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{{distinguish|List of tram and light-rail transit systems}}
{{distinguish|List of tram and light-rail transit systems}}
[[File:NYC Subway R160A 9237 on the E.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[New York City Subway]] is the worlds largest by number of stations. London is the worlds largest metro system by length of track.]]
[[File:NYC Subway R160A 9237 on the E.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[New York City Subway]] is the world's largest by number of stations. London is the world's largest metro system by length of track.]]
[[File:Green.park.underground.arp.750pix.jpg|250px|thumb|The [[London Underground]]. Opened in 1863, it is the oldest metro system in the world.]]
[[File:Green.park.underground.arp.750pix.jpg|250px|thumb|The [[London Underground]]. Opened in 1863, it is the oldest metro system in the world.]]


A '''metro system''' is a [[rapid transit]] [[train]] system. In some cases, metro systems are referred to as ''subways'' or ''undergrounds''. As of 2010, there are approximately 160 metro systems in the world. The first metro system, the [[London Underground]], was opened in 1863. The [[Beijing Subway]] is the longest system in passenger route length (Berlin's two interlinked systems, the S-Bahn and U-Bahn, combine for a greater total route length). The [[New York City Subway]] has the most stations and the longest amount of total track, with a total of {{convert|842|mi|km}}, including non-revenue trackage.<ref>{{cite web
A '''metro system''' is a [[rapid transit]] [[train]] system. In some cases, metro systems are referred to as ''subways'' or ''undergrounds''. As of 2010, there are approximately 160 metro systems in the world. The first metro system, the [[London Underground]], was opened in 1863. The [[Beijing Subway]] is the longest system in passenger route length{{fact}} (Berlin's two interlinked systems, the S-Bahn and U-Bahn, combine for a greater total route length). The [[New York City Subway]] has the most stations and the longest amount of total track, with a total of {{convert|842|mi|km}}, including non-revenue trackage.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt700/rpt700.htm
|url=http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt700/rpt700.htm
|author=New York State Comptroller
|author=New York State Comptroller
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>
__TOC__
__TOC__

==Considerations==
==Considerations==
A metro system is defined as an urban, electric passenger transport system with high capacity and high frequency of service, which is totally independent from other traffic, road or pedestrians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uitp.org/Public-Transport/metro/index.cfm|title=Metro|publisher=[[International Association of Public Transport]]|accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref><ref name="Schwandl">{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/about.htm#definition|title=What is a metro?|author=Schwandl, Robert|publisher=UrbanRail.Net|year=2007|accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref> The terms ''heavy rail'' (mainly in North America) and ''heavy urban rail'' often have similar definitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apta.com/research/info/online/glossary.cfm|title=Glossary of Transit Terminology|publisher=[[American Public Transportation Association]]|accessdate=2008-02-27 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070927220938/http://www.apta.com/research/info/online/glossary.cfm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demandforpublictransport.co.uk/TRL593.pdf|title=The demand for public transport: a practical guide|page=6|publisher=[[Transport Research Laboratory]]|accessdate=2008-03-27}}</ref>
A metro system is defined as an urban, electric passenger transport system with high capacity and high frequency of service, which is totally independent from other traffic, road or pedestrians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uitp.org/Public-Transport/metro/index.cfm|title=Metro|publisher=[[International Association of Public Transport]]|accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref><ref name="Schwandl">{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/about.htm#definition|title=What is a metro?|author=Schwandl, Robert|publisher=UrbanRail.Net|year=2007|accessdate=2008-01-14}}</ref> The terms ''heavy rail'' (mainly in North America) and ''heavy urban rail'' often have similar definitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apta.com/research/info/online/glossary.cfm|title=Glossary of Transit Terminology|publisher=[[American Public Transportation Association]]|accessdate=2008-02-27 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070927220938/http://www.apta.com/research/info/online/glossary.cfm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demandforpublictransport.co.uk/TRL593.pdf|title=The demand for public transport: a practical guide|page=6|publisher=[[Transport Research Laboratory]]|accessdate=2008-03-27}}</ref>

Revision as of 08:48, 30 December 2012

Not to be confused with List of tram and light-rail transit systems.
The New York City Subway is the world's largest by number of stations. London is the world's largest metro system by length of track.
The London Underground. Opened in 1863, it is the oldest metro system in the world.

A metro system is a rapid transit train system. In some cases, metro systems are referred to as subways or undergrounds. As of 2010, there are approximately 160 metro systems in the world. The first metro system, the London Underground, was opened in 1863. The Beijing Subway is the longest system in passenger route length[citation needed] (Berlin's two interlinked systems, the S-Bahn and U-Bahn, combine for a greater total route length). The New York City Subway has the most stations and the longest amount of total track, with a total of 842 miles (1,355 km), including non-revenue trackage.[1]

Considerations

A metro system is defined as an urban, electric passenger transport system with high capacity and high frequency of service, which is totally independent from other traffic, road or pedestrians.[2][3] The terms heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail often have similar definitions.[4][5]

The dividing line between metro and other modes of public transport, such as light rail and commuter rail, is not always clear. A common way to distinguish metro from light rail is by their separation from other traffic. While light rail systems may share roads or have level crossings, a metro system runs, almost always, on a grade-separated exclusive right-of-way, with no access for pedestrians and other traffic. And in contrast to commuter rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequency, typically not more than 10 minutes between trains during normal daytime service. Furthermore, most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is however not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead lines.

The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. Some cities use metro as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded light rail that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data. Certain transit networks match the technical level and service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are commonly known or better described as suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included. Neither are monorail and funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transport systems.

Legend

Countries with metro systems
The locations of all the world's metro systems
Country
Country of the metro system.
Location
Primary city served by the metro system.
Name
The most common English name of the system.
Opened
The year the system was opened for commercial service with metro standard. Parts of the system may be older, as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network.
Stations
The number of stations in the network, with stations connected by transfer counted as one.
Length
The route length of the network in kilometres and miles.

List

This list is sortable. Click on the icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.

Location Country Name Opening Stations Length (km) Length (mi)
Algiers  Algeria Algiers Metro[6] 2011 10 9.2 5.7
Buenos Aires  Argentina Buenos Aires Metro[note 1][7] 1913 68 48.5 30.1
Yerevan  Armenia Yerevan Metro 1981 10 13.4 8.3
Vienna  Austria Vienna U-Bahn[8] 1976 101 75 47
Baku  Azerbaijan Baku Metro 1967 23 34.6 21.5
Minsk  Belarus Minsk Metro 1984 25 30.3 18.8
Brussels  Belgium Brussels Metro 1976 59 49.9 31.0
Belo Horizonte  Brazil Belo Horizonte Metro 1986 19 28.2 17.5
Brasília  Brazil Brasília Metro 2001 24 42.4 26.3[9]
Porto Alegre  Brazil Porto Alegre Metro 1985 20 33.8 21.0
Recife  Brazil Recife Metro 1985 28 39.5 24.5
Rio de Janeiro  Brazil Metrô Rio 1979 35 40.9 25.4[10]
São Paulo  Brazil São Paulo Metro 1974 64 74.3 46.2[11]
Teresina  Brazil Teresina Metro 1989 9 14.5 9.0
Sofia  Bulgaria Sofia Metro 1998 27 30.5 19.0
Montreal  Canada Montreal Metro[12] 1966 68 69.2 43.0
Toronto  Canada Toronto Subway and RT[13] 1954 69 68.3 42.4
Vancouver  Canada SkyTrain 1985 47 68.7 42.7
Santiago  Chile Santiago Metro[14][15] 1975 108 103 64
Valparaíso  Chile Valparaíso Metro 2005 20 43 27
Beijing  China Beijing Subway[note 2][16] 1981[note 3] 261 442 275
Chengdu  China Chengdu Metro 2010 36 40.8 25.4
Chongqing  China Chongqing Rail Transit[note 4] 2005 77 110 68
Dalian  China Dalian Metro[17] 2003 20 63.0 39.1
Foshan  China FMetro [note 5] 2010 14 20.4 12.7
Guangzhou  China Guangzhou Metro[18][note 6] 1997 120 215.0 133.6
Hangzhou  China Hangzhou Metro[19] 2012 31 48.0 29.8
Kunming  China Kunming Rail Transit 2012 2 18.1 11.2
Nanjing  China Nanjing Metro[20] 2005 55 87.0 54.1
Shanghai  China Shanghai Metro[note 7][21][22][23] 1995 282 437 272
Shenyang  China Shenyang Metro 2010 41 49.7 30.9
Shenzhen  China Shenzhen Metro 2004 137 178.4 110.9
Suzhou  China Suzhou Rail Transit 2012 24 25.7 16.0
Tianjin  China Tianjin Metro 1984 76 128.6 79.9
Wuhan  China Wuhan Metro 2004 46 56.85 35.32
Xi'an  China Xi'an Metro 2011 17 20.5 12.7
Medellín  Colombia Medellín Metro 1995 34 32 20
Prague  Czech Republic Prague Metro 1974 57 59.3 36.8
Copenhagen  Denmark S-train 1934 84 170 110
Copenhagen  Denmark Copenhagen Metro 2002 22 21 13
Santo Domingo  Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Metro 2009 30 27.5 17.1
Cairo  Egypt Cairo Metro[24] 1987 60 69.8 43.4
Helsinki  Finland Helsinki Metro 1982 17 21.1 13.1
Lille  France Lille Metro 1983 60 45.2 28.1
Lyon  France Lyon Metro 1978 42 30.5 19.0
Marseille  France Marseille Metro 1977 30 22 14
Paris  France Paris Métro[25][26] 1900 302 218.4 135.7
Rennes  France Rennes Metro 2002 15 9.4 5.8
Toulouse  France Toulouse Metro 1993 37 27.5 17.1
Tbilisi  Georgia Tbilisi Metro 1966 22 26.4 16.4
Berlin  Germany Berlin U-Bahn[27] 1902 173 147 91
Berlin  Germany Berlin S-Bahn 1924 166 331 206
Frankfurt  Germany Frankfurt U-Bahn 1968 85 58.6 36.4
Hamburg  Germany Hamburg U-Bahn 1912 89 100.7 62.6
Hamburg  Germany Hamburg S-Bahn 1908 68 144.0 89.5
Munich  Germany Munich U-Bahn 1971 100 103.1 64.1
Nuremberg  Germany Nuremberg U-Bahn 1972 44 34.6 21.5
Athens  Greece Athens Metro[note 8][note 9] 1869 54 72.3 44.9
Hong Kong  Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR)[28] 1979[note 10] 82 174.4 108.4
Budapest  Hungary Budapest Metro 1896 42 31.7 19.7
Bangalore  India Namma Metro 2011 6 6.7 4.2
Chennai  India Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) 1997 17 19 12
Delhi  India Delhi Metro 2002[29] 145 193 120
Kolkata  India Kolkata Metro 1984 23 25.55 15.88
Mashhad  Iran Mashhad Metro 2011 22 19 12
Tehran  Iran Tehran Metro 1999[30] 80 74.5 46.3
Brescia  Italy Brescia Metro 2012[31] 17 13.1 8.1
Catania  Italy Catania Metro 1999 6 3.8 2.4
Genoa  Italy Genoa Metro 1990 8 7.1 4.4
Milan  Italy Milan Metro[32] 1964 94 88 55
Naples  Italy Naples Metro[note 11] 1993[note 12] 28 28 17
Rome  Italy Rome Metro[33] 1955 51 41.5 25.8
Turin  Italy Metrotorino 2006 21 13.2 8.2
Fukuoka  Japan[note 13] Fukuoka City Subway 1981 35 29.8 18.5
Kobe  Japan[note 13] Kobe Rapid Railway 1968 10 7.6 4.7
Kobe  Japan[note 13] Kobe Municipal Subway 1977 25 30.6 19.0
Kyoto  Japan[note 13] Kyoto Municipal Subway 1981 29 28.8 17.9
Nagoya  Japan[note 13] Nagoya Municipal Subway 1957 83 89.1 55.4
Osaka  Japan[note 13] Osaka Municipal Subway 1933 101 137.8 85.6
Sapporo  Japan[note 13] Sapporo Municipal Subway 1971 46 48 30
Sendai  Japan[note 13] Sendai Subway 1987 17 14.8 9.2
Tokyo  Japan[note 13] Yamanote Line 1925 29 34.5 21.4
Tokyo  Japan[note 13] Tokyo Metro 1927 179 195.1 121.2
Tokyo  Japan[note 13] Toei Subway 1960 106 121.5 75.5
Tokyo  Japan[note 13] Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit 1996 8 12.2 7.6
Yokohama  Japan[note 13] Yokohama Municipal Subway 1972 32 40.4 25.1
Yokohama  Japan[note 13] Minatomirai Line 2004 6 4.1 2.5
Almaty  Kazakhstan Almaty Metro 2011 7 8.5 5.3
Pyongyang  North Korea Pyongyang Metro 1973 17 22 14
Busan  South Korea Busan Subway 1985 128 130.2 80.9
Daegu  South Korea Daegu Subway 1997 59 57.3 35.6
Daejeon  South Korea Daejeon Subway 2006 22 22.7 14.1
Gwangju  South Korea Gwangju Subway 2004 20 20.1 12.5
Incheon  South Korea Incheon Subway 1999 29 29.4 18.3
Seoul  South Korea Seoul Metropolitan Subway[note 14] 1974[note 15] 326 406.2 252.4
Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System 1996 48 56 35
Mexico City  Mexico Mexico City Metro[note 16][34] 1969 195 226 140
Amsterdam  Netherlands Amsterdam Metro[note 17][35] 1977 33 32.7 20.3
Rotterdam  Netherlands Rotterdam Metro 1968 62 78.3 48.7
Oslo  Norway Oslo Metro 1966 105 84.2 52.3
Lima  Peru Lima Metro 2011[dubious – discuss] 16 21.4 13.3
Manila  Philippines Manila Light Rail Transit System 1984 32 34.5 21.4
Manila  Philippines Manila Metro Rail Transit System 1999 13 17.0 10.6
Warsaw  Poland Warsaw Metro 1995 21 23.1 14.4
Lisbon  Portugal Lisbon Metro[36][37] 1959 55 45.5 28.3
San Juan  Puerto Rico Tren Urbano 2004 16 17.2 10.7
Bucharest  Romania Bucharest Metro[38] 1979 51 69.3 43.1
Kazan  Russia Kazan Metro[39] 2005 7 10.32 6.41
Moscow  Russia Moscow Metro[40][41] 1935 188 313.1 194.6
Nizhny Novgorod  Russia Nizhny Novgorod Metro 1985 14 18.6 11.6
Novosibirsk  Russia Novosibirsk Metro 1986 13 15.9 9.9
Saint Petersburg  Russia Saint Petersburg Metro 1955 67 112.54 69.93
Samara Metro  Russia Samara 1987 9 11.4 7.1
Yekaterinburg  Russia Yekaterinburg Metro 1991 9 12.7 7.9
Mecca  Saudi Arabia Mecca Metro 2010 15 18.1 11.2
Singapore  Singapore Mass Rapid Transit[42] 1987 89 146.5 91.0
Barcelona  Spain Barcelona Metro[43] 1924 166 125 78
Bilbao  Spain Bilbao Metro 1995 41 43.31 26.91
Madrid  Spain Metro de Madrid[note 18][44] 1919 300 293 182
Palma de Mallorca  Spain Palma de Mallorca Metro 2007 9 8.3 5.2
Seville  Spain Seville Metro 2009 22 18.2 11.3
Valencia  Spain Metrovalencia[note 19] 1988 169 175 109
Stockholm  Sweden Stockholm Metro[45] 1950 100 110.0 68.4
Lausanne   Switzerland Lausanne Metro[note 20][46] 2008 28 15.0 9.3
Taipei  Taiwan Taipei Metro 1996 102[47] 112.8 70.1
Kaohsiung  Taiwan Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit 2008 37 42.7 26.5
Bangkok  Thailand Bangkok Skytrain[48] 1999 30 30.95 19.23
Bangkok  Thailand Bangkok Metro 2004 18 21 13
Bangkok  Thailand Suvarnabhumi Airport Rail Link City Line 2010 8 28.6 17.8
Adana  Turkey Adana Metro 2009 13 13.5 8.4
Ankara  Turkey Ankara Metro 1997 23 23.4 14.5
Bursa  Turkey Bursa Metro 2002 26 31 19
Istanbul  Turkey Istanbul Metro 2000 28 39.2 24.4
Izmir  Turkey Izmir Metro 2000 10 11.6 7.2
Dnipropetrovsk  Ukraine Dnipropetrovsk Metro 1995 6 7.8 4.8
Kharkiv  Ukraine Kharkiv Metro 1975 29 38.1 23.7
Kiev  Ukraine Kiev Metro 1960 51 66.1 41.1
Dubai  United Arab Emirates Dubai Metro[49] 2009 47 75 47
Glasgow  United Kingdom Glasgow Subway 1896 15 10.4 6.5
London  United Kingdom London Underground[50] 1863[51] 270 402 250
London  United Kingdom Docklands Light Railway 1987[52] 45 34 21
Newcastle/Sunderland  United Kingdom Tyne & Wear Metro 1980 60 77.7 48.3
Atlanta  United States MARTA 1979 38 77 48
Baltimore  United States Metro Subway 1983 14 24.5 15.2
Boston  United States MBTA[note 21][53][54] 1897 51 61 38
Chicago  United States Chicago 'L' 1897[note 22][55] 145 173 107
Cleveland  United States RTA Rapid Transit (Red Line) 1955 18 31 19
Los Angeles  United States Los Angeles County Metro Rail[note 23][56] 1993 16 28.0 17.4
Miami  United States Metrorail 1984 23 40.1 24.9
New York City  United States New York City Subway[note 24][57][58][59] 1904 423 337 209
New York City  United States Staten Island Railway 1925[note 25] 22 22.5 14.0
New York City/New Jersey  United States PATH 1908[60] 13 22.2 13.8
Philadelphia  United States SEPTA[note 26] 1907 53 38.5 23.9
Philadelphia/New Jersey  United States PATCO Speedline 1936 13 22.9 14.2
San Francisco Bay Area  United States BART[61] 1972 44 167 104
Washington, D.C.  United States Washington Metro 1976 86 171 106
Tashkent  Uzbekistan Tashkent Metro 1977 29 37.5 23.3
Caracas  Venezuela Caracas Metro 1983 47 54.2 33.7
Los Teques  Venezuela Los Teques Metro 2006 2 9.5 5.9
Maracaibo  Venezuela Maracaibo Metro 2006 6 6.5 4.0

See also

Notes

  1. ^ There are 77 stations according to official source. But there are 68 stations when counting transfer stations as one.
  2. ^ Excluding Beijing Suburban Railway with a track length of 77.07 kilometres (47.89 mi)
  3. ^ Trial operation since 1969. Fully operational and open to public since 1981.
  4. ^ Line 1 and 6 are subway while line 2 and 3 are monorail
  5. ^ 1st line of Foshan Metro serves two cities - Foshan and Guangzhou
  6. ^ The number excludes the stations and lengths on the Guangfo Metro/Guangfo Line, which is part of the FMetro in Foshan.
  7. ^ Excludes Maglev and Line 22. According to official sources, the total line length is 431.7 km. But line 3 and 4 share 11.9 km of tracks according to urbanrail.net. Thus the route network length is approximately 420 km. The total number of stations is 273 (officially) but only 237 if transfer stations are counted as one (according to ExploreShanghai.com).
  8. ^ The blue line also has a 21.2 km section (with 4 stations) to the airport that is owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation and is mainly used by the suburban railway system.
    "Operation". Attiko Metro S.A. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
    Schwandl, Robert. "Athens Metro". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  9. ^ The green line, operated until 2011 by Athens–Piraeus Electric Railway, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. It shall be integrated with Athens Metro under the new company STASY S.A.
    "Information on Line 1 - Technical Data". ISAP. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  10. ^ East Rail Line overlapped with a conventional railway operational since 1910.
  11. ^ Currently, line 1, 2 and 6 are rapid transit. Additional suburban lines will be upgraded to rapid transit standard.
    Schwandl, Robert. "Napoli". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  12. ^ Overlapped with some conventional railways operational since 1925.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n In general, the majority of urban rail service in Japanese metropolitan areas is provided by systems not included in this list. For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
  14. ^ Includes metro systems within Seoul only counting transfer stations as one. Seoul Metro/SMRT/Seoul Metro Line 9: 327.2km/306 stations. Seoul Subway Line 1 - Dobongsan~Cheongnyangni, Seoul Station~Onsu, Guro~Geumcheon-gu Office: 36.1km/15 stations, Bundang Line - Wangsimni~Suseo: 16.5km/7 stations, Sin Bundang Line - Gangnam~Chyeongyesan: 6km/2 stations, AREX: Seoul Station~Gimpo International Airport: 20.4km/0 stations
  15. ^ Parts of Line 1 and Line K1, K3 overlap with conventional railways that were built before 1974.
  16. ^ There are 147 stations on the network map, counting transfer stations as one. The sum of number of stations for all lines is 175.
  17. ^ Line 50, 53, and 54 are rapid transit. Numbers exclude light rail line 51.
  18. ^ Including MetroSur and other suburban lines.
  19. ^ Not entirely a metro.
  20. ^ The Lausanne Metro has two lines. Line 1 is light rail, line 2 is rapid transit. Stats are for line 2 only.
  21. ^ The Red, Orange, and Blue lines of the subway are rapid transit. The originally-elevated Orange Line opened in 1901, sharing the Tremont Street Subway that opened in 1897 as an underground tram tunnel.
  22. ^ Dated from the opening of "[[The Loop (CTA)|]]," when the system became unified and electrified.
  23. ^ Red and Purple lines.
  24. ^ First regular elevated railway service began in 1870. The first section of subway opened in 1904. The total number of stations is 472, but with transfer stations counted only once, the number is 423 (including temporarily closed station Cortlandt Street).
  25. ^ While the line opened as a railroad in 1860, it was not until 1925 that rapid transit equipment would be operated here.
  26. ^ Broad Street Line and Market–Frankford Line

References

  1. ^ New York State Comptroller. "A Guide for Evaluating the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's Proposed Capital Program for 2000 Through 2004". www.osc.state.ny.us. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
  2. ^ "Metro". International Association of Public Transport. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  3. ^ Schwandl, Robert (2007). "What is a metro?". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  4. ^ "Glossary of Transit Terminology". American Public Transportation Association. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
  5. ^ "The demand for public transport: a practical guide" (PDF). Transport Research Laboratory. p. 6. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  6. ^ "Alger metro inaugurated". Railway Gazette. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
  7. ^ "Metrovías en Números". Metrovias. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
  8. ^ "Wien". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  9. ^ Estrutura atual - Metrô Brasília
  10. ^ Metrô Rio
  11. ^ Metrô SP - Secretaria de Transportes Metropolitanos
  12. ^ "The Montreal métro: a source of pride" (PDF). 2002. pp. 10, 11. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
  13. ^ "TTC - Subway/RT". Retrieved 31 January 2010.
  14. ^ "Plan your journey" (in Spanish). Santiago Metro. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Track length and stations
  15. ^ "Santiago Metro: History". Santiago Metro. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Opening year
  16. ^ "北京4条新地铁线今日开通 无仪式及领导讲话". 新京报. 2012-12-30. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  17. ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Dalian". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
  18. ^ "Guangzhou Metro". ExploreGuangzhou's "Metropedia". Retrieved 31 October 2010.
  19. ^ "Hangzhou Metro". Hangzhou Metro. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  20. ^ "Nanjing Metro". Urbanrail. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
  21. ^ "Metro Map". Shanghai Metro. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
  22. ^ "Shanghai Metro". ExploreShanghai.com. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
  23. ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Shanghai". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
  24. ^ Rohde, Mike. "Cairo". Metro Bits. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  25. ^ "The RATP Dev Brochure" (PDF). RATP. 11 June 2010. p. 3. Retrieved 7 November 2010. network length and number of stations
  26. ^ "Le Metropolitain, RER and Bus - A bit of history". Paris.org. Retrieved 25 January 2010. opening year
  27. ^ "The Berlin metro (U-Bahn)". Means of Transport & Routes. BVG. Archived from the original on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
  28. ^ "Train Services". MTR Corporation. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
  29. ^ "Indian PM launches Delhi metro". BBC News. 2002-12-24. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
  30. ^ "Tehran Metro". Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  31. ^ http://www.bresciamobilita.it/category/percorso-utenti/metrobs/
  32. ^ "L'opera che ha fatto di Milano una grande metropoli". Metropolitane Milanesi SpA. Retrieved 2012-06-14.
  33. ^ "Inaugurata la nuova linea metro B1". Comune di Roma Capitale. Retrieved 2012-06-14.
  34. ^ "Datos de operacion [[:Template:Es icon]]". Metro de la Ciudad de Mexico. Retrieved 2010-11-18. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help) Template:Es icon
  35. ^ "World Metro List - Amsterdam". metro bits. 2008-01-10. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  36. ^ "General Data: Network Expansion". Metropolitano de Lisboa. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Station count and track length
  37. ^ "A brief history". Metropolitano de Lisboa. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Opening year
  38. ^ "Metrorex - Network Features". Metrorex. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  39. ^ "Kazan Subway". Retrieved 2008-06-12. [dead link]
  40. ^ "Московский метрополитен". Moskovsky Metropoliten (in Russian). Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  41. ^ "Метрополитен в цифрах". Metropoliten v Tsifrakh (in Russian). Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  42. ^ "Singapore MRT". Explore Singapore's "MRTpedia". Retrieved 18 April 2010.
  43. ^ "Barcelona Metro". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
  44. ^ "Metro de Madrid in figures". Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  45. ^ "SL Annual Report 2007" (PDF). Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. 2008-06-27. p. 29. Retrieved 2008-09-10. [dead link]
  46. ^ "Metro m2" (PDF). Transports publics de la région lausannoise. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  47. ^ "Network and Systems of Taipei Metro". Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  48. ^ "Operating System". Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
  49. ^ "About metro". Dubai Metro. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  50. ^ "Key facts". London Underground. Transport for London. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  51. ^ Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground — An illustrated history. Ian Allan.
  52. ^ "Docklands Light Railway: History". Transport for London. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  53. ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Boston T". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  54. ^ "About the T - Financials - Appendix: Statistical Profile" (PDF). MBTA. 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  55. ^ "RAPID TRANSIT IN CHICAGO - Remarkable Facilities Furnished by the Opening Last Week of the "Loop."". New York Times. October 24, 1897.
  56. ^ "Facts at a Glance". Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 2008-03-25.
  57. ^ "New York City Transit - History and Chronology". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 7 November 2010. opening year
  58. ^ "New York City Transit - Subway and Bus Ridership Statistics 2009". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 7 November 2010. number of stations
  59. ^ "New York City Subway & PATH". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 November 2010. network route length
  60. ^ "New York City: PATH". UrbanRail. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
  61. ^ "BART System Facts". San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. Retrieved 2008-04-23.

General references

Further reading

  • Vuchic, Vukan R. (2007). Urban Transit Systems and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-75823-5.
  • Ovenden, Mark (2005). Metro Maps Of The World. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-288-7.
  • Hinkel, W.; Treiber, K.; Valenta, G.; Liebsch, H. (2004). Underground Railways Yesterday - Today - Tomorrow. Schmid Verlag. ISBN 3-900607-44-3.
  • Fischler, Stan (2000). Subways Of The World. MBI. ISBN 0-7603-0752-0.
  • Garbutt, Paul (1997). World Metro Systems. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-191-0.
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