Voiced bilabial nasal
| Voiced bilabial nasal | |
|---|---|
| m | |
| IPA Number | 114 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | m |
| Unicode (hex) | U+006D |
| X-SAMPA | m |
| Braille |  |
The bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨m⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ⟨m⟩. The bilabial nasal occurs in English, and it is the sound represented by "m" in map and rum.
It occurs nearly universally, and few languages (e.g. Mohawk) are known to lack this sound.
Features
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | мазэ | [maːza] | 'moon' | ||
| Arabic | Standard[1] | مطابخ | [maˈtˤaːbɪx] | 'kitchens' | See Arabic phonology |
| Armenian | Eastern[2] | մայր | 'mother' | ||
| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | [mara] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [maːra] | 'owner' | ||
| Basque | [[[Basque alphabet|maitatu]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [majt̪at̪u] | 'to love' | ||
| Bengali | মা | [ma] | 'mother' | See Bengali phonology | |
| Bulgarian | мъгла | [mɐɡla] | 'fog' | ||
| Catalan[3] | [[[Catalan orthography|mare]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmaɾə] | 'mother' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Cherokee | ᎠᎹ | [ama˦] | 'water' | ||
| Chinese | Cantonese | 晚/[[[Chinese Characters|maan5]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [maːn˩˧] | 'night' | See Cantonese phonology |
| Mandarin | 母親/[[[Chinese Characters|mǔqīn]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mu˨˩ tɕʰin˥] | 'mother' | See Mandarin phonology | |
| Czech | [[[Czech orthography|muž]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mʊʃ] | 'man' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch[4] | [[[Dutch orthography|mond]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mɔnt] | 'mouth' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | [[[English orthography|him]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [hɪm] | 'him' | See English phonology | |
| Filipino | [[[Filipino orthography|manok]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [maˈnok] | 'rooster' | See Filipino phonology | |
| Finnish | [[[Finnish alphabet|minä]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈminæ] | 'I' | See Finnish phonology | |
| French[5] | [[[French orthography|manger]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mɑ̃ʒe] | 'to eat' | See French phonology | |
| Georgian[6] | სამი | [ˈsɑmi] | 'three' | ||
| German | [Maus] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [maʊ̯s] | 'mouse' | See German phonology | |
| Greek[7] | [[[Greek alphabet|μάζα]]/maza] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmaza] | 'clump' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Gujarati | [[[Gujarati alphabet|મોર]]/mōr] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [moːɾ] | 'male peacock' | See Gujarati phonology | |
| Hawaiian[8] | [[[Hawaiian alphabet|maka]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [maka] | 'eye' | See Hawaiian phonology | |
| Hindi | [[[Devanāgarī|मकान]]] Error: {{Lang}}: script: deva not supported for code: hi (help) | [məkaːn] | 'house' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Hebrew | אמא | [ˈʔimä] | 'mother' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | |
| Hungarian | [[[Hungarian orthography|ma]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mɒ] | 'today' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Indonesian[9] | [masuk] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmäsʊʔ] | 'enter' | ||
| Italian[10] | [[[Italian alphabet|mamma]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmamma] | 'mommy' | See Italian phonology | |
| Japanese[11] | 乾杯/[kampai] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [kampai] | 'cheers' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Kabardian | мазэ | [maːza] | 'moon' | ||
| Kagayanen[12] | ? | [manaŋ] | 'older sister' | ||
| Korean | 엄마/[eomma] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ʌmma] | 'mommy' | See Korean phonology | |
| Macedonian | мајка | [ˈmajka] | 'mother' | See Macedonian phonology | |
| Malay | [[[Malay alphabet|malam]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mäläm] | 'night' | ||
| Malayalam[13] | കമ്മി | [kəmmi] | 'shortage' | ||
| Maltese | [ilma] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ilma] | 'water' | ||
| Marathi | मन | [mən] | 'mind' | See Marathi phonology | |
| Mutsun | [muruṭ] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [muɾuʈ] | 'night' | ||
| Norwegian | [[[Norwegian alphabet|mamma]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmɑmːɑ] | 'mom' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Persian | مادر | [mɒdær] | 'mother' | See Persian phonology | |
| Pirahã | [baíxi] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmàí̯ʔì] | 'parent' | allophone of /b/ | |
| Polish[14] | [[[Polish orthography|masa]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | 'mass' | See Polish phonology | ||
| Portuguese[15] | [[[Portuguese orthography|mato]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmatu] | 'bush' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Punjabi | ਮੈਂ | [mɛ̃ː] | 'I' | ||
| Russian[16] | муж | 'husband' | Contrasts with palatalized version. See Russian phonology | ||
| Serbo-Croatian | милина / [milina] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [milǐnä] | 'enjoyment' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Slovak | [[[Slovak alphabet|muž]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mʊʃ] | 'man' | ||
| Spanish[17] | [grumete] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ɡɾuˈme̞te̞] | 'cabin boy' | See Spanish phonology | |
| Swahili | [[[Latin script|miti]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmiti] | 'trees' | ||
| Swedish | [[[Swedish alphabet|mask]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mask] | 'worm' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Tsez | мец | [mɛ̝t͡s] | 'tongue' | ||
| Turkish | [[[Turkish alphabet|benim]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [be̞nim] | 'mine' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Ukrainian | молоко | [moɫoˈkɔ] | 'milk' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Urdu | مکان | [məkaːn] | 'house' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Uyghur | [[[Uyghur alphabet|men]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mæn] | 'I' | ||
| Vietnamese[18] | [[[Vietnamese alphabet|muối]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mwoj˧ˀ˥] | 'salt' | See Vietnamese phonology | |
| Welsh | [[[Welsh alphabet|mam]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mam] | 'mother' | See Welsh phonology | |
| West Frisian | [mar] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mar] | 'lake' | ||
| Yi | ꂷ/[[[Yi script|ma]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ma˧ ] | 'bamboo' | ||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[19] | man | [maŋ] | 'animal' | |
See also
References
- ^ Thelwall (1990:37)
- ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:19)
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
- ^ Newton (1972:10)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:139)
- ^ Soderberg & Olson (2008:210)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
- ^ Okada (1991:94)
- ^ Olson et al. (2010:206–207)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:165)
- ^ Jassem (2003:103)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Padgett (2003:42)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
- ^ Thompson (1959:458–461)
- ^ Merrill (2008:108)
Bibliography
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
- Newton, Brian (1972), The generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology, Cambridge Studies in Linguistics, vol. 8, Cambridge University Press
- Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 21 (2): 94–97, doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X
- Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
- Soderberg, Craig D.; Olson, Kenneth S. (2008), "Illustrations of the IPA:Indonesian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (2): 209–213, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003320
- Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
- Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
