Asia[edit]

 India – On 2 March, Indian capital of New Delhi confirmed its first Coronavirus case in an Indian national who had returned from Italy.[95] Later on the same day, an Italian tourist who had arrived in Jaipur, Rajasthan on 29 February tested positive for Coronavirus in a second test, although being tested negative in the first test.[96] On 3 March, his wife also tested positive.[97] On 4th March, 14 more Italian tourists who were kept at a quarantine facility in Delhi were confirmed of having COVID-19, as well as the group's Indian driver.[98]

 Israel – On 27 February, Israel confirmed that a man, who returned from Italy on 23 February, tested positive and was admitted to Sheba Medical Center at Tel HaShomer.[99][100][101] On 28 February, his wife also tested positive.[102]

 Jordan – On 2 March, Jordan confirmed that a man in his 30s who returned from Italy two weeks before had been tested positive for the coronavirus with other potential cases under observation.[103][104]

 Mainland China – On 1 March, Qingtian County, Lishui, Zhejiang confirmed the first imported case, a 31-year-old Chinese woman who is working at a restaurant in Bergamo.[105] On 2 March, 7 more imported cases were confirmed in Qingtian County, which are related to the first imported case.[106] On 3 March, Beijing confirmed one imported case from Italy.[107] On 4 March, Deqing County, Huzhou, Zhejiang confirmed 2 new imported cases from Italy.[108]

 Malaysia – On 28 February, Malaysia confirmed that a 54-year-old Italian who was married to a Malaysian tested positive and was admitted to Sungai Buloh Hospital. He was in Italy from 15 to 21 February for work.[109]

 South Korea – On 28 February, South Korea confirmed that a 38-year-old man living in Gwangjin, who visited Milan from 19 to 24 February, was admitted to Seoul Medical Center.[110][111]

 Thailand – On 5 March, Thailand announced that 44th and 45th confirmed cases of the country, A 29-year-old Italian and 42-year-old Thai had arrived in Thailand from Italy on 2 March. Both were admitted in Chonburi Province.[112]

 United Arab Emirates – On 28 February, two Italian staff members of the UAE Tour, a cycling event, tested positive.[113]

Europe[edit]

 Andorra – On 2 March, Andorra registered its first case in a 20-year-old man who had been to Milan.[114]

 Austria – On 25 February, Austria confirmed the first two cases, a 24-year-old man and a 24-year-old woman from Lombardy, who had visited their hometown in Bergamo, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were treated at a hospital in Innsbruck, Tyrol.[115][116][117][118] On 27 February, a couple who tested positive and their two children who were showing symptoms were admitted to Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital. The family was previously on a holiday in Lombardy.[119][120] On 28 February, one of the children, a 15-year-old boy tested positive.[121]

 Croatia – On 25 February, Croatia confirmed the first case; a 26-year-old man, who had previously stayed in Milan between 19 to 21 February, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was hospitalised in the Dr. Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Zagreb.[122][123] On 26 February, his twin brother tested positive and was also admitted to the Dr. Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases. A Croatian man who worked in Parma, Italy also tested positive and was admitted to a hospital in Rijeka.[123]

 Czech Republic – On 1 March, Czech Republic confirmed the first three cases [124].

 Denmark – On 27 February, Denmark confirmed the first case of COVID-19 when a man who had returned home from a ski holiday in Valmalenco, Sondrio, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at Zealand University Hospital in Roskilde and was quarantined at home.[125][126] On 28 February, a man who had returned home from a ski holiday in Northern Italy on 15 February tested positive at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen and was placed in home quarantine.[127], On 29 February, an employee at the Aarhus University Hospital, who had been to a conference in Munich, Germany where he had met an infected person from Italy, was tested positive.[128] On 3 March, five people that had returned home from northern Italy were tested positive.[129][130]

 Estonia – On 3 March, Estonia confirmed their second COVID-19 case, the patient had arrived on 29 February from Bergamo, Italy travelling through Riga Airport.[131]

 Finland – On 26 February, Finland confirmed that a Finnish woman, who made a trip to Milan and was back in Finland on 22 February, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the Helsinki University Central Hospital.[132] On 28 February, a Finnish woman, who had travelled to Northern Italy, tested positive by the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District and was placed in home isolation.[133][134]

 France – On 25 February, France confirmed that a 64-year-old man from La Balme-de-Sillingy, who returned from a trip in Lombardy on 15 February, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was treated in Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois, Épagny-Metz-Tessy.[135][136][137] His wife also tested positive and was admitted to the same hospital where her husband was being treated.[138][139] On 26 February 2020, a 36-year-old man, who made multiple trips to Lombardy, tested positive and was treated in Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg.[140][141][142] On 27 February 2020, a daughter and the friend of the infected couple from La Balme-de-Sillingy were confirmed positive.[143] A Italian man living in Montpellier, who had just returned from Italy, was admitted to Centre Hospitalier Universitaire.[144] A person who had travelled to Italy was admitted to Hôpital Bichat, Paris.[145] On 28 February 2020, two relatives of the infected couple from La Balme-de-Sillingy tested positive.[146] A 23-year-old fashion student from Nice who recently returned from Milan tested positive at Nice University Hospital Center and was admitted to Hôpital l'Archet.[147][148][149]

 Germany – On 25 February 2020, Germany confirmed that a 25-year-old man from Göppingen, Baden-Württemberg, who recently returned from Milan, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was treated in Klinik am Eichert.[150][151] On 26 February 2020, the 24-year-old girlfriend of the 25-year-old man from Göppingen and her 60-year-old father, who worked as a chief physician at University Hospital Tübingen, tested positive and were admitted to the same hospital where the father worked at Tübingen.[152][153] A 32-year-old man from Rottweil, Baden-Württemberg, who had visited Codogno with his family on 23 February, tested positive and was admitted to a hospital for isolation.[154] On 27 February, Bavaria confirmed that a man from Middle Franconia tested positive after he had had contact with an Italian man who later tested positive as well.[155] Baden-Württemberg confirmed that two women and a man from Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald and Freiburg, respectively, tested positive. They had had contact with an Italian participant at a business meeting in Munich; he was subsequently tested positive in Italy. A man from Böblingen, who had had contact with the girlfriend of the patient from Göppingen, also tested positive.[156] On 28 February, a man from Freiburg who had travelled to Bergamo tested positive and underwent isolation.[157] A man from Rhine-Neckar was admitted to the University Hospital Heidelberg.[158] A 32-year-old man in Heilbronn who was in Milan on the 21 February, fell ill and was admitted to a hospital.[159]

 Georgia – On 28 February 2020, Georgia confirmed that a 31-year-old Georgia woman who had travelled to Italy tested positive and was admitted to Infectious Diseases Hospital in Tbilisi.[160]

 Greece – On 26 February 2020, Greece confirmed the first case of COVID-19, a 38-year-old woman from Thessaloniki, who recently visited Northern Italy, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was admitted to AHEPA University Hospital.[161][162][163] On 27 February, the 9-year-old child of the 38-year-old patient from Thessaloniki tested positive and was admitted to the same hospital where the mother was treated.[164] A 40-year- old woman from Athens who had travelled to Italy also tested positive and was hospitalised in to the Attikon University General Hospital.[165][166][167][168] On 28 February, A 36-year-old woman from Athens, who had recently travelled to Italy, tested positive and was admitted to the Attikon University General Hospital.[169]

 Iceland – On 28 February 2020, Iceland confirmed the first case of COVID-19. an Icelandic male in his fifties, who had previously been to Northern Italy, was placed in solitary confinement in Landspítali in Reykjavík.[170][171][172] On 5 March, a total of 34 cases had been confirmed in Iceland. Most of these are imported cases from Italy.

 Ireland – On 27 February 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in Ireland was confirmed by the Health Protection Surveillance Centre. The male patient had travelled to an affected region in Northern Italy. [173] A second case was confirmed on 3 March, a female in the east of the country, who is associated with travel from Italy, unrelated to the first case.[174]

 Latvia – On 2 March, first case of COVID-19 coronavirus confirmed in Latvia. Infected individual travelled from Milan to Munich and then had flown to Riga on February 29.[175]

 Lithuania – On 28 February, Lithuania confirmed the first case of COVID-19, a 39-year-old woman who arrived to Kaunas from Verona.[176]

 Netherlands – On 27 February, the Netherlands confirmed the first case of COVID-19, a man who had been in Lombardy was admitted to Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital in Tilburg.[177][178] On 28 February, a woman from Amsterdam who had visited Lombardy was in a home isolation in Diemen.[179]

 North Macedonia – On 26 February, North Macedonia confirmed its first case, a woman tested positive in the Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Skopje. She stayed in Italy for a month and had been sick for two weeks. Upon returning to North Macedonia, she immediately reported to the clinic.[180][181]

 Norway – On 27 February, Norway confirmed that two people who tested positive were linked to the outbreak in Italy. They were quarantined at home in Oslo.[182] On 28 February, an individual from Bergen and an employee of Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, tested positive and were placed in home isolation. Both had visited Northern Italy.[183][184]

 Portugal – On March 2 a doctor who had travelled to northern Italy and got sick on the 29th of February was confirmed positive at Hospital de São João in Porto. On March 4 a second man, aged 44, with travel history to Italy was confirmed positive at the same hospital.

 Romania – On 26 February, Romania confirmed its first case, a man from Gorj tested positive after coming in contact with an 71-year-old man from Cattolica, Italy. The Italian man visited his wife's family and had several business meetings in Romania on 18 to 22 February. The Romanian man was admitted to National Institute of Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Balș in Bucharest.[77][185] On 28 February, a 45-year-old man from Maramureș was admitted to the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Maramureș then transferred to Cluj, he returned to Romania on 25 February from Italy.[186] A 38-year-old woman, who had returned from Bergamo, tested positive was admitted to a hospital in Timișoara.[186] On 3 March, a 47-year-old man, who had travelled in the same plane with the 38-year-old woman, was confirmed positive and is interned in the same hospital.[187] On 4 March, a nephew of the 47-year-old man and a 71-year-old man returning from Lombardy was tested positive for COVID-19.[188]

 Russia – On 2 March, a Russian citizen who had returned from Italy was diagnosed with coronavirus disease.[189]

 San Marino – On 27 February, San Marino confirmed its first case, an 88-year-old man with pre-existing medical conditions was hospitalised at Rimini Hospital.[190][191]

 Spain – On 24 February, a 69-year-old medical doctor from Lombardy, who was vacationing in Tenerife since 17 February, tested positive at the University Hospital of the Nuestra Señora de Candelaria in Spain. A 25-year-old man returning from a holiday in Italy also tested positive in Asturias, Spain.[192][193][194][195] On 25 February, the wife of the medical doctor from Lombardy, who was vacationing in Tenerife, tested positive and was admitted to the same hospital where he was being treated.[196] A 36-year-old Italian woman living in Barcelona, who had visited Bergamo and Milan from 12 to 22 February, also tested positive in Barcelona.[135][193][197] A man from Villarreal, who recently travelled to Milan, tested positive and was admitted to Hospital Universitario de La Plana.[198] A 24-year-old man from Madrid, who recently returned from northern Italy, tested positive and was admitted to Hospital Carlos III.[199][200] On 26 February, two Italian tourists, who were vacationing together with the Lombardy doctor and his wife, also tested positive. The group were transferred to University Hospital of the Nuestra Señora de Candelaria and underwent quarantine.[201] A 22-year-old man from Barcelona, who travelled to Milan between 22 and 25 February, tested positive and was admitted to Hospital Clínic.[202][203] A woman from La Gomera, who travelled to Italy between 4 to 8 February, tested positive and was admitted to Hospital General de La Gomera in Tenerife.[204] On 27 February, a 44-year-old man from Valencia, who worked as a sportswriter and travelled to Milan's Siro Stadium on 19 February to watch a football game, tested positive and was admitted to Hospital Clínico Universitario de València. Two other people, with whom he had contact, also tested positive and were admitted to the same hospital. Two more people, who had visited the same football game in Milan, were hospitalised at the same place.[205][206][207][208] A woman, who had visited Milan, was hospitalised at Hospital de Sagunto, Valencia.[208]. An Italian student studying in Valencia, who had visited Northern Italy, was admitted to Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset.[208] A 22-year-old woman from Tenerife, who travelled to Italy from 19 to 25 February, was admitted to Hospital Clínic.[209] An 18-year-old Italian Erasmus student studying in IE University, Segovia, who had just returned from Milan, was admitted to Hospital General de Segovia.[210][211] On 28 February, a 27-year-old man from Aragon with a history of recent trips to Milan tested positive.[212]

 Sweden – On 26 February, Sweden confirmed that a 30-year-old man, who previously visited Northern Italy, fell ill three days after returning to Sweden. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was admitted to Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg.[213][214][215] On 27 February, three patients in their 30s were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Västra Götaland. Two of them had been in contact with the 30-year-old Gothenburg patient, while the last one had previously visited Italy.[216][217][218] On 28 February, a man in his 50s, who had returned to Sweden from Northern Italy on 24 February, tested positive and was admitted to a hospital in Jönköping.[219]

  Switzerland – On 25 February, Switzerland confirmed the first case of COVID-19, a 70-year-old man in canton Ticino, who previously visited Milan.[193][220] On 27 February, a 28-year-old IT worker from Geneva, who had recently returned from Milan, tested positive and was admitted to Geneva University Hospital.[221][222] Two Italian children, who were on vacation in Graubünden, tested positive and were hospitalised.[223][222][224] A 26-year-old man in Aargau, who went on a business trip the previous week and stayed in Verona, tested positive and was hospitalised.[222] A 30-year-old woman, who visited Milan, was admitted to a hospital in Zurich.[222] A young woman, who had travelled to Milan, tested positive in Basel-City. She worked for a daycare center in Riehen, and after her test was confirmed, the children at the daycare were put into a two-week quarantine.[225] On 28 February, her partner, a 23-year-old man, also tested positive in Basel-Country.[226] On 29 February, the mother of the 23-year-old man was tested positive as well. On 28 February, a 45-year-old-man who had travelled to Milan tested positive in Zürich.[226]

 Ukraine – On 3 March, Ukraine confirmed its first case in Chernivtsi, a man who had traveled from Italy by plane to the Romanian city Suceava, and then to Ukraine by car with his wife.[227]

 United Kingdom – On 27 February, United Kingdom confirmed that a patient, who had visited Milan, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. He was admitted to Royal Free Hospital in London.[228] Northern Ireland reported the first COVID-19 case in the region, an adult who travelled from Northern Italy via Dublin was admitted to Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast.[229] On 28 February, Wales reported the first COVID-19 case in the region, a patient who had travelled back from northern Italy, was treated at one of the specialist units in England.[230]

Oceania[edit]

 New Zealand – On 4 March, the New Zealand Ministry of Health confirmed its second case in a woman in her 30s who returned to Auckland from northern Italy.[231]

Statistics[edit]

COVID-19 cases in Italy by region (
)

Date North-West North-East Centre South Islands Confirmed cases Deaths Tested Sources Notes
VDA LIG PIE LOM VEN TAA FVG EMR MAR TOS UMB LAZ ABR MOL CAM BAS PUG CAL SIC SAR New Total New Total Total
2020-01-31 2 2 2 – – [232]
2020-02-06 1 1 3 – – [233] [a]
2020-02-21 15 (1) 2 17 20 1 1 [234]
2020-02-22 1 (1) 40 16 2 59 79 1 2 [4][235]
2020-02-23 2 (1) 57 7 7 71 150 1 3 [236][237] [b]
2020-02-24 (4) 61 7 9 77 227 4 7 [238][239] [b]
2020-02-25 1 (2) 67 (1) 11 1 8 2 3 93 320 3 10 > 8,600 [240][241] [b]
2020-02-26 10 (1) 65 28 (1) 21 1 125 445 2 12 9,587 [242][243] [b][c]
2020-02-27 8 1 (5) 98 40 50 2 1 3 1 1 205 650 5 17 12,014 [245][246]
2020-02-28 9 (3) 128 40 (1) 48 3 6 1 2 1 238 888 4 21 15,695 [247][248]
2020-02-29 23 (6) 84 40 (2) 72 5 3 3 1 9 240 1,128 8 29 18,661 [249][250]
2020-03-01 –17 38 (1) 369 72 6 (4) 68 14 2 2 3 4 5 566 1,694 5 34 21,127 [251][252]
2020-03-02 –3 2 (14) 270 10 3 (3) 50 (1) 10 1 1 –2 342 2,036 18 52 23,345 [253][254]
2020-03-03 (1) 2 5 (17) 266 (1) 34 4 4 (7) 85 (1) 26 6 6 7 1 3 13 1 2 1 466 2,502 27 79 25,856 [255]
2020-03-04 2 26 (18) 300 (3) 53 1 5 (4) 124 (2) 23 19 1 16 1 1 (1) 3 11 1 587 3,089 28 107 29,837 [256]
2020-03-05 2 (2) 2 (2) 26 (25) 431 (4) 47 2 3 (8) 154 40 23 14 1 4 14 5 1 769 3,858 41 148 32,362 [257] [d]
Total cases 2 28 108 2,251 407 8 21 698 124 61 9 44 8 7 45 1 14 2 18 2 3,858 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total deaths 3 2 98 10 30 4 1 N/A N/A 148 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Notes:

  1. ^ Repatriated from abroad.
  2. ^ a b c d The cumulative count given in the sources has been updated to reflect the changes due to subsequent corrections.
  3. ^ The latest update from Lombardy – with 47 more cases not included in the 18:00 Protezione Civile bulletin – is included here.[244]
  4. ^ The Protezione Civile bulletin was produced at 17:00 CET.


Reactions[edit]

Italian government task force to face the COVID-19 outbreak in Civil Protection situation room

On 31 January 2020, the Italian Council of Ministers appointed Angelo Borrelli, head of the Civil Protection, as Special Commissioner for the COVID-19 Emergency.[258][259]

On 22 February, the government announced a new decree imposing the quarantine of more than 50,000 people from 11 different municipalities in Northern Italy — the quarantine zones were called the Red Zones and the areas in Lombardy and Veneto outside of them were called the Yellow Zones.[260] Penalties for violations ranged from a €206 fine to three months of imprisonment.[261] The Italian military and law enforcement agencies were instructed to secure and implement the lockdown.[262]

Schools were closed in ten municipalities in Lombardy, one in Veneto and one in Emilia Romagna. All public events were cancelled and some commercial activities[which?] were halted or were allowed to resume only until 6 pm.[263][264] All religious services were cancelled.[265] Regional train services to the most affected areas were suspended, with trains skipping stops at Codogno, Maleo and Casalpusterlengo stations.[266][267]

People with symptoms were advised to call the emergency number 112 instead of going directly to hospitals to limit the disease's spread.[268] The Ministry of Health provided a website and a direct line (1500) where people could obtain the latest updates and information, as well as report suspected cases.[269]

Educational trips to destinations in Italy and abroad were suspended. Universities in Lombardy, Veneto, Trentino Alto-Adige, Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna suspended all activities from 23 February until 1 March.[270][271][272][273][274][275]

On 22 February 2020, Prime Minister of Italy, Giuseppe Conte, suspended all sporting events in the regions of Lombardy and Veneto, which included three Serie A football matches in those regions, as well as one in Piedmont, that were to be played the following day, due to the outbreak.[276][277][278] The following week, six Serie A matches were initially to be played behind closed doors due to scare of the outbreak, however, all were later outright suspended,[279][280][281] as well as two Coppa Italia matches.[282][283] On 4 March, the government ruled that all sporting events in Italy would be played behind closed doors until 3 April.[284]

Authorities in Veneto cancelled the last two days of the Carnival of Venice.[285] Authorities in Piedmont cancelled the last three days of the Carnival of Ivrea.[286]

La Scala, Duomo di Milano, and Piccolo Teatro in Milan, as well as Basilica Di San Marco in Venice, were closed until further notice.[287][288][289] A Giorgio Armani fashion show, which was scheduled on Sunday, the last day of Milan Fashion Week 2020, went ahead without any media or buyers present; it was instead streamed live online.[290][291]

In addition to the emergency phone numbers 112 and 118, new dedicated numbers were added for the different regions – Lombardy 800894545, Campania 800909699, Veneto 800462340, Piedmont 800333444 and Emilia-Romagna 800033033.[292][293][294][295] The Ocean Viking, a rescue ship operated by MSF and SOS Mediteranee that was carrying almost 300 migrants, was quarantined for 14 days in Pozzallo, Sicily.[296] Trenitalia and Italo, the major providers for Italy's high-speed trains, ordered the installation of hand sanitiser dispensers on all trains as well as the distribution of masks, disposable gloves and disinfectants to all onboard staffs.[297]

Empty shelves at the Esselunga supermarket in Bergamo

Supermarkets in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna were emptied by customers, as residents stockpiled food and supplies.[298][299][300] Streets, parks and train stations in multiple cities in Lombardy were left deserted.[301][302]

On 24 February, 500 additional police officers were assigned to patrol the quarantined areas in Lodi and Veneto.[303] Additional toll-free numbers were added for other regions — Valle D'Aosta 800122121, Trentino Alto Adige 800751751, Friuli Venezia Giulia 800500300, Toscana 800556060, Umbria 800636363, Marche 800936677 and Lazio 800118800.[295]

The governor of Basilicata, Vito Bardi, instituted a mandatory 14-day quarantine for people arriving from areas in Northern Italy affected by the outbreak.[303] The Ministry of Health announced that it had engaged 31 laboratories in Italy to carry out the analysis of swabs from suspected COVID-19 cases.[304] Minister Roberto Speranza appointed Walter Ricciardi, a member of World Health Organization's executive committee and former president of Italian National Institute of Health, as a special adviser for relations between Italy and international health organisations.[305] Filming of Mission: Impossible 7 starring Tom Cruise in Venice was halted.[306]

Major companies such as IBM, Enel, Luxottica, PwC and Vodafone continued to allow employees to work from home. Generali Tower in Milan and Palazzo Madama in Rome installed thermal scanners to measure temperatures of visitors and employees.[307][308] FAO headquarters in Rome conducted temperature checks on visitors entering the building.[309]

Multiple regions in Italy such as Liguria, Trentino Alto Adige, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Abruzzo and Marche decided to close all schools and universities for two days to a week. Court proceedings were postponed until further notice.[294]

The FTSE MIB Index fell by 6% and other stock market indices across Europe were also affected.[310] Over 300,000 calls per day were logged on Lombardy's toll-free line as well as the emergency number 112.[311] Some of the residents inside the Red Zone managed to leave the quarantined areas daily, bypassing the checkpoints by going through the back roads.[312][313]

On 25 February, USAF Aviano Air Base decided to close all schools until 28 February.[11] General Tod D. Walters issued a travel ban to the areas of Italy affected by the outbreak for US service members and their families.[314] Driver's license exams were suspended in Lombardy and Veneto.[315] The number of checkpoints in the Red Zones was increased from 15 to 35, and army personnel was sent to help staff these checkpoints.[316]

The Italian Basketball Federation suspended all the championship games, including Lega Basket Serie A.[317]

Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte and Health Minister Roberto Speranza during the crisis

Istituto Tecnico Economico Enrico Tosi in Varese, Istituto Comprensivo di Pianoro in Bologna, and Liceo Attilio Bertolucci in Parma conducted lessons for students online while waiting for the schools to reopen.[318][319][320] The University of Palermo suspended all activities until 9 March.[321]

Morgan Stanley, Barclays, Mediobanca and UniCredit requested their Milan staff to work from home.[322]

Multiple fairs and exhibitions were rescheduled. Salone del Mobile, a furniture fair in Milan, was postponed to 16 to 21 June.[323] Bologna Children's Book Fair was rescheduled to 4 to 7 May.[324] Cosmoprof Worldwide Bologna, a cosmetic fair, was rescheduled to 11 to 15 June.[325] Expocasa, a furniture fair in Turin, was rescheduled to 28 March to 5 April.[326] Roma Motodays was postponed to 17 to 19 April.[327]

Italy opened a probe on skyrocketing online prices for masks and sanitising gels. Police issued warnings that criminals were using false identities and posed as health inspectors to gain access to people's homes to steal money, jewellery and other valuables.[328]

On 26 February, the Director of Higher Health Council, Franco Locatelli, announced that swabbing would only be performed on symptomatic patients, as out of all the swabs previously tested, 95% were negative.[329]

The Italian Minister of University and Research, Gaetano Manfredi, announced that online lessons would be delivered to students in areas affected by the outbreak starting from 2 March.[330] Palermo and Naples decided to close all schools until 29 February.[331][332] The University of Basilicata installed a thermal scanner and continued all teaching activities as per normal.[333] The University of Bari suspended all medical- and health-related internships for medical and healthcare students.[334] Politecnico di Milano conducted thesis mentoring for more than one thousand students graduating the following week using Skype.[335]

A sign in Bologna, warning about the closure of all museums in the city due to the outbreak

The Italian Winter Sports Federation decided to proceed with the Women's World Cup alpine skiing races at La Thuile, Aosta Valley on 29 February.[336] MIDO Milan Eyewear Show was rescheduled to 5 to 7 July.[337]

On 27 February, Taranto, Apulia decided to close all schools until 29 February.[338] Multiple schools were closed in Roseto degli Abruzzi.[339] D'Annunzio University suspended all activities until 29 February.[340] Cartoocomics Fair in Milan was rescheduled to 2 to 4 October.[341] The Winter Rescue Race in Piedmont was cancelled.[342] University of Bologna planned to set up remote teaching project, where exams and lesson were delivered to students online. It would be partially completed on 2 March.[343] Messina decided to close all schools from 29 February to 3 March.[344]

On 28 February, during an interview with Rai News24, Professor Massimo Galli from the Luigi Sacco Hospital in Milan suggested that the majority of newly recorded positive cases were pre-existing cases which were finally detected during the extensive tests performed on relatives and people who came in contact to the currently affected patients.[345] The rapid increase of positive cases was due to the blanket testing approach which was deployed following the first confirmed case in Codogno.[346]

The Ministry of Health announced the new guidelines for reporting cases. It would no longer report asymptomatic cases (swabs taken from patients which tested positive but were not showing symptoms) which counted as 40 to 50% of all reported cases at the time. These people would undergo isolation at home and would be followed up with new tests until they were negative.[347][348] Universities in Lombardy extended their closure until 7 March.[11]

On 1 March, the Council of Minister approved a decree in order to organise the containment of the outbreak. In the decree, the Italian national territory was divided into three areas:[349]

  • a red zone (composed of the municipalities of Bertonico, Casalpusterlengo, Castelgerundo, Castiglione D'Adda, Codogno, Fombio, Maleo, San Fiorano, Somaglia and Terranova dei Passerini in Lombardy, and the municipality of Vò in Veneto), where the whole population is in quarantine;
  • a yellow zone (composed of the regions of Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna), where social and sport events are suspended, and schools, theatres, clubs and cinemas are closed;
  • the rest of the national territory, where safety and prevention measures are advertised in public places, and special sanitisations are done on the public transport.

On 4 March, the Italian government imposed the shut down of all schools and universities nationwide for two weeks as the country reached 100 deaths from the outbreak.[350][351]

Municipalities under quarantine[352]
Comune Province Region Start date Population
Bertonico Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 1,118
Casalpusterlengo Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 15,293
Castelgerundo Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 1,498
Castiglione d’Adda Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 4,646
Codogno Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 15,907
Fombio Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 2,317
Maleo Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 3,098
San Fiorano Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 1,839
Somaglia Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 3,837
Terranova Lodi Lombardy 22 February 2020 927
Vò Padua Veneto 22 February 2020 3,305
Quarantine total 53,785

Reactions abroad[edit]

On 23 February 2020, Austria suspended all trains to and from Italy for a couple of hours due to suspected cases.[11][353] Romania instituted quarantine for people arriving from Lombardy and Veneto.[354]

On 24 February, an Alitalia flight from Rome to Mauritius was blocked at the Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport by the local authorities, who imposed quarantine or repatriation for 212 Italian passengers.[355] 172 passengers were allowed to disembark while 40 passengers from Lombardy and Veneto decided to go back to Italy due to the quarantine rule imposed by the Mauritius government.[356] An intercity bus operated by Flixbus from Milan to Lyon was quarantined at Gare de Lyon-Perrache station so the passengers could undergo health checks.[357]

Brazil added Italy to its COVID-19 alert list, passengers entering Brazil from Italy showing flu symptoms would undergo medical checkups.[358] Argentina, France, Croatia, Egypt, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Serbia, and South Africa issued multiple recommendations which included postponement of school trips to Italy, a 14-day quarantine for people arriving from Lombardy and Veneto and for all citizens not to travel to regions of Italy affected by the outbreak.[359][360][361][362][363][364] A joint WHO and ECDC mission arrived in Italy to support COVID-19 control and prevention efforts.[365] Following the discovery of a COVID-19 case involving an Italian citizen, the H10 Costa Adeje Palace in Tenerife was put on lockdown.[366]

The European Parliament's Director General for Personnel, Kristian Knudsen requested staff, who had travelled to areas affected by COVID-19 outbreak including parts of Italy, China, Singapore or South Korea to self-quarantine and work from home for 14 days.[367][368]

The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged more than 1000 points — the worst single-day drop in more than two years. The S&P and NASDAQ indices also tumbled by more than 3.3% and 3.7% respectively.[369]

On 25 February, the United Kingdom and Malta recommended travellers coming from Italy to self-quarantine for 14 days and for all citizens not to travel to regions of Italy affected by the outbreak.[11][370][371] Malta installed thermal scanning devices to monitor passengers arriving via Malta International Airport, as well as passengers disembarking from vessels at the Grand Harbour and the Virtu Ferries catamaran terminal in Marsa — which had direct connections to Pozzalo and Catania in Sicily.[372] Prague International Airport introduced special arrival gates for selective screening of passengers arriving on flights from Italy.[373][374] Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan and Seychelles suspended all flights to and from Italy.[135][375][376] Bulgaria suspended all flights to and from Milan until 27 March. Australia, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands and the United States issued a travel advisory for all citizens not to travel to parts of Italy affected by the outbreak.[135][377]

Two intercity buses operated by Flixbus, one travelling from Lyon to Rijeka via Turin, the other travelling from Turin to Zagreb were stopped at the Croatian borders for a couple of hours as the passengers underwent health checks.[11]

Goldman Sachs, Deloitte, Citigroup Inc, Credit Suisse, Lazard, Credit Agricole, Nomura, Banque Populaire and BNP Paribas requested staff who recently returned from Italy to work from home for at least 14 days as well as deferred non-essential travels to Italy.[322][378]

On 26 February, the European Parliament postponed internships for 35 trainees who declared residence addresses in areas affected by COVID-19 outbreak including Lombardy, Piedmont, Emilia-Romagna and Veneto. For these trainees, the internships were postponed to 1 October.[379] Six American universities — Elon University, Fairfield University, Florida International University, New York University, Stanford University and Syracuse University — postponed or cancelled their study abroad programmes in Italy, mainly in Florence.[380][381]

  Italy
  Entrance refused to people from Italy
  Entrance refused to people from northern Italy (Antigua and Barbuda, Singapore)
  Imposed quarantine on people arriving from Italy
  Entrance allowed to people from Italy except in some areas of the country
  Imposed quarantine on people arriving from some areas of Italy

Russia, Spain and Turkey issued a recommendation for all citizens not to travel to regions of Italy affected by the outbreak.[19][382] El Salvador barred the entry of travellers arriving from Italy.[383]

The chief executive of the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU), Philip Browne, cancelled Six Nations Championship rugby matches between Ireland and Italy on 6–8 March in Dublin.[384]

On 27 February, Israel barred foreign nationals travelling from Italy to enter Israel. Officials at Ramon Airport refused to let 25 foreign nationals arriving on a Ryanair flight from Bergamo to disembark. Israeli passengers were allowed to enter the country and were quarantined at home for 14 days.[385][386][387] After being denied permission to dock in Ochos Rios, Jamaica and George Town, Cayman Islands on 26 February, The MSC Meraviglia operated by MSC Cruises was finally able to dock in Cozumel, Mexico. The cruise liner was carrying 4,500 passengers and 1,600 crew members, one of them was reportedly showing flu symptoms.[388][389][390][391] Another Italian cruise liner, the Costa Favolosa, which was denied permission to dock at Tortola, British Virgin Islands on 26 February, was finally able to berth in Sint Maarten.[392][393] The final two stages of the UAE Tour were cancelled after two Italian staff members of one of the teams tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Following this discovery, the W Abu Dhabi and the Crowne Plaza Abu Dhabi, both on Yas Island, were put on lockdown.[394]

On 28 February, Germany enacted new health security measures to include regulations for air and sea travel, requiring passengers from multiple countries including Italy to report their health status before entry. Train railway companies must report passengers with symptoms to authorities and the federal police would step up checks within 30 kilometres of the border.[395]

On 29 February, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) upgraded the status of Italy to level 3 (avoid non-essential travels due to widespread community transmission).[396] Multiple companies such as Amazon, Google, TD Bank Group, Bank of Nova Scotia, London Stock Exchange Group, and Cargill, Inc. deferred all non-essential travels to countries affected by major outbreak including Italy.[397] University of Notre Dame ended the Rome Global Gateway Programme and evacuated 106 students from Rome.[398]

On 4 March, Thailand declares that people travelled from Italy must getting quarantined for 14 days after arriving with no exception.[399]

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External links[edit]

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