Demographics of Canada

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1851	7	—
1861	8	+14.3%
1871 udiuasydfiosdyfiodu	1881	—
4325000	1891	—
4833000	1901	—
5371000	1911	—
7207000	1921	—
8788000	1931	—
10377000	1941	—
11507000	1951	—
14009000	1961	—
18238000	1971	—
21962000	1981	—
24820000	1991	—
28031000	2001	—
31021000	2011	—
33476688		—
Source: Statistics Canada

This article sajeevan nadarajah : Population of Canada 2011: 33,476,688 (2011 Census)

Provinces and territories

Province or territory	Population	Percentage of national pop.	Total area (km2)	Population density	Seats in House of Commons	People per House Seat
Ontario	12,851,821	38.39%	1,076,395	12.19	106	123,767
Quebec	7,903,001	23.61%	1,365,128	5.76	75	104,758
British Columbia	4,479,934	13.14%	925,186	4.84	36	124,443
Alberta	3,645,257	10.89%	642,317	5.77	28	132,285
Manitoba	1,208,268	3.61%	553,556	2.22	14	87,585
Saskatchewan	1,033,381	3.09%	591,670	1.75	14	73,927
Nova Scotia	921,727	2.75%	53,338	17.63	11	85,491
New Brunswick	751,171	2.24%	71,450	10.50	10	75,046
Newfoundland and Labrador	514,536	1.54%	373,872	1.36	7	72,896
Prince Edward Island	140,204	0.42%	5,660	24.98	4	35,344
Northwest Territories	41,462	0.12%	1,183,085	0.037	1	43,244
Yukon	33,897	0.10%	474,391	0.072	1	33,963
Nunavut	31,906	0.09%	1,936,113	0.017	1	32,435
Canada	33,476,688	100%	9,252,161	3.73	308	109,167

Sources: Statistics Canada

Cities

Template:Largest cities of Canada

Largest metropolitan areas in Canada 2021 Canadian census
Rank	Name	Province	Pop.	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
1	Toronto	Ontario	6,202,225	11	London	Ontario	543,551
2	Montreal	Quebec	4,291,732	12	Halifax	Nova Scotia	465,703
3	Vancouver	British Columbia	2,642,825	13	Niagara Region	Ontario	433,604
4	Ottawa–Gatineau	Ontario–Quebec	1,488,307	14	Windsor	Ontario	422,630
5	Calgary	Alberta	1,481,806	15	Oshawa	Ontario	415,311
6	Edmonton	Alberta	1,418,118	16	Victoria	British Columbia	397,237
7	Quebec City	Quebec	839,311	17	Saskatoon	Saskatchewan	317,480
8	Winnipeg	Manitoba	834,678	18	Regina	Saskatchewan	249,217
9	Hamilton	Ontario	785,184	19	Sherbrooke	Quebec	227,398
10	Waterloo Region	Ontario	575,847	20	Kelowna	British Columbia	222,162

Median age

Population pyramid in 2010

• total: 40.6 years
  • male: 39.6 years
  • female: 41.5 years (2011)

Median age by province and territory, 2011 Census

1. Newfoundland and Labrador: 44.0
2. Nova Scotia: 43.7
3. New Brunswick:43.7
4. Prince Edward Island: 42.8
5. Quebec: 41.9
6. British Columbia: 41.9
7. Ontario: 40.4
8. Yukon: 39.1
9. Manitoba: 38.4
10. Saskatchewan: 38.2
11. Alberta: 36.5
12. Northwest Territories: 32.3
13. Nunavut: 24.1

Total: 40.6

Sources: Statistics Canada

Population growth rates

Further information: List of population of Canada by years

See also: List of Canadian provinces and territories by population

According to OECD/World Bank the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4% growth in population compared to 21.7% growth in the USA and 31.2% growth in Mexico. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990–2008 the world population growth was 27% and 1,423 million people.

Rank	Province or Territory	2011 pop.	2006 pop.	Growth	% Change	Percentage of national pop.
1	Ontario	12,851,821	12,160,282	691,539	5.7	38.39%
2	Quebec	7,903,001	7,546,131	356,870	4.7	23.61%
3	Alberta	3,645,257	3,290,350	354,907	10.8	10.89%
4	British Columbia	4,400,057	4,113,487	286,570	7.0	13.14%
5	Saskatchewan	1,033,381	968,157	65,224	6.7	3.09%
6	Manitoba	1,208,268	1,148,401	59,867	5.2	3.61%
7	New Brunswick	751,171	729,997	21,174	2.9	2.24%
8	Newfoundland and Labrador	514,536	505,469	9,067	1.8	1.54%
9	Nova Scotia	921,727	913,462	8,265	0.9	2.75%
10	Prince Edward Island	140,204	135,851	4,353	3.2	0.42%
11	Yukon	33,897	30,372	3,525	11.6	0.10%
12	Nunavut	31,906	29,474	2,432	8.3	0.09%
13	Northwest Territories	41,462	41,464	−2	0.0	0.12%
Total	Canada	33,476,688	31,612,897	1,863,791	5.9	100.00%

Derived from: Statistics Canada – (table) Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2011 and 2006 Censuses – 100% Data

Last modified (by source): N/A
Compiled/added to Wikipedia: 2007-07-22

Vital statistics

Birth rate: 10.28 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Death rate: 8.20 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Net migration rate: 5.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Urbanization:

• urban population: 81% of total population (2010)
• rate of urbanization: 1.1% annual rate of change (2010-2015 est.)

Sex ratio:

• at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
• under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
• 15 – 24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
• 25 - 54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
• 55 - 64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
• total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Maternal mortality rate: 12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 4.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

Life expectancy:

• total population: 81.57 years
• male: 78.98 years
• female: 84.31 years (2013 est.)

Age structure:

• 0–14 years: 16.1% (male 2,761,711/female 2,626,836)
• 15–64 years: 68.7% (male 11,633,950/female 11,381,735)
• 65 years and over: 15.2% (male 2,220,189/female 2,862,787) (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.59 children born/woman (2013 est.)

Health expenditures: 11.3% of GDP (2010)

Population projection

US Census Bureau, 2010 est.

Year	Pop.	±%
2020	36,387,000	—
2030	38,565,000	+6.0%
2040	40,070,000	+3.9%
2050	41,136,000	+2.7%

Population projections - High-growth scenario (Statistics Canada)

Year	Pop.	±%
2011	33,470,000	—
2021	39,110,000	+16.9%
2031	44,430,000	+13.6%
2041	49,900,000	+12.3%
2051	56,070,000	+12.4%
2061	63,000,000	+12.4%

Ethnicity

Ethnic origin

Main article: Ethnic origins of people in Canada

Canadians were able to self-identify one or more ethnic origins in the 2006 census. Percentages therefore add up to more than 100%. The most common response was 'Canadian'. As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethnocultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify.

Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, approximately 28% of the population will be foreign-born. The number of people belonging to visible minority groups will double, and make up the majority of the population in Toronto and Vancouver.

Single responses: 18.40% of respondents gave a single response of 'Canadian', while a further 13.82% identified with both 'Canadian', and one or more other ancestries. 4.38% of respondents gave a single response of English, 3.94% gave a single response of French, 3.63% gave a single response of Chinese, 2.50% gave a single response of East Indian, 2.37% gave a single response of Italian, 2.15% gave a single response of German, 1.82% gave a single response of Scottish, 1.64% gave a single response of North American Indian, 1.57% gave a single response of Irish, and 1.03% gave a single response of Filipino; following are those that have given a single answer of Jamaican, North American Indian, Ukrainian, Greek, and Jewish.

Multiple responses: Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnic origins were (2006):

Ethnic origin	%	Population	Area of largest proportion
Canadian	32.22%	10,066,290	Quebec (66.2%)
English	21.03%	6,570,015	Newfoundland and Labrador (43.2%)
French	15.82%	4,941,210	Quebec (28.9%)
Scottish	15.11%	4,719,850	Prince Edward Island (40.5%)
Irish	13.94%	4,354,155	Prince Edward Island (29.2%)
German	10.18%	3,179,425	Saskatchewan (30.0%)
Italian	4.63%	1,445,335	Ontario (7.2%)
Chinese	4.31%	1,346,510	British Columbia (10.6%)
North American Indian	4.01%	1,253,615	Northwest Territories (36.5%)
Ukrainian	3.87%	1,209,085	Manitoba (14.8%)
Dutch (Netherlands)	3.32%	1,035,965	Alberta (5.3%)
Polish	3.15%	984,565	Manitoba (7.3%)
East Indian	3.08%	962,665	British Columbia (5.7%)
Russian	1.60%	500,600	Manitoba (4.3%)
Arabs	1.51%	470,580	Quebec (2.8%)
Welsh	1.41%	440,965	Yukon (3.1%)
Filipino	1.40%	436,190	Manitoba (3.5%)
Norwegian	1.38%	432,515	Saskatchewan (7.2%)
Portuguese	1.32%	410,850	Ontario (2.4%)
Métis	1.31%	409,065	Northwest Territories (6.9%)
British, not included elsewhere	1.29%	403,915	Yukon (2.3%)
Swedish	1.07%	334,765	Saskatchewan (3.5%)
Spanish	1.04%	325,730	British Columbia (1.3%)
American	1.01%	316,350	Yukon (2.0%)
Hungarian	1.01%	315,510	Saskatchewan (2.9%)
Jewish	1.01%	315,120	Ontario (1.5%)
Greek	0.78%	242,685	Ontario (1.1%)

Data from the same subject matter, though from 2001, is also grouped more geographically by Statistics Canada as follows:

	2001%
North American (non-aboriginal)	40.21%
British Isles	33.64%
French	15.89%
Western European	12.78%
Eastern European	8.50%
Southern European	7.87%

	2001%
East and Southeast Asian	6.03%
Aboriginal	4.45%
South Asian	3.25%
Northern European	3.22%
Caribbean	1.70%
Other European	1.28%

	2001%
Arab	1.17%
African	0.99%
Latin, Central and South American	0.82%
West Asian	0.69%
Oceania	0.16%

Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (31,241,030 in 2006) and total more than 100% due to dual responses.
All ethnocultural ancestries with responses totalling to more than 1% of the total number of responses are listed in the table above according to the exact terminology used by Statistics Canada.

The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

• Quebec (7,435,905): Canadian (60.2%), French (28.9%)
• New Brunswick (719,650): Canadian (52.9%), French (26.5%), English (25.5%), Irish (20.9%), Scottish (19.8%)
• Newfoundland and Labrador (500,610): Canadian (48.2%), English (43.2%), Irish (21.4%)
• Nova Scotia (903,090): Canadian (40.9%), Scottish (31.9%), English (31.8%), Irish (21.6%), French (17.9%), German (11.3%)
• Prince Edward Island (134,205): Scottish (40.5%), Canadian (39.0%), English (32.3%), Irish (29.2%), French (21.7%)
• Ontario (12,028,895): English (24.7%), Canadian (23.0%), Scottish (17.5%), Irish (16.5%), French (11.2%)
• Alberta (3,256,355): English (27.2%), German (20.9%), Canadian (20.5%), Scottish (20.3%), Irish (16.6%), French (11.9%), Ukrainian (10.2%)
• Manitoba (1,133,510): English (22.9%), German (19.1%), Scottish (18.5%), Canadian (18.2%), Ukrainian (14.7%), Irish (13.4%), French (13.1%), North American Indian (10.6%)
• Saskatchewan (953,850): German (30.0%), English (26.5%), Scottish (19.2%), Canadian (18.1%), Irish (15.3%), Ukrainian (13.6%), French (12.4%), North American Indian (12.1%)
• British Columbia (4,074,385): English (29.6%), Scottish (20.3%), Canadian (17.7%), Irish (15.2%), German (13.8%), Chinese (10.6%)

The most common homogeneous ethnic groups per province, as shown by single responses (e.g. "Italian" only is a single response, whereas "Italian & Irish" is a multiple response and is subsumed under "multiple ethnic origin" in this grouping) are as follows (only percentages 3% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

• Quebec (7,435,905): Canadian (43.2%), multiple ethnic origin (25.9%), French (11.6%)
• Newfoundland and Labrador (500,610): Canadian (35.0%), multiple ethnic origin (30.6%), English (20.8%), Irish (6.9%)
• New Brunswick (719,650): multiple ethnic origin (46.1%), Canadian (30.3%), French (6.1%), English (5.4%), Irish (3.2%)
• Nova Scotia (903,090): multiple ethnic origin (51.1%), Canadian (22.2%), English (6.9%), Scottish (6.5%)
• Prince Edward Island (134,205): multiple ethnic origin (53.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Scottish (7.8%), English (6.4%), Irish (5.0%), French (3.5%)
• Ontario (12,028,895): multiple ethnic origin (43.0%), Canadian (10.0%), English (5.3%), Chinese (4.5%), Italian (4.0%), East Indian (3.8%)
• Alberta (3,256,355): multiple ethnic origin (53.1%), Canadian (8.8%), German (4.6%), English (4.5%), Chinese (3.4%)
• Saskatchewan (953,850): multiple ethnic origin (55.2%), North American Indian (8.1%), Canadian (7.8%), German (7.8%), English (3.9%), Ukrainian (3.8%)
• Manitoba (1,133,510): multiple ethnic origin (50.1%), Canadian (7.3%), North American Indian (7.1%), German (5.9%), Ukrainian (4.2%), English (3.6%)
• British Columbia (4,074,385): multiple ethnic origin (47.7%), Chinese (9.3%), Canadian (6.5%), English (6.0%), East Indian (5.0%)

Visible minority

Statistics Canada identifies "Visible Minorities" as non-Aboriginal people who self-identify as being members of a specific minority. The "not a visible minority" category includes people who are Aboriginal, people of European descent, and people who may be of non-European, non-Aboriginal descent, but who do not consider themselves members of a "visible minority".

By Province/Territory

Province/territory	Not a visible minority	South Asian	Chinese	Black	Filipino	Latin American	Arab	Southeast Asian	West Asian	Korean	Japanese	Visible minority, n.i.e.	Multiple visible minorities	Total visible minority population	First Nations	Métis	Inuit	Aboriginal, n.i.e.	Multiple Aboriginal identities	Total Aboriginal population	Total population
Alberta	2,690,960	156,665	133,390	74,435	106,035	41,305	34,920	41,025	16,030	15,000	12,415	6,270	18,840	656,325	116,670	96,870	1,985	3,300	1,870	220,695	3,567,980
British Columbia	2,911,295	313,440	438,140	33,260	126,040	35,465	14,090	51,970	38,960	53,770	38,120	6,465	31,160	1,180,870	155,020	69,475	1,570	3,745	2,480	232,290	4,324,455
Manitoba	824,830	25,265	17,025	19,610	59,220	9,140	3,235	7,565	2,040	3,045	1,745	1,765	3,975	153,625	114,225	78,830	580	1,055	1,200	195,895	1,174,350
New Brunswick	696,080	2,445	2,540	4,870	1,100	1,160	1,380	730	305	1,855	305	85	360	17,135	16,120	4,850	485	1,020	150	22,620	735,835
Newfoundland and Labrador	464,540	1,855	1,645	1,455	350	185	370	320	155	80	60	205	250	6,930	19,315	7,660	6,265	2,300	260	35,800	507,270
Northwest Territories	16,920	185	380	555	895	105	115	230	60	50	45	75	30	2,720	13,350	3,250	4,335	185	45	21,160	40,800
Nova Scotia	825,055	4,965	6,050	20,790	1,890	1,360	6,290	1,155	1,365	960	445	720	1,290	47,270	21,895	10,050	695	980	225	33,850	906,175
Nunavut	3,825	95	65	120	130	25	15	30	0	10	0	10	0	510	125	130	27,070	15	20	27,365	31,700
Ontario	9,070,800	965,990	629,140	539,205	275,380	172,560	151,645	137,875	122,530	78,290	29,085	81,130	96,735	3,279,565	201,100	86,020	3,355	8,040	2,910	301,430	12,651,795
Prince Edward Island	130,890	485	1,830	390	85	235	200	205	345	140	210	75	70	4,260	1,520	410	55	235	0	2,230	137,380
Quebec	6,740,375	83,320	82,845	243,625	31,495	116,380	166,260	65,855	23,445	6,665	4,025	8,895	17,420	850,235	82,425	40,960	12,570	4,415	1,545	141,915	7,732,525
Saskatchewan	787,745	12,325	11,300	7,255	16,025	3,250	2,095	4,910	1,600	1,270	720	745	1,775	63,275	103,205	52,450	290	1,120	675	157,740	1,008,760
Yukon	23,590	365	400	100	675	110	0	210	0	0	80	35	35	2,025	6,585	845	175	70	25	7,705	33,320
Canada	25,186,890	1,567,400	1,324,750	945,665	619,310	381,280	380,620	312,075	206,840	161,130	87,270	106,475	171,935	6,264,750	851,560	451,795	59,440	26,475	11,415	1,400,685	32,852,325
'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere' All statistics are from the Canada 2011 Census.

By cities in 2011, population over 100,000

Cities in Canada - Racial Demographics, 2011
City	Population	White	Visible Minority	Black	East Asian	Latin American	South Asian	Southeast Asian	West Asian & Arab	Multiracial	Other	Total Aboriginal	First Nations	Métis
Toronto	2,576,025	50.2%	49.1%	8.5%	12.7%	2.8%	12.3%	7.0%	3.1%	1.5%	1.3%	0.7%	0.5%	0.2%
Montreal	1,612,640	67.7%	31.7%	9.1%	3.2%	4.2%	3.3%	3.8%	7.2%	0.6%	0.3%	0.6%	0.3%	0.2%
Calgary	1,082,235	67.3%	30.1%	2.9%	8.1%	1.8%	7.5%	6.3%	2.3%	0.8%	0.3%	2.7%	1.2%	1.4%
Ottawa	867,090	74.2%	23.7%	5.7%	4.5%	1.2%	3.9%	2.8%	4.6%	0.7%	0.2%	2.1%	1.2%	0.7%
Edmonton	795,675	64.7%	30.0%	3.8%	7.1%	1.7%	7.2%	6.5%	2.6%	0.8%	0.3%	5.3%	2.4%	2.7%
Mississauga	708,725	45.8%	53.7%	6.3%	8.3%	2.2%	21.8%	7.8%	4.6%	1.5%	1.3%	0.5%	0.3%	0.1%
Winnipeg	649,995	66.9%	21.4%	2.7%	2.9%	1.0%	3.5%	9.8%	0.7%	0.6%	0.2%	11.7%	5.9%	6.3%
Vancouver	590,210	46.2%	51.8%	1.0%	30.9%	1.6%	6.0%	9.0%	1.7%	1.5%	0.2%	2.0%	1.3%	0.6%
Brampton	521,315	32.9%	66.4%	13.5%	1.8%	2.2%	38.4%	5.1%	1.5%	1.4%	2.6%	0.7%	0.4%	0.2%
Hamilton	509,640	82.3%	15.7%	3.2%	2.2%	1.4%	3.4%	2.6%	2.2%	0.4%	0.3%	2.0%	1.6%	0.3%
Quebec City	502,595	95.0%	4.0%	1.1%	0.4%	1.0%	0.2%	0.4%	0.8%	0.1%	0.1%	0.9%	0.5%	0.4%
Surrey	463,340	44.5%	52.6%	1.3%	8.5%	1.2%	30.7%	8.5%	1.2%	0.9%	0.2%	2.9%	1.9%	1.0%
Laval	392,725	78.7%	20.7%	6.2%	0.9%	2.5%	1.7%	2.2%	6.7%	0.3%	0.1%	0.6%	0.3%	0.2%
Halifax	384,330	88.4%	9.1%	3.6%	1.5%	0.3%	1.0%	0.6%	1.8%	0.3%	0.1%	2.5%	1.5%	0.8%
London	360,715	82.0%	16.1%	2.4%	2.9%	2.7%	2.2%	1.7%	3.4%	0.5%	0.2%	1.9%	1.4%	0.4%
Markham	300,135	27.5%	72.3%	3.2%	39.7%	0.5%	19.1%	3.9%	3.2%	1.9%	0.7%	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%
Vaughan	286,305	68.4%	31.4%	2.7%	6.3%	2.1%	9.7%	5.7%	3.1%	1.0%	0.8%	0.2%	0.1%	0.0%
Gatineau	261,665	86.2%	10.3%	3.9%	1.0%	1.5%	0.3%	0.7%	2.7%	0.2%	0.1%	3.5%	1.8%	1.5%
Longueuil	227,970	84.8%	14.2%	4.6%	1.4%	2.5%	0.9%	1.4%	2.4%	0.2%	0.2%	1.0%	0.6%	0.0%
Burnaby	220,255	39.1%	59.5%	1.6%	36.0%	1.7%	7.9%	7.7%	2.7%	1.8%	0.2%	1.5%	0.9%	0.5%
Saskatoon	218,315	77.4%	12.8%	1.1%	2.7%	0.6%	2.7%	3.9%	1.1%	0.4%	0.2%	10.2%	4.9%	4.6%
Kitchener	215,950	80.1%	18.4%	3.1%	2.2%	2.7%	4.1%	3.0%	2.3%	0.6%	0.4%	1.5%	0.9%	0.5%
Windsor	208,015	74.8%	22.9%	4.6%	3.2%	1.1%	3.9%	3.1%	6.3%	0.5%	0.4%	2.3%	1.3%	0.9%
Regina	189,740	78.6%	11.5%	1.6%	2.2%	0.7%	2.6%	3.5%	0.6%	0.3%	0.0%	9.9%	5.8%	3.9%
Richmond	189,305	28.6%	70.4%	0.7%	49.8%	0.9%	7.7%	7.8%	1.2%	2.3%	0.2%	1.0%	0.7%	0.3%
Richmond Hill	184,370	46.9%	52.9%	2.0%	26.9%	0.9%	8.1%	3.0%	10.3%	1.3%	0.4%	0.2%	0.1%	0.0%
Oakville	180,430	77.2%	22.8%	2.7%	5.3%	1.5%	7.2%	2.7%	2.3%	0.8%	0.4%	0.6%	0.4%	0.2%
Burlington	173,495	87.1%	12.0%	1.6%	2.4%	1.0%	3.6%	1.3%	1.4%	0.5%	0.2%	0.9%	0.5%	0.3%
Greater Sudbury	157,765	89.1%	2.7%	0.6%	0.6%	0.2%	0.4%	0.3%	0.3%	0.1%	0.0%	8.2%	3.8%	4.1%
Sherbrooke	150,255	93.6%	5.5%	1.7%	0.3%	1.4%	0.3%	0.4%	1.2%	0.1%	0.0%	0.9%	0.5%	0.3%
Oshawa	147,680	88.7%	9.3%	3.2%	1.1%	0.7%	1.9%	1.2%	0.5%	0.4%	0.4%	2.0%	1.2%	0.8%
Saguenay	141,335	96.6%	0.9%	0.3%	0.2%	0.1%	0.0%	0.1%	0.2%	0.0%	0.0%	2.5%	0.8%	1.6%
Lévis	135,835	98.0%	1.4%	0.4%	0.3%	0.2%	0.0%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.0%	0.5%	0.2%	0.2%
Barrie	133,240	89.8%	7.6%	1.9%	1.3%	0.8%	1.3%	1.0%	0.3%	0.4%	0.4%	2.6%	1.4%	1.2%
Abbotsford	130,950	66.5%	29.6%	0.9%	2.9%	0.6%	22.4%	1.5%	0.3	0.4%	0.3%	4.0%	2.5%	1.6%
St. Catharines	128,770	88.3%	9.9%	2.1%	1.9%	1.5%	1.1%	1.3%	1.3%	0.3%	0.3%	1.9%	1.2%	0.6%
Trois-Rivières	126,980	96.3%	2.5%	0.9%	0.2%	0.6%	0.0%	0.1%	0.5%	0.0%	0.0%	1.1%	0.6%	0.4%
Cambridge	125,060	85.4%	12.6%	1.9%	1.2%	1.0%	5.2%	1.7%	0.9%	0.3%	0.4%	2.0%	1.2%	0.6%
Coquitlam	125,015	54.1%	43.8%	1.0%	24.1%	1.5%	4.2%	5.1%	5.9%	1.3%	0.2%	2.1%	1.1%	0.9%
Kingston	118,930	89.7%	7.4%	0.9%	2.1%	0.7%	1.7%	0.9%	0.9%	0.1%	0.1%	2.9%	2.0%	0.8%
Whitby	120,285	79.5%	19.2%	6.2%	2.5%	0.8%	4.7%	2.2%	1.2%	1.0%	0.7%	1.2%	0.7%	0.4%
Guelph	120,550	82.7%	15.7%	1.4%	3.1%	1.0%	4.1%	4.0%	1.3%	0.5%	0.2%	1.6%	1.0%	0.6%
Kelowna	114,570	87.9%	7.6%	0.6%	2.6%	0.5%	2.3%	1.0%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	4.5%	2.1%	2.3%
Saanich	107,855	79.3%	18.0%	1.1%	8.6%	0.7%	3.8%	2.4%	0.7%	0.4%	0.2%	2.7%	1.5%	1.1%
Ajax	109,220	53.2%	45.8%	16.0%	2.8%	1.0%	13.8%	5.0%	2.7%	2.0%	2.6%	1.0%	0.7%	0.3%
Thunder Bay	105,950	87.1%	3.4%	0.5%	1.0%	0.2%	0.5%	0.7%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	9.5%	7.3%	2.0%
Terrebonne	105,610	91.7%	7.6%	4.5%	0.2%	1.3%	0.1%	0.2%	1.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.7%	0.5%	0.1%
St. John's	103,905	93.3%	4.4%	0.9%	1.1%	0.1%	1.2%	0.3%	0.3%	0.1%	0.1%	2.6%	1.2%	0.8%
Langley	103,145	83.2%	13.4%	0.5%	6.3%	0.6%	2.7%	2.4%	0.4%	0.5%	0.1%	3.4%	1.6%	1.7%
Chatham-Kent	101,680	93.2%	3.9%	1.9%	0.5%	0.3%	0.5%	0.5%	0.1%	0.1%	0.0%	2.9%	1.7%	0.9%

By Canada's history

Canadian Racial Demographics History
Racial group	1996 %	1996 number	2001 %	2001 number	2006 %	2006 number	2011 %	2011 number
White	86.0%	24,531,640	83.3%	24,678,880	80.0%	25,000,150	76.7%	25,186,890
Total Visible Minority	11.2%	3,197,480	13.4%	3,983,845	16.2%	5,068,095	19.1%	6,264,750
Black	2.0%	573,860	2.2%	662,215	2.5%	783,795	2.9%	945,665
East Asian	3.5%	989,680	4.1%	1,203,370	4.6%	1,439,755	4.8%	1,573,150
Latin America	0.6%	176,970	0.7%	216,980	1.0%	304,245	1.2%	381,280
South Asian	2.4%	670,590	3.1%	917,075	4.0%	1,262,865	4.8%	1,567,400
Southeast Asian	1.4%	406,960	1.7%	507,445	2.1%	650,630	2.8%	931,385
West Asian & Arab	0.9%	244,665	1.0%	303,970	1.4%	422,250	1.8%	586,460
Multiracial	0.2%	61,575	0.2%	73,875	0.4%	133,120	0.5%	171,935
Other	0.2%	69,745	0.3%	98,915	0.2%	71,420	0.3%	106,475
Total Aboriginal	2.8%	799,005	3.3%	976,305	3.8%	1,172,785	4.3%	1,400,685
First Nations	1.8%	529,040	2.1%	608,850	2.2%	698,025	2.6%	851,560
Métis	0.7%	204,115	1.0%	292,305	1.2%	389,780	1.4%	451,795

Note: Inuit, Other Aboriginal and Mixed Aboriginal groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in Total Aboriginal

Religions

See also: Religion in Canada

Top self-identified religious affiliations in Canada in 2001.

Top Self-Identified Religious Affiliations in Canada

	1991 number	1991 %	2001 number	2001 %	% change (in numbers)
Christian	22,468,260	83	22,799,645	77	−1.5
– Catholic	12,335,255	45.7	12,936,905	43.6	+4.8
– Protestant	9,427,675	34.9	8,654,850	29.2	−8.2
– United Church of Canada	3,093,120	11.3	2,839,125	9.5	−8.2
– Anglican Church of Canada	2,188,110	8.0	2,035,495	6.8	−7.0
- Baptist	663,360	2.4	729,475	2.4	+10.0
– Lutheran	636,205	2.3	606,590	2.0	−4.7
– Presbyterian	636,295	2.3	409,830	1.4	−35.6
– Pentecostal	436,435	1.6	369,475	1.2	−15.3
– Mennonite	207,970	0.8	191,465	0.6	−7.9
– Jehovah's Witnesses	168,375	0.6	154,745	0.5	−8.1
– Methodist	83,910	0.3	106,545	0.4	+27.0
– Mormon	100,770	0.4	104,750	0.3	+3.9
– Salvation Army	112,345	0.4	87,785	0.3	−21.9
– Christian Reformed Church in North America	84,685	0.3	76,665	0.3	−9.5
– Christian and Missionary Alliance	59,365	0.2	66,280	0.2	+11.9
– Adventists	52,365	0.2	62,875	0.2	+20.1
– Christian Orthodox	387,395	1.4	479,620	1.6	+23.8
– Greek Orthodox	231,965	0.9	215,200	0.7	−7.1
– Christian, not included elsewhere¹	353,040	1.3	780,450	2.6	+121.1
Other	1,148,060	4.3	1,988,635	6.7	+73.2
– Jewish	318,185	1.2	329,995	1.1	+3.7
– Muslim	253,265	0.9	579,640	2.0	+128.9
– Buddhist	163,415	0.6	300,345	1.0	+83.8
– Hindu	157,015	0.6	297,200	1.0	+89.3
– Sikh	147,440	0.5	278,410	0.9	+88.8
No religion	3,397,000	12.6	4,900,095	16.5	+44.2
¹ Includes persons who report only "Christian", only "Protestant", and those in denominations less than 60,000 * For comparability purposes, 1991 data are presented according to 2001 boundaries.

Note(s):

• Catholic includes Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Polish National Catholic Church, and Old Catholic
• Other Religions also includes Bahá'í Faith, Eckankar, Jainism, Shinto, Taoism, Zoroastrianism, Aboriginal belief systems, Neo-Paganism, Wicca, Unity – New Thought – Pantheist, Scientology, Rastafari movement, New Age, Gnostic, Satanism, et cetera
• No Religion includes Atheism, Agnosticism, Humanism, et cetera

However, a more recent research in 2005 indicates that the non-religious group has risen significantly. Phil Zuckerman, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Pitzer College writes of several academic sources who have in recent years placed atheism rates in Canada between 19% and 30%.

Languages

Main article: Languages of Canada

Languages in Canada
Language			Percent
English			58%
French			22%
English and French			11%
others			9%

Language used most often at work:

• English: 78.3%
• French: 21.7%
• Non-official languages: 2%

Languages by language used most often at home:

• English: 67.1%
• French: 21.5%
• Non-official languages: 11.4%

Languages by mother tongue:

First language	Population (2011)	% of total population (2011)	Population (2006)	% of total population (2006)	Increase (2006–2011)	Notes
Single language responses	32,481,635	98.1%	30,848,270	98.7%	5.3%
Official languages	25,913,955	78.2%	24,700,425	79.1%	4.9%
English	18,858,980	56.9%	17,882,775	57.2%	5.5%
French	7,054,975	21.3%	6,817,650	21.8%	3.5%
Non-official languages	6,567,680	19.8%	6,147,840	19.7%	6.8%
Panjabi (Punjabi)	430,705	1.3%	367,505	1.2%	17.2%
Chinese, n.o.s.	425,210	1.3%	456,705	1.5%	-6.9%
Spanish	410,670	1.2%	345,345	1.1%	18.9%
German	409,200	1.2%	450,570	1.4%	-9.2%
Italian	407,485	1.2%	455,040	1.5%	-10.5%
Cantonese	372,460	1.1%	361,450	1.2%	3%
Arabic	327,870	1%	261,640	0.8%	25.3%
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	327,445	1%	235,615	0.8%	39%
Mandarin	248,705	0.8%	170,950	0.5%	45.5%
Portuguese	211,335	0.6%	219,275	0.7%	-3.6%
Polish	191,645	0.6%	211,175	0.7%	-9.2%
Urdu	172,800	0.5%	145,805	0.5%	18.5%
Persian	170,045	0.5%	134,080	0.4%	26.8%
Russian	164,330	0.5%	133,580	0.4%	23%
Vietnamese	144,880	0.4%	141,625	0.5%	2.3%
Korean	137,925	0.4%	125,570	0.4%	9.8%
Tamil	131,265	0.4%	115,880	0.4%	13.3%
Ukrainian	111,540	0.3%	134,500	0.4%	-17.1%
Dutch	110,490	0.3%	128,900	0.4%	-14.3%
Greek	108,925	0.3%	117,285	0.4%	-7.1%
Gujarati	91,450	0.3%	81,465	0.3%	12.3%
Hindi	90,545	0.3%	78,240	0.3%	15.7%
Romanian	90,300	0.3%	78,495	0.3%	15%
Cree, n.o.s.	77,900	0.2%	78,855	0.3%	-1.2%	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'.
Hungarian	67,920	0.2%	73,335	0.2%	-7.4%
Creoles	61,725	0.2%	53,515	0.2%	15.3%
Bengali	59,370	0.2%	45,685	0.1%	30%
Serbian	56,420	0.2%	51,665	0.2%	9.2%
Croatian	49,730	0.2%	55,330	0.2%	-10.1%
Japanese	39,985	0.1%	40,200	0.1%	-0.5%
Inuktitut	33,500	0.1%	32,015	0.1%	4.6%	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.
Somali	31,380	0.09%	27,320	0.09%	14.9%
Armenian	29,795	0.09%	30,130	0.1%	-1.1%
Turkish	29,640	0.09%	24,745	0.08%	19.8%
Albanian	23,820	0.07%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Czech	23,585	0.07%	24,450	0.08%	-3.5%
Khmer (Cambodian)	19,440	0.06%	19,105	0.06%	1.8%
Bulgarian	19,050	0.06%	16,790	0.05%	13.5%
Hebrew	18,450	0.06%	17,635	0.06%	4.6%
Amharic	18,020	0.05%	14,555	0.05%	23.8%
Ilocano	17,915	0.05%	13,450	0.04%	33.2%
Ojibway	17,625	0.05%	24,190	0.08%	-27.1%
Slovak	17,580	0.05%	18,820	0.06%	-6.6%
Finnish	17,415	0.05%	21,030	0.07%	-17.2%
Macedonian	17,245	0.05%	18,435	0.06%	-6.5%
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	16,970	0.05%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Bisayan languages	16,240	0.05%	11,240	0.04%	44.5%
Malayalam	16,080	0.05%	11,925	0.04%	34.8%
Yiddish	15,205	0.05%	16,295	0.05%	-6.7%
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	14,185	0.04%	10,180	0.03%	39.3%
Danish	14,145	0.04%	18,735	0.06%	-24.5%
Niger–Congo languages, n.i.e.	14,075	0.04%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Lao	12,970	0.04%	13,940	0.04%	-7%
Akan (Twi)	12,680	0.04%	12,780	0.04%	-0.8%
Pashto	12,465	0.04%	9,025	0.03%	38.1%
Bosnian	11,685	0.04%	12,790	0.04%	-8.6%
Sindhi	11,330	0.03%	10,355	0.03%	9.4%
Dene	11,215	0.03%	9,745	0.03%	15.1%
Oromo	11,140	0.03%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Malay	10,910	0.03%	9,490	0.03%	15%
Innu/Montagnais	10,785	0.03%	10,975	0.04%	-1.7%	In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'.
Slovenian	10,775	0.03%	13,135	0.04%	-18%
Tigrigna	10,220	0.03%	7,105	0.02%	43.8%
Serbo-Croatian	10,155	0.03%	12,510	0.04%	-18.8%
Swahili	10,090	0.03%	7,935	0.03%	27.2%
Oji-Cree	9,835	0.03%	11,690	0.04%	-15.9%
Kurdish	9,805	0.03%	7,660	0.02%	28%
Taiwanese	9,635	0.03%	9,620	0.03%	0.2%
Telugu	9,315	0.03%	6,625	0.02%	40.6%
African languages, n.i.e.	9,125	0.03%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Afrikaans	8,770	0.03%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Nepali	8,480	0.03%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Thai	7,935	0.02%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Mi'kmaq	7,635	0.02%	7,365	0.02%	3.7%
Swedish	7,350	0.02%	8,220	0.03%	-10.6%
Lithuanian	7,245	0.02%	8,335	0.03%	-13.1%
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	7,150	0.02%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Estonian	6,385	0.02%	8,240	0.03%	-22.5%
Maltese	6,220	0.02%	6,405	0.02%	-2.9%
Latvian	6,200	0.02%	7,000	0.02%	-11.4%
Fukien	5,925	0.02%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Berber languages (Kabyle)	5,855	0.02%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Marathi	5,830	0.02%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Atikamekw	5,820	0.02%	5,250	0.02%	10.9%
Norwegian	5,800	0.02%	7,225	0.02%	-19.7%
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,255	0.02%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Hakka	5,115	0.02%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Flemish	4,690	0.01%	5,660	0.02%	-17.1%
Tibetan languages	4,640	0.01%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	4,360	0.01%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,975	0.01%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	3,895	0.01%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Sign languages, n.i.e.	3,815	0.01%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,630	0.01%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Lingala	3,085	0.009%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Stoney	3,050	0.009%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Burmese	2,985	0.009%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Shanghainese	2,920	0.009%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	N/A	N/A	5,585	0.02%	N/A
Blackfoot	N/A	N/A	3,085	0.01%	N/A
Frisian	N/A	N/A	2,890	0.009%	N/A
Dogrib	N/A	N/A	2,020	0.006%	N/A
Algonquin	N/A	N/A	1,920	0.006%	N/A
South Slave	N/A	N/A	1,605	0.005%	N/A
Carrier	N/A	N/A	1,560	0.005%	N/A
Gitksan	N/A	N/A	1,180	0.004%	N/A
Chilcotin	N/A	N/A	1,070	0.003%	N/A
North Slave (Hare)	N/A	N/A	1,065	0.003%	N/A
Shuswap	N/A	N/A	935	0.003%	N/A
Nisga’a	N/A	N/A	680	0.002%	N/A
Malecite	N/A	N/A	535	0.002%	N/A
Chipewyan	N/A	N/A	525	0.002%	N/A
Inuinnaqtun	N/A	N/A	365	0.001%	N/A
Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux)	N/A	N/A	360	0.001%	N/A
Mohawk	N/A	N/A	290	0.0009%	N/A
Tlingit	N/A	N/A	80	0.0003%	N/A
Other languages	77,890	0.2%	172,650	0.6%	-54.9%
Multiple language responses	639,540	1.9%	392,760	1.3%	62.8%
English and French	144,685	0.4%	98,630	0.3%	46.7%
English and a non-official language	396,330	1.2%	240,005	0.8%	65.1%
French and a non-official language	74,430	0.2%	43,335	0.1%	71.8%
English, French, and a non-official language	24,095	0.07%	10,790	0.03%	123.3%
Total	33,121,175	100%	31,241,030	100%	6%
n.i.e. = not included elsewhere n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Literacy

• definition: age 15 and over can read and write

The literacy rate of Canada was 99% in 2003.

Education expenditures

• 5.2% of total GDP (2002)

City populations

• As of 2006, Canada's 13 largest cities (metro areas) have a combined population of 17,885,000
• Canada has 100 cities with 45,000 inhabitants or more for a combined population of 20,687,000
• Canada has 230 cities with 15,000 inhabitants or more

See also

BC

AB

SK

MB

ON

QC

NB

PE

NS

NL

YT

NT

NU

Demographics of Canada's provinces and territories

• 1666 census of New France
• Canada 1906 Census
• Canada 1911 Census
• Canada 1996 Census
• Canada 2001 Census
• Canada 2006 Census
• Canada 2011 Census
• Demographics of Canada by municipality
• List of Canadian census areas demographic extremes
• Cahiers québécois de démographie academic journal
• Canadian Studies in Population academic journal

Further reading

Main article: Bibliography of Canada

• Bumsted, J. M (2003). Canada's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook. Library of Congress ( ABC-CLIO). ISBN 978-1-57607-672-9.
• Magocsi, Paul R (1999). Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples. Society of Ontario, University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-2938-6.
• Richard, Madeline (1992). Ethnic history and marital assimilation in Canada, 1871 and 1971. University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0431-8.
• Thornton, Russell (2000). Michael R. Haines, Richard Hall Steckel (ed.). A population history of North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49666-7.
• Wilson, Donna M (2008). Dying and Death in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-55111-873-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Roderic Beaujot and Don Kerr, (2007) The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population, Canadian Scholars' Press, ISBN 978-1-55130-322-2.

External links

• Canada Year Book (2010) – Statistics Canada
• Population estimates and projections, 2010 – 2036 – Statistics Canada