Minneapolis: Difference between revisions

City of Minneapolis
City of Minneapolis
City
	Downtown seen from the North Loop
	Flag Seal
	Nickname(s): City of Lakes, Mill City, Mini-Apple
	Motto: En Avant (French: 'Forward')
	Location in Hennepin County and the state of Minnesota
Country	United States
State	Minnesota
County	Hennepin
Incorporated	1867
Government
• Mayor	R.T. Rybak (DFL)
Area
• City	58.4 sq mi (151.3 km2)
• Land	54.9 sq mi (142.2 km2)
• Water	3.5 sq mi (9.1 km2)
Elevation	830 ft (264 m)
Population (2006)
• City	369,051
• Density	6,722/sq mi (2,595/km2)
• Metro	3,175,041
Time zone	UTC-6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP codes	55401 – 55487
Area code	612
FIPS code	27-43000Template:GR
GNIS feature ID	0655030Template:GR
Website	www.minneapolismn.gov

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Minneapolis (Template:PronEng) is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and is the county seat of Hennepin County. It is the largest city in its state and lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. Known as the Twin Cities, these two cities form the core of Minneapolis-St. Paul, the sixteenth largest metropolitan area in the United States, with about 3.2 million residents. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population at 369,051 people in 2006.^[2] Minneapolis and Minnesota celebrate their sesquicentennials in 2008. The city's celebration coincides with the 150th anniversary of its first town council meeting thought to have been held July 20, 1858.^[3]

The city is abundantly rich in water with twenty lakes and wetlands, the Mississippi riverfront, creeks and waterfalls, many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds Scenic Byway. Minneapolis was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber, and today is the primary business center between Chicago, Illinois, and Seattle, Washington.^[4] America's most literate city,^[5] Minneapolis has cultural organizations that draw creative people and audiences to the city for theater, visual art, writing and music. The community's diverse population has a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs and through private and corporate philanthropy.^[6]

The name Minneapolis is attributed to the city's first schoolmaster, who combined mni, the Dakota word for water, and polis, the Greek word for city.^[7] Minneapolis is nicknamed the City of Lakes and the Mill City.^[4]

History

Dakota Sioux were the region's sole residents until explorers arrived from France in about 1680. Nearby Fort Snelling, built in 1819 by the United States Army, spurred growth in the area. Circumstances pressed the Mdewakanton band of the Dakota to sell their land, allowing people arriving from the east to settle there. The Minnesota Territorial Legislature authorized present day Minneapolis as a town on the Mississippi's west bank in 1856. Minneapolis incorporated as a city in 1867, the year rail service began between Minneapolis and Chicago, and joined with the east bank city of St. Anthony in 1872.^[9]

Minneapolis grew up around Saint Anthony Falls, the only waterfall on the Mississippi. Millers have used hydropower since the 1st century B.C.,^[10] but the results in Minneapolis between 1880 and 1930 were so remarkable the city has been described as "the greatest direct-drive waterpower center the world has ever seen."^[11] In early years, forests in northern Minnesota were the source of a lumber industry that operated seventeen saw mills on power from the waterfall. By 1871, the west river bank had twenty-three businesses including flour mills, woolen mills, iron works, a railroad machine shop, and mills for cotton, paper, sashes, and planing wood.^[12] The farmers of the Great Plains grew grain that was shipped by rail to the city's thirty-four flour mills where Pillsbury and General Mills became processors. By 1905 Minneapolis delivered almost 10% of the country's flour and grist.^[13] At peak production, a single mill at Washburn-Crosby made enough flour for twelve million loaves of bread each day.^[14]

Minneapolis made dramatic changes to rectify discrimination as early as 1886 when Martha Ripley founded Maternity Hospital for both married and unmarried mothers.^[15] When the country's fortunes turned during the Great Depression, the violent Teamsters Strike of 1934 resulted in laws acknowledging workers' rights.^[16] A lifelong civil rights activist and union supporter, mayor Hubert H. Humphrey helped the city establish fair employment practices and a human relations council that interceded on behalf of minorities by 1946.^[17] Minneapolis contended with white supremacy, participated in desegregation and the African-American civil rights movement, and in 1968 was the birthplace of the American Indian Movement.^[18]

During the 1950s and 1960s as part of urban renewal, the city razed about two hundred buildings across twenty-five city blocks—roughly 40% of downtown, destroying the Gateway District and many buildings with notable architecture including the Metropolitan Building. Efforts to save the building failed but are credited with jumpstarting interest in historic preservation in the state.^[19]

Mississippi riverfront and Saint Anthony Falls in 1915. At left, Pillsbury, power plants and the Stone Arch Bridge. Today the Minnesota Historical Society's Mill City Museum is in the Washburn "A" Mill, across the river just to the left of the falls. At center left are Northwestern Consolidated mills. The tall building is Minneapolis City Hall. In the foreground to the right are Nicollet Island and the Hennepin Avenue Bridge.

Geography and climate

Minneapolis history and the city's economic growth are tied to water, the city's defining physical characteristic, which was sent to the region during the last ice age. Fed by receding glaciers and Lake Agassiz ten thousand years ago, torrents of water from a glacial river undercut the Mississippi and Minnehaha riverbeds, creating waterfalls important to modern Minneapolis.^[21] Lying on an artesian aquifer^[4] and otherwise flat terrain, Minneapolis has a total area of 58.4 square miles (151.3 km²) and of this 6% is water.^[22] Water is managed by watershed districts that correspond to the Mississippi and the city's three creeks.^[23] Twelve lakes, three large ponds and five unnamed wetlands are within Minneapolis.^[24]

The city center is located just south of 45° N latitude.^[26] The city's lowest elevation of 686 feet (209 m) is near where Minnehaha Creek meets the Mississippi River. The site of the Prospect Park Water Tower is often cited as the city's highest point^[27] and a placard in Deming Heights Park denotes the highest elevation, but a spot at 974 feet (296.88 m) in or near Waite Park in Northeast Minneapolis is corroborated by Google Earth as the highest ground.

Minneapolis has a continental climate typical of the Upper Midwestern United States. Winters can be cold and dry, while summer is comfortably warm although at times it can be hot and humid. On the Köppen climate classification, Minneapolis falls in the warm summer humid continental climate zone (Dfa). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, sleet, ice, rain, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and fog. The warmest temperature ever recorded in Minneapolis was 108 °F (42.2 °C) in July 1936, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was −41 °F (−40.6 °C), in January 1888. The snowiest winter of record was 1983–84, when 98.4 inches (2.5 m) of snow fell.^[28]

Because of its northerly location in the United States and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Minneapolis is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic air masses, especially during late December, January & February. The average annual temperature of 45.4 °F (7 °C) gives the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the continental U.S.^[29]

Climate data for Minneapolis, Minnesota
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Source: ^[30]

Demographics

Dakota tribes, mostly the Mdewakanton, as early as the 16th century were known as permanent settlers near their sacred site of St. Anthony Falls.^[9] New settlers arrived during the 1850s and 1860s in Minneapolis from New England, New York and Canada, and during the mid-1860s, Scandinavians from Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark began to call the city home. Migrant workers from Mexico and Latin America also interspersed.^[31] Later, immigrants came from Germany, Italy, Greece, Poland, and Southern and Eastern Europe. Jews from Russia and Eastern Europe settled primarily on the north side of the city before moving in large numbers to the western suburbs in the 1950s and 1960s.^[32] Asians came from China, the Philippines, Japan, and Korea. Two groups came for a short while during U.S. government relocations, Japanese during the 1940s, and Native Americans during the 1950s. From 1970 onward, Asians arrived from Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. Beginning in the 1990s, a large Latino population arrived, along with refugees from Africa, especially from Somalia.^[33] Into the 21st century, Minneapolis continues its heritage of welcoming newcomers. The metropolitan area is an immigrant gateway with a 127% increase in foreign-born residents between 1990 and 2000.^[34]

Template:MinneapolisEthnicity

U.S. Census Bureau estimates in 2006 show the population of Minneapolis to be 369,051, a 3.5% drop since the 2000 census.^[2] The population grew until 1950 when the census peaked at 521,718, and then declined as people moved to the suburbs until about 1990. The number of African-Americans, Asians, and Hispanics is growing. Non-whites are now about one third of the city's residents.^[35] Compared to the U.S. national average in 2005, the city has fewer white, Hispanic, senior, and unemployed people, while it has more people aged over 18 and more with a college degree.^[35] Minneapolis has the fourth highest percent of people who are gay, lesbian or bisexual, with 12.5%.^[36]

Compared to a peer group of metropolitan areas in 2000, Minneapolis-Saint Paul is decentralizing, with individuals moving in and out frequently and a large young and white population and low unemployment. Racial and ethnic minorities lag behind white counterparts in education, with 15% of black and 13% of Hispanic people holding bachelor's degrees compared to 42% of the white population. The standard of living is on the rise, with incomes among the highest in the Midwest, but median household income among black people is below that of white by over $17,000. Regionally, home ownership among black and Hispanic residents is half that of white though Asian homeownership doubled. In 2000, the poverty rates included whites at 4.2%, blacks at 26.2%, Asians at 19.1%, American Indians at 23.2%, and Hispanics or Latinos at 18.1%.^[34]^[37]^[38]

U.S. Census Population Estimates
Year	1860	1870	1880	1890	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2005	2006
Population	3,000	13,000	46,887	164,738	202,718	301,408	380,582	464,356	492,370	521,718	482,872	434,400	370,951	368,383	382,618	372,811	369,051
U.S. Rank^[39]	-	-	38	18	19	18	18	15	16	17	25	32	34	42	-	-	-

Economy

The economy of Minneapolis today is based in commerce, finance, rail and trucking services, health care, and industry. Smaller components are in publishing, milling, food processing, graphic arts, insurance, and high technology. Industry produces metal and automotive products, chemical and agricultural products, electronics, computers, precision medical instruments and devices, plastics, and machinery.^[41]

Five Fortune 500 headquarters are in Minneapolis proper: Target Corporation, U.S. Bancorp, Xcel Energy, Ameriprise Financial and Thrivent Financial for Lutherans . Fortune 1000 companies in Minneapolis include PepsiAmericas, Valspar Corporation and Donaldson Company.^[42] Apart from government, the city's largest employers are Target, Wells Fargo, Ameriprise, Star Tribune, U.S. Bancorp, Xcel Energy, IBM, Piper Jaffray, RBC Dain Rauscher, ING Group and Qwest.^[43]

Availability of Wi-Fi, transportation solutions, medical trials, university research and development expenditures, advanced degrees held by the work force, and energy conservation are so far above the national average that in 2005, Popular Science named Minneapolis the "Top Tech City" in the U.S.^[44] The Twin Cities ranked the country's second best city in a 2006 Kiplinger's poll of Smart Places to Live and Minneapolis was one of the Seven Cool Cities for young professionals.^[45]

The Twin Cities contribute 63.8% of the gross state product of Minnesota. The area's $145.8 billion gross metropolitan product and its per capita personal income rank fourteenth in the U.S. Recovering from the nation's recession in 2000, personal income grew 3.8% in 2005, though it was behind the national average of 5%. The city returned to peak employment during the fourth quarter of that year.^[46]

The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, with one branch in Helena, Montana, serves Minnesota, Montana, North and South Dakota, and parts of Wisconsin and Michigan. The smallest of the twelve regional banks in the Federal Reserve System, it operates a nationwide payments system, oversees member banks and bank holding companies, and serves as a banker for the U.S. Treasury.^[47] The Minneapolis Grain Exchange founded in 1881 is still located near the riverfront and is the only exchange for hard red spring wheat futures and options.^[48]

Arts

The region is second only to New York City in live theater per capita^[50] and is the third-largest theater market in the U.S., supporting the Theatre de la Jeune Lune, Illusion, Jungle, Mixed Blood, Penumbra, the Brave New Workshop, the Minnesota Dance Theatre, Skewed Visions, Theater Latté Da, In the Heart of the Beast Theatre, and the Children's Theatre Company.^[51] French architect Jean Nouvel designed a new three stage complex^[52] for the Guthrie Theater, the prototype alternative to Broadway founded in Minneapolis in 1965.^[53] Minneapolis purchased and renovated the Orpheum, State, and Pantages Theatre vaudeville and film houses on Hennepin Avenue now used for concerts and plays.^[54] Eventually, a fourth renovated theater will join the Hennepin Center for the Arts to become the Minnesota Shubert Performing Arts and Education Center, a home to twenty performing arts groups and a provider of Web-based art education.^[55]

The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, built in 1915 in south central Minneapolis is the largest art museum in the city with 100,000 pieces in its permanent collection. A new wing designed by Michael Graves was completed in 2006 for contemporary and modern works and more gallery space.^[52] The Walker Art Center sits atop Lowry Hill, near downtown, and doubled its size with an addition in 2005 by Herzog & de Meuron and is continuing its expansion to 15 acres (6.1 ha) with a park designed by Michel Desvigne across the street from the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden.^[56] The Weisman Art Museum, designed by Frank Gehry for the University of Minnesota, opened in 1993. An addition, also designed by Gehry, is expected to open in 2009.^[57]

Minneapolis is ranked America's most literate city^[5] and is a center for printing and publishing.^[58] It was a natural place for artists to build Open Book, the largest literary and book arts center in the U.S., made up of the Loft Literary Center, the Minnesota Center for Book Arts and Milkweed Editions, sometimes called the country's largest independent nonprofit literary publisher.^[59] The center exhibits and teaches both contemporary art and traditional crafts of writing, papermaking, letterpress printing and bookbinding.^[59]

The son of a jazz musician and a singer, Prince is Minneapolis' most famous musical progeny.^[61] With fellow local musicians, many of whom recorded at Twin/Tone Records,^[62] he helped make First Avenue and the 7th Street Entry venues of choice for both artists and audiences.^[63] The Minnesota Orchestra plays classical and popular music at Orchestra Hall under music director Osmo Vänskä who has set about making it the best in the country.^[64] The Minnesota Opera produces both classic and new operas.^[65] In 2008 the century-old MacPhail Center for Music opened a new facility designed by James Dayton.^[66]

Tom Waits released two songs about the city, Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis (Blue Valentine 1978) and 9th & Hennepin (Rain Dogs 1985) and Lucinda Williams recorded Minneapolis (World Without Tears 2003). Home to the MN Spoken Word Association, the city has garnered notice for rap and hip hop and its spoken word community.^[67] The underground hip-hop group Atmosphere frequently comments in song lyrics on the city and Minnesota.^[68]

Sports

Professional sports are well-established in Minneapolis. First playing in 1884, the Minneapolis Millers baseball team produced the best won-lost record in their league at the time and contributed fifteen players to the Baseball Hall of Fame. During the 1940s and 1950s the Minneapolis Lakers basketball team, the city's first in the major leagues in any sport, won six basketball championships in three leagues before moving to Los Angeles.^[69] The American Wrestling Association, formerly the NWA Minneapolis Boxing & Wrestling Club, operated in Minneapolis from 1960 until the 1990s.^[70]

The Minnesota Vikings and the Minnesota Twins arrived in the state in 1961. The Vikings were an NFL expansion team and the Twins were formed when the Washington Senators relocated to Minnesota. Both teams played outdoors in open air Metropolitan Stadium in the suburb of Bloomington for twenty years before moving to the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, where the Twins won the World Series in 1987 and 1991. The Minnesota Timberwolves brought NBA basketball back to Minneapolis in 1989, followed by the Minnesota Lynx WNBA team in 1999. They play in Target Center. The NHL ice hockey team Minnesota Wild, National Lacrosse League team Minnesota Swarm, and USL-1 soccer team Minnesota Thunder play in St. Paul.^[69]

The downtown Metrodome, opened in 1982, is the largest sports stadium in Minnesota. The three major tenants are the Vikings, the Twins and the university's Golden Gophers football and baseball teams. The Metrodome is the only stadium in the country to have hosted a Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the Super Bowl, the World Series, and NCAA Basketball Men's Final Four. Runners, walkers, inline skaters, coed volleyball teams, and touch football teams all have access to "The Dome". Events from sports to concerts, community activities, religious activities, and trade shows are held more than three hundred days per year, making the facility one of the most versatile stadiums in the world.^[71]

The state of Minnesota authorized replacement of the Metrodome with three separate stadiums that estimates in 2007 totaled at about $1.7 billion. Six spectator sport stadiums will be in a 1.2-mile (2 km) radius centered downtown, counting the existing facilities at Target Center and the university's Williams Arena and Mariucci Arena. The new Twins Ballpark is funded by the Twins and 75% by Hennepin County sales tax, about $25 per year by each taxpayer.^[72] The Gophers' new TCF Bank Stadium is being built by the university and the state's general fund.^[72] The Vikings Stadium plan for Blaine, Minnesota changed and as of 2007 was estimated at $954 million^[73] for rebuilding on the Metrodome site.

Major sporting events hosted by the city include Super Bowl XXVI, the 1992 NCAA Men's Division I Final Four, and the 1998 World Figure Skating Championships.^[74]^[75]^[76]

Gifted amateur athletes have played in Minneapolis schools, notably starting in the 1920s and 1930s at Central, De La Salle, and Marshall high schools. Since the 1930s, the Golden Gophers have won national championships in men's baseball, boxing, football, golf, gymnastics, ice hockey, indoor and outdoor track, swimming and wrestling and women's gymnastics, ice hockey, indoor track and swimming.^[69]^[77]

Professional Sports in Minneapolis
Club	Sport	League	Venue	Championships
Minnesota Lynx	Basketball	Women's National Basketball Association, Western Conference	Target Center
Minnesota Timberwolves	Basketball	National Basketball Association, Western Conference	Target Center
Minnesota Twins	Baseball	Major League Baseball, American League	Metrodome	World Series 1987 and 1991
Minnesota Vikings	American football	National Football League, National Football Conference	Metrodome	NFL Championship 1969

Parks and recreation

The Minneapolis park system has been called the best-designed, best-financed and best-maintained in America.^[78] Foresight, donations and effort by community leaders enabled Horace Cleveland to create his finest landscape architecture, preserving geographical landmarks and linking them with boulevards and parkways.^[79] The city's Chain of Lakes is connected by bike, running, and walking paths and used for swimming, fishing, picnics, boating, and ice skating. A parkway for cars, a bikeway for riders, and a walkway for pedestrians run parallel paths along the 52 miles (84 km) route of the Grand Rounds Scenic Byway.^[80] Residents brave the cold weather in December to watch the nightly Holidazzle Parade.^[81]

Theodore Wirth is credited with the development of the parks system.^[82] Today, 16.6% of the city is parks and there are 770 square feet (72 m²) of parkland for each resident, ranked in 2008 as the most parkland per resident within cities of similar population densities.^[83]^[84]

Parks are interlinked in many places and the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area connects regional parks and visitor centers. The country's oldest public wildflower garden, the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary located within Theodore Wirth Park which is shared with Golden Valley and is about 60% the size of Central Park in New York City.^[87] Site of the 53-foot (16 m) Minnehaha Falls, Minnehaha Park is one of the city's oldest and most popular parks, receiving over 500,000 visitors each year.^[86] Henry Wadsworth Longfellow named Hiawatha's wife Minnehaha for the Minneapolis waterfall in his The Song of Hiawatha, a bestselling and often-parodied 19th century poem.^[88]

Runner's World ranks the Twin Cities as America's sixth best city for runners.^[89] The Twin Cities Marathon run in Minneapolis and St. Paul every October draws 250,000 spectators. The 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race is a Boston and USA Olympic Trials qualifier. The organizers sponsor three more races: a Kids Marathon, a 1 mile (1.6 km), and a 10 miles (16 km).^[90] Minneapolis is home to more golfers per capita than any major U.S. city.^[91] Five golf courses are located within the city, with nationally ranked Hazeltine National Golf Club, and Interlachen Country Club in nearby suburbs.^[92] The state of Minnesota has the nation's highest number of bicyclists, sport fishermen, and snow skiers per capita. Hennepin County has the second-highest number of horses per capita in the U.S.^[50] While living in Minneapolis, Scott and Brennan Olson founded (and later sold) Rollerblade, the company that popularized the sport of inline skating.^[93]

Government

Minneapolis is a stronghold for the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL), an affiliate of the Democratic Party. The Minneapolis City Council holds the most power and represents the city's thirteen districts called wards. The council has twelve DFL members and one from the Green Party. R.T. Rybak also of the DFL is the current mayor of Minneapolis. The office of mayor is relatively weak but has some power to appoint individuals such as the chief of police. Parks, taxation, and public housing are semi-independent boards and levy their own taxes and fees subject to Board of Estimate and Taxation limits.^[94]

Citizens have a unique and powerful influence in neighborhood government. Neighborhoods coordinate activities under the Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP), funded in the 1990s by the city and state who appropriated $400 million for it over twenty years.^[95] Minneapolis is divided into communities, each containing neighborhoods. In some cases two or more neighborhoods act together under one organization. Some areas are commonly known by nicknames of business associations.^[96]

The organizers of Earth Day scored Minneapolis ninth best overall and second among mid-sized cities in their 2007 Urban Environment Report, a study based on indicators of environmental health and their effect on people.^[97]

Early Minneapolis experienced a period of corruption in local government and crime was common until an economic downturn in the mid 1900s. Since 1950 the population decreased and much of downtown was lost to urban renewal and highway construction. The result was a "moribund and peaceful" environment until the 1990s.^[98] Along with economic recovery the murder rate climbed. The Minneapolis Police Department imported a computer system from New York City that sent officers to high crime areas despite accusations of racial profiling; the result was a drop in major crime. Since 1999 the number of homicides increased during four years, and to its highest in recent history in 2006.^[99] Politicians debate the causes and solutions, including increasing the number of police officers, providing youths with alternatives to gangs and drugs, and helping families in poverty. For 2007, the city invested in public safety infrastructure, hired over forty new officers, and has a new police chief, Tim Dolan.^[100]

Education

Minneapolis Public Schools enroll 36,370 students in public primary and secondary schools. The district administers about one hundred public schools including forty-five elementary schools, seven middle schools, seven high schools, eight special education schools, eight alternative schools, nineteen contract alternative schools and five charter schools. With authority granted by the state legislature, the school board makes policy, selects the superintendent, and oversees the district's budget, curriculum, personnel, and facilities. Students speak ninety different languages at home and most school communications are printed in English, Hmong, Spanish, and Somali.^[101] About 67% of students in the Minneapolis Public School system graduate, an increase over recent years when only 53% completed high school.^[102] Besides public schools, the city is home to more than twenty private schools and academies and about twenty additional charter schools.^[103]

Minneapolis' collegiate scene is dominated by the main campus of the University of Minnesota where more than 50,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attend twenty colleges, schools, and institutes.^[104] The graduate school programs ranked highest in 2007 were counseling and personnel services, chemical engineering, psychology, macroeconomics, applied mathematics and non-profit management.^[105] A Big Ten school and home of the Golden Gophers, the U of M is the fourth largest campus in the U.S. in terms of enrollment.^[106]

Minneapolis Community and Technical College, the private Dunwoody College of Technology, Minnesota School of Business & Globe University and Art Institutes International Minnesota provide career training. Augsburg College, Minneapolis College of Art and Design, and North Central University are private four-year colleges. Capella University, Minnesota School of Professional Psychology, and Walden University are headquartered in Minneapolis and some others including the public four-year Metropolitan State University and the private four-year University of St. Thomas have campuses there.^[107]

The Minneapolis Public Library system operates the city's public libraries. It faced a severe budget shortfall for 2007, and has been forced to close three of its neighborhood libraries.^[108] A merger with Hennepin County Library is proposed but not funded.^[109] The new downtown Central Library designed by César Pelli opened in 2006.^[110] Ten special collections hold over 25,000 books and resources for researchers, including the Minneapolis Collection and the Minneapolis Photo Collection.^[111] At recent count 1,696,453 items in the system are used annually and the library answers over 500,000 research and fact-finding questions each year.^[112]

Transportation

Half of Minneapolis-Saint Paul residents work in the city where they live.^[113] Most residents drive cars but 60% of the 160,000 people working downtown commute by means other than a single person per auto.^[114] Alternative transportation is encouraged. The Metropolitan Council's Metro Transit, which operates the light rail system and most of the city's buses, provides free travel vouchers through the Guaranteed Ride Home program to allay fears that commuters might otherwise be occasionally stranded if, for example, they work late hours.^[115] The Hiawatha Line LRT serves 34,000 riders daily and connects the Minneapolis-St. Paul International airport and Mall of America to downtown. Most of the line runs at surface level, although parts of the line run on elevated tracks (including the Franklin Ave. and Lake St./Midtown stations) and approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) of the line runs underground, including the Lindbergh terminal subway station at the airport. ^[116] The planned Central Corridor LRT will connect downtown with the University of Minnesota and downtown St. Paul via University Avenue. Expected completion is in 2014.^[117]

Seven miles (11 km) of enclosed pedestrian bridges called skyways link eighty city blocks downtown. Second floor restaurants and retailers connected to these passageways are open on weekdays.^[118]

The taxicab ordinance requires 10% wheelchair accessibility by 2009 and some use of alternative fuel or fuel efficient vehicles. Starting in 2011 the city's limit of 343 taxis will be lifted.^[119]

Ten thousand cyclists use the bike lanes in the city each day, and many ride in the winter. The Public Works Department expanded the bicycle trail system from the Grand Rounds to 56 miles (90 km) of off-street commuter trails including the Midtown Greenway, the Light Rail Trail, Kenilworth Trail, Cedar Lake Trail and the West River Parkway Trail along the Mississippi. Minneapolis also has 34 miles (54 km) of dedicated bike lanes on city streets and encourages cycling by equipping transit buses with bike racks and by providing online bicycle maps.^[121] Many of these trails and bridges, such as the Stone Arch Bridge, were former railroad lines that have now been converted for bicycles and pedestrians.^[122] In 2007 citing the city's bicycle lanes, buses and LRT, Forbes identified Minneapolis the world's fifth cleanest city.^[123]

Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport (MSP) sits on 3,400 acres (1,400 ha) ^[124] southeast of the city between Minnesota State Highway 5, Interstate 494, Minnesota State Highway 77, and Minnesota State Highway 62. The airport serves three international, twelve domestic, seven charter and four regional carriers^[125] and is a hub and home base for Northwest Airlines, Mesaba Airlines, and Sun Country Airlines.^[126]

Amtrak's Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle stops once daily in each direction at nearby Midway Station in St. Paul.^[127] Expected to open in 2009, a commuter rail line, the Northstar Corridor between downtown and Big Lake, Minnesota has been funded. It will utilize existing railroad tracks and will serve a projected 5,000 daily commuters.^[128]

Media

Five major newspapers are published in Minneapolis: Star Tribune, Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder, Finance and Commerce, the university's The Minnesota Daily and MinnPost.com. Other publications are the City Pages weekly, the Mpls.St.Paul and Minnesota Monthly monthlies, and Utne magazine.^[58] In 2008 readers of online news also used Minnesota Monitor, Twin Cities Daily Planet, Cursor, MNSpeak and about fifteen other sites.^[129] The New York Times said in 1996, "Now there are T-shirts that read, 'Murderapolis,'" a name for the city that members of the local media have mistakenly attributed to the paper.^[130]

Minneapolis has a mix of radio stations and healthy listener support for public radio but in the commercial market, a single organization Clear Channel Communications operates seven stations. Listeners support three Minnesota Public Radio non-profit stations, the Minneapolis Public Schools and the University of Minnesota each operate a station, the networks broadcast on affiliate stations, and religious organizations run two stations.^[131]

The city's first television was broadcast by the St. Paul station and ABC affiliate KSTP-TV. The first to broadcast in color was WCCO-TV, the CBS affiliate which is located in downtown Minneapolis.^[58] The city also receives FOX, NBC, PBS, MyNetworkTV and The CW through their affiliates and one independent station.^[132] Twins Brandon and Brenda Walsh were from Minneapolis on the TV series Beverly Hills, 90210.^[133] American Idol held auditions for its sixth season in Minneapolis in 2006^[134] and Last Comic Standing held auditions for its fifth season in Minneapolis in 2007.^[135] A statue of Mary Tyler Moore downtown on the Nicollet Mall commemorates the 1970s television situation comedy fictionally based in Minneapolis, Mary Tyler Moore. It was awarded three Golden Globes and thirty-one Emmy Awards.^[136]

Religion and charity

The Dakota people, the original inhabitants of the area where Minneapolis now stands, believed in the Great Spirit and were surprised that not all European settlers were religious.^[137] Over fifty denominations and religions and some well known churches have since been established in Minneapolis. Those who arrived from New England were for the most part Christian Protestants, Quakers, and Universalists.^[137] The oldest continuously used church in the city, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church in the Nicollet Island/East Bank neighborhood was built in 1856 by Universalists and soon afterward was acquired by a French Catholic congregation.^[138] Formed in 1878 as Shaarai Tov, in 1902 the first Jewish congregation in Minneapolis built the synagogue in East Isles known since 1920 as Temple Israel.^[32] St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral was founded in 1887, opened a missionary school in 1897 and in 1905 created the first Russian Orthodox seminary in the U.S.^[139] The first basilica in the U.S., the Roman Catholic Basilica of Saint Mary near Loring Park was named by Pope Pius XI.^[137]

The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, Decision magazine, and World Wide Pictures film and television distribution were headquartered in Minneapolis for about forty of the years between the late 1940s into the 2000s.^[140] Jim Bakker and Tammy Faye met while attending the Pentecostal North Central University and began a television ministry that by the 1980s reached 13.5 million households.^[141] Today, Mount Olivet Lutheran Church in southwest Minneapolis has 6,000 active members and is the world's largest Lutheran congregation.^[142] Christ Church Lutheran in the Longfellow neighborhood is among the finest work by architect Eliel Saarinen. The congregation later added an education building designed by his son Eero Saarinen.^[143]

Philanthropy and charitable giving are part of the community.^[144] More than 40% of adults in Minneapolis-St. Paul give time to volunteer work, the highest percent in the U.S.^[145] Catholic Charities is one of the largest providers of social services locally.^[146] The American Refugee Committee helps one million refugees and displaced persons in ten countries in Africa, the Balkans and Asia each year.^[147] Although no Minneapolis businesses are top corporate citizens, Business Ethics was based in Minneapolis and was the predecessor of CRO magazine for corporate responsibility officers.^[148] The oldest foundation in Minnesota, the Minneapolis Foundation invests and administers over nine hundred charitable funds and connects donors to nonprofit organizations.^[149] The metropolitan area gives 13% of its total charitable donations to the arts and culture. The majority of the estimated $1 billion recent expansion of arts facilities was contributed privately.^[150]

Health and utilities

Minneapolis has five hospitals, three ranked among America's best by U.S. News & World Report—Abbott Northwestern Hospital (part of Allina), Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC) and the University of Minnesota Medical Center.^[151] All three were founded under other names during the 1800s and early 1900s.^[152] The Britton Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Children's Hospitals and Clinics also serve the city. The Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota is a 75-minute drive away.^[153]

Cardiac surgery was developed at the university's Variety Club Hospital, where by 1957, more than two hundred patients had survived open-heart operations, many of them children. Working with surgeon C. Walton Lillehei, Medtronic began to build portable and implantable cardiac pacemakers about this time.^[154]

HCMC opened in 1887 as City Hospital and was also known as General Hospital.^[152] A public teaching hospital and Level I trauma center, the HCMC safety net sees 350,000 patient visits and 95,000 emergency room visits each year and in 2006 provided about 18% of the uncompensated care given in Minnesota.^[155]

Utility providers are regulated monopolies: Xcel Energy supplies electricity, CenterPoint Energy supplies gas, Qwest is the landline telephone provider, and Comcast is the cable service.^[156] In 2007 city-wide wireless internet coverage began, provided for 10 years by US Internet of Minnetonka to residents for about $20 per month and to businesses for $30.^[157] Minneapolis is one of the first cities to implement ciy-wide, public Wi-Fi, and as of July, 2008, much of the city was covered, although spots lacking coveage persisted on the East- and West-Central sections of the city.^[157]^[158] The city treats and distributes water and requires payment of a monthly solid waste fee for trash removal, recycling, and drop off for large items. Residents who recycle receive a credit. Hazardous waste is handled by Hennepin County drop off sites.^[156] After each significant snowfall, called a Snow Emergency, the Minneapolis Public Works Street Division plows over one thousand miles (1609 km) of streets and four hundred miles (643.7 km) of alleys—counting both sides, the distance between Minneapolis and Seattle and back. Ordinances govern parking on the plowing routes during these emergencies as well as snow shoveling throughout the city.^[159]

Sister cities

Citizens maintain international connections with eight sister cities:^[160]

Eldoret (Kenya) since 2000
Harbin (P.R. China) since 1992
Ibaraki (Japan) since 1980
Kuopio (Finland) since 1972

Novosibirsk (Russia) since 1988
Santiago (Chile) since 1961
Tours (France) since 1991
Uppsala (Sweden) since 2000

And informal connections with:

Hiroshima (Japan)

Kampala (Uganda)

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^ Gary Levin (July 10 2006). "Idol tryouts begin Aug. 8". USA Today. Gannett Company, Inc. Retrieved 2007-03-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "NBC's "Last Comic Standing" Live Tour". North Shore Music Theatre. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
^ "Mary Tyler Moore statue". Meet Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-03-21.and "Awards for "Mary Tyler Moore" (1970)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-03-14.
^ ^a ^b ^c "A History of Minneapolis: Religion". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). Retrieved 2007-04-30.
^ "Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church". Yahoo! Travel. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
^ FitzGerald, Thomas E. (1998). The Orthodox Church. Praeger/Greenwood. ISBN 0-27596-438-8. and "About St. Mary's". St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral. 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
^ "Billy Graham and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association - Historical Background". Billy Graham Center. November 11 2004. Retrieved 2007-03-19. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Camhi, Leslie (July 23 2000). "FILM; The Fabulousness Of Tammy Faye". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-04-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Vaughan, John N. (January 2005). "Growth Trends". Church Report. Christy Media, LLC. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
^ "Eliel Saarinen". Encyclopaedia Britannica. and "Koulun sijainti / School location". Finnish Language School of Minnesota. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
^ "A History of Minneapolis: Social Services". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-12.
^ Ohlemacher, Stephen (July 9 2007). "Detroit area has volunteer spirit". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2007-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "Catholic Charities of St. Paul & Minneapolis". Charity Navigator. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
^ "American Refugee Committee International". Charity Navigator. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
^ "History". Business Ethics (business-ethics.com). 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-19. and "100 Best Corporate Citizens Repeat Performers". CRO (thecro.com). 2006–2007. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
^ "The Minneapolis Foundation". Charity Navigator. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
^ Cohen, Burt (May 2006). "The Spirit of Giving" (PDF). Mpls.St.Paul (via Meet Minneapolis). Retrieved 2007-03-21.
^ "Best Hospitals 2006". U.S.News & World Report. U.S.News & World Report, L.P. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
^ ^a ^b "A History of Minneapolis: Medicine". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-12.
^ "Rochester, Minnesota Campus". Mayo Foundation. Retrieved 2007-03-15.
^ Jeffrey, Kirk (2001). Machines in Our Hearts: The Cardiac Pacemaker, the Implantable Defibrillator, and American Health Care. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 59–65. ISBN 0-80186-579-4.
^ "Verified Trauma Centers". American College of Surgeons. March 9 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "About HCMC". and "HCMC Governance". Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC). Retrieved 2007-06-26.
^ ^a ^b "Utilities". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
^ ^a ^b "Wireless Minneapolis Frequently Asked Questions". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
^ "Wireless Minneapolis Coverage Map". USI Wireless. 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
^ "Snow and Ice Control". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
^ "International Connections". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2008-05-21.

External links

City of Minneapolis — Official site

Visitors

44°58′37″N 93°15′58″W / 44.977°N 93.266°W / 44.977; -93.266

Template:USLargestCities Template:USLargestMetros

[population-metroarea-1] "Table 2: Population Estimates for the 100 Most Populous Metropolitan Statistical Areas Based on July 1, 2006 Population Estimates: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2007-04-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[AFF-2006-2] "Minneapolis city, Minnesota". U.S. Census Bureau. 2006. Retrieved 2008-03-02.

[3] "Minneapolis City Council Official Proceedings: Regular Meeting of July 20, 2007 (Resolution 2007R-370)" (PDF). (published 2007-07-28, in Finance and Commerce). Retrieved 2007-08-12. and "150 Years of Statehood". Minnesota Sesquicentennial Commission. Retrieved 2007-07-21.

[Emporis-4] "Minneapolis". Emporis Buildings (emporis.com). Retrieved 2007-03-18.

[Connecticut-5] "American's Most Literate Cities". Central Connecticut State University. 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-04.

[6] Nocera, Joe (December 22, 2007). "The capital of corporate philanthropy". International Herald Tribune. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-01-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "A History of Minneapolis: Social Services". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. Retrieved 2008-01-11.

[7] "Dakota Dictionary Online". University of Minnesota Department of American Indian Studies (fmdb.cla.umn.edu). and "A History of Minneapolis: Naming of Minneapolis". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. Retrieved 2007-03-18.

[8] Kappler, Charles J., Washington: Government Printing Office, ed. (1904), Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, vol. II (Treaties, 1778-1883), Oklahoma State University Library{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link). and "Treaty with the Sioux". 1837-09-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "Treaty with the Sioux—Sisseton and Wahpeton Bands". 1851-07-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "Treaty With the Sioux—Mdewakanton and Wapahkoota Bands". 1851-08-05. Retrieved 2007-06-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[MplsLib-Dakota-9] "A History of Minneapolis: Mdewakanton Band of the Dakota Nation, Parts I and II". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. and "A History of Minneapolis: Minneapolis Becomes Part of the United States"., and "A History of Minneapolis: Governance and Infrastructure". and "A History of Minneapolis: Railways". Retrieved 2007-04-30..

[10] "History of Technology". HistoryWorld (historyworld.net). Retrieved 2007-04-04.

[11] Anfinson, Scott F. (1989). "Part 2: Archaeological Explorations and Interpretive Potentials: Chapter 4 Interpretive Potentials". The Minnesota Archaeologist. 49. The Institute for Minnesota Archaeology. Retrieved 2007-04-03.

[12] Frame, Robert M. III, Jeffrey Hess (January 1990). "West Side Milling District, Historic American Engineering Record MN-16". U.S. National Park Service (via U.S. Library of Congress). p. 2. Retrieved 2007-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[13] Salisbury, Rollin D., Harlan Harland Barrows, Walter Sheldon Tower (1912). The Elements of Geography. University of Michigan, reprinted by H. Holt and company. p. 441. Retrieved 2007-06-27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[14] "History". Mill City Museum. Retrieved 2007-04-04.

[15] Atwater, Isaac (1893). History of the City of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Munsell (via Google Books). pp. 257–262. Retrieved 2007-04-23.

[16] "1934 Truckers' Strike (Minneapolis)". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-05-05.

[17] Reichard, Gary W. (Summer 1998). "Mayor Hubert H. Humphrey". Minnesota History. 56 (2). Minnesota Historical Society: 50–67. Retrieved 2007-05-06.

[18] Harry Davis (February 21 2003). Almanac (RealVideo). Twin Cities Public Television. {{cite AV media}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "American Indian Movement". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-26.

[19] Hart, Joseph (1998-05-06). "Room at the Bottom". City Pages. 19 (909). Village Voice Media. Retrieved 2007-04-01. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[20] "Engineering the Falls: The Corps Role at St. Anthony Falls". US Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi Valley Division, St. Paul District. Retrieved 2007-08-11.

[21] "Mississippi: River Facts". U.S. National Park Service. 2006-08-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "Police Recruiting: About Minneapolis". City of Minneapolis. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-29.

[22] "Minneapolis". Encarta. 1993–2007. and "Minnesota—Place and County Subdivision". U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

[23] "State of the City: Physical Environment" (PDF). Minneapolis Planning Division. 2003. Retrieved 2007-04-27.

[24] "State of the City" (PDF). Planning Division of the Minneapolis Department of Community Planning and Economic Development. 2003. Retrieved 2007-08-07.

[25] "Water Resources Report" (PDF). Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board. 2003. Retrieved 2007-08-07.

[26] "The 45th Parallel". Wurlington Bros. Press. Retrieved 2007-01-18.

[27] "Minnesota Preservation Planner IX (2)" (PDF). Minnesota Historical Society. Spring 1998. Retrieved 2007-03-21. and Bonham, Tim (10 June, 2001). "email". Retrieved 2007-01-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "Elevations and Distances in the United States". U.S. Department of the Interior — U.S. Geological Survey. April 29 2005. Retrieved 2007-04-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[28] Fisk, Charles (March 3 2007). "Links to Some of the More Interesting Years With Accompanying Notes". Retrieved 2007-03-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[29] 45.4 °F for 1971 through 2000 per U.S. Census who cites "Normals 1971–2000". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2007-03-25. or 44.6 °F (7.0 °C) per Fisk, Charles (March 3 2007). "Minneapolis-St. Paul Area Daily Climatological History of Temperature, Precipitation, and Snowfall, A Year-by-Year Graphical Portrayal (1820–Present)". Retrieved 2007-03-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[weather1-30] "Monthly Averages for Minneapolis, MN". The Weather Channel. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)

[Immigrants-31] GR Anderson Jr (October 1 2003). "Living in America". City Pages. Retrieved 2008-04-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[Nathanson-32] Nathanson, Iric. "Jews in Minnesota" (PDF). Jewish Community Relations Council. Retrieved 2007-04-14.

[residents-33] "A History of Minneapolis: Residents of the City". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

[Brookings-34] "Minneapolis/St. Paul in Focus: A Profile from Census 2000". Metropolitan Policy Program, The Brookings Institution. November 2003. Retrieved 2008-04-29.

[Census-Fact-35] "American Fact Finder". U.S. Census Bureau. 2005. Retrieved 2007-01-08.

[36] Gates, Gary J. (October 2006). "Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey" (PDF). Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved 2008-02-26.

[Harvard-37] "Minneapolis--St. Paul, MN--WI: Summary Profile". Harvard University. 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-29.

[MetCouncil-38] "Key Facts - Trouble at the Core Update". Metropolitan Council. 2007-11-07. Retrieved 2008-04-29.

[39] Gibson, Campbell (June 1998). "Table 1. Rank by Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places, Listed Alphabetically by State: 1790-1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2007-05-01.

[40] "Company Overview". Target Corporation. 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

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[42] "Fortune 500: Minnesota". Cable News Network, Time Warner. 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-28.

[43] Black, Sam (2006-01-26). "Top employer in downtown Minneapolis: Target". Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal. American City Business Journals, Inc. Retrieved 2007-09-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[44] Pacella, Rena Marie (2005). "Top Tech City: Minneapolis, MN". Popular Science. Retrieved 2007-01-18.

[45] Jane Bennett Clark (October 2005). "Seven Cool Cities". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. The Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc. Retrieved 2007-02-11. and "50 Smart Places to Live: #2 Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn". The Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc. (Kiplinger.com). June 1 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[46] "The Role of Metro Areas in the U.S. Economy" (PDF). Global Insight. 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-12. and "Personal Income and Per Capita Personal Income by Metropolitan Area, 2003–2005". Bureau of Economic Analysis. September 6 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[47] Levy, David (December 1992). "Interview with Paul Volcker". The Region. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) and "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis". Retrieved 2007-04-30.

[48] "Buyers & Processors". North Dakota Wheat Commission. Retrieved 2007-04-02.

[49] Kamin, Blair (March 31, 2008). "Guthrie Theater architect Nouvel wins Pritzker Prize". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-03-31. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[McClatchy-50] "Newspapers: Star Tribune". The McClatchy Company. Retrieved 2007-02-11.

[51] Horwich, Jeff (April 6 2005). "Council moves closer to theater deal, but concerns remain". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved 2007-03-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "Music & Theater". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

[Joubert-52] Joubert, Claire (May 2006). "Boom Town" (PDF). Mpls.St.Paul (via Meet Minneapolis). Retrieved 2007-03-21.

[53] "Guthrie Theater". Minnesota Historical Society. and "Theater History". Guthrie Theater. Retrieved 2007-04-23.

[54] "Theatre History". Hennepin Theatre Trust. Retrieved 2007-03-17.

[55] "Minnesota Shubert Performing Arts and Education Center" (PDF). Artspace Projects, Inc. Retrieved 2007-07-29.

[56] "Minneapolis Sculpture Garden". Retrieved 2007-03-18.

[57] Abbe, Mary (March 8 2007). "A twist in the tinfoil—Gehry doing Weisman addition". Star Tribune. Avista Capital Partners. Retrieved 2007-03-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[MPL-media-58] "A History of Minneapolis: News, Media and Publishing". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

[Chamberlain-59] Chamberlain, Lisa (April 30, 2008). "With Books as a Catalyst, Minneapolis Neighborhood Revives". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-04-30. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[60] Palmer, Caroline (2000-04-26). "Footsteps". City Pages. 21 (1012). Village Voice Media. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and Minneapolis Arts Commission; et al. (June 2005). "The Minneapolis Plan for Arts & Culture" (PDF). City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-06-29. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[61] Matos, Michaelangelo in Brackett, Nathan (2004-11-02). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4 ed.). Fireside. p. 64. ISBN 0-74320-169-8. Retrieved 2007-04-30. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[62] "The Twin/Tone catalog". Twin/Tone Records. 1978–1998. Retrieved 2007-01-15.

[63] "First Avenue & 7th Street Entry Band Files". Minnesota Historical Society. 1999–2004. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

[64] Oestreich, James R. (December 17 2006). "MUSIC; A Most Audacious Dare Reverberates". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-04-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[65] "History". Minnesota Opera. Retrieved 2007-03-18.

[66] Mack, Linda (January 10, 2008). "MacPhail: a new note for the Minneapolis riverfront". MinnPost. Retrieved 2008-01-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[67] "Minnesota Spoken Word Association". Retrieved 2007-03-18.

[68] Atmosphere (January 4 2005). "I Wish Those Cats @ Fobia Would Give Me Some Free Shoes" and "Sep Seven Game Show Them" and "7th St. Entry" on Headshots: SE7EN remastered. Rhymesayers, ASIN: B0006SSRXS [Explicit lyrics].

[MPL-Sports-69] "A History of Minneapolis: Amateur Sports". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. and "A History of Minneapolis: Professional Sports". Minneapolis Public Library. 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

[70] "About The AWA". AWA Wrestling Entertainment. 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-16.

[71] "History of the Metrodome". Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission. 2006. and "Hubert H. Humphrey MetroDome". Ticket King. Retrieved 2007-03-31.

[Stadium-Funding-72] Schill, Katherine, Cynthia Templin, Doug Berg (fiscal analysts) (July 2006). "Sports Stadium Funding: A Summary of Actions by the 2006 Legislature" (PDF). Minnesota House of Representatives. Retrieved 2008-04-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[73] Mador, Jessica (April 19, 2007). "With no payment plan in place, Vikings push $954M stadium project". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved 2008-04-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[nytsports-74] George, Thomas (1989-05-25). "Minneapolis Gets 1992 Super Bowl". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

[hickok-75] "1992 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament". HickokSports.com. 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

[skating-76] Brodie, Rob (1998-04-06). "Bourne, Kraatz saved Worlds". Ottawa Sun. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

[77] "Summary: National Collegiate/Division I Men's" (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). through 2005–2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "Summary: National Collegiate/Division I Women's" (PDF). NCAA. through 2005–2006. Retrieved 2007-10-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[Garvin-78] Garvin, Alexander (June 19 2002). The American City : What Works, What Doesn't (2 ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 67. ISBN 0-07137-367-5. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[79] Loring, Charles M. (1915, read 11 November 1912). History of the Parks and Public Grounds of Minneapolis. Minnesota Historical Society, University of Michigan (via Google Books). pp. 601–602. Retrieved 2007-04-11. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and Nadenicek, Daniel J. and Neckar, Lance M. in Cleveland, H. W. S. (April 2002). Landscape Architecture, as Applied to the Wants of the West; with an Essay on Forest Planting on the Great Plains. University of Massachusetts Press, ASLA Centennial Reprint Series. p. xli. ISBN 1-55849-330-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[80] "Grand Rounds Scenic Byway". National Scenic Byways Online (byways.org).

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[82] "Theodore Wirth (1863–1949)". National Recreation and Park Association. Retrieved 2007-04-24.

[83] Magnusson, Jemilah (March/April 2005). "The Top 10 Green Cities in the U.S." The Green Guide. 107. National Geographic Society (TheGreenGuide.com). {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "Minneapolis Local Surface Water Management Plan" (PDF). Minneapolis Public Works & Engineering. undated, refers to 2000 census. Retrieved 2007-04-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[parksone-84] Walsh, Paul (2008-07-08). "Minneapolis, St. Paul parks shine in national report". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2008-07-17.

[85] Cairn, Rich and Susan (2003). "History of Minnehaha Creek Watershed" (PDF). Minnehahacreek.org. Retrieved 2007-08-17.

[Minnehaha-86] "Minnehaha Park". Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board. Retrieved 2007-03-25.

[87] "Theodore Wirth Park, MN". National Scenic Byways Online (byways.org). and "FAQs". Central Park Conservancy (centralparknyc.org). 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-25.

[88] "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-30.

[89] Adams, Lori. "The 25 Best Running Cities in America". Runner's World. Rodale. Retrieved 2007-04-14. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[90] "Twin Cities Marathon". Twin Cities Marathon (mtcmarathon.org). Retrieved 2007-03-29.

[91] "What's Happening in the Area". Mall of America. Retrieved 2007-03-30.

[92] "America's 100 Greatest Golf Courses/2007-08". Golf Digest. 2007.

[93] "Inventor of the Week Archive: Scott & Brennan Olson (spelling corrected per rowbike.com)". Lemelson-MIT, MIT School of Engineering. August 1997. Retrieved 2007-02-25.

[94] "City Council". City of Minneapolis. and "Minneapolis City Council candidates". E-Democracy (e-democracy.org). October 26 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and Anderson, G.R. Jr. (2002-07-10). "The Compulsiveness of the Long-Distance Runner". City Pages. 23 (1127). Village Voice Media. Retrieved 2007-03-21. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "Board of Estimate and Taxation". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-06-27.

[95] Fagotto, Elena, Archon Fung (February 15 2005). "The Minneapolis Neighborhood Revitalization Program: An Experiment in Empowered Participatory Governance" (PDF). Institute of Development Studies, LogoLink (ids.ac.uk). Retrieved 2007-04-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[96] "City of Minneapolis. Neighborhoods & Communities" (PDF). GIS Business Services, City of Minneapolis. 2004, updated January 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "City of Minneapolis Business Associations" (PDF). Minneapolis Community Planning and Economic Development (CPED) Department. November 17 2005. Retrieved 2007-02-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[97] "Urban Environment Report, City Environment Data: Minneapolis, Minnesota". Earth Day Network. Retrieved 2007-02-24.

[98] Moskowitz, Dara (1995-10-11). "Minneapolis Confidential". City Pages. 16 (775). Village Voice Media. Retrieved 2007-03-21. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[99] "Uniform Crime Reports". Minneapolis Police Department, CODEFOR Unit. Retrieved 2007-02-10.

[100] Williams, Brandt (January 9 2007). "Homicide problem awaits Minneapolis' new police chief". Minnesota Public Radio. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and Scheck, Tom (August 25 2005). "Sparks fly at Minneapolis mayoral debate". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved 2007-03-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[101] "MPS Facts 2006–2007". Minneapolis Public Schools. and "About MPS". and "Board of Education". Retrieved 2007-03-24.

[102] Diaz, Kevin (March 31, 2008). "Minneapolis schools get failing grade on dropouts". Star Tribune. Avista Capital Partners. Retrieved 2008-04-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[103] "Alphabetical List of Nonpublic Schools". Minnesota Department of Education. 2005. and "Charter Schools". 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

[104] "Minnesota, University of". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

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[106] "NCES Digest of Education Statistics". 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

[107] "Post-Secondary Schools". Minnesota Department of Education. 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

[108] "Frequently Asked Questions: Library Board Decisions and Libraries Closing". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2007-02-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[109] Oder, Norman (2007-06-07). "Minneapolis, Hennepin Library Merger Hits Another Hump". Library Journal. Reed Business Information, Reed Elsevier. Retrieved 2007-06-22. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[110] "Arts at MPL: Cesar Pelli". February 2 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[111] "Unique Collections". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). March 15 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[112] "MPL Annual Report" (PDF). 2004. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

[113] "Minneapolis/St. Paul in Focus: A Profile from Census 2000" (PDF). Brookings Institution, Living Cities Census Series. 2003. Retrieved 2007-04-08.

[114] Cati Vanden Breul (September 28 2005). "Downtown Minneapolis named one of 17 best commuting districts". The Minnesota Daily. Retrieved 2007-03-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[115] "Guaranteed Ride Home". Metro Transit. Retrieved 2007-06-26.

[116] "APTA Transit Ridership Report" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. Third Quarter, 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "Hiawatha Line". Metro Transit. 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-03.

[117] "Central Corridor next steps and timeline". Metropolitan Council. April 2 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[118] "Skyways". Meet Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-03-21. and Gill, N.S. "Skyways: Downtown Minneapolis and St. Paul Skyways". About.com. About, Inc., The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2007-03-15.

[119] "Amending ordinance relating to Taxicabs" (PDF). City of Minneapolis. 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-16.

[120] "2006 Downtown Minneapolis Traffic Volumes" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Transportation. 2006. Retrieved 2007-08-07.

[121] "Where to Ride in Minneapolis". City of Minneapolis. 1997–2004. Retrieved 2007-04-16.

[122] "Stone Arch Bridge". Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board. Retrieved 2007-03-16.

[123] Malone, Robert (2007-04-16). "Which Are The World's Cleanest Cities?". Forbes. Retrieved 2007-04-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[124] "History and Mission". Metropolitan Airports Commission. Retrieved 2007-06-27.

[125] "A History of Minneapolis: Air Transportation". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

[126] "Pilot Groups". Air Line Pilots Association. Retrieved 2007-03-15.

[127] "St. Paul-Minneapolis, MN (MSP)". Amtrak. Retrieved 2007-04-26.

[128] "Facts and Figures". Minnesota Department of Transportation and Northstar Corridor Development Authority. Retrieved 2007-03-16.

[129] Córdova, Cristina (February 19, 2008). "All the News That Fits—and Then Some". The Rake. Rake Publishing. Retrieved 2008-03-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[130] Anderson, G.R. Jr. (2007-03-21). "The Human Shield". City Pages. 28 (1372). Village Voice Media. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and Shortal, Jana (April 6 2007). "Gang violence on the rise? Some veteran officers say Yes". KARE-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and Johnson, Dirk (June 30 1996). "Nice City's Nasty Distinction: Murders Soar in Minneapolis". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-04-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[131] December, John (March 1 2007). "Media - Radio - Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, USA". {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "HD Radio: Minneapolis-St. Paul". iBiquity Digital Corporation. Retrieved 2007-03-18.

[132] Weeks, John (2003). "Minneapolis / St. Paul: Minnesota Twin Cities Area: Digital TV & HDTV Cheat Sheet". Retrieved 2007-03-18.

[133] Sparling, David A., Internet Movie Database. "Plot summary for "Beverly Hills, 90210"". Retrieved 2007-03-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[134] Gary Levin (July 10 2006). "Idol tryouts begin Aug. 8". USA Today. Gannett Company, Inc. Retrieved 2007-03-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[135] "NBC's "Last Comic Standing" Live Tour". North Shore Music Theatre. Retrieved 2007-05-15.

[136] "Mary Tyler Moore statue". Meet Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-03-21.and "Awards for "Mary Tyler Moore" (1970)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-03-14.

[religion-137] "A History of Minneapolis: Religion". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). Retrieved 2007-04-30.

[138] "Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church". Yahoo! Travel. Retrieved 2007-04-30.

[139] FitzGerald, Thomas E. (1998). The Orthodox Church. Praeger/Greenwood. ISBN 0-27596-438-8. and "About St. Mary's". St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral. 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-19.

[140] "Billy Graham and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association - Historical Background". Billy Graham Center. November 11 2004. Retrieved 2007-03-19. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[141] Camhi, Leslie (July 23 2000). "FILM; The Fabulousness Of Tammy Faye". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-04-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[142] Vaughan, John N. (January 2005). "Growth Trends". Church Report. Christy Media, LLC. Retrieved 2007-04-30.

[143] "Eliel Saarinen". Encyclopaedia Britannica. and "Koulun sijainti / School location". Finnish Language School of Minnesota. Retrieved 2007-08-07.

[144] "A History of Minneapolis: Social Services". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

[145] Ohlemacher, Stephen (July 9 2007). "Detroit area has volunteer spirit". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2007-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[146] "Catholic Charities of St. Paul & Minneapolis". Charity Navigator. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-30.

[147] "American Refugee Committee International". Charity Navigator. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-30.

[148] "History". Business Ethics (business-ethics.com). 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-19. and "100 Best Corporate Citizens Repeat Performers". CRO (thecro.com). 2006–2007. Retrieved 2007-03-19.

[149] "The Minneapolis Foundation". Charity Navigator. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-30.

[150] Cohen, Burt (May 2006). "The Spirit of Giving" (PDF). Mpls.St.Paul (via Meet Minneapolis). Retrieved 2007-03-21.

[151] "Best Hospitals 2006". U.S.News & World Report. U.S.News & World Report, L.P. Retrieved 2007-03-22.

[medicine-152] "A History of Minneapolis: Medicine". Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us). 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

[153] "Rochester, Minnesota Campus". Mayo Foundation. Retrieved 2007-03-15.

[154] Jeffrey, Kirk (2001). Machines in Our Hearts: The Cardiac Pacemaker, the Implantable Defibrillator, and American Health Care. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 59–65. ISBN 0-80186-579-4.

[155] "Verified Trauma Centers". American College of Surgeons. March 9 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) and "About HCMC". and "HCMC Governance". Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC). Retrieved 2007-06-26.

[City-Utilities-156] "Utilities". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-04-07.

[wififaq-157] "Wireless Minneapolis Frequently Asked Questions". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-04-07.

[usiw-158] "Wireless Minneapolis Coverage Map". USI Wireless. 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-19.

[159] "Snow and Ice Control". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2007-05-04.

[160] "International Connections". City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 2008-05-21.

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |nickname                 = City of Lakes, Mill City, Mini-Apple
 |motto                    = ''En Avant'' (French: 'Forward')
-|image_skyline            = Downtown Minneapolis-20070816.jpg
+|image_skyline            = Flag of Germany 1933.svg
 |imagesize                =
 |image_caption            = [[Downtown West, Minneapolis|Downtown]] seen from the [[North Loop, Minneapolis|North Loop]]
-|image_flag               = Minneapolis flag.svg
+|image_flag               = Flag of Germany 1933.svg
-|image_seal               = Minneapolis seal.gif
+|image_seal               = Flag of Germany 1933.svg
+|image_map = Flag of Germany 1933.svg
-|image_map = Hennepin_County_Minnesota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Minneapolis_Highlighted.svg
 |mapsize                  = 250px
 |map_caption              = Location in [[Hennepin County, Minnesota|Hennepin County]] and the state of [[Minnesota]]
@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 ==History==
 {{main|History of Minneapolis, Minnesota}}
-[[Image:Little Crow-cropped image.jpg|thumb|left|[[Taoyateduta]] was among the 121 [[Sioux]] leaders who from 1837 to 1851 ceded what is now Minneapolis.<ref>{{citation | editor-last=Kappler | editor-first=Charles J., Washington: Government Printing Office | title= Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties | volume= II (Treaties, 1778-1883) | date=1904 | publisher= Oklahoma State University Library}}. and {{cite web | url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm#mn1 | title=Treaty with the Sioux | date=[[1837-09-29]]}} and {{cite web | title=Treaty with the Sioux—Sisseton and Wahpeton Bands | url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0588.htm | date=[[1851-07-23]]}} and {{cite web | title=Treaty With the Sioux—Mdewakanton and Wapahkoota Bands | url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0591.htm | date=[[1851-08-05]]|accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref>]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|[[Taoyateduta]] was among the 121 [[Sioux]] leaders who from 1837 to 1851 ceded what is now Minneapolis.<ref>{{citation | editor-last=Kappler | editor-first=Charles J., Washington: Government Printing Office | title= Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties | volume= II (Treaties, 1778-1883) | date=1904 | publisher= Oklahoma State University Library}}. and {{cite web | url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm#mn1 | title=Treaty with the Sioux | date=[[1837-09-29]]}} and {{cite web | title=Treaty with the Sioux—Sisseton and Wahpeton Bands | url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0588.htm | date=[[1851-07-23]]}} and {{cite web | title=Treaty With the Sioux—Mdewakanton and Wapahkoota Bands | url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0591.htm | date=[[1851-08-05]]|accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref>]]
 Dakota [[Sioux]] were the region's sole residents until [[explorer]]s arrived from France in about 1680. Nearby [[Fort Snelling, Minnesota|Fort Snelling]], built in 1819 by the [[United States Army]], spurred growth in the area. Circumstances pressed the [[Mdewakanton]] band of the Dakota to sell their land, allowing people arriving from the east to settle there. The Minnesota Territorial Legislature authorized present day Minneapolis as a town on the Mississippi's west bank in 1856. Minneapolis incorporated as a city in 1867, the year rail service began between Minneapolis and Chicago, and joined with the east bank city of St. Anthony in 1872.<ref name="MplsLib-Dakota">{{cite web | publisher= Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us) | date=2001 | title=A History of Minneapolis: Mdewakanton Band of the Dakota Nation, Parts I and II | url=http://www.mpls.lib.mn.us/history/eh1.asp}} and {{cite web | title=A History of Minneapolis: Minneapolis Becomes Part of the United States| url=http://www.mpls.lib.mn.us/history/eh3.asp}}, and {{cite web | title=A History of Minneapolis: Governance and Infrastructure | url= http://www.mpls.lib.mn.us/history/cg1.asp}} and {{cite web | title=A History of Minneapolis: Railways | url= http://www.mpls.lib.mn.us/history/tr2.asp | accessdate=2007-04-30}}.</ref>
-[[Image:Loaders-Pillsbury-Minneapolis.jpg|thumb|upright|Loading [[flour]], [[Pillsbury Company|Pillsbury]], 1939</small>]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|upright|Loading [[flour]], [[Pillsbury Company|Pillsbury]], 1939</small>]]
 Minneapolis grew up around [[Saint Anthony Falls]], the only [[waterfall]] on the Mississippi. Millers have used [[hydropower]] since the 1st century B.C.,<ref>{{cite web| publisher= HistoryWorld (historyworld.net) | title= History of Technology| url= http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1222| date= | accessdate= 2007-04-04}}</ref> but the results in Minneapolis between 1880 and 1930 were so remarkable the city has been described as "the greatest direct-drive waterpower center the world has ever seen."<ref>{{cite journal| author= Anfinson, Scott F.| title= Part 2: Archaeological Explorations and Interpretive Potentials: Chapter 4 Interpretive Potentials| url= http://www.fromsitetostory.org/sources/papers/mnarch49/49a-concl.asp| date= 1989| journal= The Minnesota Archaeologist|publisher=The Institute for Minnesota Archaeology | volume=49| accessdate= 2007-04-03}}</ref> In early years, [[forest]]s in northern Minnesota were the source of a [[lumber]] industry that operated seventeen [[saw mill]]s on power from the waterfall. By 1871, the west river bank had twenty-three businesses including flour mills, woolen mills, iron works, a railroad machine shop, and mills for cotton, paper, sashes, and planing wood.<ref>{{cite web| author= Frame, Robert M. III, Jeffrey Hess| title= West Side Milling District, Historic American Engineering Record MN-16| publisher= U.S. National Park Service (via U.S. Library of Congress) | pages= 2| url= http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mn/mn0100/mn0100/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=2&itemLink=r?pp/hh:@FIELD(DOCID+@BAND(@lit(MN0100)))| date= January 1990| accessdate= 2007-04-16}}</ref> The farmers of the [[Great Plains]] grew [[grain]] that was shipped by rail to the city's thirty-four [[grist mill|flour mills]] where [[Pillsbury Company|Pillsbury]] and [[General Mills]] became processors. By 1905 Minneapolis delivered almost 10% of the country's [[flour]] and [[grist]].<ref>{{cite book| last= Salisbury, Rollin D., Harlan Harland Barrows, Walter Sheldon Tower| title= The Elements of Geography| date= 1912| publisher= University of Michigan, reprinted by H. Holt and company| pages= 441| url= http://books.google.com/books?vid=0_4TqunTYNFlQnPEq4&id=tPkBbeU1u-kC
 | accessdate=2007-06-27}}</ref> At peak production, a [[Washburn "A" Mill|single mill at Washburn-Crosby]] made enough flour for twelve million loaves of bread each day.<ref>{{cite web| title= History| publisher= Mill City Museum| url= http://www.millcitymuseum.org/history.html| date=| accessdate= 2007-04-04}}</ref>
@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 During the 1950s and 1960s as part of [[urban renewal]], the city razed about two hundred buildings across twenty-five city blocks—roughly 40% of downtown, destroying the [[Gateway District (Minneapolis)|Gateway District]] and many buildings with notable architecture including the [[Metropolitan Building]]. Efforts to save the building failed but are credited with jumpstarting interest in historic preservation in the state.<ref>{{cite journal | last= Hart | first= Joseph | title= Room at the Bottom | journal= City Pages|publisher=Village Voice Media |volume= 19 | issue= 909 | date= [[1998-05-06]] | url= http://citypages.com/databank/19/909/article4952.asp| accessdate= 2007-04-01 }}</ref>
-{{Wide image|Panorama-Minneapolis-1915.jpg|1000px|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] riverfront and [[Saint Anthony Falls]] in 1915. At left, [[Pillsbury "A" Mill|Pillsbury]], power plants and the [[Stone Arch Bridge (Minneapolis)|Stone Arch Bridge]]. Today the [[Minnesota Historical Society]]'s Mill City Museum is in the [[Washburn "A" Mill]], across the river just to the left of the falls. At center left are [[Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company|Northwestern Consolidated]] mills. The tall building is [[Minneapolis City Hall]]. In the foreground to the right are [[Nicollet Island]] and the [[Hennepin Avenue Bridge]].}}
+{{Wide image|Flag of Germany 1933.svg|1000px|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] riverfront and [[Saint Anthony Falls]] in 1915. At left, [[Pillsbury "A" Mill|Pillsbury]], power plants and the [[Stone Arch Bridge (Minneapolis)|Stone Arch Bridge]]. Today the [[Minnesota Historical Society]]'s Mill City Museum is in the [[Washburn "A" Mill]], across the river just to the left of the falls. At center left are [[Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company|Northwestern Consolidated]] mills. The tall building is [[Minneapolis City Hall]]. In the foreground to the right are [[Nicollet Island]] and the [[Hennepin Avenue Bridge]].}}
 ==Geography and climate==
 {{main|Geography of Minneapolis, Minnesota|Climate of the Twin Cities|Climate of Minnesota}}
-[[Image:SaintAnthonyFalls.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lake Agassiz|Glacial meltwaters]] formed [[Saint Anthony Falls]] near [[Fort Snelling]] about ten thousand years ago. Rushing water undercut [[sandstone]] and collapsed [[limestone]], moving the falls eight&nbsp;miles (13&nbsp;km) to the northwest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Engineering the Falls: The Corps Role at St. Anthony Falls|publisher=US Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi Valley Division, St. Paul District|url=http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/history/engineering/|accessdate=2007-08-11}}</ref>]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|[[Lake Agassiz|Glacial meltwaters]] formed [[Saint Anthony Falls]] near [[Fort Snelling]] about ten thousand years ago. Rushing water undercut [[sandstone]] and collapsed [[limestone]], moving the falls eight&nbsp;miles (13&nbsp;km) to the northwest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Engineering the Falls: The Corps Role at St. Anthony Falls|publisher=US Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi Valley Division, St. Paul District|url=http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/history/engineering/|accessdate=2007-08-11}}</ref>]]
 Minneapolis history and the city's economic growth are tied to water, the city's defining physical characteristic, which was sent to the region during the [[Wisconsin glaciation|last ice age]]. Fed by receding [[glacier]]s and [[Lake Agassiz]] ten thousand years ago, torrents of water from a [[Glacial River Warren|glacial river]] undercut the Mississippi and Minnehaha riverbeds, creating waterfalls important to modern Minneapolis.<ref>{{cite web| title= Mississippi: River Facts| publisher= U.S. National Park Service| date= [[2006-08-14]]| url= http://www.nps.gov/miss/forteachers/brjrrivefact.htm}} and {{cite web| publisher= City of Minneapolis| title= Police Recruiting: About Minneapolis| date= 2006| url= http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/police/recruiting/aboutmpls.asp| accessdate= 2007-04-29}}</ref> Lying on an [[artesian aquifer]]<ref name=Emporis /> and otherwise flat terrain, Minneapolis has a total area of {{convert|58.4|sqmi|km2|1}} and of this 6% is water.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| title= Minneapolis| encyclopedia= Encarta| url= http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572218/Minneapolis.html| date= 1993–2007}} and {{cite web| publisher= U.S. Census Bureau| title= Minnesota—Place and County Subdivision| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?-geo_id=04000US27&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_ST7&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U| date= 2000| accessdate= 2007-03-24}}</ref> Water is managed by [[drainage basin|watershed]] districts that correspond to the Mississippi and the city's three [[stream|creeks]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Minneapolis Planning Division| title= State of the City: Physical Environment| url= http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/planning/soc03/2003PhyEnv.pdf | format = PDF | date= 2003| accessdate= 2007-04-27}}</ref> Twelve lakes, three large ponds and five unnamed wetlands are within Minneapolis.<ref>{{cite web|title=State of the City|date=2003|url=http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/planning/soc03/2003fullcopy.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Planning Division of the Minneapolis Department of Community Planning and Economic Development|accessdate=2007-08-07}}</ref>
-[[Image:Kites-Lake Harriet-Minneapolis-20070120.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Harriet]] frozen in winter. Ice blocks deposited in valleys by retreating glaciers created the lakes of Minneapolis.<ref>{{cite web|date=2003|title=Water Resources Report|publisher=Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board|url=http://www.minneapolisparks.org/documents/caring/WQ_Annual_2003/1-Overview03.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-08-07}}</ref>]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|[[Lake Harriet]] frozen in winter. Ice blocks deposited in valleys by retreating glaciers created the lakes of Minneapolis.<ref>{{cite web|date=2003|title=Water Resources Report|publisher=Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board|url=http://www.minneapolisparks.org/documents/caring/WQ_Annual_2003/1-Overview03.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-08-07}}</ref>]]
 The city center is located just south of 45°&nbsp;N [[latitude]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Wurlington Bros. Press| title= The 45th Parallel| date= | url= http://www.wurlington-bros.com/45th/Mpls.html| accessdate= 2007-01-18}}</ref> The city's lowest elevation of 686&nbsp;feet (209&nbsp;m) is near where [[Minnehaha Creek]] meets the Mississippi River. The site of the [[Prospect Park, Minneapolis|Prospect Park]] Water Tower is often cited as the city's highest point<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Minnesota Historical Society| title= Minnesota Preservation Planner IX (2)| date= Spring 1998| url= http://www.mnhs.org/about/publications/planner/Spring1998.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate= 2007-03-21}} and {{cite web| title= email| date= [[10 June]], [[2001]]| author= Bonham, Tim| url= http://mapnp.geeks.org/pipermail/mpls/2001-June/003374.html| accessdate= 2007-01-12}} and {{cite web| publisher= U.S. Department of the Interior — U.S. Geological Survey| title= Elevations and Distances in the United States| url= http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html| date= [[April 29]] [[2005]]| accessdate= 2007-04-11}}</ref> and a placard in Deming Heights Park denotes the highest elevation, but a spot at {{convert|974|ft|2}} in or near Waite Park in [[Northeast, Minneapolis|Northeast Minneapolis]] is corroborated by Google Earth as the highest ground.
@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
 ==Demographics==
 {{main|Demographics of Minneapolis, Minnesota}}
-[[Image:American Swedish Institute-2007-03-18.jpg|thumb|left|[[American Swedish Institute]]. Immigrants from [[Scandinavia]] arrived beginning in the 1860s.]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|[[American Swedish Institute]]. Immigrants from [[Scandinavia]] arrived beginning in the 1860s.]]
 [[Sioux|Dakota]] tribes, mostly the [[Mdewakanton]], as early as the 16th century were known as permanent settlers near their sacred site of St. Anthony Falls.<ref name="MplsLib-Dakota" /> New settlers arrived during the 1850s and 1860s in Minneapolis from [[New England]], [[New York]] and [[Canada]], and during the mid-1860s, Scandinavians from [[Sweden]], [[Finland]], [[Norway]], and [[Denmark]] began to call the city home. Migrant workers from [[Mexico]] and [[Latin America]] also interspersed.<ref name="Immigrants">{{cite web | url=http://articles.citypages.com/2003-10-01/news/living-in-america/ | title=Living in America | author=GR Anderson Jr | publisher=City Pages | date= [[October 1]] [[2003]] | accessdate=2008-04-29}}</ref> Later, immigrants came from [[Germany]], [[Italy]], [[Greece]], [[Poland]], and Southern and Eastern Europe. [[Jews]] from [[Russia]] and Eastern Europe settled primarily on the north side of the city before moving in large numbers to the western suburbs in the 1950s and 1960s.<ref name=Nathanson>{{cite web| last= Nathanson| first= Iric| title= Jews in Minnesota| publisher= Jewish Community Relations Council| url= http://www.minndakjcrc.org/Docs/Jews%20of%20Minnesota%20by%20Iric%20Nathanson.pdf| format= PDF| accessdate= 2007-04-14}}</ref> Asians came from [[China]], the [[Philippines]], [[Japan]], and [[Korea]]. Two groups came for a short while during U.S. government relocations, Japanese during the 1940s, and [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] during the 1950s. From 1970 onward, Asians arrived from [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], and [[Thailand]]. Beginning in the 1990s, a large [[Latino]] population arrived, along with refugees from [[Africa]], especially from [[Somalia]].<ref name=residents>{{cite web| title=A History of Minneapolis: Residents of the City| publisher=Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us)| date=2001| url=http://www.mpls.lib.mn.us/history/| accessdate=2007-02-12}}</ref> Into the 21st century, Minneapolis continues its heritage of welcoming newcomers. The metropolitan area is an immigrant gateway with a 127% increase in foreign-born residents between 1990 and 2000.<ref name=Brookings>{{cite web| publisher= Metropolitan Policy Program, The Brookings Institution| title= Minneapolis/St. Paul in Focus: A Profile from Census 2000| url= http://www.brookings.edu/reports/2003/11_livingcities_minneapolis_stpaul.aspx | date= November 2003| accessdate= 2008-04-29}}</ref>
@@ Line 218: / Line 218: @@
 ==Economy==
 {{seealso|Economy of Minnesota}}
-[[Image:Image-051207-MPLS-001downtownTarget-crop.jpg|thumb|left|[[Target Corporation]]'s 350,000 employees operate about 1,500 retail stores in 47 U.S. states.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Target Corporation| title= Company Overview| date= 2006| url= http://investors.target.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=65828&p=irol-homeProfile| accessdate= 2007-03-24}}</ref>]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|[[Target Corporation]]'s 350,000 employees operate about 1,500 retail stores in 47 U.S. states.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Target Corporation| title= Company Overview| date= 2006| url= http://investors.target.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=65828&p=irol-homeProfile| accessdate= 2007-03-24}}</ref>]]
 The economy of Minneapolis today is based in commerce, finance, rail and trucking services, health care, and industry. Smaller components are in publishing, milling, food processing, graphic arts, insurance, and high technology. Industry produces metal and automotive products, chemical and agricultural products, electronics, computers, precision medical instruments and devices, plastics, and machinery.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia Britannica| title= Minneapolis: The contemporary city| date= 2007| url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-242049/Minneapolis| accessdate= 2007-03-24}}</ref>
 Five [[Fortune 500]] headquarters are in Minneapolis proper: [[Target Corporation]], [[U.S. Bancorp]], [[Xcel Energy]], [[Ameriprise Financial]] and [[Thrivent Financial for Lutherans]] . [[Fortune 1000]] companies in Minneapolis include [[PepsiAmericas]], Valspar Corporation and Donaldson Company.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fortune 500: Minnesota|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2008/states/MN.html|publisher=Cable News Network, Time Warner|date=2008|accessdate=2008-06-28}}</ref> Apart from government, the city's largest employers are Target, [[Wells Fargo]], Ameriprise, [[Star Tribune]],  U.S. Bancorp, Xcel Energy, [[IBM]], [[Piper Jaffray]], [[Royal Bank of Canada|RBC Dain Rauscher]], [[ING Group]] and [[Qwest]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Black, Sam|title=Top employer in downtown Minneapolis: Target|url=http://twincities.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2006/01/23/daily56.html|work=Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal|publisher=American City Business Journals, Inc|date=[[2006-01-26]]|accessdate=2007-09-19}}</ref>
-[[Image:Downtown Minneapolis-20060526.jpg|thumb|upright|White [[U.S. Bancorp]] towers reflected in the [[Capella Tower]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|upright|White [[U.S. Bancorp]] towers reflected in the [[Capella Tower]]]]
 Availability of [[Wi-Fi]], transportation solutions, medical trials, university research and development expenditures, advanced degrees held by the work force, and energy conservation are so far above the national average that in 2005, [[Popular Science]] named Minneapolis the "Top Tech City" in the U.S.<ref>{{cite news| author= Pacella, Rena Marie| publisher= Popular Science| title= Top Tech City: Minneapolis, MN| date= 2005| url= http://www.popsci.com/popsci/technology/generaltechnology/fb679aa138b84010vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd.html| accessdate= 2007-01-18}}</ref> The Twin Cities ranked the country's second best city in a 2006 [[Kiplinger's Personal Finance|Kiplinger's]] poll of ''Smart Places to Live'' and Minneapolis was one of the ''Seven Cool Cities'' for young professionals.<ref>{{cite news| author= Jane Bennett Clark| title= Seven Cool Cities| work= Kiplinger's Personal Finance | publisher=The Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc |date=October 2005| url= http://www.kiplinger.com/magazine/archives/2005/10/cities.html| accessdate= 2007-02-11}} and {{cite web| publisher= The Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc. (Kiplinger.com) | title= 50 Smart Places to Live: #2 Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.| date= [[June 1]] [[2006]]| url= http://www.kiplinger.com/features/archives/2006/05/minneapolis.html| accessdate= 2007-02-11}}</ref>
@@ Line 232: / Line 232: @@
 ==Arts==
 {{main|Arts in Minneapolis, Minnesota}}
-[[Image:Guthrie-North.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Guthrie Theater]] designed for the [[Mills District, Minneapolis|Mississippi riverfront]] by [[Jean Nouvel]], who in 2008 won the [[Pritzker Prize]], architecture's highest honor<ref>{{cite news|author=Kamin, Blair|title=Guthrie Theater architect Nouvel wins Pritzker Prize|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/lifestyle/chi-0331pritzkermar31,0,6202122.story|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=[[March 31]], [[2008]]|accessdate=2008-03-31}}</ref>]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|The [[Guthrie Theater]] designed for the [[Mills District, Minneapolis|Mississippi riverfront]] by [[Jean Nouvel]], who in 2008 won the [[Pritzker Prize]], architecture's highest honor<ref>{{cite news|author=Kamin, Blair|title=Guthrie Theater architect Nouvel wins Pritzker Prize|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/lifestyle/chi-0331pritzkermar31,0,6202122.story|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=[[March 31]], [[2008]]|accessdate=2008-03-31}}</ref>]]
 The region is second only to New York City in live theater per capita<ref name=McClatchy /> and is the third-largest theater market in the U.S., supporting the [[Theatre de la Jeune Lune]], Illusion, Jungle, [[Mixed Blood Theatre Company|Mixed Blood]], Penumbra, the [[Brave New Workshop]], the [[Minnesota Dance Theatre]], [[Skewed Visions]], Theater Latté Da, [[In the Heart of the Beast Theatre]], and the [[Children's Theatre Company]].<ref>{{cite news| publisher= Minnesota Public Radio | author= Horwich, Jeff| title= Council moves closer to theater deal, but concerns remain| date= [[April 6]] [[2005]]| url= http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/04/06_horwichj_vote/| accessdate= 2007-03-21}} and {{cite web| publisher=City of Minneapolis| title= Music & Theater| date=| url=http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/residents/musictheater.asp| accessdate=2007-02-12}}</ref> French architect [[Jean Nouvel]] designed a new three stage complex<ref name=Joubert /> for the [[Guthrie Theater]], the prototype alternative to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] founded in Minneapolis in 1965.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Minnesota Historical Society| title= Guthrie Theater| date=| url= http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/04guthrie.html}} and {{cite web| publisher= Guthrie Theater| title= Theater History| url= http://www.guthrietheater.org/about_the_guthrie/theater_history| date=| accessdate=2007-04-23}}</ref> Minneapolis purchased and renovated the [[The Historic Orpheum Theatre|Orpheum]], State, and [[Pantages Theatre (Minneapolis)|Pantages Theatre]] [[vaudeville]] and film houses on [[Hennepin Avenue]] now used for concerts and plays.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Hennepin Theatre Trust| title= Theatre History| date= | url= http://www.hennepintheatredistrict.org/history/| accessdate= 2007-03-17}}</ref> Eventually, a fourth renovated theater will join the [[Hennepin Center for the Arts]] to become the [[Minnesota Shubert Performing Arts and Education Center]], a home to twenty performing arts groups and a provider of Web-based art education.<ref>{{cite web|title=Minnesota Shubert Performing Arts and Education Center|url=http://www.artspaceusa.org/my_files/properties/shubert/shubert_property.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Artspace Projects, Inc|accessdate=2007-07-29}}</ref>
@@ Line 239: / Line 239: @@
 Minneapolis is ranked America's most literate city<ref name=Connecticut/> and is a center for printing and publishing.<ref name=MPL-media /> It was a natural place for artists to build Open Book, the largest literary and book arts center in the U.S., made up of the Loft Literary Center, the [[Minnesota Center for Book Arts]] and [[Milkweed Editions]], sometimes called the country's largest independent nonprofit literary publisher.<ref name=Chamberlain>{{cite news|author=Chamberlain, Lisa|title=With Books as a Catalyst, Minneapolis Neighborhood Revives|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/30/realestate/commercial/30books.html|date=[[April 30]], [[2008]]|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=2008-04-30}}</ref> The center exhibits and teaches both contemporary art and traditional crafts of writing, papermaking, letterpress printing and bookbinding.<ref name=Chamberlain />
-[[Image:Prince-crop.jpg|thumb|[[Prince (musician)|Prince]] studied at the [[Minnesota Dance Theatre]] through the [[Minneapolis Public Schools]].<ref>{{cite journal| author= Palmer, Caroline| journal= City Pages|publisher=Village Voice Media | volume=21 | issue=1012 | title= Footsteps| url= http://www.citypages.com/databank/21/1012/article8622.asp | date=[[2000-04-26]]}} and {{cite web | author= Minneapolis Arts Commission et al. | title= The Minneapolis Plan for Arts & Culture | url=http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/dca/docs/PlanforArtsCulture.pdf | format=PDF | publisher=City of Minneapolis | date= June 2005 | accessdate= 2007-06-29}}</ref>]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|[[Prince (musician)|Prince]] studied at the [[Minnesota Dance Theatre]] through the [[Minneapolis Public Schools]].<ref>{{cite journal| author= Palmer, Caroline| journal= City Pages|publisher=Village Voice Media | volume=21 | issue=1012 | title= Footsteps| url= http://www.citypages.com/databank/21/1012/article8622.asp | date=[[2000-04-26]]}} and {{cite web | author= Minneapolis Arts Commission et al. | title= The Minneapolis Plan for Arts & Culture | url=http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/dca/docs/PlanforArtsCulture.pdf | format=PDF | publisher=City of Minneapolis | date= June 2005 | accessdate= 2007-06-29}}</ref>]]
 The son of a jazz musician and a singer, [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] is Minneapolis' most famous musical progeny.<ref>{{cite book| author= Matos, Michaelangelo in Brackett, Nathan | title= The New Rolling Stone Album Guide| date= [[2004-11-02]]| edition= 4| url= http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/prince/biography| publisher= Fireside| page= 64| id= ISBN 0-74320-169-8| accessdate= 2007-04-30}}</ref> With fellow local musicians, many of whom recorded at [[Twin/Tone Records]],<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Twin/Tone Records| title= The Twin/Tone catalog| date= 1978–1998| url= http://www.twintone.com/ttcat.html| accessdate= 2007-01-15}}</ref> he helped make [[First Avenue]] and the [[7th Street Entry]] venues of choice for both artists and audiences.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Minnesota Historical Society | title= First Avenue & 7th Street Entry Band Files| date= 1999–2004| url= http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00233.html| accessdate=2007-02-12}}</ref> The [[Minnesota Orchestra]] plays classical and popular music at [[Orchestra Hall (Minneapolis)|Orchestra Hall]] under music director [[Osmo Vänskä]] who has set about making it the best in the country.<ref>{{cite news| author= Oestreich, James R.| work= The New York Times| publisher= The New York Times Company| title= MUSIC; A Most Audacious Dare Reverberates| date= [[December 17]] [[2006]]| url= http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/17/arts/music/17oest.html| accessdate= 2008-04-06}}</ref> The [[Minnesota Opera]] produces both classic and new operas.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Minnesota Opera| title= History| date=| url= http://www.mnopera.org/| accessdate= 2007-03-18}}</ref> In 2008 the century-old [[MacPhail Center for Music]] opened a new facility designed by James Dayton.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mack, Linda|title=MacPhail: a new note for the Minneapolis riverfront|url=http://www.minnpost.com/stories/2008/01/10/526/macphail_a_new_note_for_the_minneapolis_riverfront|work=MinnPost|date=[[January 10]], [[2008]]|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref>
@@ Line 246: / Line 246: @@
 ==Sports==
 {{main|Sports in Minnesota}}
-[[Image:Justin Morneau-Metrodome-20060611.jpg|thumb|left|Home run for [[Minnesota Twins|Twins]] first baseman [[Justin Morneau]], [[Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|Home run for [[Minnesota Twins|Twins]] first baseman [[Justin Morneau]], [[Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome]]]]
 Professional sports are well-established in Minneapolis. First playing in 1884, the [[Minneapolis Millers]] baseball team produced the best won-lost record in their league at the time and contributed fifteen players to the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]. During the 1940s and 1950s the [[Los Angeles Lakers|Minneapolis Lakers]] basketball team, the city's first in the major leagues in any sport, won six basketball championships in three leagues before moving to Los Angeles.<ref name=MPL-Sports /> The [[American Wrestling Association]], formerly the [[National Wrestling Alliance|NWA]] Minneapolis Boxing & Wrestling Club, operated in Minneapolis from 1960 until the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= AWA Wrestling Entertainment| title= About The AWA| date= 2006| url= http://www.awastars.com/about.htm| accessdate= 2007-03-16}}</ref>
 The [[Minnesota Vikings]] and the [[Minnesota Twins]] arrived in the state in 1961. The Vikings were an [[National Football League|NFL]] [[expansion team]] and the Twins were formed when the [[Minnesota Twins|Washington Senators]] relocated to Minnesota. Both teams played outdoors in open air [[Metropolitan Stadium]] in the suburb of [[Bloomington, Minnesota|Bloomington]] for twenty years before moving to the [[Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome]], where the Twins won the [[World Series]] in [[1987 World Series|1987]] and [[1991 World Series|1991]]. The [[Minnesota Timberwolves]] brought NBA basketball back to Minneapolis in 1989, followed by the [[Minnesota Lynx]] [[WNBA]] team in 1999. They play in [[Target Center]]. The [[NHL]] ice hockey team [[Minnesota Wild]], [[National Lacrosse League]] team [[Minnesota Swarm]], and [[USL First Division|USL-1]] soccer team [[Minnesota Thunder]] play in [[St. Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]].<ref name=MPL-Sports />
-[[Image:OSU-Minnesota-basketball-2005-02-17.jpg|thumb|[[Minnesota Golden Gophers|Golden Gophers]] basketball]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|[[Minnesota Golden Gophers|Golden Gophers]] basketball]]
 The downtown Metrodome, opened in 1982, is the largest sports stadium in Minnesota. The three major tenants are the Vikings, the Twins and the university's [[Minnesota Golden Gophers|Golden Gophers]] football and baseball teams. The Metrodome is the only stadium in the country to have hosted a [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game]], the [[Super Bowl]], the [[World Series]], and [[NCAA Final Four|NCAA Basketball Men's Final Four]]. [[running|Runners]], walkers, inline skaters, coed [[volleyball]] teams, and touch football teams all have access to "The Dome". Events from sports to concerts, community activities, religious activities, and trade shows are held more than three hundred days per year, making the facility one of the most versatile stadiums in the world.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission| title= History of the Metrodome| date= 2006| url= http://www.msfc.com/history.cfm}} and {{cite web| title= Hubert H. Humphrey MetroDome| publisher= Ticket King| url= http://www.ticketkingonline.com/tickets/metrodome-tickets.htm| accessdate= 2007-03-31}}</ref>
@@ Line 278: / Line 278: @@
 ==Parks and recreation==
-[[Image:Sky and Prairie-Powderhorn-Minneapolis-2006-05-07.jpg|thumb|left|[[In the Heart of the Beast Puppet and Mask Theatre|In the Heart of the Beast]] May Day Parade, [[Powderhorn Park, Minneapolis|Powderhorn Park]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|[[In the Heart of the Beast Puppet and Mask Theatre|In the Heart of the Beast]] May Day Parade, [[Powderhorn Park, Minneapolis|Powderhorn Park]]]]
 The Minneapolis park system has been called the best-designed, best-financed and best-maintained in America.<ref name=Garvin>{{cite book | last= Garvin | first= Alexander | title= The American City : What Works, What Doesn't | edition=2 |date= [[June 19]] [[2002]] | page= 67 | publisher= McGraw-Hill Professional | id= ISBN 0-07137-367-5}}</ref> Foresight, donations and effort by community leaders enabled [[Horace Cleveland]] to create his finest [[landscape architecture]], preserving geographical landmarks and linking them with [[boulevard]]s and [[parkway]]s.<ref>{{cite book| author= Loring, Charles M.| title= History of the Parks and Public Grounds of Minneapolis| publisher= Minnesota Historical Society, University of Michigan (via Google Books) | date= 1915, read [[11 November]] [[1912]]| pages= 601–602| url= http://books.google.com/books?vid=0DBNDCIwwq1_LSUCWrdOEG2&id=RDMC_Qw899IC&pg=PA599#PPA601,M1| accessdate= 2007-04-11}} and {{cite book| author= Nadenicek, Daniel J. and Neckar, Lance M. in Cleveland, H. W. S.| title= Landscape Architecture, as Applied to the Wants of the West; with an Essay on Forest Planting on the Great Plains| page= xli| date= April 2002| publisher= University of Massachusetts Press, ASLA Centennial Reprint Series| id= ISBN 1-55849-330-1}}</ref> The city's [[Chain of Lakes (Minneapolis)|Chain of Lakes]] is connected by bike, running, and walking paths and used for swimming, fishing, picnics, boating, and ice skating. A [[parkway]] for cars, a [[bikeway]] for riders, and a walkway for pedestrians run parallel paths along the {{convert|52|mi|km}} route of the [[Grand Rounds Scenic Byway]].<ref>{{cite web| publisher= National Scenic Byways Online (byways.org)| title= Grand Rounds Scenic Byway| url= http://www.byways.org/explore/byways/2243/| date=}}</ref> Residents brave the cold weather in December to watch the nightly [[Holidazzle Parade]].<ref>{{cite web| title =Join Us at the Macy's Holidazzle Parade| publisher =Emergency Foodshelf Network| url =http://www.emergencyfoodshelf.org/EventsAndNews/UpcomingEvents/EventsItem.aspx?pkID=237| accessdate = 2007-12-24}}</ref>
 [[Theodore Wirth]] is credited with the development of the parks system.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= National Recreation and Park Association| title= Theodore Wirth (1863–1949)| url= http://www.nrpa.org/content/default.aspx?documentId=3778| date=| accessdate= 2007-04-24}}</ref> Today, 16.6% of the city is parks and there are {{convert|770|sqft|0}} of parkland for each resident, ranked in 2008 as the most parkland per resident within cities of similar population densities.<ref>{{cite journal| author= Magnusson, Jemilah| title= The Top 10 Green Cities in the U.S.| journal= The Green Guide|publisher= National Geographic Society (TheGreenGuide.com) | url= http://www.thegreenguide.com/doc/107/cities| volume=107| date= March/April 2005}} and {{cite web| publisher= Minneapolis Public Works & Engineering| title= Minneapolis Local Surface Water Management Plan| date= undated, refers to 2000 census| url= http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/stormwater/docs/LSWMPSec3-LandWaterResourcesAssessment.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate= 2007-04-09}}</ref><ref name="parksone">{{cite news|title=Minneapolis, St. Paul parks shine in national report|url= http://purl.oclc.org/NET/startribuneparksdensityarticle|date=2008-07-08|accessdate=2008-07-17|last=Walsh|first=Paul|work=[[Star Tribune]]}}</ref>
-[[Image:Minnehaha Falls-20050614.jpg|thumb|[[Minnehaha Falls]] is part of a {{convert|193|acre|km2}} city park rather than an urban area, because its waterpower was overshadowed by that of [[St. Anthony Falls]] a few miles upriver.<ref>{{cite web| last =Cairn| first =Rich and Susan| title =History of Minnehaha Creek Watershed| publisher =Minnehahacreek.org| date= 2003| url =http://www.minnehahacreek.org/pdf/MinnehahaHistory.pdf| accessdate =2007-08-17|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name=Minnehaha />]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|[[Minnehaha Falls]] is part of a {{convert|193|acre|km2}} city park rather than an urban area, because its waterpower was overshadowed by that of [[St. Anthony Falls]] a few miles upriver.<ref>{{cite web| last =Cairn| first =Rich and Susan| title =History of Minnehaha Creek Watershed| publisher =Minnehahacreek.org| date= 2003| url =http://www.minnehahacreek.org/pdf/MinnehahaHistory.pdf| accessdate =2007-08-17|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name=Minnehaha />]]
 Parks are interlinked in many places and the [[Mississippi National River and Recreation Area]] connects regional parks and visitor centers. The country's oldest public wildflower garden, the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary located within [[Theodore Wirth Park]] which is shared with [[Golden Valley, Minnesota|Golden Valley]] and is about 60% the size of Central Park in New York City.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= National Scenic Byways Online (byways.org)| title= Theodore Wirth Park, MN| url= http://www.byways.org/explore/byways/2243/places/12691/| date=}} and {{cite web| publisher= Central Park Conservancy (centralparknyc.org)| title= FAQs| url= http://www.centralparknyc.org/centralparkhistory/faqs| date= 2006| accessdate= 2007-03-25}}</ref> Site of the 53-foot (16&nbsp;m) [[Minnehaha Falls]], Minnehaha Park is one of the city's oldest and most popular parks, receiving over 500,000 visitors each year.<ref name=Minnehaha>{{cite web| publisher= Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board| title= Minnehaha Park| url= http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=252| date=| accessdate= 2007-03-25}}</ref> [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]] named Hiawatha's wife Minnehaha for the Minneapolis waterfall in his ''[[The Song of Hiawatha]]'', a bestselling and often-parodied 19th century poem.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| title= Henry Wadsworth Longfellow| encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia Britannica| date= 2007| url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-4274/Henry-Wadsworth-Longfellow| accessdate= 2007-04-30}}</ref>
@@ Line 290: / Line 290: @@
 ==Government==
 {{main|Law and government of Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis City Council|Neighborhoods of Minneapolis}}
-[[Image:North Commons party-Minneapolis-20070609.jpg|thumb|left|Spring art party, North Commons Park, [[Willard-Hay, Minneapolis|Willard-Hay]], one of the eighty one [[neighborhoods of Minneapolis]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|Spring art party, North Commons Park, [[Willard-Hay, Minneapolis|Willard-Hay]], one of the eighty one [[neighborhoods of Minneapolis]]]]
 Minneapolis is a stronghold for the [[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party]] (DFL), an affiliate of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. The [[Minneapolis City Council]] holds the most power and represents the city's thirteen districts called [[ward (politics)#United States|wards]]. The council has twelve DFL members and one from the [[Green Party of Minnesota|Green Party]]. [[R.T. Rybak]] also of the DFL is the current [[List of mayors of Minneapolis|mayor of Minneapolis]]. The office of mayor is relatively weak but has some power to appoint individuals such as the chief of [[police]]. Parks, taxation, and public housing are semi-independent boards and levy their own taxes and fees subject to Board of Estimate and Taxation limits.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= City of Minneapolis| title= City Council| date=| url= http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/council/}} and {{cite web| publisher= E-Democracy (e-democracy.org)| title= Minneapolis City Council candidates| url= http://www.e-democracy.org/wiki/Minneapolis_City_Council_candidates| date= [[October 26]] [[2005]]| accessdate= 2007-03-24}} and {{cite journal| author= Anderson, G.R. Jr.| title= The Compulsiveness of the Long-Distance Runner| journal= City Pages|publisher=Village Voice Media |volume=23 | issue=1127| date= [[2002-07-10]]| url= http://citypages.com/databank/23/1127/article10544.asp| accessdate= 2007-03-21}} and {{cite web| publisher= City of Minneapolis| title= Board of Estimate and Taxation| date=| url= http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/boards-and-commissions/estimate-taxation.asp | accessdate= 2007-06-27}}</ref>
 Citizens have a unique and powerful influence in [[neighbourhood|neighborhood]] government. Neighborhoods coordinate activities under the Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP), funded in the 1990s by the city and state who appropriated $400 million for it over twenty years.<ref>{{cite web| author= Fagotto, Elena, Archon Fung| title= The Minneapolis Neighborhood Revitalization Program: An Experiment in Empowered Participatory Governance| publisher=Institute of Development Studies, LogoLink (ids.ac.uk) | url= http://www.ids.ac.uk/logolink/resources/downloads/Recite_Confpapers/NRPFinal.pdf| format = PDF | date= [[February 15]] [[2005]]| accessdate= 2007-04-05}}</ref> Minneapolis is divided into communities, each containing neighborhoods. In some cases two or more neighborhoods act together under one organization. Some areas are commonly known by nicknames of business associations.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= GIS Business Services, City of Minneapolis| title= City of Minneapolis. Neighborhoods & Communities| date= 2004, updated January 2006| url= http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/about/maps/neighborhoods.pdf | format = PDF}} and {{cite web| publisher= Minneapolis Community Planning and Economic Development (CPED) Department| title= City of Minneapolis Business Associations| date= [[November 17]] [[2005]]| url= http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/cped/business_association_directory.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate= 2007-02-10}}</ref>
-[[Image:Minneapolis City Hall.jpg|thumb|[[Minneapolis City Hall]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|[[Minneapolis City Hall]]]]
 The organizers of [[Earth Day]] scored Minneapolis ninth best overall and second among mid-sized cities in their 2007 ''Urban Environment Report'', a study based on indicators of environmental health and their effect on people.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Earth Day Network| title= Urban Environment Report, City Environment Data: Minneapolis, Minnesota| date= | url= http://www.earthday.org/UER/report/mn_minneapolis_detail.html| accessdate= 2007-02-24}}</ref>
@@ Line 302: / Line 302: @@
 ==Education==
 {{main|Minneapolis Public Library|Minneapolis Public Schools|Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System|University of Minnesota}}
-[[Image:Weisman-University of Minnesota-2006-09-04.jpg|thumb|left|[[University of Minnesota]] teaching [[Weisman Art Museum|art museum]], [[Coffman Memorial Union|student union]] and teaching [[University of Minnesota Medical Center|hospital]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|[[University of Minnesota]] teaching [[Weisman Art Museum|art museum]], [[Coffman Memorial Union|student union]] and teaching [[University of Minnesota Medical Center|hospital]]]]
 [[Minneapolis Public Schools]] enroll 36,370 students in public [[primary education|primary]] and [[secondary education|secondary]] schools. The district administers about one hundred public schools including forty-five [[elementary school]]s, seven [[middle school]]s, seven [[high school]]s, eight [[special education]] schools, eight [[alternative school]]s, nineteen contract alternative schools and five [[charter school]]s. With authority granted by the state legislature, the [[school board]] makes policy, selects the superintendent, and oversees the district's budget, curriculum, personnel, and facilities. Students speak ninety different languages at home and most school communications are printed in English, Hmong, Spanish, and Somali.<ref>{{cite web| title= MPS Facts 2006–2007| publisher= Minneapolis Public Schools| url= http://www.mpls.k12.mn.us/MPS_Facts2.html| date= }} and {{cite web| title= About MPS| url= http://www.mpls.k12.mn.us/about.html| date= }} and {{cite web| title= Board of Education| url= http://www.mpls.k12.mn.us/Board_of_Education.html| date= | accessdate= 2007-03-24}}</ref> About 67% of students in the Minneapolis Public School system graduate, an increase over recent years when only 53% completed high school.<ref>{{cite news|author=Diaz, Kevin|title=Minneapolis schools get failing grade on dropouts|url=http://www.startribune.com/politics/state/17176006.html|date=[[March 31]], [[2008]]|work=Star Tribune|publisher=Avista Capital Partners|accessdate=2008-04-03}}</ref> Besides public schools, the city is home to more than twenty private schools and academies and about twenty additional charter schools.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Minnesota Department of Education| title= Alphabetical List of Nonpublic Schools| url= http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c14.jsp| date= 2005}} and {{cite web| title= Charter Schools| url= http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c11.jsp| date=2005| accessdate= 2007-03-24}}</ref>
-[[Image:Minneapolis Public Library-20080118.jpg|thumb|upright|Central [[Minneapolis Public Library]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|upright|Central [[Minneapolis Public Library]]]]
 Minneapolis' collegiate scene is dominated by the main campus of the [[University of Minnesota]] where more than 50,000 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attend twenty colleges, schools, and institutes.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia Britannica| title= Minnesota, University of| date= 2007| url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9002014/Minnesota-University-of| accessdate= 2007-03-24}}</ref> The graduate school programs ranked highest in 2007 were counseling and personnel services, chemical engineering, psychology, macroeconomics, applied mathematics and non-profit management.<ref>{{cite web|title=University of Minnesota Rankings|url=http://www.grad.umn.edu/prospective_students/rankings/index.html|publisher=''U.S. News and World Report'' via Regents of the University of Minnesota|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref> A [[Big Ten Conference|Big Ten]] school and home of the Golden Gophers, the U of M is the fourth [[List of largest United States universities by enrollment|largest campus]] in the U.S. in terms of enrollment.<ref>{{cite web| title= NCES Digest of Education Statistics| url= http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05_215.asp| date= 2005| accessdate= 2007-03-24}}</ref>
@@ Line 314: / Line 314: @@
 ==Transportation==
 {{main|Transportation in Minnesota|I-35W Mississippi River Bridge}}
-[[Image:Metro Transit bus-20070505.jpg|thumb|left|[[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] hybrid [[diesel-electric]] bus]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|[[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] hybrid [[diesel-electric]] bus]]
 Half of Minneapolis-Saint Paul residents work in the city where they live.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Brookings Institution, Living Cities Census Series| title= Minneapolis/St. Paul in Focus: A Profile from Census 2000| url= http://www.brookings.edu/es/urban/livingcities/MinneapolisStPaul2.pdf| format = PDF | date= 2003| accessdate= 2007-04-08}}</ref> Most residents drive [[automobile|car]]s but 60% of the 160,000 people working downtown commute by means other than a single person per auto.<ref>{{cite web| author= Cati Vanden Breul| title= Downtown Minneapolis named one of 17 best commuting districts| publisher= The Minnesota Daily| date= [[September 28]] [[2005]]| url= http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2005/09/28/65331| accessdate= 2007-03-16}}</ref> Alternative transportation is encouraged. The [[Metropolitan Council]]'s [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]], which operates the [[light rail]] system and most of the city's buses, provides free travel vouchers through the ''Guaranteed Ride Home'' program to allay fears that commuters might otherwise be occasionally stranded if, for example, they work late hours.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Metro Transit| title= Guaranteed Ride Home| date= | url= http://www.metrotransit.org/riderprograms/grh.asp |accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref> The [[Hiawatha Line]] LRT serves 34,000 riders daily and connects the Minneapolis-St. Paul International [[Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport|airport]] and [[Mall of America]] to downtown.  Most of the line runs at surface level, although parts of the line run on elevated tracks (including the Franklin Ave. and Lake St./Midtown stations) and approximately {{convert|2|mi|km}} of the line runs underground, including the Lindbergh terminal subway station at the airport. <ref>{{cite web| title= APTA Transit Ridership Report| publisher= American Public Transportation Association| date= Third Quarter, 2006| url= http://www.apta.com/research/stats/ridership/riderep/documents/06q3rep.pdf|format = PDF}} and {{cite web| publisher= Metro Transit| title= Hiawatha Line| date=2006| url= http://www.metrotransit.org/improvingTransit/hiawathaLightRail.asp| accessdate= 2007-02-03}}</ref> The planned [[Central Corridor (Minnesota)|Central Corridor]] LRT will connect downtown with the University of Minnesota and downtown St. Paul via [[University Avenue (Minneapolis-St. Paul)|University Avenue]]. Expected completion is in 2014.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Metropolitan Council| title= Central Corridor next steps and timeline| date= [[April 2]] [[2007]]| url= http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/centralcorridor.htm| accessdate= 2007-04-11}}</ref>
@@ Line 321: / Line 321: @@
 The taxicab ordinance requires 10% wheelchair accessibility by 2009 and some use of alternative fuel or fuel efficient vehicles. Starting in 2011 the city's limit of 343 taxis will be lifted.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Minneapolis City Council| title= Amending ordinance relating to Taxicabs| publisher= City of Minneapolis| date= 2006| url= http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/council/2006-meetings/20060922/Docs/06a-Taxicab-Amendments.pdf | format = PDF| accessdate= 2007-03-16}}</ref>
-[[Image:I-35W-rescue-Minneapolis-20070801.jpg|thumb|On [[August 1]], [[2007]] the eight-lane [[I-35W Mississippi River Bridge|Interstate 35W bridge]], responsible for carrying 140,000 vehicles daily,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/maps/indexmaps/2006/mplsin.pdf|title=Traffic Volume Maps (Annual Average Daily Traffic) |title= 2006 Downtown Minneapolis Traffic Volumes| publisher=Minnesota Department of Transportation|date=2006|accessdate = 2007-08-07|format=PDF}}</ref> collapsed, killing thirteen and injuring one hundred.]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|On [[August 1]], [[2007]] the eight-lane [[I-35W Mississippi River Bridge|Interstate 35W bridge]], responsible for carrying 140,000 vehicles daily,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/maps/indexmaps/2006/mplsin.pdf|title=Traffic Volume Maps (Annual Average Daily Traffic) |title= 2006 Downtown Minneapolis Traffic Volumes| publisher=Minnesota Department of Transportation|date=2006|accessdate = 2007-08-07|format=PDF}}</ref> collapsed, killing thirteen and injuring one hundred.]]
 Ten thousand cyclists use the bike lanes in the city each day, and many ride in the winter. The Public Works Department expanded the [[bicycle]] trail system from the [[Grand Rounds Scenic Byway|Grand Rounds]] to 56&nbsp;miles (90&nbsp;km) of off-street commuter trails including the [[Midtown Greenway]], the Light Rail Trail, Kenilworth Trail, [[Cedar Lake Trail]] and the West River Parkway Trail along the Mississippi. Minneapolis also has 34&nbsp;miles (54&nbsp;km) of dedicated bike lanes on city streets and encourages cycling by equipping transit buses with bike racks and by providing online bicycle maps.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= City of Minneapolis| title= Where to Ride in Minneapolis| url= http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/bicycles/where-to-ride.asp| date= 1997–2004| accessdate= 2007-04-16}}</ref>  Many of these trails and bridges, such as the  [[Stone Arch Bridge (Minneapolis)|Stone Arch Bridge]], were former railroad lines that have now been converted for bicycles and pedestrians.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board| title= Stone Arch Bridge| url= http://minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=268| date= | accessdate= 2007-03-16}}</ref> In 2007 citing the city's bicycle lanes, buses and LRT, ''[[Forbes]]'' identified Minneapolis the world's fifth cleanest city.<ref>{{cite web| author= Malone, Robert| title= Which Are The World's Cleanest Cities?| publisher= Forbes| url= http://www.forbes.com/2007/04/16/worlds-cleanest-cities-biz-logistics-cx_rm_0416cleanest.html| date= [[2007-04-16]]| accessdate= 2007-04-28}}</ref>
@@ Line 330: / Line 330: @@
 ==Media==
 {{main|Media in Minneapolis-St. Paul}}
-[[Image:WCCO-ATT-Minneapolis-2005.jpg|thumb|left|[[WCCO-TV]] on the [[Nicollet Mall]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|[[WCCO-TV]] on the [[Nicollet Mall]]]]
 Five major newspapers are published in Minneapolis: ''[[Star Tribune]]'', ''Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder'', ''Finance and Commerce'', the university's ''[[Minnesota Daily|The Minnesota Daily]]'' and ''[[MinnPost.com]]''. Other publications are the ''[[City Pages]]'' weekly, the ''Mpls.St.Paul'' and ''Minnesota Monthly'' monthlies, and ''[[Utne Magazine|Utne]]'' magazine.<ref name=MPL-media>{{cite web| title=A History of Minneapolis: News, Media and Publishing| publisher=Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us)| date=2001| url= http://www.mpls.lib.mn.us/history/index.asp| accessdate=2007-02-12}}</ref> In 2008 readers of online news also used ''[[Minnesota Monitor]]'', ''Twin Cities Daily Planet'', ''Cursor'', ''MNSpeak'' and about fifteen other sites.<ref>{{cite news|author=Córdova, Cristina|title=All the News That Fits—and Then Some|url=http://www.rakemag.com/reporting/features/all-news-fits-and-then-some|date=[[February 19]], [[2008]]|work=The Rake|publisher=Rake Publishing|accessdate=2008-03-02}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' said in 1996, "Now there are T-shirts that read, 'Murderapolis,'" a name for the city that members of the local media have mistakenly attributed to the paper.<ref>{{cite journal| author= Anderson, G.R. Jr.| title= The Human Shield| journal= City Pages|publisher=Village Voice Media |volume=28 |issue=1372| url= http://www.citypages.com/databank/28/1372/article15246.asp| date= [[2007-03-21]]}} and {{cite news| author= Shortal, Jana| title= Gang violence on the rise? Some veteran officers say Yes.| publisher= KARE-11| url= http://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=250393| date= [[April 6]] [[2007]]}} and {{cite news| author= Johnson, Dirk| title= Nice City's Nasty Distinction: Murders Soar in Minneapolis| work= The New York Times| publisher= The New York Times Company| date= [[June 30]] [[1996]]| url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A07E7DB1E39F933A05755C0A960958260| accessdate= 2008-04-06}}</ref>
-[[Image:KFAI-entrance-Minneapolis.jpg|thumb|[[KFAI]] radio in [[Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis|Cedar-Riverside]] is a public access station.]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|[[KFAI]] radio in [[Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis|Cedar-Riverside]] is a public access station.]]
 Minneapolis has a mix of radio stations and healthy listener support for public radio but in the commercial market, a single organization [[Clear Channel Communications]] operates seven stations. Listeners support three [[Minnesota Public Radio]] non-profit stations, the Minneapolis Public Schools and the University of Minnesota each operate a station, the networks broadcast on affiliate stations, and religious organizations run two stations.<ref>{{cite web| author= December, John| title= Media - Radio - Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, USA| date= [[March 1]] [[2007]]| url= http://www.december.com/places/msp/radio.html}} and {{cite web| publisher= iBiquity Digital Corporation| title= HD Radio: Minneapolis-St. Paul| date= | url= http://www.ibiquity.com/hd_radio/hdradio_find_a_station?state=&theCity=MinneapolisStPaulMN| accessdate= 2007-03-18}}</ref>
@@ Line 339: / Line 339: @@
 ==Religion and charity==
-[[Image:Saint Mark's Episcopal Cathedral, Minneapolis.jpg|thumb|left|[[St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral, Minneapolis|St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral]] in [[Loring Park]] across I-94 from the [[Minneapolis Sculpture Garden]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|left|[[St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral, Minneapolis|St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral]] in [[Loring Park]] across I-94 from the [[Minneapolis Sculpture Garden]]]]
 The Dakota people, the original inhabitants of the area where Minneapolis now stands, believed in the [[Great Spirit]] and were surprised that not all European settlers were religious.<ref name=religion>{{cite web | title= A History of Minneapolis: Religion | publisher= Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us) | url= http://www.mpls.lib.mn.us/history/rs1.asp| accessdate= 2007-04-30}}</ref> Over fifty denominations and religions and some well known churches have since been established in Minneapolis. Those who arrived from [[New England]] were for the most part Christian [[Protestant]]s, [[Quakers]], and [[Universalist]]s.<ref name=religion /> The oldest continuously used church in the city, [[Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church (Minneapolis, Minnesota)|Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church]] in the [[Nicollet Island/East Bank, Minneapolis|Nicollet Island/East Bank]] neighborhood was built in 1856 by Universalists and soon afterward was acquired by a French Catholic congregation.<ref>{{cite web | date= | title= Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church| publisher= Yahoo! Travel| url= http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-3502708-our_lady_of_lourdes_catholic_church_minneapolis-i?action=describe| accessdate= 2007-04-30}}</ref> Formed in 1878 as Shaarai Tov, in 1902 the first [[Jewish]] congregation in Minneapolis built the synagogue in [[East Isles, Minneapolis|East Isles]] known since 1920 as Temple Israel.<ref name=Nathanson /> St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral was founded in 1887, opened a missionary school in 1897 and in 1905 created the first [[Russian Orthodox]] seminary in the U.S.<ref>{{cite book| last= FitzGerald| first= Thomas E.| title= The Orthodox Church| publisher=  Praeger/Greenwood| url= http://books.google.com/books?id=_F5yntZocGIC| date= 1998| id= ISBN 0-27596-438-8}} and {{cite web| publisher= St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral| title= About St. Mary's| date= 2006| url= http://www.stmarysoca.org/about.html| accessdate= 2007-03-19}}</ref> The first basilica in the U.S., the Roman Catholic [[Basilica of Saint Mary]] near [[Loring Park]] was named by [[Pope Pius XI]].<ref name=religion />
-[[Image:IDS Tower-crop.jpg|thumb|[[Westminster Presbyterian Church, Minneapolis, Minnesota|Westminster Presbyterian Church]] (right). The Minneapolis Foundation is located in the [[IDS Center]] (center left).]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|[[Westminster Presbyterian Church, Minneapolis, Minnesota|Westminster Presbyterian Church]] (right). The Minneapolis Foundation is located in the [[IDS Center]] (center left).]]
 The [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]], ''Decision'' magazine, and [[World Wide Pictures]] film and television distribution were headquartered in Minneapolis for about forty of the years between the late 1940s into the 2000s.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Billy Graham Center| title= Billy Graham and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association - Historical Background| date= [[November 11]] [[2004]]| url= http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/bio.html| accessdate= 2007-03-19}}</ref> [[Jim Bakker]] and [[Tammy Faye]] met while attending the Pentecostal [[North Central University]] and began a television ministry that by the 1980s reached 13.5 million households.<ref>{{cite news| author= Camhi, Leslie| title= FILM; The Fabulousness Of Tammy Faye| work= The New York Times| publisher= The New York Times Company| date= [[July 23]] [[2000]]| url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE4D9103BF930A15754C0A9669C8B63| accessdate= 2008-04-06}}</ref> Today, Mount Olivet [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America|Lutheran Church]] in southwest Minneapolis has 6,000 active members and is the world's largest Lutheran congregation.<ref>{{cite web| author= Vaughan, John N.| work= Church Report| publisher=Christy Media, LLC| title= Growth Trends| url= http://www.thecronline.com/mag_article.php?mid=518&mname=January| date= January 2005| accessdate= 2007-04-30}}</ref> [[Christ Church Lutheran]] in the [[Longfellow (neighborhood), Minneapolis|Longfellow]] neighborhood is among the finest work by architect [[Eliel Saarinen]]. The congregation later added an education building designed by his son [[Eero Saarinen]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Eliel Saarinen|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064591/Eliel-Saarinen|date=|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica}} and {{cite web|title=Koulun sijainti / School location|publisher=Finnish Language School of Minnesota|url=http://www.minnesotafinnish.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7BB54C9348-CFFF-47DB-9421-2849B0C03231%7D|accessdate=2007-08-07}}</ref>
@@ Line 348: / Line 348: @@
 ==Health and utilities==
-[[Image:Midtown Minneapolis-20061015.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Headquarters for [[Allina Hospitals & Clinics]] are in [[Midtown Exchange]]]]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|upright|left|Headquarters for [[Allina Hospitals & Clinics]] are in [[Midtown Exchange]]]]
 Minneapolis has five hospitals, three ranked among America's best by ''U.S. News & World Report''—Abbott Northwestern Hospital (part of [[Allina Hospitals & Clinics|Allina]]), [[Hennepin County Medical Center]] (HCMC) and the [[University of Minnesota Medical Center]].<ref>{{cite news| work =U.S.News & World Report | publisher= U.S.News & World Report, L.P. | title= Best Hospitals 2006| url= http://www.usnews.com/usnews/health/best-hospitals/tophosp.htm| accessdate= 2007-03-22}}</ref> All three were founded under other names during the 1800s and early 1900s.<ref name=medicine>{{cite web| title=A History of Minneapolis: Medicine| publisher=Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us)| date=2001| url= http://www.mpls.lib.mn.us/history/rs3.asp| accessdate=2007-02-12}}</ref> The Britton Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and [[Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota|Children's Hospitals and Clinics]] also serve the city. The [[Mayo Clinic]] in [[Rochester, Minnesota]] is a 75-minute drive away.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= Mayo Foundation| title= Rochester, Minnesota Campus| date= | url= http://www.mayo.edu/education/mcr.html| accessdate= 2007-03-15}}</ref>
 [[Cardiac surgery]] was developed at the university's Variety Club Hospital, where by 1957, more than two hundred patients had survived open-heart operations, many of them children. Working with surgeon [[C. Walton Lillehei]], [[Medtronic]] began to build portable and implantable [[cardiac pacemaker]]s about this time.<ref>{{cite book| author= Jeffrey, Kirk| title= Machines in Our Hearts: The Cardiac Pacemaker, the Implantable Defibrillator, and American Health Care| publisher= Johns Hopkins University Press| date= 2001| page= 59–65| id= ISBN 0-80186-579-4}}</ref>
-[[Image:Snow-Minneapolis-2007-03-02.jpg|thumb|A ''Snow Emergency'']]
+[[Image:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|thumb|A ''Snow Emergency'']]
 HCMC opened in 1887 as City Hospital and was also known as General Hospital.<ref name=medicine /> A public teaching hospital and [[Level I trauma center]], the HCMC safety net sees 350,000 patient visits and 95,000 emergency room visits each year and in 2006 provided about 18% of the uncompensated care given in Minnesota.<ref>{{cite web| publisher= American College of Surgeons| title= Verified Trauma Centers| url= http://www.facs.org/trauma/verified.html| date= [[March 9]] [[2007]]| accessdate= 2007-03-29}} and {{cite web| title= About HCMC| url= http://www.hcmc.org/medcenter/about.htm| date=}} and {{cite web| publisher=Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC)| title= HCMC Governance| url= http://www.hcmc.org/governance.htm| date=|accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref>

v t e Municipalities and communities of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States
County seat: Minneapolis
Cities	Bloomington Brooklyn Center Brooklyn Park Champlin Chanhassen‡ Corcoran Crystal Dayton‡ Deephaven Eden Prairie Edina Excelsior Golden Valley Greenfield Greenwood Hanover‡ Hopkins Independence Long Lake Loretto Maple Grove Maple Plain Medicine Lake Medina Minneapolis Minnetonka Minnetonka Beach Minnetrista Mound New Hope Orono Osseo Plymouth Richfield Robbinsdale Rockford‡ Rogers Shorewood Spring Park St. Anthony‡ St. Bonifacius St. Louis Park Tonka Bay Wayzata Woodland	Map of Minnesota highlighting Hennepin County
Unincorporated area	Fort Snelling unorganized territory
Footnotes	‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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v t e State of Minnesota
Saint Paul (capital)
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Counties	Aitkin Anoka Becker Beltrami Benton Big Stone Blue Earth Brown Carlton Carver Cass Chippewa Chisago Clay Clearwater Cook Cottonwood Crow Wing Dakota Dodge Douglas Faribault Fillmore Freeborn Goodhue Grant Hennepin Houston Hubbard Isanti Itasca Jackson Kanabec Kandiyohi Kittson Koochiching Lac qui Parle Lake Lake of the Woods Le Sueur Lincoln Lyon Mahnomen Marshall Martin McLeod Meeker Mille Lacs Morrison Mower Murray Nicollet Nobles Norman Olmsted Otter Tail Pennington Pine Pipestone Polk Pope Ramsey Red Lake Redwood Renville Rice Rock Roseau Saint Louis Scott Sherburne Sibley Stearns Steele Stevens Swift Todd Traverse Wabasha Wadena Waseca Washington Watonwan Wilkin Winona Wright Yellow Medicine
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