CNN

For other uses, see CNN (disambiguation).

Cable News Network

Country	United States
Headquarters	CNN Center Atlanta, Georgia
Programming
Language(s)	English
Ownership
Owner	Cable News Network, Inc. (Turner Broadcasting System (Time Warner))

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. The cable news channel was founded in 1980 by American media mogul Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN was the first channel to provide 24-hour television news coverage, and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

While the news channel has numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts from its headquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta, the Time Warner Center in New York City, and studios in Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles. CNN is sometimes referred to as CNN/U.S. to distinguish the American channel from its international counterpart, CNN International. As of August 2010, CNN is available in over 100 million U.S. households. Broadcast coverage extends to over 890,000 American hotel rooms, and the U.S. channel is also carried on cable and satellite in Canada. Globally, CNN programming airs through CNN International, which can be seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories.

As of August 2013, approximately 98,496,000 American households (86.25% of cable, satellite & telco customers) receive CNN.

History

Early history

Main article: History of CNN (1980–2003)

File:CNN Launch June 1, 1980.jpg

CNN's first broadcast with David Walker and Lois Hart on June 1, 1980.

The Cable News Network was launched at 5:00 p.m. ET on June 1, 1980. After an introduction by Ted Turner, the husband and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart anchored the channel's first newscast. Burt Reinhardt, the then executive vice president of CNN, hired most of CNN's first 200 employees, including the network's first news anchor, Bernard Shaw.

Since its debut, CNN has expanded its reach to a number of cable and satellite television providers, several websites, and specialized closed-circuit channels (such as CNN Airport Network). The company has 36 bureaus (10 domestic, 26 international), more than 900 affiliated local stations, and several regional and foreign-language networks around the world. The channel's success made a bona-fide mogul of founder Ted Turner and set the stage for the Time Warner conglomerate's eventual acquisition of Turner Broadcasting System in 1996.

A companion channel, CNN2, was launched on January 1, 1982 and featured a continuous 24-hour cycle of 30-minute news broadcasts. The channel, which later became known as "CNN Headline News" and then simply "HLN", eventually focused on live news coverage supplemented by personality-based programs during the evening and primetime hours.

Major events

Replica of the newsroom at CNN Center.

Challenger disaster

On January 28, 1986, CNN carried the only live television coverage of the launch and subsequent explosion of Space Shuttle Challenger, which killed all seven crew members on board.

Baby Jessica rescue

On October 14, 1987, an 18-month-old toddler named Jessica McClure fell down a well in Midland, Texas. CNN quickly reported on the story, and the event helped make its name. The New York Times ran a retrospective article in 1995 on the impact of live video news. "If a picture is worth a thousand words, then a moving picture is worth many times that, and a live moving picture makes an emotional connection that goes deeper than logic and lasts well beyond the actual event. This was before correspondents reported live from the enemy capital while American bombs were falling. Before Saddam Hussein held a surreal press conference with a few of the hundreds of Americans he was holding hostage. Before the nation watched, riveted but powerless, as Los Angeles was looted and burned. Before O. J. Simpson took a slow ride in a white Bronco, and before everyone close to his case had an agent and a book contract. This was uncharted territory just a short time ago."

Gulf War

The first Persian Gulf War in 1991 was a watershed event for CNN that catapulted the channel past the "big three" American networks for the first time in its history, largely due to an unprecedented, historical scoop: CNN was the only news outlet with the ability to communicate from inside Iraq during the initial hours of the Coalition bombing campaign, with live reports from the al-Rashid Hotel in Baghdad by reporters Bernard Shaw, John Holliman, and Peter Arnett.

File:CNN Gulf War nightscope January 1991.jpg

Operation Desert Storm as captured live on a CNN night vision camera with reporters narrating.

The moment when bombing began was announced on CNN by Bernard Shaw on January 16, 1991 as follows:

This is Bernie Shaw. Something is happening outside...Peter Arnett, join me here. Let's describe to our viewers what we're seeing...The skies over Baghdad have been illuminated...We're seeing bright flashes going off all over the sky.

Because it was unable to immediately broadcast live pictures from Baghdad, CNN's coverage of the initial hours of the Gulf War had the dramatic feel of a radio broadcast – and was compared to the legendary CBS newsman Edward R. Murrow's gripping live radio reports of the German bombing of London during World War II. Despite the lack of live pictures, CNN's coverage was carried by television stations and networks around the world, resulting in CNN being watched by over a billion viewers worldwide – a feat that led to the subsequent creation of CNN International.

The Gulf War experience brought CNN some much sought-after legitimacy and made household names of previously obscure reporters. Many of these reporters now comprise CNN's "old guard." Bernard Shaw became CNN's chief anchor until his retirement in 2001. Others include then-Pentagon correspondent Wolf Blitzer (now host of The Situation Room) and international correspondent Christiane Amanpour. Amanpour's presence in Iraq was caricatured by actress Nora Dunn as the ruthless reporter "Adriana Cruz" in the film Three Kings (1999). Time Warner later produced a television movie, Live from Baghdad, about the channel's coverage of the first Gulf War, which aired on HBO.

CNN effect

Coverage of the first Gulf War and other crises of the early 1990s (particularly the infamous Battle of Mogadishu) led officials at the Pentagon to coin the term "the CNN effect" to describe the perceived impact of real time, 24-hour news coverage on the decision-making processes of the American government.

September 11 attacks

CNN breaking the news about the September 11 attacks.

CNN was the first cable news channel to break the news of the September 11 attacks. Anchor Carol Lin was on the air to deliver the first public report of the event. She broke into a commercial at 8:49 a.m. ET and said:

This just in. You are looking at obviously a very disturbing live shot there. That is the World Trade Center, and we have unconfirmed reports this morning that a plane has crashed into one of the towers of the World Trade Center. CNN Center right now is just beginning to work on this story, obviously calling our sources and trying to figure out exactly what happened, but clearly something relatively devastating happening this morning there on the south end of the island of Manhattan. That is once again, a picture of one of the towers of the World Trade Center.

Sean Murtagh, CNN vice president of finance and administration, was the first network employee on the air. He called into CNN Center from his office at CNN's New York bureau and reported that a commercial jet hit the Trade Center.

Daryn Kagan and Leon Harris were live on the air just after 9 a.m. ET as the second plane hit the World Trade Center and through an interview with CNN correspondent David Ensor, reported the news that U.S. officials determined "that this is a terrorist act." Later, Aaron Brown anchored through the day and night as the attacks unfolded. Brown had just come to CNN from ABC to be the breaking news anchor.

Paula Zahn assisted in the September 11, 2001, coverage on her first day as a CNN reporter, a fact that she mentioned as a guest clue presenter on a 2005 episode of Jeopardy!

CNN has made archival files of much of the day's broadcast available in five segments plus an overview.

2008 U.S. election

The stage for the second 2008 CNN-YouTube presidential debate.

Leading up to the 2008 U.S. presidential election, CNN devoted large amounts of coverage to politics, including hosting candidate debates during the Democratic and Republican primary seasons. On June 3 and 5, CNN teamed up with Saint Anselm College to sponsor the New Hampshire Republican and Democratic Debates. Later in 2007, the channel hosted the first CNN-YouTube presidential debates, a non-traditional format where viewers were invited to pre-submit questions over the internet via the YouTube video-sharing service. In 2008, CNN partnered with The Los Angeles Times to host two primary debates leading up to its coverage of Super Tuesday. CNN's debate and election night coverage led to its highest ratings of the year, with January 2008 viewership averaging 1.1 million viewers, a 41% increase over the previous year.

2012 U.S. election

CNN again devoted large amounts of coverage to the 2012 U.S. Presidential campaign. One of its reporters, Candy Crowley, acted as moderator for one of the three debates between Mitt Romney and Barack Obama. Some conservatives viewed her as overly partisan/biased due to her attempts at correcting statements by both candidates on the 2012 Benghazi consulate attack.

Programming

Current shows

Weekdays
EST	Program	Host(s)	Location
4a-6a	Early Start	John Berman and Zoraida Sambolin	New York City
6a-9a	New Day	Chris Cuomo, Kate Bolduan and Michaela Pereira
9a-11a	CNN Newsroom	Carol Costello	Atlanta
11a-12p	Legal View with Ashleigh Banfield	Ashleigh Banfield	New York City
12p-1p	Around the World	Suzanne Malveaux and Michael Holmes	Atlanta
1p-2p	CNN Newsroom	Wolf Blitzer	Washington D.C.
2p-4p		Brooke Baldwin	Atlanta
4p-5p	The Lead with Jake Tapper	Jake Tapper	Washington D.C.
5p-6.30p	The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer	Wolf Blitzer
6:30p-7p	Crossfire	S. E. Cupp, Stephanie Cutter, Newt Gingrich and Van Jones
7p-8p	Erin Burnett OutFront	Erin Burnett	New York City
8p-9p	Anderson Cooper 360°	Anderson Cooper
9p-10p	Piers Morgan Live	Piers Morgan
10p-11p	AC360° Later	Anderson Cooper
Saturday
EST	Program	Host(s)	Location
6a-9.30a	New Day Saturday	Victor Blackwell	Atlanta
9.30a-10a	Your Money	Christine Romans	New York City
10a-11a	CNN Newsroom	Victor Blackwell	Atlanta
11a-2p		Fredricka Whitfield
2p-2.30p	Your Money	Christine Romans	New York City
2.30p-3p	The Next List	Dr. Sanjay Gupta	Atlanta
3p-4.30p	CNN Newsroom	Fredricka Whitfield
4.30p-5p	Sanjay Gupta MD	Dr. Sanjay Gupta	Atlanta
5p-8p	CNN Newsroom	Don Lemon	New York City
8p-6a	CNN Special Investigations Unit / CNN Presents / Other specials
Sunday
EST	Program	Host(s)	Location
6a-7.30a	New Day Sunday	Victor Blackwell	Atlanta
7.30a-8a	Sanjay Gupta MD (repeat)	Dr. Sanjay Gupta
8a-9a	New Day Sunday	Victor Blackwell
9a-10a	State of the Union with Candy Crowley	Candy Crowley	Washington D.C.
10a-11a	Fareed Zakaria GPS	Fareed Zakaria	New York City
11a-12p	Reliable Sources	Various	Washington D.C.
12p-1p	State of the Union with Candy Crowley (repeat)	Candy Crowley
1p-2p	Fareed Zakaria GPS (repeat)	Fareed Zakaria	New York City
2p-3p	CNN Newsroom	Fredricka Whitfield	Atlanta
3p-4p	Your Money (repeat)	Christine Romans	New York City
4p-6p	CNN Newsroom	Fredricka Whitfield	Atlanta
6p-8p		Don Lemon	New York City
8p-5a	CNN Special Investigations Unit / CNN Presents / Other specials
9p-10p	Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown	Anthony Bourdain	Unknown

On-air presentation

In December 2008, CNN introduced a new graphics package, a comprehensive redesign replacing the existing style that had been used since 2004. The design replaced the scrolling ticker that had been in use since 2001, with the ticker space now carrying headlines both manually put in and taken from the RSS feeds of CNN.com, and rebranded as 'the flipper'. On March 1, 2009, the redundant CNN HD logo was removed from the bottom left corner of the screen. CNN's new graphic design is similar to its sister channel, CNN International. The CNN logo itself has remained relatively unchanged since the channel's launch, except that it was originally displayed in yellow (later changing to the current red), a 3-D 'shadow' effect was removed, and other design choices were made to acclimate the logo for both modern times and advances in graphical technology, making it the only Turner network besides Turner Classic Movies to retain its original logo through their entire history.

On January 10, 2011, CNN introduced its most recent graphics package, in conjunction with the network-wide switch to a 16:9 letterbox format from 4:3. Both of CNN's standard definition and high definition feeds now carry the same 16:9 format; however, video footage broadcast in standard definition on either feed is not pillarboxed, resulting in black bars on the top and bottom of the screen as well as the left and right. World Business Today and World One, which both began to be simulcast from CNN International on January 17, 2011, are still both broadcast in the 4:3 picture format on the CNN SD feed.

The 'flipper' was retired on February 18, 2013 and replaced with a traditional right-to-left scrolling ticker once again, in line with Jeff Zucker's new leadership of the network. After a day with a blue background with white text, the ticker was reconfigured with blue text on a white background to match the look of the 'flipper'.

Former programs

Program	Terms	Description
American Morning	2001–2011	A weekday morning news program. Replaced by Starting Point.
Ballot Bowl	2008	Election news in 2008.
Both Sides with Jesse Jackson	1992–2000	A political talk show, hosted by civil rights leader and two-time presidential candidate Jesse Jackson, that aired Sundays. Each program began with a short taped report on the topic by CNN correspondent John Bisney. The show ran from 1992 to 2000.
Burden of Proof	1995–2001	A show that discussed the legal issues of the day, hosted by Greta Van Susteren and Roger Cossack.
Campbell Brown	2008–2010	A political debate show hosted by Campbell Brown. Ended after Brown resigned from CNN.
Capital Gang	1988–2005	One of cable news' longest-running programs, focusing on discussion of the political news of the week. The original panelists were Pat Buchanan, Al Hunt, Mark Shields and Robert Novak. When Buchanan left CNN to run for president, Margaret Warner, Mona Charen and later Margaret Carlson and Kate O'Beirne became regular panelists. Capital Gang aired Saturday nights at 7 p.m. ET from 1988 to 2005.
CNN Daybreak	1980–2005	A first look at the day's stories that aired live from New York City at 5 a.m. ET.
CNN Live Saturday / CNN Live Sunday	Unknown–2006	A look at what's making the news on the weekends, airing live from Atlanta. Anchored by Fredricka Whitfield from 12 to 6 p.m. ET and Carol Lin from 6 to 11 p.m. ET. Replaced in 2006 by CNN Newsroom Weekend.
CNN Live Today	2001–2006	Daily look at what's making the news, airing live from Atlanta Monday through Friday at 10 a.m. ET. Anchored by Daryn Kagan.
CNN NewsSite	2001	Anchored by Joie Chen from Atlanta that aired Monday through Friday at 4 p.m. ET. Integrated the news and internet.
CNN Saturday Night / CNN Sunday Night	Unknown–2006	The channel's weekend evening news program, airing at 6 and 10 p.m. ET. Anchored by Carol Lin. Replaced in 2006 by CNN Newsroom Weekend.
CNN Sports Sunday		Co-anchored by Bob Kurtz and Nick Charles.
CNN Tonight	2001	Anchored by Bill Hemmer at 10 p.m. ET and Catherine Callaway at 1 a.m. ET. Brought back in late 2009 to replace Lou Dobbs Tonight as a placeholder until new programming debuted in 2010.
Computer Connection		Technological issues.
Connie Chung Tonight	2002–2003	Hosted by Connie Chung. Cancelled in March 2003.
Crossfire	1982–2005	A political "debate" program, anchored by hosts from left-wing and right-wing ideologies, that aired during prime time and daytime until mid-2005. Originally hosted by Tom Braden and Pat Buchanan, other hosts included Robert Novak, Michael Kinsley, John H. Sununu, Bill Press, Geraldine Ferraro, Mary Matalin, Tucker Carlson, James Carville and Paul Begala.
Diplomatic License	1994–2006	Weekly program on CNN International hosted by Richard Roth, focusing on the United Nations.
Evans and Novak	1980–2002	Saturday night political interview program with Rowland Evans and Robert Novak. The name changed to Evans, Novak, Hunt & Shields in 1998 when Al Hunt and Mark Shields became permanent panelists. When Evans died in 2001, the name changed to Novak, Hunt & Shields for its final year on CNN.
First Evening News	2001	Bill Hemmer anchored the half-hour news show at 6 p.m. ET in June and 7 p.m. ET from July to September 10, 2001.
Freeman Reports		One of the original programs from 1980. Host Sonja Freeman interviewed guests and took live telephone call-ins regarding current news events and other topics of interest. For a brief period, the program featured a live audience in Atlanta. Freeman's former time slot is now occupied by Larry King.
Future Watch		Technological issues.
(Get To) The Point		A panel discussion program featuring Donny Deutsch, Rick Reilly, Margaret Hoover, and Jason Taylor; announced and premiered on April 1, 2013 as a week-long trial.
Global View	1994–1999	International policy interview show hosted by world affairs correspondent Ralph Begleiter, aired weekly on CNN (1994–1995) and CNN International (1994–1999). Program began with Begleiter package on subject, followed by lengthy interview with international figure and ended with brief "Reporter's Notebook" segment featuring insider tidbits from the host's extensive travel covering global politics. Produced by Pam Benson with Joann Sierra.
Greenfield at Large	2001–2002	Anchored by Jeff Greenfield in New York City that aired Monday through Friday at 10:30 p.m. ET.
Inside Politics	Unknown–2005	A political program that aired Monday through Friday from 3:30 to 5 p.m. ET. Replaced by The Situation Room in 2005.
In the Arena	2010–2011	Originally titled Parker Spitzer and hosted by Kathleen Parker and Eliot Spitzer, it was a program that discussed the day's news with top journalists and contributors.
John King, USA	2010–2012	A program that discussed the day's political news.
Larry King Live	1985–2010	Hosted by Larry King, it was the most watched (and longest running) program on CNN, with over one million viewers nightly.
Live From...		A lively look at the day's stories airing live from Atlanta at 1 p.m. ET. Anchored by Kyra Phillips.
Live From The Headlines	2003	Was Paula Zahn's prime-time show after moving from her morning slot, aired from 7 to 9 p.m. ET and was later co-hosted by Anderson Cooper; replaced by Paula Zahn Now in 2003.
Lou Dobbs This Week
Lou Dobbs Tonight	1980–2009	Anchored by Lou Dobbs, the program originally aired as Moneyline before relaunching as Lou Dobbs Tonight in 2003.
Newshour		Daily news.
NewsNight with Aaron Brown	2001–2005	A hard-news program anchored by Aaron Brown which took an in-depth look at the main U.S. and international stories of the day. Was axed from CNN's schedule on November 5, 2005, leading to Brown's immediate resignation from CNN.
Newsstand	1999–2001	News magazine.
Next@CNN	2002–2005	A scientific and technology oriented program hosted by Daniel Sieberg. Aired on weekends.
On the Story	Unknown–2006	CNN's interactive "week-in-review" series featuring an in-depth look at the story behind some of the week's biggest stories. Anchored by Ali Velshi. However, the show was suspended in June 2006, then later cancelled in July 2006.
Paula Zahn Now	2003–2007	Was a look at the current issues affecting the world, with former CBS and Fox News anchor Paula Zahn. The program's last broadcast was on August 2, 2007.
People in the News	Unknown–2005	CNN's feature-format program with People magazine profiling newsmakers from politics, sports, business, medicine and entertainment. The program aired on weekends and was first hosted by Daryn Kagan and later by Paula Zahn.
People Now	1980–Unknown	Another original program. Host Lee Leonard interviewed celebrities and discussed entertainment news in a one-hour program live from the CNN Los Angeles bureau. Leonard was replaced by Mike Douglas, who himself was replaced by Bill Tush in December 1982.
Pinnacle with Tom Cassidy	Unknown–2004	Business news and leaders.
The Point with Greta Van Susteren	2001–2002	Primetime news and interviews. Canceled when Greta Van Susteren moved to Fox News Channel.
Rick's List	2010	Anchored by Rick Sanchez, the host would discuss the day's news with viewers via social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Sanchez was fired from the channel after making controversial statements about Jewish people on a radio show (see Controversy for further details).
Science and Technology Week	Unknown–2001	Weekly half-hour featuring scientific and technology reports and comments on the week's news on those subjects. Anchored most recently by Miles O'Brien.
Sonya / Sonya Live in L.A.	1987–1994	A weekday call-in show airing at 1 p.m. ET in the late 1980s and early 1990s, hosted by Dr. Sonya Friedman.
The Spin Room	2001	Tucker Carlson and Bill Press hosted a political talk show that aired at 10:30 p.m. ET.
Sports Tonight	1980–2001	A nightly sports news program co-anchored by Nick Charles and Fred Hickman.
Starting Point	2012–2013	A weekday morning news program, anchored by Soledad O'Brien. Replaced by New Day.
Style with Elsa Klensch	1980–2000	Weekly half-hour show on Saturday mornings that featured news on style and fashion.
TalkBack Live	1994–2003	A call-in talk show with a live audience hosted most recently by Arthel Neville.
Wolf Blitzer Reports	2001–2005	A daily look at the day's stories that aired live from Washington at 5 p.m. ET. Replaced by The Situation Room in 2005.
Your Health		Health news.

Staff

Main article: List of CNN anchors

On July 27, 2012, CNN president Jim Walton announced he was quitting at CNN after working there over 30 years. He remained with the network until the end of the year. In January 2013, former NBCUniversal president Jeff Zucker replaced Walton.

Anderson Cooper, anchor of AC 360°.

Richard Quest, London-based correspondent.

Political contributors

On January 29, 2013 James Carville, Mary Matalin and Erick Erickson were let go as contributors.

Liberals: Paul Begala Hilary Rosen Jamal Simmons Marjorie Clifton Penny Lee Maria Cardona Alicia Menendez Christine Pelosi Stephanie Cutter Robert Zimmerman Roland S. Martin Donna Brazile Lanny Davis	Conservatives: Marsha Blackburn Ed Rollins William Bennett Nancy Pfotenhauer Amy Holmes Tara Wall David Frum Rich Galen Margaret Hoover Susan Molinari Leslie Sanchez Terry Holt Kraran Hanretty Cheri Jacobus Dana Loesch Gretchen Hamel Ari Fleischer Kevin Madden Alex Castellanos Sam Dealey

Political analysts

• Jack Cafferty – commentator
• Gloria Borger – chief political analyst
• Candy Crowley – senior political correspondent
• Jeffrey Toobin – senior legal analyst
• Bill Schneider – senior political analyst
• David Gergen – senior political analyst
• John King – chief national correspondent
• Jill Dougherty – foreign affairs correspondent

High definition

American Morning on CNN HD with the 2004–2008 graphics package.

CNN HD is a high definition simulcast feed of CNN that broadcasts in the 1080i resolution format, it launched in September 2007. All studio shows are broadcast in HD, as well as special events.

In late 2010, CNN/U.S. became is available in high definition to viewers in Japan under the name CNN HD. Whether this is a one-off case or the beginning of an international roll-out of CNN HD with more countries to come is unclear. Formerly during American Morning, CNN HD viewers saw weather forecasts in a graphical pillarbox on the sides of the screen (American cities on the right, and cities outside of the U.S. on the left). This feature was removed in November 2009.

The documentary Planet in Peril was CNN's first documentary program produced in HD, followed by Black in America (its sequel Black in America 2 also aired in HD). Its spinoff Latino in America was also broadcast in HD. CNN HD also used to display a CNN HD logo bug (the normal CNN logo with the letters "HD" in a different, gray colored font next to it) on the bottom left corner of the screen; it was last used on February 28, 2009.

Special events

All special event programming on CNN is broadcast in full HD. During primary and caucus nights, America Votes 2008 was produced in complete HD with Wolf Blitzer anchoring from CNN's main New York City studio, which was renamed the CNN Election Center. During this time, CNN HD viewers got additional information in the form of a pillarbox on each side of the screen such as poll numbers, charts and graphs. This also happened for the 2008 Democratic National Convention, the 2008 Republican National Convention, the 2008 United States Presidential Debates, the 2008 United States Vice Presidential Debate and the 2008 Election Day coverage on November 4, all of which were also shot in HD. Other special events such as Presidential speeches and press conferences are televised in HD.

The CNN Election Express bus, used for HD broadcasts.

CNN's political coverage in HD was given mobility by the introduction of the CNN Election Express bus in October 2007. The Election Express vehicle, capable of five simultaneous HD feeds, was used for the channel's CNN-YouTube presidential debates and for presidential candidate interviews.

Coverage

Initial carriage of CNN in HD on cable and satellite providers was limited. DirecTV was the first provider to carry it, adding it mid-September 2007. By June 2008, Comcast, Time Warner Cable, Cox Communications, AT&T U-verse, Rogers Cable, Midcontinent Communications, Bright House Networks and Dish Network began carriage of CNN HD. CNN is also rebroadcast on the Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) during the midday and evening news in Barbados.

Other platforms

Online

File:CNN Website April 2011.png

International version in April 2011

CNN debuted its news website CNN.com (initially an experiment known as CNN Interactive) on August 30, 1995. The site attracted growing interest over its first decade and is now one of the most popular news websites in the world. The widespread growth of blogs, social media and user-generated content have influenced the site, and blogs in particular have focused CNN's previously scattershot online offerings, most noticeably in the development and launch of CNN Pipeline in late 2005.

In April 2009, CNN.com ranked third place among online global news sites in unique users in the U.S. according to Nielsen/NetRatings; with an increase of 11% over the previous year.

CNN Pipeline was the name of a paid subscription service, its corresponding website, and a content delivery client that provided streams of live video from up to four sources (or "pipes"), on-demand access to CNN stories and reports, and optional pop-up "news alerts" to computer users. The installable client was available to users of PCs running Microsoft Windows. There was also a browser-based "web client" that did not require installation. In July 2007, the service was discontinued and replaced with a free streaming service.

The now-defunct topical news program Judy Woodruff's Inside Politics was the first CNN program to feature a round-up of blogs in 2005. Blog coverage was expanded when Inside Politics was folded into The Situation Room. In 2006, CNN launched CNN Exchange and CNN iReport, initiatives designed to further introduce and centralize the impact of everything from blogging to citizen journalism within the CNN brand. CNN iReport which features user-submitted photos and video, has achieved considerable traction, with increasingly professional-looking reports filed by amateur journalists, many still in high school or college. The iReport gained more prominence when observers of the Virginia Tech shootings sent-in first hand photos of what was going on during the shootings.

In early 2008, CNN began maintaining a live streaming broadcast available to those who receive CNN at home. CNN International is broadcast live, as part of the RealNetworks SuperPass subscription outside the U.S. CNN also offers several RSS feeds and podcasts.

On April 18, 2008, CNN.com was targeted by Chinese hackers in retaliation for the channel's coverage on the 2008 Tibetan unrest. CNN reported that they took preventative measures after news broke of the impending attack.

The company was honored at the 2008 Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for development and implementation of an integrated and portable IP-based live, edit and store-and-forward digital news gathering (DNG) system. The first use of what would later win CNN this award was in April 2001 when CNN correspondent Lisa Rose Weaver covered, and was detained, for the release of the U.S. Navy crew of a damaged electronic surveillance plane after the Hainan Island incident. The technology consisted of a videophone produced by 7E Communications Ltd of London, UK. This DNG workflow is used today by the network to receive material world wide using an Apple MacBook Pro, various prosumer and professional digital cameras, software from Streambox Inc., and BGAN terminals from Hughes Network Systems.

On October 24, 2009, CNN launched a new version of their CNN.com website, revamping it adding a new "sign up" option where users may create their own user name, a new "CNN Pulse" (beta) feature along with a new red color theme. However, most of the news stories archived on the website have been deleted.

CNN also has a channel in the popular video-sharing site YouTube, but its videos can only be viewed in the United States, a source of criticism among YouTube users worldwide.

In April 2010, CNN announced via Twitter its upcoming food blog called "Eatocracy," in which it will "cover all news related to food – from recalls to health issues to culture." CNN had an internet relay chat (IRC) network at chat.cnn.com. CNN placed a live chat with Benjamin Netanyahu on the network in 1998.

Films

Main article: CNN Films

In October 2012, CNN formed a film division called CNN Films to distribute and produce made-for-TV and feature documentaries. Its first acquisition was a documentary entitled Girl Rising, a documentary narrated by Meryl Streep that focused on the struggles of girls' education.

Specialized channels

See also: Specialty channel

CNN en Español televised debate for the 2005 Chilean elections.

Post production editing offices in Atlanta.

• CNN Airport Network
• CNN Chile – a Chilean news channel that launched on December 4, 2008.
• CNN en Español
• CNN International
• CNN TÜRK – a Turkish media outlet.
• CNN-IBN – an Indian news channel.
• CNNj – a Japanese news outlet.
• HLN
• n-tv – a 24-hour news channel in Germany that broadcasts in the German language, and is owned by RTL Group. In 2009, on-air graphics (DOG position and news ticker) were made to resemble that of CNN.

Former channels

• CNN Checkout Channel (out-of-home place-based custom channel for grocery stores that started in 1991 and shuttered in 1993)
• CNN Italia (an Italian news website launched in partnership with the publishing company Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso, and after with the financial newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore, it launched on November 15, 1999 and closed on September 12, 2003)
• CNN Pipeline (24-hour multi-channel broadband online news service, replaced with CNN.com Live)
• CNN Sports Illustrated (also known as CNNSI; U.S. sports news channel, closed in 2002)
• CNN+ (a partner channel in Spain, launched in 1999 with Sogecable)
• CNN.com Live
• CNNfn (financial channel, closed in December 2004)

Experiments

CNN launched two specialty news channels for the American market which would later close amid competitive pressure: CNNSI shut down in 2002, and CNNfn shut down after nine years on the air in December 2004. CNN and Sports Illustrated's partnership continues today online at CNNSI.com. CNN's former website now redirects to money.cnn.com, a product of CNN's strategic partnership with Money magazine. Money and SI are both properties of Time Warner, along with CNN.

Bureaus

CNN bureau locations.

The CNN Center in Atlanta.

CNN in New York City.

CNN Center studios.

Note: Boldface indicates that they are CNN's original bureaus, meaning they have been in operation since CNN's founding.

United States

Atlanta (World Headquarters) Boston Chicago Dallas Los Angeles Miami New Orleans New York City San Francisco Washington, D.C.	Columbus Denver Houston Las Vegas Minneapolis Orlando Philadelphia Phoenix Raleigh-Durham Seattle

Worldwide

Many of the following bureaus have been closed or – due to the financial crisis – their budget cut:

• Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Middle East regional headquarters)
• Baghdad, Iraq
• Bangkok, Thailand
• Beijing, China
• Beirut, Lebanon
• Berlin, Germany
• Bogotá, Colombia
• Cairo, Egypt
• Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• Havana, Cuba
• Hong Kong (Asia/Pacific regional headquarters)
• Islamabad, Pakistan
• Istanbul, Turkey
• Jakarta, Indonesia
• Jerusalem, Israel
• Johannesburg, South Africa
• Lagos, Nigeria
• London, United Kingdom (European regional headquarters)
• Madrid, Spain
• Mexico City, Mexico
• Moscow, Russia
• Nairobi, Kenya
• New Delhi, India
• Paris, France
• Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Rome, Italy
• Santiago, Chile
• São Paulo, Brazil
• Seoul, South Korea
• Sydney, Australia
• Tehran, Iran (until the 2009 election, when foreign media were expelled from the country)
• Tokyo, Japan

In parts of the world without a CNN bureau, the network will use local affiliate station reports which will be used to file a story.

Controversy

Main article: CNN controversies

In a joint study by the Joan Shorenstein Center on Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University and the Project for Excellence in Journalism, the authors found disparate treatment by the three major cable channels of Republican and Democratic candidates during the earliest five months of presidential primaries in 2007: "The CNN programming studied tended to cast a negative light on Republican candidates – by a margin of three-to-one. Four-in-ten stories (41%) were clearly negative while just 14% were positive and 46% were neutral. The network provided negative coverage of all three main candidates with McCain faring the worst (63% negative) and Romney faring a little better than the others only because a majority of his coverage was neutral. It's not that Democrats, other than Obama, fared well on CNN either. Nearly half of the Illinois Senator's stories were positive (46%), vs. just 8% that were negative. But both Clinton and Edwards ended up with more negative than positive coverage overall. So while coverage for Democrats overall was a bit more positive than negative, that was almost all due to extremely favorable coverage for Obama."

CNN has been accused of perpetrating media bias for allegedly promoting both a conservative and a liberal agenda based on previous incidents. Accuracy in Media and the Media Research Center have claimed that CNN's reporting contains liberal editorializing within news stories.

CNN is one of the world's largest news organizations, and its international channel, CNN International is the leading international news channel in terms of viewer reach. CNN International makes extensive use of affiliated reporters that are local to, and often directly affected by, the events they are reporting. The effect is a more immediate, less detached style of on-the-ground coverage. This has done little to stem criticism, largely from Middle Eastern nations, that CNN International reports news from a pro-American perspective. This is a marked contrast to domestic criticisms that often portray CNN as having a "liberal" or "anti-American" bias.

As said by Ted Turner, founder of CNN, "There really isn't much of a point getting some Tom, Dick or Harry off the streets to report on when we can snag a big name whom everyone identifies with. After all, it's all part of the business." However, in April 2008, Turner criticized the direction CNN has taken. Others have echoed that criticism, especially in light of CNN's drop in the ratings.

On April 24, 2008 beautician Liang Shubing and teacher Li Lilan sued commentator Jack Cafferty and CNN $1.3 billion damages ($1 per person in China), in New York, for "violating the dignity and reputation of the Chinese people". This was in response to an incident during CNN's "The Situation Room" on April 9, where Cafferty stated his opinion that "[the USA] continue to import their junk with the lead paint on them and the poisoned pet food" despite his view that "[the Chinese leaders were] basically the same bunch of goons and thugs they've been for the last 50 years". Further, amid China's Foreign Ministry demand for an apology, 14 lawyers filed a similar suit in Beijing.

In June 2009, musician M.I.A. stated she did an hour-long interview with CNN condemning the mass bombing and Tamil civilian fatalities at the hands of Government forces in Sri Lanka in 16 weeks the same year, "and they cut it down to one minute and made it about my single Paper Planes. When I went to the Grammys, I saw the same reporter from CNN, and I was like, "Why did you do that?" And she said, "Because you used the G-word."" "Genocide. I guess you’re not allowed to say that on CNN," raising questions concerning CNN's coverage and commitment to free speech.

On November 11, 2009, longtime CNN anchor Lou Dobbs resigned on air after discussions with CNN President Jonathan Klein, who had agreed to a release from his contract "that will enable me to pursue new opportunities." He had previously expressed to Klein that he wished to go "the opinion route". Dobbs' advocacy journalism-style coverage of immigration, Obama birthers and free trade topics has attracted controversy both to him and to CNN.

On July 7, 2010, Octavia Nasr, senior Middle East editor and a CNN journalist for 20 years, was fired after she expressed on her Twitter account admiration for a liberal-minded Muslim cleric who had recently died, casting doubts on the company's commitment to freedom of speech.

On October 1, 2010, CNN anchor Rick Sanchez was fired after remarks he made during an interview with comedian Pete Dominick at a radio show the previous day about prejudices he faced during his television career, at CNN and jokes about him by comedian Jon Stewart. Calling him a "bigot" before retracting this and describing him instead as "prejudiced" and "uninformed", the interviewer invoked Stewart's faith as an example of how Stewart was "a minority as much as you are". Sanchez stated his view that Jewish people were not an oppressed minority in America, and his view that "everybody that runs CNN is a lot like Stewart" before stating "And a lot of people who run all the other networks are a lot like Stewart."

In October 2011, Amber Lyon told a European news service that she had been directed by CNN to report selectively, repetitively, and falsely in order to sway public opinion in favor of direct American aggression against Iran and Syria, and that this was common practice under CNN. She subsequently reconfirmed this in detail, addressing the degraded state of journalistic ethics in an interview with American radio host Alex Jones, during which she also discussed the Bahraini episode, suggesting paid-for content was also taken from Georgia, Kazakhstan, and other states, that the War on Terrorism had also been employed as a pretext to pre-empt substantive investigative journalism within the U.S., and that following the Bahrain reporting, her investigative department had been terminated and "reorganized", and her severance and employee benefits used as a threat to intimidate and attempt to purchase her subsequent silence.

Lyon had met with Tony Maddox, president of CNN International, twice about this issue in 2011 and had claimed that during the second meeting she was threatened and intimated to stop speaking on the matter. Lyon spoke heavily on RT (TV Network) about this claiming that CNN reporters, headed by Maddox, have been instructed to over-cover Iran as a form of propaganda, and that CNN International has been paid by the Bahraini government to produce and air news segments intentionally painting them in a positive light.

See also

• Broadcasting
• Corporate media
• Mass media
• News media
• News media (United States)
• Objectivity (journalism)
• Television studio

External links

• Official website
• CNN International
• CNN at cnn.com (archived )