Bareilly

This article is about the City of Bareilly. For other uses of terms redirecting here, see Bareilly (disambiguation), Bareilly District, Bareilly Division, Bareilly (Lok Sabha constituency), Breilly - a commune in France, Panchala Kingdom, State of Rohilkhand, Barelwi, Raebareli - another city in India.

Bareilly बरेली
City
City of Bareilly
A monument at Bareilly A monument at Bareilly
Nickname:  The Jhumka City
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District	Bareilly
Government
• MP	Mr. Praveen Singh Airan (Indian National Congress)
• M.L.A.	Mr. Rajesh Agarwal (Bharatiya Janta Party)
• Mayor	Mrs. Supriya Airan
Area
• Total	168.5 km2 (65.1 sq mi)
Elevation	81 m (266 ft)
Population  (Census 2001)
• Total	699,839
• Density	4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Demonym	Bareilite (Barelvi)
Time zone	IST
PIN codes	2430xx
Vehicle registration	UP-25

Bareilly (Hindi: बरेली, Urdu: بریلی) is a prominent city in Bareilly district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Standing on the Ramganga river, it is the capital of the Bareilly division and the geographical region Rohilkhand. It is located 252 kilometres (157 mi) north of state capital, Lucknow and 250 kilometres (155 mi) east of national capital New Delhi .

A leading regional city, Bareilly exerts a powerful influence over regional commerce, finance, culture, art, fashion, research, education, and entertainment. It is also a center for the manufacture of furniture and for trade in cotton, grain, and sugar. The city's population in 2001 was 699,839. Geographically it forms the outer gateway to enter Uttarakhand State.

This fast-growing city is also known as Bans-Bareilly (Bansaldev & Baraldev). Though Bareilly is also a production center for cane (Bans) furniture, but it is just a coincidence. The name Bans Bareilly is not derived from its big bans (bamboo) market.It derived after the name of two prince named Bansaldev & Baraldev (Son of Local King).

The status of the city has been upgraded when its name was included in the "Counter Magnets" of National Capital Region (NCR) also including Hissar, Bareilly, Patiala, Kota and Gwalior. Bareilly is equidistant from New Delhi, the capital of India and Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh and thus has a lot of potential for setting up industries and to attract people to settle here.

According to the epic Mahābhārata, Bareilly region (Panchala) is said to be birth place of Draupadi, who was also referred to as 'Panchali' (one from the kingdom of Panchāla) by kṛṣṇā (Lord krishna). When Yudhisthira becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the Mahābhārata, Draupadi becomes his queen. The folklore says that Gautama Buddha had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly.

In 12the Century, the kingdom was under the rule by different clans of Kshatriya Rajputs . With the Islamic Invasion the region became a part og the Delhi Sultanate before getting absorbed in the emerging Mughal Empire. The foundation of the modern City of Bareilly foundation was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657.

Later the region became the capitol of Rohilkhand region before getting handed over to Nawab Vazir of Awadh and then to East India Company (transferred to the British India) and later becoming an integral part of India. The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history.

The M. J. P. Rohilkhand University (1975) and Bareilly College (1837) along with many private colleges and universities underline Bareilly's educational front. The Indian Veterinary Research Institute (I.V.R.I.) and Central Avian Research Institute (C.A.R.I.) is located in the suburb of Izzatnagar.

In recent past, Bareilly has given three eminent personalities- Waseem Barelvi (world renowned Urdu poet), Priyanka Chopra (former miss world and famous young Bollywood actor hailed from this city) and Imran Khan (won a Gold medal in shooting in the 19th Commonwealth Games held in New Delhi.

Bareilly is famous for its Zari work (a type of fabric decoration), 'Jhumka' - an intricate ear-rings or ear-pendants, Surma (Kohl and Manja. Manja (the glass powder coated kite flying and fighting string) called 'Luddhi Manja'. This manja thrives on a secret recipe of rice, fevicol and glass, all in good quantity, that results in it being lethal should any other manja come in contact with it.

History

Ancient period

Historically, Bareilly region was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Uttara-Panchala (Northern Panchala). The ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly served as a seat of the influential Empire.

The Kingdom occupied the country (region) to the east of the Kuru Kingdom, i.e. between the upper Himalayas and the river Ganges. The country was divided into Uttara-Panchala (Northern Panchala) and Dakshina-Panchala (Southern Panchala).

The Uttara-Panchala (Northern Panchala) had its capital at Ahicchattra (also known as Adhichhatra and Chhatravati, near present-day Ramnagar village in Aonla region of Bareilly, while Dakshina-Panchala (Southern Panchala) had it capital at Kampilya or Kampil in Farrukhabad district.

The position of the Panchala kingdom in Iron Age Vedic India.

The names of the last two Panchala clans, the Somakas and the Srinjayas are also mentioned in the Mahabharata and the Puranas. King Drupada, whose daughter Draupadi was married to the Pandavas belonged to the Somaka clan. However, the Mahabharata and the Puranas consider the ruling clan of the northern Panchala as an offshoot of the Bharata clan and Divodasa, Sudas, Srinjaya, Somaka and Drupada (also called Yajnasena) were the most notable rulers of this clan.

Evidence reveal that the Panchal coins were minted at Bareilly and the surrounding areas during 176 - 166 BC. Kushan and Gupta kings established mints in the region and this status was retained till the Christian era. Found at Ganga Ghati in abundance were the Adi Vigraha and Shree Vigraha coins of the Pratihara Kings that were minted here between the 4th to the 9th centuries. Dating to this period are also the silver coins — similar to those of Firoz Second — known as Indo-Sasanian.

Later, the city's continued status as a Mint town since the beginning of the Christian era was helped by the fact that Bareilly was never a disturbed area. (except at the time of the Independence Struggle)

The folklore says that Gautama Buddha had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly.

Medieval Period

After the fall of the Kingdom of Panchala, the City was under the rule of local rulers. In the twelfth century it was ruled by different clans of Rajputs referred to by the general name of Katehriyas (Kshatriya) Rajputs. The tract of land forming the subah or province (of Rohilkhand) was formerly called Katehr/Katiher.

At the beginning of the thirteenth century, when the Delhi Sultanate was firmly established, Katehr was divided into the provinces of Sambhal and Budaun. But the thickly forested country infested with wild animals provided just the right kind of shelter for rebels. And indeed, Katehr was famous for rebellions against imperial authority. During the Sultanate rule, there were frequent rebellions in Katehr. All were ruthlessly crushed. Sultan Balban (1266–1287) ordered vast tracts of jungle to be cleared so as to make the area unsafe for the insurgents.

The slightest weakening of the central authority provoked acts of defiance from the Katehriya Rajputs. Thus the Mughals initiated the policy of allotting lands for Afghan settlements in Katiher. Afghan settlements continued to be encouraged throughout the reign of Aurangzeb (1658–1707) and even after his death. These Afghans, known as the Rohilla Afghans, caused the area to be known as Rohilkhand. This move by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir was aimed to suppress Rajput uprisings, which had afflicted this region. Originally, some 20,000 soldiers from various Pashtun Tribes ( Yusafzais, Ghoris, Lodis, Ghilzai, Barech, Marwat, Durrani, Tanoli, Tarin, Kakar, Khattak, Afridi and Baqarzai ) were hired by Mughals to provide soldiers to the Mughal armies and this was appreciated by Aurangzeb Alamgir, an additional force of 25,000 men was given respected positions in Mughal Army. However most of them settled in the Katehar region during Nadir Shah's invasion of northern India in 1739 increasing their population up to 100,0000. Due to the large settlement of Rohilla Afghans, the Katehar region gained fame as Rohilkhand.

The city of Bareilly was founded in 1537 by Basdeo, a Katehriya Rajput. The city is mentioned in the histories for the first time by Budayuni who he writes that one Husain Quli Khan was appointed the governor of 'Bareilly and Sambhal' in 1568. The divisions and revenue of the district "being fixed by Todar Mal" were recorded by Abul Fazl in 1596. The foundation of the 'modern' City of Bareilly was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657. In 1658, Bareilly was made the headquarters of the province of Budaun.

The Mughal policy of encouraging Afghan settlements for keeping the Katehriyas in check worked only as long as the central government was strong. After Aurangzeb’s death, the Afghans, having themselves become local potentates, began to seize and occupy neighboring villages.

Regions of Uttar Pradeshincluding Rohilkhand(with Bareilly as its capital)

In 1623 two Afghan brothers of the Barech tribe, Shah Alam and Husain Khan, settled in the region, bringing with them many other Pashtun settlers. It was with the immigration of Daud Khan, an Afghan slave (who originally hails from Roh in Afghanistan) in the region that the Afghan Rohillas had come into prominence. His adopted son Ali Muhammad Khan succeeded in carving out an estate for himself in the district with his headquarter in the region. He was ultimately made the lawful governor of Kateher by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir (ruled 1658-1707), and the region was henceforth called "the land of the Ruhelas." Eventually after the end of the Mughal Empire many Pathans migrated from Rohilkhand.

Bareilly as a ruined city became crowded with unemployed, restless Rohilla Pathans. Many urban cities in Uttar Pradesh were experiencing economic stagnation and poverty. Naturally, this led to heavy migration overseas to Suriname and Guyana.

Meanwhile, Ali Muhammad Khan (1737–1749), grandson of Shah Alam, captured the city of Bareilly and made it his capital, later uniting the Rohillas to form the 'State of Rohilkhand', between 1707 and 1720, making Bareilly his capital. He rapidly rose to power and got confirmed in possession of the lands he had seized. The Emperor created him a Nawab in 1737, and he was recognised as the governor of Rohilkhand in 1740.

According to 1901 census of India, the total Pathan population in Bareilly District was 40,779, out of a total population of 1,090,117. Their principal clans were the Yusafzais, Ghoris, Lodis, Ghilzai, Barech, Marwat, Durrani, Tanoli, Tarin, Kakar, Khattak, Afridi and Baqarzai. Other important cities were Rampur, Shahjahanpur, Badaun, and others.

Hafiz Rahmat Khan, standing right to Ahmad Shah Durrani, who is shown on a brown horse.(during the The 'Third battle of Panipat') 14 January 1761

Ali Muhammad was succeeded by Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech (1749–1774), whom he appointed h¹fiz or regent of Rohilkhand on his deathbed. Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech extended the power of Rohilkhand from Almora in the North to Etawah in the South-West.

Under Rahmat Ali Khan, Rohilla power continued to rise, though the area was torn by strife amongst the rival chieftains and continuous struggles with the neighbouring powers, particularly the Nawab Vazirs of Awadh, the Bangash Nawabs, and the Marathas.

The term Rohilla is derived from the Pashtu Roh, meaning mountain, and literally means a mountain air, and was used by the Baluch and Jats of the Derajat region to refer to the Pashtun mountains tribes of Loralai, Zhob and Waziristan regions. The Rohillas and are men of a taller stature, a fairer complexion and a more arrogant air than the general inhabitants of the district. The Muslims in the area are chiefly the descendants of Yousafzai Afghans tribe of Pashtuns, called the Rohilla Pathans of the Mandanh sub-section, (but other Pashtuns also became part of the community), who settled in the country about the year 1720. Rohilla's Sardar like Daud Khan, Ali Muhammad Khan, and the legendary Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech were from the renowned Afghan tribe the Barech, who were originally from the Kandahar Province of Afghanistan. In Uttar Pradesh, it was used for all Pashtuns, except for the Shia Bangashes who settled in the Rohilkhand region, or men serving under Rohilla chiefs. Rohillas were distinguished by their separate language and culture. They spoke Pashto among each other but gradually lost their language over time and now converse in Urdu.

Bishop Heber described them as follows: - "The country is burdened with a crowd of lazy, profligate, self-called sawars (cavaliers), who, though many of them are not worth a rupee, conceive it derogatory to their gentility and Pathan blood to apply themselves to any honest industry, and obtain for the most part a precarious livelihood by sponging on the industrious tradesmen and farmers, on whom they levy a sort of blackmail, or as hangers-on to the wealthy and noble families yet remaining in the province. These men have no visible means of maintenance, and no visible occupation except that of lounging up and down with their swords and shields, like the ancient Highlanders, whom in many respects they much resemble."

Rohilkhand (under Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech) was on the on the winning side at the Third Battle of Panipat of 1761 and successfully blocked the expansion of the Maratha Empire into north India. In 1772 Rohilkhand was invaded by the Marathas; however the Nawabs of Awadh came to the aid of the Rohillas in repulsing the invasion. After the war Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula demanded payment for their help from the Rohilla chief, Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech. When the demand was refused the Nawab joined with the British under Governor Warren Hastings and his Commander-in-Chief, Alexander Champion, to invade Rohilkhand. The combined forces of Shuja-ud Daulah, the Nawab of Awadh and the Company’s forces led by Colonel Champion defeated Hafiz Rahmat Ali Khan in 1774. Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech was killed in the ensuing battle at Miranpur Katra in 1774. His death finally closing the chapter of Rohilla rule.

Rohilkhand was handed over to the Nawab Vazir of Awadh. From 1774 to 1800, the province was ruled by the Nawabs of Awadh. By 1801, the subsidies due under the various treaties for support of a British force had fallen into hopeless arrears. In order to defray the debt, Nawab Saadat Ali Khan surrendered Rohilkhand to the East India Company by the treaty of November 10, 1801.

During this period too, Bareilly retained its status as a mint. Emperor Akbar and his descendants minted gold and silver coins at mints in Bareilly. The Afghan conqueror Ahmed Shah Durani too minted gold and silver coins at the Bareilly mint.

During the time of Shah Alam II, Bareilly was the headquarters of Rohilla Sardar Hafiz Rehmat Khan and many more coins were issued. After that, the city was in possession of Awadh Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah. The coins that he issued had Bareilly, Bareilly Aasfabad, and Bareilly kite and fish as identification marks. After that, the minting of coins passed on to the East India Company.

The Rohillas, after fifty years' precarious independence, were subjugated in 1774 by the confederacy of British troops with the nawab of Oudh's army, which formed so serious a charge against Warren Hastings. Their territory was in that year annexed to Oudh. In 1801 the nawab of Oudh ceded it to the Company in commutation of the subsidy money.

Modern Period

A 1912 map of 'Northern India The Revolt of 1857-59' showing the centres of rebellion including the principal ones: Meerut, Delhi, Bareilly, (Kanpur), Lucknow, Jhansi, and Gwalior

After the Rohilla War, the change of the power structure did little to soothe the troubled strife torn area; rather the change had the effect to aggravate a precarious state of affairs. There was a general spirit of discontent throughout the district. In 1812, an inordinate enhancement in the revenue demand and then in 1814 the imposition of a new house tax caused a lot of resentment against the British. "Business stood still, shops were shut and multitudes assembled near the courthouse to petition for the abolition of the tax." The Magistrate, Dembleton, already an unpopular man made things worse by ordering the assessment to be made by a Kotwal. In the skirmish that took place between the rebel masses and the sepoys under Captain Cunningham, three or four hundred people died. In 1818, Glyn was posted as Acting Judge, and the Magistrate of Bareilly, and the Joint Magistrate of Bulundshahr.

In a research ordered by Glyn asking Ghulam Yahya to write an account about 'craftsmen, the names of tools of manufacture and production and their dress and manners', eleven trades found out to be most popular means of livelihood in and around Bareilly in the 1820s were glass manufacture, manufacture of glass bangles, manufacture of lac bangles, crimping, gram parching, wire drawing, charpoy weaving, manufacture of gold and silver thread, keeping a grocer’s shop, making jewellery and selling kab¹bs.

Bareilly (Rohilkhand) was a major centre during The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ( also known as India's First War of Independence). The Rebellion which began as a mutiny of native soldiers (sepoys) employed by the British East India Company's army, against perceived race based injustices and inequities, on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut, soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions which were mainly centered on north central India along the several major river valleys draining the south face of the Himalayas [See red annotated locations on Map at right] but with local episodes extending both northwest to Peshawar on the north-west frontier with Afghanistan and southeast beyond Delhi. Communal hatred led to ugly communal riots in many parts of U.P. The green flag was hoisted and Muslims in Bareilly, Bijnor, Moradabad, and other places the Muslims shouted for the revival of Muslim kingdom.

Bareilly was made the part of United Provinces of Agra and Oudh

During the Mutiny of 1857 the Rohillas took a very active part against the English, but since then they have been disarmed. Khan Badur Khan Rohilla, the grandson of Hafiz Rahmat Khan formed his own government in Bareilly in 1857 Indian revolt against British. There was a widespread popular revolt in many areas such as Awadh, Bundelkhand and Rohilkhand. The rebellion was therefore more than just a military rebellion, and it spanned more than one region.

During the First War of Indian Independence in 1857, Khan Bhadur Khan issued silver coins from Bareilly as an independent ruler. These coins are a novelty as far as the numismatist is concerned.

When the Indian Rebellion of 1857 failed Bareilly, too, was subjugated. Khan Bahadur Khan was sentenced to death and hanged in the Kotwali on February 24, 1860.

The main conflict occurred largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British East Indian Company power in that region, and it was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858. Some regard the rebellion as the first of several movements over ninety years to achieve independence, which was finally achieved in 1947.

The population in 1901 was 1,090,117. Bareilly, also, was the headquarters of a brigade in the 7th division of the eastern army corps in British period.

Geography

Bareilly is located at 28°10′N, 78°23′E, and lies in northern India. It borders Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur on East and Rampur on west, Udham Singh Nagar(Uttarakhand) in North and Badaun in South. It is a level terrain, watered by many streams, the general slope being towards the south. The soil is fertile and highly cultivated, groves of noble trees abound, and the villages have a neat, prosperous look. A tract of forest jungle, called the tarai, stretches along the extreme north of the district, and teems with large game, such as tigers, bears, deer, wild pigs, &c. The river Sarda or Gogra forms the eastern boundary of the district and is the principal stream. Next in importance is the Ramganga, which receives as its tributaries most of the hill torrents of the Kumaon mountains. The Deoha is another great drainage artery and receives many minor streams. The Gomati or Gumti also passes through the district.

Climate

Bareilly has a humid subtropical climate with high variation between summer and winter temperatures. Summers are long, from early April to October, with the monsoon season in between. Winter starts in October and peaks in January and is notorious for its heavy fog. Extreme temperatures range from 4 °C to 44 °C. The annual mean temperature is 25 °C (77 °F), monthly mean temperatures range from 14 °C to 33 °C (58 °F to 92 °F). The average annual rainfall is approximately 1714 mm (28.1 inches), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.

Envioronment

Bareilly is known to have moderate climate. The city lies entirely in the Ganges plains. The low-lying Ganges plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for agriculture. However, these some lower part of plains are prone to recurrent floods. Bareilly lies on the bank of river Ramganga and there are seven rivers passing through this district. The lower Himalayan range is just 40 km from it and it lies in north of it.

Demographics

According to the 2005 census report of the Government of India, the total population of Bareilly City Region (Bareilly Municipal Corporation and Bareilly Cantt.) is 875,165 having distribution as 53% males and 47% females nearly. The area under the city region is 123.46 km². The density of the population is among the high in the country touching 5000 per km².

Religion in Bareilly
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			62%
Islam			26%
Sikh			10%
Others			2%

Hindus form 62% of population. The main population consists of Jatavs and Balmikis, and other castes such as the Baniyas, Kurmi, Thakurs, Kayasthas & Punjabis.

Muslims contribute 26%, mainly Ansari, Behna, Rohilla, Rayeen, Ranghar and Shaikh) of the population. Sikhs form about 10% of population and rest are jain ,buddhist and Christians.

Bareilly has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%, with 88% of the males and 65% of females literate making it under top three districts in terms of literacy in Uttar Pradesh. The main languages spoken are Hindi, English, Urdu, Punjabi, and Kumaoni.

For administrative convenience, the district of Bareilly has been divided into six tehsils namely Bareilly(Main), Aonla, Faridpur, Mirganj, Nawabganj, and Baheri and 14 blocks.

Culture and contemporary life

Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather

— Tom Wolfe

Entertainment and performing arts

The city has many arts and cultural organizations with many art galleries and theaters all around the city. The 'Craft Fair' organized each year at YugVeena Library serves as a platform for many artist to get recognition. Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants from nearby region, Bareilly has a mix of different cultures including Brij culture (of Mathura), Awadhi culture (of Lucknow), Pahaari culture of Kumaun region (Uttrakhand) and Harayanvi Culture (of North-West Uttar Pradesh). It is this blend of these culture that give the local culture a unique ting of everything.

Many Bollywood movie including 'Woh 5 Din', a suspense thriller, have been shot in Bareilly. The 2005 movie Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh also makes a reference of Rajpal Yadav (Mitlesh)'s wife Veena (Rituparna Sengupta) being from Bareilly and he coming all the way to the city for the marriage.

Cuisine

A makeline at a Domino's

With a large food-loving population, Bareilly has many strange sounding, well-known eateries, which follow the age-old tradition of naming the cuisine after the creator. 'Deenanath ki lassi', 'Chhotelal ki tikki' and 'Chaman ki chaat' are few along many age old established eat-outs. A number of restaurants, too, can be found throughout the city. 'Swarn Tower', 'Bareilly Palace', 'Amber', 'Pancham', 'Cocktails and Curries', 'Krishna'z restaurant', 'The Host', 'Kwality', 'Vestal', 'Aabodaana' and 'Bikaneri' are some of the few good restro s in town.

Domino's Pizza and Baskin Robbins (both in D.D.Puram) are two Multi-National Food chains which have there establishment in the city. Many other major food chain gaints as McDonald's, KFC, Pizza Hut have also expressed interest in opening outlets in the city.

Sports

Bareilly lacks high class infrastructure of sports. The city houses two sports stadiums and one cricket academy namely:

• Dori Lal Agarawal Sports Stadium, City Area, Bareilly
• Major Dhyan Chand Sports Stadium, Cantonment Area, Bareilly
• Cricket Academy of Bareilly (CAB) Near MB Inter College Bareilly

The city is represented in the various sports tournament by different local level club teams and teams representing schools and colleges. Although most have the colleges have their home grounds for practice sessions in their respective colleges.

In the 19th Commonwealth Games held in New Delhi, Imran Khan of Bareilly won a Gold Medal in Shooting. Since then Ms Mayawati, the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh has committed to promote sports and provide all facilities to the sportspersons.

Hang-outs and Parks

Phool Bagh Fountain.

Bareilly has two World-class Amusement parks located inside a single premises. Fun City and Boond Water Park are the most famous hang-outs for most of the people of the City and near by areas. The two facility attract a lot of tourists and visitors to the city everyday. The parks are located on the University Road and are well within the residential limits of the main city. The guest may purchase rides individually, either at the attraction's entrance or by purchasing ride tickets (or a similar exchange method, like a token) or through the pay-one-price format, which charges guests a single, large admission fee. The guest is then entitled to use all or more often almost all of the attractions in the park as often as they wish during their visit. The park usually has some attractions that are not included in the admission charge; these are called "up-charge attractions" and includes go-kart tracks and some other Water sports.

Butler Plaza, Civil Lines, D.D. Puram Market and Vishal Mega Mart (located on the Patel Chowk - Choupla road) are considered to be a shoppers' paradise and great hang-outs.

Bareilly, also, have a plethora of other well-maintained parks including-

• Children's Park, Cantonment
• Phool Bagh, Cantonment
• Company Garden, Civil Lines
• C L Park, Prem Nagar
• Mayur Van Chetna Kendra, University Road
• Maharaja Agrasen Park, Rampur Garden
• Akshar Vihar
• Lichi bagh, Quila

A kite shop in India

Specialties

Bareilly is famous for its Zari work, (a type of fabric decoration), 'Jhumka' - an intricate ear-rings or ear-pendants, Manja and Surma (Kohl (cosmetics).

'Luddhi Manja' (the glass powder coated kite flying and fighting string) thriving on a secret recipe of rice, fevicol and glass is one of the specialties of the City. It is considered to be of a top notch quantity and is in demand in major towns (including Delhi and Mumbai) during Makar Sankranti and Independence Day by the name 'Bareilly ka Manja'.

Sweltering summers in Bareilly can be tackled with the famous 'Deenanath ki lassi', a creamy preparation distinct in flavour from the Punjabi drink and with a heavy dose of essence prepared in-house. For those into lip-smacking kind of food, it's 'Chhotelal ki tikki' and 'Chaman ki chaat'.

References in music

Several Bollywood songs have references to Bareilly and its musical genres such as jhumka and kajra.

• The "Barra Bazaar"(Market) of Bareilly was widely praised during the Mughal Period. Owing to the popularity of the Market (Bazar) the song "Jhumka Gira Re, Bareilly ke Bazar mein" (from the movie "Mera Saaya" and sung by Asha Bhosle, written by Shakeel Badaunee) recalls the name of this wondrous market.

• "Surma bareilly waala ankhiyon mein aisa daala", a song from the movie Kismat and sung by Asha Bhosle and Shamshad Begum also have references about Bareilly in the line - "Jhumka Bareilly waala kaanon mein aisa daala. Jhumke ne le li meri jaan, haai re main tere qurbaan."

• The recent song "Aaja Nachle" (from the movie Aaja Nach Le - featuring Madhuri Dixit) also uses the connection of Jhumka with Bareilly.

• In the movie U Me Aur Hum - "New Delhi mein Bareilly Jaisa Saiyaan" (featuring Kajol and Ajay Devgan).

• In the movie Jail - "Bareilly Ke bazaar mein" (featuring Neil Nitin Mukesh directed by Madhur BHandarkar).

Politics

The 15th Lok Sabha Election for the MP from Bareilly was won by Mr. Praveen Singh Airan of the Indian National Congress. Bareilly, always has been a battle ground for the INC and the saffron parties. Regional parties like Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party have limited influence.

Bareilly had been a stronghold of the Bharatiya Janata Party for 20 years(1989–2009). During this period both the Member of Parliament (MP) and Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) was from the Bharatiya Janata Party. Bareilly witnessed a strong emergence of Hindu nationalism movement during the last two decades accompanied by the growth of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Vishva Hindu Parishad and Bajrang Dal in the region.

Santosh Gangwar is a prominent leader and former Member of Parliament from the city of Bareilly, who had been the M.P. for 20 years(1989–2009). He had been a former minister of state in Government of India, holding the portfolio of Minister of State for Petroleum & Natural Gas with additional charge of Parliament Affairs in 13th Lok Sabhaminister of state in Government of India. Prior to this, Shri Gangwar was Minister of State of Science & Technology with additional charge of Parliamentary Affairs from Oct. 1999 to Nov. 1999.

He was also the chief whip of the of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in 14th Lok Sabha. He faced defeat in the 15th Lok Sabha Elections, 2009 by a very narrow margin.

Here is a list of the MPs of the city-

Year(s) of Election Victory	Member of Parliament	Political Party
1952, 1957	Mr. Satish Chandra	Indian National Congress
1962	Mr. Brij Raj Singh	Jan Sangh
1967	Mr. Brij Bhushan Lal	Jan Sangh
1971	Mr. Satish Chandra	Indian National Congress
1977	Mr. Ram Murti	Janata Party
1980, 1984	Begam Abida Ahmed	Indian National Congress
1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004	Mr. Santosh Kumar Gangwar	Bharatiya Janata Party
2009	Mr. Praveen Singh Airan	Indian National Congress

Economy

Since the period of Liberalization in India, Bareilly is one of the fastest growing cities in the region on account of its booming economy. Trade and commerce have flourished in the urban city and followed diversification, though the rural economy of the district is largely agrarian.

Following the foray of Multi-national corporations in the city, a significant capital infusion and various investments have occurred throughout the city in different sectors. Bareilly, today, has most of the major global apparel brands including Adidas, Reebok, Levi's. Reebok has also opened their Factory Outlet in Bareilly which is located at Pilibhit By-Pass Road. Nike is to open a outlet soon. Accompanying these are all other well-known clothing, footwear and accessory brands which have their authorized show-rooms and commercial outlets in the 'Civil Lines areas' and 'D.D.Puram area' of the city.

Most of the major automobile companies like Toyota, Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki, General Motors, Hyundai, Honda have their showrooms and service centres in the city.

The first mall of the city, Amrapali Multiplex Mall (set to open at Diwali(2010)- is located in Lohia Vihar residential area at 7-km. stone, NH-24 (Delhi Road). It will comprise of a three-screen multiplex Star world cinema(with Digital Visual and sound System, beautiful interiors and ambience, comfortable and spacious seats). It will also house a McDonald's, three-star hotel, bookstores, toy shops, multi-cuisine restaurants, coffee bars, fruit & ice-cream parlours, pick & carry counters, fashion & garment stores, jewellery & cosmetics, electronics section, stationery shops, leather products & footwear, and home products.

Many other malls are under-construction in the city including Aditya Magnet (along with three-screen PVR - by 2011), Jewel of India Mall (Suncity Projects - by 2011), Big Apple Mall (Big Apple Real Estate - by 2011), Reliance StarCity (by 2012), J.J. mall (second). The present commercial complexes of the city include Butler Plaza, JJ Mall, Vishal Megamart, CL Mall (Adidas), Weekender, Reebok, NewYork Max,D'Cot stylewear in Hind Talkies Building Market -Civil Lines(Owned by Abhay Kumar Agarwal) and Selection Point Tower,Amrapali Mall.

Many high rise buildings like Tulip Towers are also under-constructions in the city.Many other builders are also launching their township projects.

The Indian government initiated the ten per cent ethanol-blending programme on a pilot basis in two districts - Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh and Belgaum in Karnataka. Bareilly also has CNG and Auto-LPG outlets operated by Satya Service station owned by Hon. Shri Raj Kumar Agarwal, first mayor of the city. Bareilly became the first district in India to implement Bio-fuel norms.

In 2009, Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) moved a step ahead in implementing the franchisee system in the power sector of the state. Under the new system, private players will be awarded contract to maintain and supply power in nine cities of the state. The same companies will be the outsource points for collecting revenue on behalf of the state government. The system will be implemented in nine cities of the state on a pilot basis. Bareilly, Agra, Kanpur, Moradabad and Gorakhpur will be covered in the first phase.

Corporate giant Hindustan Unilever has undertaken contract farming of rice in Bareilly and Punjab and its success has ensured low-cost, better-quality produce for its products. The company now plans to extend the experiment but feels an enabling environment in terms of agri-laws and infrastructure facilities is required for the purpose.

Travel and transport

National Highway 24
Road map of India with National Highway 24 highlighted in solid blue color
Location
Country	India
Highway system
Roads in India Expressways National State Asian

Road

The main "Inter-city Satellite Bus Stand" is located just outside the city on the intersection of National Highway 24 (India) and Pilibhit By-pass Road (National Highway 74 (India)). This is a new improvement over the cramped older Bus Stand located near Kotwali. The "Old Bus Stand" still serves much traffic and state owned buses starting from the city (towards Delhi).

An excellent truck stationing and repairing facility known as "Transport Nagar" has also been developed on the Pilibhit By-pass Road (National Highway 74 (India)), serving lorries and hauliers.

Railway

Bareilly Railway Station (Junction).

Currently, six railway stations serve the city -

• Bareilly Junction (serving both the Broad and Standard gauge),
• C.B. Ganj Station (serving the Broad gauge),
• Chenheti Station (serving the Broad gauge),
• mohammadpur station(serving the Broad gauge),
• City Station (serving the Standard gauge),
• Izzatnagar Station (serving the Standard gauge).
• Bhojipura Station (serving the Standard gauge)

Bareilly is well connected by Rail to New Delhi- the Capital of India, Lucknow- the Capital of Uttar Pradesh, Ahmedabad, Jammu tavi, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Kolkata, Aligarh, Mathura, Kathgodam(near Nainital) etc.

New Delhi (just 250 km.), the capital of India, is an important Station near Bareilly from where trains to Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and to most of the places in India are available.

Air

The Military Trishul Air-base, located at on the outskirts of the city is used by officials to have infrequent flight links to New Delhi. Currently there is no commercial service from this airport.

Bareilly is currently served by Indira Gandhi International Airport (in New Delhi) and Amausi Airport (in Lucknow) (both at a distance of 250 K.M.). A new domestic airport is being planned by the government.

Intra-city

• The intra-city transport network is serviced by city buses connecting important points within the city.

• The city is also served by private but unregulated auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws.

Health care

Conventional treatment

Bareilly is among one of the leading cities of Uttar Pradesh in terms of medical facilities, the city serves as a gateway to the patients of the Kumaun, Rohilkhand, and West Nepal region. In the vedic period Bareilly was famous for Ayurvedic treatment. The Ayurvedic practitioners of that period so much promoted the cultivation of Aonla, popularly known as Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica, syn. Emblica officinalis) at the outskirts of the Bareilly that entire area was later named as Aonla. Another town which is called Baheri these days was solely dependent on the cultivation of Teminalia Belerica - Bahera; and eventually was named on the plants grown here. Another famous town of Bareilly is Haroda that traditionally grown Harrada medicinal plants, scientifically known as terminalia chebula (also as Bal Harad, or Choti Harra). In the Medieval period the Muslim rulers promoted Ancient Unani treatment called Hikmat, Tibb or Tibia. Certain families became very famous for their diagnostic skills and were eventually awarded titles of Hakim-ul-Mulk (Doctor of the Country) by the Rohilla rulers.

During the British period initially nothing was done till late 1857. Suddenly on 14 May 1857 the great mutiny started here and entire Rohilla population rose against the Englishmen. As a result every day massive injuries and corpse collection dis balanced the administration. The city of Bareilly remained under revolutionary seize for almost an year. And after that began the punitive season. Hundreds of revolutionaries faced summary trials and after a brief medical examination all were hanged onto trees in the surrounding areas. Later they were again medically examined and handed over to the claimants. A makeshift medical examination facility was erected near Kotwali area in the city, with almost half a dozen sweepers to assist the medical examination process of the injured and the dead. Since the rebellion continued for long hence this temporary facility eventually got a tin shed medical dispensary soon.

For another fifty years this facility grew very slowly. With the spread of some infectious and contagious diseases later the administrators kept on adding this insignificant set up in such a way that it later served the wounded British officers and Sepoys during the World War II, then it had an emergency operation theater equipped with a portable Crookes X-ray machine to investigate fractures. However this costly X-ray diagnosis was available to only white officers and soldiers. Nothing much is known about the present District/Civil Hospital and its growth later. There is no recorded evidence available so far. Right now the city has two medical colleges, one dental college, one ayurvedic college. Recently Shri Siddhi Vinayak Hospital has been opened in the city which has uptill now proved to be the best Trauma center in Bareilly District specializes in Orthopedic Surgeries. Bareilly have good diagnostic facilities like 1.5 Tesla MRI system and quality MRI reporting by expert MR radiologists like Dr. P.K.Singh from PGIMS Rohtak also trained at PGI chandigarh. At present Bareilly have two medical colleges and two dental colleges by name of SRMS medical college and Rohelkhand medical college. One More Medical college also shortly expected in association with mission hospital.Bareilly is also blessed with the best prediatic centers like:DR.AMIT AGARWAL CHILDCARE CENTER AND GENERAL HOSPITAL,NBCC OF DR.RAVI KHANNA. In Bareilly Dr Lal's Path Lab, Religare Path lab are also providing there services in addition to many locally based pathology Labs. Dr Rekha Singh graduate and postgraduate from IMS BHU, S.R from Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi and Faculty PGIMS, Rohtak taken charge of Chief of Lal's Lab Bareilly.

Education

Main article: List of education institutes in Bareilly

Bareilly is an educational hub of Western Uttar Pradesh with multiple universities and research institutes.

Bareilly College, located in the heart of city, is among the oldest educational institutions in India, built prior to the Revolt of 1857. Bareilly is a seat of M. J. P. Rohilkhand University and it also hosts Indian Veterinary Research Institute and Central Avian Research Institute.(in Izzatnagar). The city holds numerous Engineering Colleges, Management Colleges, Law Colleges, Medical Colleges, and also there are colleges running general courses. Bareilly College is a college with historical importance.

Bareilly College, Bareilly

File:IDS.jpg

Institute Of Dental Sciences, Bareilly

Hartmann College, a leading School in Bareilly

Some important Colleges in the city are -

• Institute Of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit Road
• Rohilkhand Medical College, Pilibhit Road

Some important Schools in the city are -

• Hartmann College, Izzatnagar
• Vidya Bhavans Public School, Pilibhit Road
• Bishop Conrad Senior Secondary school, cantt
• St. Maria Gorretti Girls College, Cantt
• St. Francis Convet School, Pilibhit Road
• Bishop Conrad Sr. Sec. School, Dohna
• KV Air Force Station, Pilibhit Road
• G.P.M. College, Civil Lines
• Radha Madhav Public School, Bisalpur Road
• Delhi Public School, Delhi Road
• BBL Public School, Nainital Road
• Sri Gulab Rai Inter College,Bareilly
• Govt. Boys & Girls Inter College
• Jay Narayan Inter College, University Road
• Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Nainital Road
• Alma Mater Day Boarding School, Kurmanchal Nagar
• Fazal ur Rehmaan Islamia Girls & Boys Inter College
• Manohar Bhushan Intermediate College
• Tilak Inter College,Bareilly
• Government Girls Inter College, Bareilly
• Harrow School , D.D puram Bareilly
• Sprindale School , Bareilly

Radio stations & communication networks

• Radio stations in Bareilly:

Radio Station (F.M.)	Frequency	Owner
Radio Mantra	91.9 MHz	Jagran Group
Big 92.7 FM	92.7 MHz	A.D.A.G. Group
FM Prasaar Bharti	100.4 MHz	All India Radio

• Communication networks

One can find services of most Tele-communication Network provider in Bareilly. Bareilly lies at the eastern boundary of "Uttar Pradesh West telecom Circle" and thus even calls to neighhouring districts including Shahjahanpur and beyond are considered long-distance and STD rates are applicable. However, calls in "U.P. West and Uttarakhand telecom circle" are considered local and thus local charges are applicable.

• Wireless communication networks (GSM):
  • Idea Cellular (formerly Escotel)
  • Cellone
  • Airtel
  • Aircel
  • Reliance GSM
  • Vodafone(formerly Hutch)
  • TataDOCOMO
  • UniNOR

• Wireless communication networks (CDMA):
  • Reliance India Mobile
  • Virgin Mobile
  • Tata Indicom
  • BSNL WLL

• Broadband service providers:
  • BSNL Broadband
  • Sify iWay

Defense installations

Jat Regiment Centre

Bareilly is the regimental centre and a major settlement of the Jat Regiment, which is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army. The regiment has won 19 battle honours between 1839 to 1947 and post independence five battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena Medals.

Trishul Air-base

Bareilly has an air-base known as Trishul Air-base of the Indian Air Force. The Trishul Air-base has a squadron of the state-of-the-art fighters, the Sukhois and the heptor squadrons.

Others

Bareilly has regional Headquarters of Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and Border Security Force (BSF).

Hindu temples

Bareilly is also home to a host of Hindu temples. Four Nath (Shiva) temples are situated on the city's four corners: the Alakhnath, Trivatinath, Madhinath, and Dhopeshwarnath temples.

Another historical temple of Lord Shiva is in Lala Champak Rai Ki Bagia near Alakhnath temple in front of the Ganga Temple. It is roughly 200 years old. Due to limited access, having no paved roads leading up to it, is frequented by fewer devotess than its more popular counterparts.It is also referred to as the Jagannath Temple.

Near the Alakhnath Temple is the Tulsi Math. Tulsidas, the acclaimed writer of the Ramacharitamanas, said to have been the re-incarnation of Valmiki, the author of the Ramayana, made this site his home sometime around 1600 CE.

Another culturally significant temple is the Chunne Miyan's Lakshmi Narayan Temple (located in Katra Manrya street near Bara Bazar). Its origin dates back to the time when Hindus migrating from the recently formed Pakistan at the time of independence in 1947, came to settle in Bareilly. These Hindu migrants built a small place of worship amongst some existing ruins but later discovered that the place belonged to Fazal-ul-Rahman, whose nickname 'Chunne Miyan'. He filed a claim against the illegal occupation of the land. Meanwhile, the proceedings of the temple continued. Once, HarMilapi ji Maharaj came from Haridwar to deliver a holy Sermon . Chunne Miyan was so impressed by his sermon that he decided not only to withdraw the case but also gave financial aid for the construction of the temple . Since then the temple is popularly known as chunne miyan's mandir' and is situated in the Katra maanrai region of Koharapeer.

There is another reputed temple of Lord Doopeshwarnath which is considered the place where Draupadi and Dhrishtadyumna were born by a grace of Lord Shiva in the Mahābhārata era.

There is another famous Temple in Bareilly situated in Rajendra Nagar "Bankey Bihari Mandir". Bankey Bihari Mandir is very beautiful temple in Bareilly.

Places of importance

• Research institute
  • Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar (one of the biggest in Asia)

• Museums
  • Army Service Corps. Museum, Cantonment
  • Panchala Museum, University Campus

• Historical sites
  • Ramnagar Fort, 25 km Aonla
  • Teerthankar Temple, Ramnagar 25 km Aonla
  • Suhag Barat Ghar, Stadium Road ,Bareilly
  • Hanuman Coal Depot, Civil Lines
• Malls
  • Amrapali Multiplex Mall (completed) with three screen M.2.M., Lohia Vihar residential colony, NH-24(Delhi Road)
  • Aditya magnet mall
  • Jewel India mall
  • Butler Plaza
  • JJ Mall

• Hindu and Sikh temples
  • Shri Chote Dauji ka Mandire, Sahukara ,Sethon Gali
  • Shri Bankey Bihari Temple, Rajendra Nagar
  • Lakshmi Narayan Temple (Chunna Miyan Mandir), Koharapeer
  • Dhopeshwar Nath Temple, sadar, Cantonment
  • Ancient Shiv Temple B.I. Bazar, Cantonment
  • Alak Nath Temple, Nainital Road
  • Gurudwara Guru Teg Bahadhur Sahib, Farashi Tola
  • Trivatinath Temple, BDA Colony
  • Chunna Miyan Jii ka Mandir, Bara Bazar
  • Pashupati Nath Temple, University Road
  • Bhole Nath Temple, Kurmanchal Nagar
  • Bhagwaan Mahaveer Temple, Rampur Garden
  • Bada Gurudwara, Model Town
  • Anand Ashram, Rampur Garden
  • Hanuman Temple Near Hartmann College Bareilly
  • Shri Sai Mandir Shastri Ngr, Bareilly
  • Thapeswarnath shubhash nagar Bareilly
  • Bankhandinath Near suresh sharma nagar

Church At Bareilly

Church At Bareilly

• Churches and mosques
  • Christ Methodist Church, Chaoki Choraha (front of Butler Plaza)
  • Freewill Baptist Church, Cantonment
  • Church of North India, Cantonment
  • Cathedral of St. Alphonsus de Ligouri, seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bareilly
  • Dargah Ala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan, Saudagaran
  • Dargah Hazrat Shah Sharafat Miyan, Shahbad
  • Bibi ji ki Masjid (wife of Rohella Nawab Hafiz Remat Kahn Saheb)

• Parks
  • Children's Park, Cantonment
  • Phool Bagh, Cantonment
  • Company Garden, Civil Lines
  • C L Park, Prem Nagar
  • Mayur Van Chetna Kendra, University Road
  • Maharaja Agrasen Park, Rampur Garden Bareilly
  • Akshar vihar
  • Lichi bagh, Quila Bareilly

• Amusement parks
  • Fun City, University Road
  • Boond Water Park, University Road

• Bareilly Bazaar
  • Regardless of where you loose your earring (Jhumka), this is the place you often look for it.

External links

• Website of Bareilly News
• Official Website of Bareilly
• Bareilly Development Authority
• Bareilly Municipal Corporation
• Bareilly Cantonment Board
• Indian Veterinary Research Institute
• MJP Rohilkhand University
• One Bareilly