List of Latin-script letters: Difference between revisions

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|SS [[ß]]||Sharp S||[[German alphabet#Extra letters|German]] eszett
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Revision as of 08:14, 1 June 2012

This is a list of Latin letters.

Basic alphabet

Original Latin alphabet of the Roman Kingdom
A B C D E F H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X
Latin alphabet of the Roman Empire
A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z
ISO basic Latin alphabet[1]
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

Extensions

Letter Name Notes
Small capital A Nonstandard phonetic symbol
Ɐ ɐ Turned A Near-open central vowel
Ɑ ɑ Alpha (Script A) Open back unrounded vowel. cf. Greek: Α α
Ɒ ɒ Turned alpha (Turned script A) Open back rounded vowel
ʙ Small capital B Bilabial trill; partially devoiced bilabial stop in UPA
Small capital barred B  
Small capital C  
Ↄ ↄ Reversed C Claudian letters
Ð ð Eth Voiced dental fricative; Icelandic and Faroese
Ꝺ ꝺ Insular D  
Small capital D Partially devoiced alveolar stop in UPA
Small capital Eth  
Dum  
Delta cf. Greek: Δ δ
Small capital E  
Ǝ ǝ Turned E Pan-Nigerian alphabet
Small capital turned E UPA
Ə ə Schwa Mid-central vowel; Azerbaijani letter. cf. Cyrillic: Ә ә
Ɛ ɛ Open E (Epsilon) Open-mid front unrounded vowel. cf. Greek: Ε ε
ɘ Reversed E Close-mid central unrounded vowel
ɜ Reversed open E (Reversed Epsilon) Open-mid central unrounded vowel
ɞ Closed reversed open E (Closed reversed Epsilon) Open-mid central rounded vowel
ʚ Closed open E (Closed Epsilon) A misprinted symbol for open-mid central rounded vowel
ɤ Rams horn (Baby Gamma) Close-mid back unrounded vowel
Ꝼ ꝼ Insular F  
Small capital F Medievalist addition
Ⅎ ⅎ Turned F Claudian letters
Epigraphic letter reversed F  
Ᵹ ᵹ Insular G  
ɡ Script G Voiced velar plosive
ɢ Small capital G Voiced uvular plosive; partially devoiced velar stop in UPA
Turned G Georgian
Ꝿ ꝿ Turned insular G  
Ɣ ɣ Gamma Voiced velar fricative. cf. Greek: Γγ
Ƣ ƣ Gha Jaꞑalif letter for Tatar, Azerbaijani letter
ʜ Small capital H Voiceless epiglottal fricative
Ƕ ƕ Hwair Gothic
Ⱶ ⱶ Half H Claudian letters
Ꜧ ꜧ Heng  
ı Dotless I Turkish, Azerbaijani
ɪ Small capital I Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
Epigraphic letter I Longa  
Turned i  
Small capital I with stroke English near-close central unrounded vowel, or schwa (Oxford University Press dictionary convention)
Ɩ ɩ Iota cf. Greek: Ɩ ɩ
ȷ Dotless J  
Small capital J  
Small capital K  
ʞ Turned K Proposed symbol for velar click. Withdrawn 1970 as articulation judged impossible
ʟ Small capital L Velar lateral approximant; voiced alveolar lateral in UPA
Ꝇ ꝇ Broken L Medieval Nordic consonant /ǫː/ [2]
Small capital L with stroke  
Lum  
ɮ Lezh Voiced alveolar lateral fricative
Ꞁ ꞁ Turned L  
ʎ Turned Y Palatal lateral approximant
Small capital M Voiceless bilabial nasal in UPA
Epigraphic letter inverted M  
Epigraphic letter archaic M  
Mum  
ɴ Small capital N Uvular nasal; voiceless alveolar nasal in UPA
Small capital reversed N Voiceless velar nasal in UPA
Num  
Ŋ ŋ Eng Northern and Skolt Sámi, Velar nasal
Small capital O  
Sideways O  
ɶ Small capital OE Open front rounded vowel
Ɔ ɔ Open O Open-mid back rounded vowel
Small capital open O
Sideways open O  
Top half O  
Bottom half O  
Ɵ ɵ Barred O Close-mid central rounded vowel. cf. Cyrillic: Ө ө
ɷ Closed omega Rejected symbol for near-close near-back rounded vowel
Ȣ ȣ Ou A ligature of Latin o and u
Small capital Ou A back vowel of uncertain quality in UPA
Small capital P  
Epigraphic letter reversed P  
ɸ Phi Voiceless bilabial fricative. cf. Greek: Φ φ
Tailless phi UPA
ĸ Kra Nunatsiavummiut dialect of Inuktitut in Canada, formerly Kalaallisut language of Greenland
Ꞃ ꞃ Insular R  
Ʀ ʀ Yr Uvular trill
Ꝛ ꝛ R rotunda  
Small capital reversed R Nonstandard symbol for epiglottal trill
ɹ Turned R Alveolar approximant
Small capital turned R Obsolete symbol for voiceless uvular fricative
ʁ Small capital inverted R Voiced uvular fricative
Rum  
Small capital rum Medievalist addition
Ꝝ ꝝ Rum rotunda  
ſ Long S  
Ꞅ ꞅ Insular S  
Ƨ ƨ Reversed S (=Tone two)
Small capital S Medievalist addition
Ʃ ʃ Esh Voiceless postalveolar fricative. cf. Greek: Σ σ,ς
ƪ Reversed Esh loop labialized voiceless postalveolar fricative; IPA: [ʃʷ]
ʅ Squat reversed Esh apical retroflex unrounded vowel; IPA: [ʐ̩]
Ꞇ ꞇ Insular T  
Small capital T  
Tum  
ʇ Turned T Former IPA representation for tenuis dental click
Small capital U Near-close near-back vowel
Sideways U  
Sideways diaeresized U  
Ɥ ɥ Turned H Labial-palatal approximant; Dan / Gio orthography in Liberia
Ɯ ɯ Turned M Close back unrounded vowel
Small capital turned M  
Sideways turned M  
Ʊ ʊ Upsilon cf. Greek: Υ υ
Small capital V  
Ỽ ỽ Middle-Welsh V  
Ʌ ʌ Turned V Open-mid back unrounded vowel
Small capital W  
ʍ Turned W Voiceless labio-velar approximant
ʏ Small capital Y Near-close near-front rounded vowel
ƍ Turned delta Labialized voiced alveolo-dental fricative; IPA: [ðʷ, zʷ]
Small capital Z Partially devoiced alveolar fricative in UPA
Ꝣ ꝣ Visigothic Z Medieval Ibero-Romance
Ʒ ʒ Ezh Voiced postalveolar fricative
Small capital Ezh  
Ƹ ƹ Ezh reversed  
Ȝ ȝ Yogh  
Þ þ Thorn  
Ƿ ƿ Wynn  
Ꝩ ꝩ Vend Medieval Nordic phoneme /v/ or /u/
Ꝫ ꝫ Et  
Ꝭ ꝭ Is  
Ꝯ ꝯ Con  
Um  
Ꜫ ꜫ Tresillo Mayan glottalized uvular stop /qˀ/
Ꜭ ꜭ Cuatrillo Mayan glottalized velar stop /kˀ/
Ƨ ƨ Tone two (=Reversed S) A letter used in the Zhuang language from 1957 to 1986 to indicate its second tone
Ƽ ƽ Tone five A letter used in the Zhuang language from 1957 to 1986 to indicate its fifth tone
Ƅ ƅ Tone six A letter used in the Zhuang language from 1957 to 1986 to indicate its sixth tone
ʔ Glottal stop IPA for glottal stop
Ɂ ɂ Glottal stop letter for glottal stop in Canadian aboriginal orthographies
Ꜣ ꜣ Egyptological Alef  
Ꞌ ꞌ Saltillo Glottal stop in some orthographies in Mexico and Nigeria
ʕ Pharyngeal voiced fricative (Reversed glottal stop) Voiced pharyngeal fricative
Voiced laryngeal spirant  
Ain  
Ꜥ ꜥ Egyptological Ain  
ʖ Inverted glottal stop  
ǀ Dental clicks  
ǁ Lateral clicks  
ǂ Alveolar clicks  
ǃ Retroflex clicks  
ʗ Stretched C  
ʘ Bilabial clicks (Bullseye)  
ʬ Bilabial percussive  
ʭ Bidental percussive  

Letters with diacritics

Letters with diacritics.

Letter Name Notes
Á á A with acute  
À à A with grave  
Ă ă A with breve Romanian; Vietnamese; Kashubian. cf. Cyrillic: Ӑ ӑ
Ắ ắ A with breve and acute Vietnamese
Ằ ằ A with breve and grave Vietnamese
Ẵ ẵ A with breve and tilde Vietnamese
Ẳ ẳ A with breve and hook above Vietnamese
A̧ a̧ A with cedilla General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages: Dii, Mundani, Pana
Á̧ á̧ A with acute and cedilla Dii, Pana
À̧ à̧ A with grave and cedilla Dii, Mundani
Â̧ â̧ A with circumflex and cedilla Pana
Ǎ̧ ǎ̧ A with caron and cedilla Mundani
 â A with circumflex Romanian
Ấ ấ A with circumflex and acute Vietnamese
Ầ ầ A with circumflex and grave Vietnamese
Ẫ ẫ A with circumflex and tilde Vietnamese
Ẩ ẩ A with circumflex and hook above Vietnamese
A̭ a̭ A with circumflex below Juǀʼhoansi
Ǎ ǎ A with caron  
A̐ a̐ A with chandrabindu ALA-LC
A̓ a̓ A with comma above Heiltsuk
A̋ a̋ A with double acute ISO 9, Taiwanese Romanization System
Å å A with ring above  
Ǻ ǻ A with ring above and acute  
Å̂ å̂ A with ring above and circumflex
Ä ä A with diaeresis cf. Cyrillic: Ӓ ӓ
Ä́ ä́ A with diaeresis and acute Tutchone
Ä̀ ä̀ A with diaeresis and grave Tutchone, Hän
Ä̂ ä̂ A with diaeresis and circumflex Hän
Ä̌ ä̌ A with diaeresis and caron Hän
Ǟ ǟ A with diaeresis and macron Livonian
à ã A with tilde  
Ã́ ã́ A with tilde and acute Bribri, Tee, Tucano, Yurutí
Ã̀ ã̀ A with tilde and grave Bribri, Gokana, Tee
A̰ a̰ A with tilde below Ngambay, Zarma
Ȧ ȧ A with dot above  
Ȧ́ ȧ́ A with dot above and acute
Ǡ ǡ A with dot above and macron  
Ą ą A with ogonek Polish, Kashubian, Lithuanian
Ą́ ą́ A with acute and ogonek
Ą̀ ą̀ A with grave and ogonek
Ą̂ ą̂ A with circumflex and ogonek
Ą̌ ą̌ A with acute and ogonek
Ą̄ ą̄ A with macron and ogonek
Ą̄́ ą̄́ A with macron, acute and ogonek
Ą̄̀ ą̄̀ A with macron, grave and ogonek
Ą̄̂ ą̄̂ A with macron, circumflex and ogonek
Ą̄̌ ą̄̌ A with macron, caron and ogonek
Ā̊ ā̊ A with macron and ring above Avestan transliteration
Ą̊ ą̊ A with ring above and ogonek Elfdalian
Ą̃ ą̃ A with tilde and ogonek
Ą̈ ą̈ A with diaeresis and ogonek Hän, Southern Tuchone
Ą̈̀ ą̈̀ A with diaeresis, grave and ogonek
Ą̈̂ ą̈̂ A with diaeresis, circumflex and ogonek
Ą̈̌ ą̈̌ A with diaeresis, caron and ogonek
A᷎ a᷎ A with ogonek above
Ā ā A with macron  
Ā́ ā́ A with macron and acute Kaska
Ā̀ ā̀ A with macron and grave Kaska
Ā̂ ā̂ A with macron and circumflex Kaska
Ā̌ ā̌ A with macron and caron Kaska
Ā̆ ā̆ A with macron and breve
A̱ a̱ A with macron below Nuer
Á̱ á̱ A with macron below and acute
À̱ à̱ A with macron below and grave
Â̱ â̱ A with macron below and circumflex
Ä̱ ä̱ A with macron below and diaeresis
Ā̱ ā̱ A with macron below and macron
Å̱ å̱ A with macron below and ring above
Ả ả A with hook above Vietnamese
Ȁ ȁ A with double grave  
Ȃ ȃ A with inverted breve  
Ạ ạ A with dot below Vietnamese
Ạ́ ạ́ A with acute and dot below
Ạ̀ ạ̀ A with grave and dot below
Ặ ặ A with breve and dot below Vietnamese
Ậ ậ A with circumflex and dot below Vietnamese
Ạ̄ ạ̄ A with macron and dot below
Ạ̈ ạ̈ A with diaeresis and dot below
Ạ̃ ạ̃ A with tilde and dot below
Ḁ ḁ A with ring below  
Ⱥ ⱥ A with stroke Saanich
A̍ a̍ A with vertical line Pe̍h-ōe-jī, Taiwanese Romanization System
A with retroflex hook  
Ɑ́ ɑ́ Alpha with acute Tigon
Ɑ̀ ɑ̀ Alpha with grave Medumba
Ɑ̂ ɑ̂ Alpha with circumflex Medumba, Tigon
Ɑ̌ ɑ̌ Alpha with caron Medumba
Alpha with retroflex hook  
B́ b́ B with acute Previously used in Sorbian
B̓ b̓ B with comma above Ditidaht, Thompson
Ḃ ḃ B with dot above Previously used in Irish
Ḅ ḅ B with dot below Ikwerre, Kalabari
Ḇ ḇ B with line below  
Ƀ ƀ B with stroke Jarai
B̃ b̃ B with tilde Yanesha'
B with middle tilde  
B with palatal hook  
Ɓ ɓ B with hook Voiced bilabial implosive, Balanta, Fula, Hausa, Kpelle, Maore, Bushi
Ƃ ƃ B with topbar  
B̤ b̤ B with diaeresis below
Ć ć C with acute Polish, Croatian, Bosnian
C̀ c̀ C with grave ISO 9
Ĉ ĉ C with circumflex Esperanto
C̆ c̆ ISO 9
Č č C with caron Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Slovenian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian, Bosnian
Č̓ č̓ C with caron and comma above Comox
C̓ c̓ C with comma above Ditidaht, Haisla, Heiltsuk, Thompson
C̈ c̈ C with diaeresis ISO 9
Ċ ċ C with dot above ISO 9, Maltese, previously in Irish and Chechen
C̣ c̣ C with dot below
Ç ç C with cedilla Voiceless palatal fricative
Ḉ ḉ C with cedilla and acute  
Ç̆ ç̆ C with cedilla and breve
Ç̌ ç̌ C with cedilla and caron
Ç̇ ç̇ C with cedilla and dot above
C̄ c̄ C with macron ALA-LC, ISO9
C̃ c̃ C with tilde Yanesha'
Ȼ ȼ C with stroke Kutenai, Saanich
Ꞓ ꞓ C with bar Previously in Nanai
Ƈ ƈ C with hook  
ɕ C with curl Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
Ꜿ ꜿ Reversed C with dot  
D́ d́ D with acute
Ď ď D with caron Czech
Ḑ ḑ D with cedilla  
D̂ d̂ D with circumflex
Ḓ ḓ D with circumflex below
D̦ d̦ D with comma below
Ḋ ḋ D with dot above  
Ḍ ḍ D with dot below  
Ḓ ḓ D with circumflex below  
Ḏ ḏ D with line below  
D̤ d̤ D with diaeresis below  
Đ đ D with stroke Croatian; Vietnamese; Sami; Bosnian
D with middle tilde  
D with palatal hook  
Ɖ ɖ African D, D with tail Voiced retroflex plosive; Ewe
Ɗ ɗ D with hook Voiced alveolar implosive
D with hook and tail  
Ƌ ƌ D with topbar  
ȡ D with curl  
É é E with acute  
È è E with grave cf. Cyrillic: Ѐ ѐ
Ĕ ĕ E with breve cf. Cyrillic: Ӗ ӗ
Ě ě E with caron Czech
Ê ê E with circumflex Vietnamese; Kurdish Kurmanji
Ế ế E with circumflex and acute Vietnamese
Ề ề E with circumflex and grave Vietnamese
Ễ ễ E with circumflex and tilde Vietnamese
Ể ể E with circumflex and hook above Vietnamese
Ë ë E with diaeresis cf. Cyrillic: Ё ё
Ë́ ë́ E with diaeresis and acute
Ë̀ ë̀ E with diaeresis and grave
Ë̂ ë̂ E with diaeresis and circumflex
Ë̌ ë̌ E with diaeresis and caron
E̋ e̋ E with double acute
Ȅ ȅ E with double grave
Ẽ ẽ E with tilde Vietnamese
Ẽ́ ẽ́ E with tilde and acute
Ẽ̀ ẽ̀ E with tilde and grave
Ẽ̂ ẽ̂ E with tilde and circumflex
Ẽ̌ ẽ̌ E with tilde and caron
Ẽ̍ ẽ̍ E with tilde and vertical line
Ė ė E with dot above Lithuanian
Ė́ ė́ E with dot above and acute
Ė̃ ė̃ E with dot and macron
Ȩ ȩ E with cedilla  
Ȩ́ ȩ́ E with acute and cedilla
Ḝ ḝ E with breve and cedilla  
Ȩ̀ ȩ̀ E with grave and cedilla
Ȩ̌ ȩ̌ E with caron and cedilla
Ȩ̂ ȩ̂ E with circumflex and cedilla
Ę ę E with ogonek Polish, Kashubian, Lithuanian
Ę́ ę́ E with acute and ogonek
Ę̀ ę̀ E with grave and ogonek
Ę̂ ę̂ E with circumflex and ogonek
Ę̌ ę̌ E with caron and ogonek
Ę̄ ę̄ E with macron and ogonek
Ę̄́ ę̄́ E with macron, acute and ogonek
Ę̄̀ ę̄̀ E with macron, grave and ogonek
Ę̄̂ ę̄̂ E with macron, circumflex and ogonek
Ę̄̌ ę̄̌ E with macron, caron and ogonek
Ę̃ ę̃ E with tilde and ogonek
Ę̈ ę̈ E with diaeresis and ogonek
Ę̈̀ ę̈̀ E with diaeresis, grave and ogonek
Ę̈̂ ę̈̂ E with diaeresis, circumflex and ogonek
Ę̈̌ ę̈̌ E with diaeresis, caron and ogonek
Ę̇́ ę̇́ E with dot above, acute and ogonek
Ę̋ ę̋ E with double acute and ogonek
Ę̇ ę̇ E with dot above and ogonek
Ę̣ ę̣ E with ogonek and dot below
Ę᷎ ę᷎ E with ogonek above and ogonek
E᷎ e᷎ E with ogonek above
Ē ē E with macron  
Ḗ ḗ E with macron and acute  
Ē̆ ē̆ E with macron and breve
Ḕ ḕ E with macron and grave  
Ē̂ ē̂ E with macron and circumflex
Ē̌ ē̌ E with macron and caron
Ẻ ẻ E with hook above Vietnamese
Ȅ ȅ E with double grave  
Ȇ ȇ E with inverted breve  
E̍ e̍ E with vertical line Taiwanese Romanization System
Ȩ ȩ E with cedilla
Ḝ ḝ E with breve and cedilla
Ẹ ẹ E with dot below Vietnamese
Ệ ệ E with circumflex and dot below Vietnamese
Ẹ́ ẹ́ E with acute and dot below
Ẹ̀ ẹ̀ E with grave and dot below
Ẹ̄ ẹ̄ E with macron and dot below
Ḙ ḙ E with circumflex below  
E̱ e̱ E with macron below
É̱ é̱ E with acute and macron below
È̱ è̱ E with grave and macron below
Ê̱ ê̱ E with circumflex and macron below
Ē̱ ē̱ E with macron and macron below
Ë̱ ë̱ E with diaeresis and macron below
Ḛ ḛ E with tilde below  
E̊ e̊ E with ring
Ɇ ɇ E with stroke  
E with retroflex hook  
E with notch UPA
Schwa with retroflex hook  
Open E with retroflex hook  
ɚ Schwa with hook  
Reversed open E with retroflex hook  
ɝ Reversed open E with hook (Reversed Epsilon hook)  
F́ f́ F with acute
F̀ f̀ F with grave
Ḟ ḟ F with dot above  
F̄ f̄ F with macron
F̧ f̧ F with cedilla
F with middle tilde  
F with palatal hook  
Ƒ ƒ F with hook (Script F)  
F̣ f̣ F with dot below
Ꝼ́ ꝼ́ Insular F with acute
Ꝼ̇ ꝼ̇ Insular F with dot above
Ꝼ̣ ꝼ̣ Insular F with dot below
Ǵ ǵ G with acute  
G̀ g̀ G with grave ISO 9
Ğ ğ G with breve  
Ĝ ĝ G with circumflex Esperanto
Ǧ ǧ G with caron  
Ġ ġ G with dot above  
G̣ g̣ G with dot below Eyak
Ģ ģ G with cedilla Latvian
Ḡ ḡ G with macron  
G̈ g̈ ALA-LC romanization of Sindhi
G̤ g̤
G̃ g̃ G with tilde Pre-1936 Tagalog letter; ng
Ꞡ ꞡ G with oblique stroke Pre-1921 Latvian letter
Ǥ ǥ G with stroke  
G with palatal hook  
Ɠ ɠ G with hook Voiced velar implosive
ʛ Small capital G with hook Voiced uvular implosive
Ɣ̓ ɣ̓ Gamma with comma above Thompson
H́ h́ H with acute Võro
Ĥ ĥ H with circumflex Esperanto
Ȟ ȟ H with caron  
Ḧ ḧ H with diaeresis  
H̤ h̤ H with diaeresis below  
H̄ h̄ H with macron ISO 11940
Ḣ ḣ H with dot above
H̐ h̐ H with chandrabindu
H̓ h̓ H with comma above Heiltsuk
Ḣ ḣ H with dot above  
Ḩ ḩ H with cedilla  
Ḥ ḥ H with dot below  
Ḫ ḫ H with breve below  
H̱ ẖ H with line below  
Ħ ħ H with stroke Voiceless pharyngeal fricative; Maltese
Ɦ ɦ H with hook Voiced glottal fricative; Dagaare, Massa
Ⱨ ⱨ H with descender Uyghur. c.f. Cyrillic: Ҙ ҙ
Ꜧ ꜧ Heng Juhuri
ɧ Heng with hook Voiceless palatal-velar fricative
Í í I with acute  
Ì ì I with grave  
Ĭ ĭ I with breve  
Î î I with circumflex Romanian
Î́ î́ I with circumflex and acute
Ǐ ǐ I with caron  
Ï ï I with diaeresis  
Ḯ ḯ I with diaeresis and acute  
Ĩ ĩ I with tilde  
Ĩ́ ĩ́ I with tilde and acute  
Ĩ̀ ĩ̀ I with tilde and grave  
Ĩ̂ ĩ̂ I with tilde and circumflex  
Ĩ̌ ĩ̌ I with tilde and caron  
Ĩ̍ ĩ̍ I with tilde and vertical line  
İ i I (uppercase) with dot above Turkish
I ı I (lowercase, i.e. ı) without dot above Turkish
Į į I with ogonek Lithuanian
Į́ į́ į̇́ I with ogonek and acute
Į̀ į̀ I with ogonek and grave
Į̂ į̂ I with ogonek and circumflex
Į̌ į̌ I with ogonek and caron
Į̃ į̃ į̇̃ I with ogonek and tilde
Ī ī I with macron  
Ī́ ī́ I with macron and acute  
Ī̀ ī̀ I with macron and grave  
Ī̂ ī̂ I with macron and circumflex  
Ī̌ ī̌ I with macron and caron  
Ỉ ỉ I with hook above Vietnamese
Ȉ ȉ I with double grave  
Ȋ ȋ I with inverted breve  
I̋ i̋ I with double acute
Ȉ ȉ I with double grave
I̍ i̍ I with vertical line
I̐ i̐ I with chandrabindu ALA-LC Romanization
I̓ i̓ I with comma above Heiltsuk
I̧ i̧ I with cedilla
Í̧ í̧ I with cedilla and acute
Ì̧ ì̧ I with cedilla and grave
Î̧ î̧ I with cedilla and circumflex
I̱ i̱ I with line below
Í̱ í̱ I with line below and acute
Ì̱ ì̱ I with line below and grave
Î̱ î̱ I with line below and circumflex
Ī̱ ī̱ I with line below and macron
Ị ị I with dot below Vietnamese
Ị́ ị́ I with dot below and acute
Ị̂ ị̂ I with dot below and circumflex
Ị̃ ị̃ I with dot below and tilde
Ḭ ḭ I with tilde below  
Ɨ ɨ I with stroke Close central unrounded vowel; General Alphabet of Cameroon languages
Ɨ́ ɨ́ I with stroke and acute
Ɨ̀ ɨ̀ I with stroke and grave
Ɨ̂ ɨ̂ I with stroke and circumflex
Ɨ̌ ɨ̌ I with stroke and caron
Ɨ̃ ɨ̃ I with stroke and tilde
Ɨ̄ ɨ̄ I with stroke and macron
Ɨ̧ ɨ̧ I with stroke and cedilla
Ɨ̧̀ ɨ̧̀ I with stroke, cedilla and grave
Ɨ̧̂ ɨ̧̂ I with stroke, cedilla, and circumflex
Ɨ̧̌ ɨ̧̌ I with stroke, cedilla and caron
I with retroflex hook  
Ɩ́ ɩ́ Iota with acute
Ɩ̀ ɩ̀ Iota with grave
Ɩ̃ ɩ̃ Iota with tilde
Iota with stroke  
J́ j́ J with acute
Ĵ ĵ J with circumflex Esperanto
J̌ ǰ J with caron  
J̄ j̄ J with macron
J̃ j̃ j̇̃ J with tilde
J̣ j̣ J with dot below
Ɉ ɉ J with stroke  
ʝ J with crossed-tail Voiced palatal fricative
ȷ Dotless J
ɟ Dotless J with stroke Voiced palatal plosive
ʄ Dotless J with stroke and hook Voiced palatal implosive
Ḱ ḱ K with acute  
K̀ k̀ K with grave
Ǩ ǩ K with caron  
K̄ k̄ K with macron
K̇ k̇ K with dot above
Ķ ķ K with cedilla  
Ḳ ḳ K with dot below  
Ḵ ḵ K with line below  
K with palatal hook  
Ƙ ƙ K with hook  
Ⱪ ⱪ K with descender Uyghur. c.f. Cyrillic: Қ қ
Ꝁ ꝁ K with stroke  
Ꝃ ꝃ K with diagonal stroke  
Ꝅ ꝅ K with stroke and diagonal stroke  
Ꞣ ꞣ K with oblique stroke Pre-1921 Latvian letter
Ĺ ĺ L with acute  
L̂ l̂ L with circumflex
L̐ l̐ L with chandrabindu Transliteration
L̃ l̃ L with tilde
L̓ l̓ L with comma above Heiltsuk, Thompson
Ľ ľ L with caron  
Ļ ļ L with cedilla Marshallese
L̦ l̦ L with comma below Nenets in the 1930s
Ḷ ḷ L with dot below  
Ḹ ḹ L with dot below and macron  
Ḷ́ ḷ́ L with acute and dot below
Ḷ̓ ḷ̓ L with comma above and dot below
Ḽ ḽ L with circumflex below  
Ḻ ḻ L with line below  
Ł ł L with stroke Polish, Kashubian, Sorbian, Navaho
Ꝉ ꝉ L with high stroke  
Ƚ ƚ L with bar  
Ⱡ ⱡ L with double bar  
Ɫ ɫ L with middle tilde Velarized alveolar lateral approximant
ɬ L with belt Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
L with palatal hook  
ɭ L with retroflex hook Retroflex lateral approximant
L with retroflex hook and belt Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative in Toda
ȴ L with curl  
ƛ Lambda with stroke  
ƛ̓ Lambda with stroke and comma above
Ḿ ḿ M with acute  
M̀ m̀ M with grave
Ṁ ṁ M with dot above  
Ṃ ṃ M with dot below  
M̍ m̍ M with vertical line
M̄ m̄ M with macron
M̐ m̐ M with chandrabindu
M̃ m̃ M with tilde
M̈ m̈ M with diaeresis
M̓ m̓ M with comma above
M with middle tilde  
M̧ m̧ M with cedilla
M̨ m̨ M with ogonek
Ṃ ṃ M with dot below
Ṃ́ ṃ́ M with acute and dot below
Ṃ̓ ṃ̓ M with comma above and dot below
M̦ m̦ M with comma below
M with palatal hook  
Ɱ ɱ M with hook Labiodental nasal
Ń ń N with acute Polish, Kashubian
Ǹ ǹ N with grave  
N̂ n̂ N with circumflex
Ň ň N with caron Czech, Slovak
Ñ ñ N with tilde  
Ñ̈ ñ̈ N with tidle and diaeresis
Ṅ ṅ N with dot above  
N̍ n̍ N with vertical line
N̄ n̄ N with macron
N̐ n̐ N with chandrabindu
N̈ n̈ N with diaresis
Ꞥ ꞥ N with oblique stroke Pre-1921 Latvian letter
N with middle tilde  
Ņ ņ N with cedilla  
Ṋ ṋ N with circumflex below  
N̦ n̦ N with comma below
Ṇ ṇ N with dot below  
Ṇ́ ṇ́ N with acute and dot below
Ṇ̓ ṇ̓ N with comma above and dot below
Ṉ ṉ N with line below  
N̰ n̰ N with tilde below
N̲ n̲ N with underline
Ɲ ɲ N with left hook Palatal nasal
Ƞ ƞ N with long right leg  
Ꞑ ꞑ N with descender Jaꞑalif letter for Tatar
N with palatal hook  
ɳ N with retroflex hook Retroflex nasal
ȵ N with curl  
Ó ó O with acute  
Ò ò O with grave  
Ŏ ŏ O with breve  
Ô ô O with circumflex Slovak; Vietnamese; Kashubian
Ố ố O with circumflex and acute Vietnamese
Ồ ồ O with circumflex and grave Vietnamese
Ỗ ỗ O with circumflex and tilde Vietnamese
Ổ ổ O with circumflex and hook above Vietnamese
Ǒ ǒ O with caron  
O̐ o̐ O with chandrabindu
Ö ö O with diaeresis cf. Cyrillic: Ӧ ӧ
Ö́ ö́ O with diaeresis and acute
Ö̀ ö̀ O with diaeresis and grave
Ȫ ȫ O with diaeresis and macron  
Ő ő O with double acute  
Õ õ O with tilde  
Ṍ ṍ O with tilde and acute  
Ṏ ṏ O with tilde and diaeresis  
Ȭ ȭ O with tilde and macron  
Ȯ ȯ O with dot above  
Ȱ ȱ O with dot above and macron  
O͘ o͘ O with dot above right
Ó͘ ó͘ O with dot above right and acute
Ò͘ ò͘ O with dot above right and grave
Ō͘ ō͘ O with dot above right and macron
O̍͘ o̍͘ O with dot above and vertical line
Ø ø O with stroke Close-mid front rounded vowel
Ǿ ǿ O with stroke and acute  
Ø̀ ø̀ O with stroke and grave
Ø̂ ø̂ O with stroke and circumflex
Ø̌ ø̌ O with stroke and caron
Ø̄ ø̄ O with stroken and macron
Ɵ ɵ O with bar
Ꝋ ꝋ O with long stroke overlay
Ǫ ǫ O with ogonek  
Ǭ ǭ O with macron and ogonek  
Ǭ̀ ǭ̀ O with macron, grave and ogonek
Ǫ́ ǫ́ O with acute and ogonek
Ǫ̀ ǫ̀ O with grave and ogonek
Ǫ̂ ǫ̂ O with circumflex and ogonek
Ǫ̌ ǫ̌ O with caron and ogonek
Ō ō O with macron  
Ṓ ṓ O with macron and acute  
Ṑ ṑ O with macron and grave  
Ō̂ ō̂ O with macron and circumflex
Ō̌ ō̌ O with macron and caron
Ỏ ỏ O with hook above Vietnamese
Ő ő O with double acute
Ȍ ȍ O with double grave  
Ȏ ȏ O with inverted breve  
Ơ ơ O with horn Vietnamese
Ớ ớ O with horn and acute Vietnamese
Ờ ờ O with horn and grave Vietnamese
Ỡ ỡ O with horn and tilde Vietnamese
Ở ở O with horn and hook above Vietnamese
O̍ o̍ O with vertical line
Ọ ọ O with dot below Vietnamese, Yoruba
Ọ́ ọ́ O with acute and dot below
Ọ̀ ọ̀ O with grave and dot below
Ộ ộ O with circumflex and dot below
Ọ̄ ọ̄ O with macron and dot below
Ợ ợ O with horn and dot below Vietnamese
Ộ ộ O with circumflex and dot below Vietnamese
O̭ o̭ O with circumflex below
O̧ o̧ O with cedilla
Ó̧ ó̧ O with acute and cedilla
Ò̧ ò̧ O with grave and cedilla
Ô̧ ô̧ O with circumflex and cedilla
Ǒ̧ ǒ̧ O with caron and cedilla
O̱ o̱ O with line below
Ó̱ ó̱ O with acute and line below
Ò̱ ò̱ O with grave and line below
Ô̱ ô̱ O with circumflex and line below
Ō̱ ō̱ O with macron and line below
Ö̱ ö̱ O with diaeresis and line below
O̲ o̲ O with underline
Sideways O with stroke  
Open O with retroflex hook  
Ꝍ ꝍ O with loop Medieval Nordic vowel /ǫ/, /øː/, and /ey/ [2]
O with low ring inside UPA
Ꝋ ꝋ O with long stroke overlay  
Ɔ́ ɔ́ Open O with acute
Ɔ̀ ɔ̀ Open O with grave
Ɔ̂ ɔ̂ Open O with circumflex
Ɔ̌ ɔ̌ Open O with caron
Ɔ̄ ɔ̄ Open O with macron
Ɔ̃ ɔ̃ Open O with tilde
Ɔ̃́ ɔ̃́ Open O with tilde and acute
Ɔ̃̀ ɔ̃̀ Open O with tilde and grave
Ɔ̃̂ ɔ̃̂ Open O with tilde and circumflex
Ɔ̃̌ ɔ̃̌ Open O with tilde and caron
Ɔ̃̍ ɔ̃̍ Open O with tilde and verticale line
Ɔ̈ ɔ̈ Open O with diaeresis
Ɔ̍ ɔ̍ Open O with vertical line
Ɔ̧ ɔ̧ Open O with cedilla
Ɔ̧́ ɔ̧́ Open O with acute and cedilla
Ɔ̧̀ ɔ̧̀ Open O with grave and cedilla
Ɔ̧̂ ɔ̧̂ Open O with circumflex and cedilla
Ɔ̧̌ ɔ̧̌ Open O with caron and cedilla
Ɔ̱ ɔ̱ Open O with tilde below
Ṕ ṕ P with acute  
P̀ p̀ P with grave  
Ṗ ṗ P with dot above  
P̣ p̣ P with dot above below  
P̄ p̄ P with macron
P̓ p̓ P with comma above
P̈ p̈ P with diaeresis
P̤ p̤ P with diaeresis below
P̄ p̄ P with tilde
Ᵽ ᵽ P with stroke  
Ꝑ ꝑ P with stroke through descender  
P with middle tilde  
P with palatal hook  
Ƥ ƥ P with hook  
Ꝓ ꝓ P with flourish  
Ꝕ ꝕ P with squirrel tail  
Q̓ q̓ Q with comma above  
Q̇ q̇ Q with dot above  
Ꝗ ꝗ Q with stroke through descender  
Ꝙ ꝙ Q with diagonal stroke  
ʠ Q with hook  
Ɋ ɋ Q with hook tail  
Ŕ ŕ R with acute Slovak
Ř ř R with caron Czech
R̂ r̂ R with circumflex
R̓ r̓ R with comma above
R̦ r̦ R with comma below
Ṙ ṙ R with dot above  
Ŗ ŗ R with cedilla  
R̄ r̄ R with macron  
Ꞧ ꞧ R with oblique stroke Pre-1921 Latvian letter
Ȑ ȑ R with double grave  
Ȓ ȓ R with inverted breve  
Ṛ ṛ R with dot below  
Ṝ ṝ R with dot below and macron  
R̰ r̰ R with diaeresis below  
Ṟ ṟ R with line below  
R̥ r̥ R with ring below  
R̥̄ r̥̄ R with ring below and macron  
R̃ r̃ R with tilde  
Ɍ ɍ R with stroke  
R with middle tilde  
ɺ Turned R with long leg Alveolar lateral flap
R with palatal hook  
ɻ Turned R with hook Retroflex approximant
Turned R with tail UPA
ɼ R with long leg  
Ɽ ɽ R with tail Retroflex flap
ɾ R with fishhook Alveolar flap
R with fishhook and middle tilde  
ɿ Reversed R with fishhook  
Ś ś S with acute Polish, Sanskrit transliteration
Ṥ ṥ S with acute and dot above  
Ŝ ŝ S with circumflex Esperanto
Š š S with caron Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Slovenian, Sorbian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian, Bosnian
Ṧ ṧ S with caron and dot above  
Ṡ ṡ S with dot above  
Ş ş S with cedilla  
Ꞩ ꞩ S with oblique stroke Pre-1921 Latvian letter; pre-1950 Lower Sorbian letter
Ṣ ṣ S with dot below  
Ṩ ṩ S with dot below and dot above  
Ș ș S with comma below Romanian, cf. comma-below versus cedilla
Long s with dot above  
ẞ ᵴ S with middle tilde  
S with palatal hook  
ʂ S with hook Voiceless retroflex fricative
Ȿ ȿ S with swash tail Shona
Long S with diagonal stroke Pre-1921 Latvian letter; pre-1950 Lower Sorbian letter
Long S with high stroke  
Esh with palatal hook  
Esh with retroflex hook  
ʆ Esh with curl  
Ť ť T with caron  
T̈ ẗ T with diaeresis  
Ṫ ṫ T with dot above  
Ţ ţ T with cedilla  
Ṭ ṭ T with dot below  
Ț ț T with comma below Romanian
Ṱ ṱ T with circumflex below  
Ṯ ṯ T with line below  
ƾ Inverted glottal stop with stroke  
Ŧ ŧ T with stroke  
Ⱦ ⱦ T with diagonal stroke  
T with middle tilde  
ƫ T with palatal hook  
Ƭ ƭ T with hook  
Ʈ ʈ T with retroflex hook Voiceless retroflex plosive
ȶ T with curl  
Ú ú U with acute  
Ù ù U with grave  
Ŭ ŭ U with breve cf. Cyrillic: Ў ў
Û û U with circumflex  
Ǔ ǔ U with caron  
Ů ů U with ring above  
Ü ü U with diaeresis cf. Cyrillic: Ӱ ӱ
Ǘ ǘ U with diaeresis and acute Second tone for yu in Hanyu Pinyin
Ǜ ǜ U with diaeresis and grave Fourth tone for yu in Hanyu Pinyin
Ǚ ǚ U with diaeresis and caron Third tone for yu in Hanyu Pinyin
Ǖ ǖ U with diaeresis and macron First tone for yu in Hanyu Pinyin
Ű ű U with double acute cf. Cyrillic: Ӳ ӳ
Ũ ũ U with tilde  
Ṹ ṹ U with tilde and acute  
Ų ų U with ogonek  
Ū ū U with macron cf. Cyrillic: Ӯ ӯ
Ṻ ṻ U with macron and diaeresis  
Ủ ủ U with hook above Vietnamese
Ȕ ȕ U with double grave  
Ȗ ȗ U with inverted breve  
Ư ư U with horn Vietnamese
Ứ ứ U with horn and acute Vietnamese
Ừ ừ U with horn and grave Vietnamese
Ữ ữ U with horn and tilde Vietnamese
Ử ử U with horn and hook above Vietnamese
Ự ự U with horn and dot below Vietnamese
Ụ ụ U with dot below Vietnamese
Ṳ ṳ U with diaeresis below  
Ṷ ṷ U with circumflex below  
Ṵ ṵ U with tilde below  
Ʉ ʉ U bar Close central rounded vowel
Small capital U with stroke  
U with retroflex hook  
ʮ Turned H with fishhook  
ʯ Turned H with fishhook and tail  
ɰ Turned M with long leg Velar approximant
ᵿ Upsilon with stroke  
Ṽ ṽ V with tilde  
Ṿ ṿ V with dot below  
Ꝟ ꝟ V with diagonal stroke  
V with palatal hook  
Ʋ ʋ V with hook (Script V) Labiodental approximant
V with right hook Labiodental flap
V with curl  
Ẃ ẃ W with acute  
Ẁ ẁ W with grave  
Ŵ ŵ W with circumflex  
W̊ ẘ W with ring above  
Ẅ ẅ W with diaeresis  
Ẇ ẇ W with dot above  
Ẉ ẉ W with dot below  
Ⱳ ⱳ W with hook  
Ẍ ẍ X with diaeresis  
Ẋ ẋ X with dot above  
X with palatal hook  
Ý ý Y with acute  
Ỳ ỳ Y with grave  
Ŷ ŷ Y with circumflex  
Y̊ ẙ Y with ring above  
Ÿ ÿ Y with diaeresis  
Ỹ ỹ Y with tilde  
Ẏ ẏ Y with dot above  
Ȳ ȳ Y with macron  
Ỷ ỷ Y with hook above  
Ỵ ỵ Y with dot below  
Ɏ ɏ Y with stroke  
Ƴ ƴ Y with hook  
Ỿ ỿ Y with loop  
Ź ź Z with acute Polish
Ẑ ẑ Z with circumflex  
Ž ž Z with caron Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Slovenian, Lithuanian, Latvian , Bosnian
Ż ż Z with dot above Polish, Maltese
Ẓ ẓ Z with dot below  
Ẕ ẕ Z with line below  
Ƶ ƶ Z with stroke  
Z with middle tilde  
Z with palatal hook  
Ȥ ȥ Z with hook  
ʐ Z with retroflex hook Voiced retroflex fricative
ʑ Z with curl Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
Ɀ ɀ Z with swash tail Shona
Ⱬ ⱬ Z with descender Uyghur. c.f. Cyrillic: Ҙ ҙ
Ǯ ǯ Ezh with caron  
Ezh with retroflex hook  
ƺ Ezh with tail  
ʓ Ezh with curl  
Ꝥ ꝥ Thorn with stroke  
Ꝧ ꝧ Thorn with stroke through descender  
ƻ Two with stroke  
Ꜯ ꜯ Cuatrillo with comma Mayan glottalized alveolar affricate /tsˀ/
ʡ Glottal stop with stroke Epiglottal plosive
ʢ Reversed glottal stop with stroke Voiced epiglottal fricative

Ligatures and digraphs

Ligatures and digraphs.

Letter Name Notes
Ꜳ ꜳ AA Medieval Nordic vowel /aː/ [2]
Ꜳ́ ꜳ́ AA with acute
Ꜳ̋ ꜳ̋ AA double acute
Ꜳ̇ ꜳ̇ AA with dot above
Ꜳ̈ ꜳ̈ AA with diaeresis
Ꜳ̣ ꜳ̣ AA with dot below
Æ æ AE Ash, Aesc, Near-open front unrounded vowel. cf. Cyrillic: Ӕ ӕ
Ǽ ǽ AE with acute
Æ̋ æ̋ AE with double acute
Æ̆ æ̆ AE with breve
Æ̇ æ̇ AE with dot above
Æ̈ æ̈ AE with diaeresis
Ǣ ǣ AE with macron
Ǣ́ ǣ́ AE with macron and acute
Ǣ̆ ǣ̆ AE with macron and breve
Æ̨ æ̨ AE with ogonek
Ǽ̨ ǽ̨ AE with acute and ogonek
Æ̣ æ̣ AE with dot below
Small capital AE  
Turned AE  
Ꜵ ꜵ AO Medieval Nordic vowel /ǫ/
Ꜵ́ ꜵ́ AO with acute
Ꜵ̋ ꜵ̋ AO with double acute
Ꜵ̣ ꜵ̣ AO with dot below
Ꜷ ꜷ AU Medieval Nordic vowel /au/, /ǫ/, /ø/, and /øː/
Ꜷ́ ꜷ́ AU with acute
Ꜷ̣ ꜷ̣ AU with dot below
Ꜹ ꜹ AV Medieval Nordic vowel /au/, /ǫ/, /ø/, and /øː/
Ꜻ ꜻ AV with horizontal bar Medieval Nordic vowel /ǫ/, /ø/, /øː/, and /ęː/
Ꜹ́ ꜹ́ AV with acute
Ꜹ̋ ꜹ̋ AV with double acute
Ꜽ ꜽ AY Medieval Nordic vowel /ǫ/, /øː/, and /ey/
Ꜹ̨ ꜹ̨ AV with ogonek
Ꜹ̣ ꜹ̣ AV with dot below
Ꜽ̇ ꜽ̇ AY with dot above
Ꜽ̣ ꜽ̣ AY with dot below
ȸ DB digraph Nonstandard symbol for voiced labiodental plosive
DZ Dz dz DZ  
ʣ DZ digraph  
DŽ Dž dž DZ with caron
ʥ DZ digraph with curl  
ʤ Dezh digraph  
Ligature FF  
Ligature FI  
Ligature FL  
ʩ Feng digraph  
IJ ij Ligature IJ Dutch, West Frisian
LJ Lj lj LJ  
Ỻ ỻ Middle-Welsh Ll  
ʪ LS digraph  
ʫ LZ digraph  
NJ Nj nj NJ  
Œ œ Ligature OE French, Ethel, Open-mid front rounded vowel
Œ́ œ́ Ligature OE with acute
Œ̀ œ̀ Ligature OE with grave
Œ̂ œ̂ Ligature OE with circumflex
Œ̌ œ̌ Ligature OE with caron
Œ̄ œ̄ Ligature OE with macron
ɶ Small capital OE Open front rounded vowel
Ꝏ ꝏ OO Medieval Nordic vowel /oː/
Turned OE  
ȹ QP digraph Nonstandard symbol for voiceless labiodental plosive
ß Sharp S German eszett
Ligature ST  
Long S-T  
ʨ TC digraph with curl  
TH with strikethrough  
ʦ TS digraph  
ʧ Tesh digraph  
Ꜩ ꜩ TZ Mayan palato-alveolar affricate /ts/
ue  
Capital UE  
Ꝡ ꝡ VY Medieval Nordic vowel /yː/
See also

Multigraphs

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ So defined in ISO/IEC 646 (based on ASCII) which was based on the 26 letters of the English alphabet and previous telecommunication standards
  2. ^ a b c http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2957.pdf