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Ghaziabad

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This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Ghaziabad district, India.

Ghaziabad
गाज़ियाबाद
Gaziabad, Ghaziuddinnagar
City
CountryIndia
StateUttar Pradesh
DistrictGhaziabad District
Founded byGhazi-ud-din
Named forGhazi-ud-din
Government
 • BodyMunicipal Corporation
 • MayorTeluram Kamboj
Area
 • Total210 km2 (80 sq mi)
 • Rank1st
Elevation
250 m (820 ft)
Population
 (2011 census provisional data)
 • Total2,358,525
 • Density11,000/km2 (29,000/sq mi)
DemonymGhaziabadi
Languages
 • OfficialHindi Urdu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
201 xxx
Telephone code91-120
Vehicle registrationUP 14
Websitehttp://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com

Ghaziabad (Hindi pronunciation: [ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪]) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, often dubbed as the "Gateway of UP", for being New Delhi's immediate eastern neighbour and the main entrance to the state of UP.[1] It is a part of the National Capital Region of Delhi. [2] It is a large and planned, industrial city well-connected by roads and railways. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ghaziabad District, and is the primary commercial, industrial and educational centre of western Uttar Pradesh.[3] Recently, Ghaziabad was tagged the second fastest growing city in the world, by a City Mayors Foundation survey.[4][5][6] Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the Hindon River, namely: Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east side.[7] It is known for its high crime rate.[8][9][10] Ghaziabad is the most polluted city in Uttar Pradesh.[11]

Etymology

Ghaziabad is a shortened form of its former name Ghazi-ud-din-nagar. It was named so after its founder, Vazir Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung II, the then Prime Ministerof the Mughal Empire. The name was shortened to Ghaziabad after the opening of the railway.[12]

History

Ghaziabad was founded by Vazir Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung II, the then Prime Ministerof the Mughal Empire in the year 1740. [13]. Ghaziabad and surrounding areas have witnessed at least seven wars fought over the last millennium.[14] The Jat ruler of Surajpur, Raja Suraj Mal was killed in Ghaziabad in 1763, during the Mughal-Maratha war.[15] The city was also witness to the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805), when the Scindia forces lost to the British forces under Lord Gerard Lake, at Delhi.[16] British forces clashed with the Indian mutineers along the banks of the Hindon at Ghaziabad, in May, 1857, during the First War of Indian Independence. [17].

Ghaziabad became an important Railway Junction, serving as the principal gateway to Delhi on the Calcutta-Delhi Great Trunk Line of the East Indian Railway Company. The other two lines that converged at Ghaziabad after they were opened later were those of the Sindh, Punjab and Delhi Railway (opened in 1870)[18] and Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway (opened in 1898)[19] . It thus assumed further significance as it served as a vital railway link between many major urban centres of the country, including Calcutta, Delhi, Lahore, Karachi, Lucknow and Multan.[20] It remained, along with Meerut, the principal commercial centre of the District during the latter half of the 19th century.[21]. It was also the headquarters of the Ghaziabad tehsil, and the seat of one the two Munsifis of the Meerut District.[22]. The municipality was set up in 1868. [23].

Geography

Ghaziabad is situated about 2.5 km from the Hindon river. On the north it is bound by the district of Meerut, on the south by that of Bulandshahar and Gautambudh Nagar, on the south-west by Delhi and on the east by the newly formed district of Hapur. As its boundary is adjacent to Delhi, it acts as the main entrance to Uttar Pradesh and hence is also called the Gateway of Uttar Pradesh.

Hindon, a tributary of the Yamuna River, originating in the Upper Shivaliks is the main river flowing through the city. The Upper Ganges Canal flows through the northern part of the city, catering to the irrigation and drinking water needs of people of Ghaziabad and Delhi. The total municipal area of the city is 210 km2.[citation needed]

Dudheswar Math

Shri Dudheshwar Nath Math Mandir is a very popular local temple. It owes its name to a strange legend. It is said that long ago a cow released her own milk into a hole dug by her. Pious Hindus built a temple on that site. The Dudheshwar Nath temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is believed to be a 5000 year old structure. The temple is one of the major Ghaziabad tourist hotspots. The divine tree Kalpavriksha has planted by Vijaypal Baghel at this Math.

Demographics

The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. The literacy rate was 93.81 per cent.[24] Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B, i.e. having socio-economic parameters below the national average.[25]

Among the significant areas within the city are Indirapuram and Crossings Republik.[26]

Climate

As it is connected to National capital Delhi, its temperature and rainfall are similar to Delhi. Rajasthan's dust storms and snowfall in the Himalayas, Kumaon and Garhwal hills name their impact in the weather regularly. The monsoon arrives in the district during the end of the June or the first week of July and normally it rains until October.

As in other districts of northern India mainly three seasons- summer, winter and rainy prevail here but sometimes due to severe snowfall in the Himalayas and Kumaon Hills adverse weather can also seen.

Climate data for Ghaziabad
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 21
(70) 		23
(73) 		29
(84) 		36
(97) 		39
(102) 		38
(100) 		34
(93) 		33
(91) 		34
(93) 		33
(91) 		28
(82) 		23
(73) 		31
(87)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7
(45) 		10
(50) 		15
(59) 		21
(70) 		26
(79) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		26
(79) 		24
(75) 		19
(66) 		13
(55) 		8
(46) 		19
(66)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20.3
(0.80) 		20.3
(0.80) 		15.2
(0.60) 		20.3
(0.80) 		25.4
(1.00) 		71.1
(2.80) 		236.2
(9.30) 		236.2
(9.30) 		114.3
(4.50) 		17.8
(0.70) 		10.2
(0.40) 		10.2
(0.40) 		797.5
(31.4)
Source: Ghaziabad Weather

Administration

Ghaziabad was given the status of a municipal corporation (nagar nigam) on 31 August 1994.[7] Administravitely the city is divided into five areas: the City zone, the Kavi Nagar zone, the Vijay Nagar zone, the Mohan Nagar zone and the Vasundhara zone.[7]

Jal Nigam is the prime authority which deals with water supply and sewerage works in Ghaziabad.[27]

Due to its strategic location, it has been under tight security in recent times.[citation needed] Rajnath Singh, National Party President of the Bharatiya Janata Party, is the Member of Parliament from the city. He was first elected to that post in 2009.[28]

Economy

Kaushambi Housing Society
Indirapuram

Real Estate Hub

A proposal has been made to widen National Highway 24 (NH-24) from six to eight lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. As a large number of residential and commercial projects are coming up along the highway.[29] Some major developers which have invested heavily on NH-24 are SARE, Mahagun, Antriksh , Crossings Republik, Ansal, Wave etc. Places on NH-24 and National Highway 58 are flourishing as residential options to the capital because of their proximity to Delhi.[30]

Transport

Ghaziabad can be reached by air, road and rail. The nearest airport is the Indira Gandhi International airport which is about 45 km away. By road, Ghaziabad is well-connected on all sides to Delhi, NOIDA, Hapur, Modinagar, Bulandshahr, Meerut, Saharanpur, Haridwar, etc. A large number of people commute to Delhi, Noida, Greater Noida and Gurgaon every day for work.

  • Bus

There are bus terminals at Mohan Nagar, Lohia Nagar, Loni, Vasundhara and close to Meerut Road from where Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) buses serve cities all over the state. The Anand Vihar bus terminal of DTC is located on city's border. There is a bus terminal for private bus operators near ALT Center, Raj Nagar which is called ALT Bus Stand.

  • Rail

Ghaziabad is a railway junction and several lines pass through the city. The main railway station is situated in the middle of the city. Apart from Ghaziabad railway station (Station Code-GZB), city also has Sahibabad Railway Station (Station Code-SBB), Mahrauli Railway Station (Station Code-MFH), Adhyatmik Nagar Halt Railway Station (Station Code-AKNR), New Ghaziabad Railway Station (Station Code-GZN) and Guldhar Railway Station (Station Code-GUH). The city is well connected to Delhi and other neighbouring cities through Fast Moving Local Trains called EMU. Several trains connect Ghaziabad to Meerut, Aligarh, Delhi, New Delhi, Faridabad, Palwal, Mathura, Allahabad, Indore, Ujjain, Loni and others.

  • Delhi Metro

The Delhi Metro extends to Dilshad Garden station which is situated at the Apsara Border on the outskirts of the city. At present it serves the areas of Shalimar Garden and other neighbouring colonies. This line will be further extended to Old Bus Stand, Ghaziabad by 2014.[citation needed] Another station exists at Vaishali, which serves that area as well as Vasundhara and Indirapuram, and there is also a station at Kaushambi.[31] There are plans to extend the Blue Line Metro to Indirapuram and loni complete the Blue Line Circle by 2017.l[32]

Education

There are a number of private and government engineering, post-graduate, law colleges and management institutes in Ghaziabad. There are about 80-100 medical, dental, pharmacy colleges, and physiotherapy institutes.[citation needed] Some notable examples are Inderprastha Dental College, ABES Engineering College, Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad, Ideal Institute of Technology, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Krishna Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology, Hi-Tech Institute of Engineering & Technology and Lord Krishna College Of Engineering.

Schools in Ghaziabad notably include Delhi Public School.

Notable people

Zilla Ghaziabad, a movie released in 2013, is set in the city, and portrays the organised crime and gang wars of the 1980s and early 1990s, which dominated the social backdrop of the city during that period.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam".
  2. ^ "National Capital Region- Constituent Areas". NCRPB.
  3. ^ "District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History". NIC.
  4. ^ Dholakia, Viral (17 November 2011). "India houses 11 of !". Trak.in, Indian Business Blog. Archived from the original on 18 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Business:". 17 November 2011. Archived from the original on 20 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. "The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450". City Mayors. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help), current listings: "World's fastest growing urban areas (1)". City Mayors.
  7. ^ a b c "Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us". Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Vikram, Kumar (16 December 2012). "North News: Gangs of Ghaziabad! When it comes to 'gun power', civilians in Ghaziabad beat cops hands down". India Today. Archived from the original on 16 December 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Jahagirdar, Archana (5 July 2006). "Ghaziabad has long way to go". Times Of India. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  10. ^ Chakraborty, Tapas (6 August 2012). "20km from Delhi, a 'child kidnap capital'". Calcutta, India: The Telegraph. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  11. ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-03/pollution/40350145_1_air-pollution-urban-areas-ghaziabad
  12. ^ Atkinson, Edwin T. (1876). Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western Provinces of India. Allahabad: Government of the North Western Provinces. p. 381.
  13. ^ Atkinson, Edwin T. (1876). Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western Provinces of India. Allahabad: Government of the North Western Provinces. p. 382.
  14. ^ "Ghaziabad District Website- History of Ghaziabad".
  15. ^ Forster, George (1798). A Journey From Bengal To England. p. 128.
  16. ^ "Ghaziabad District Website- History of Ghaziabad".
  17. ^ Atkinson, Edwin T. (1876). Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western Provinces of India. Allahabad: Government of the North Western Provinces. p. 382.
  18. ^ http://irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ^ "The Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway" (PDF).
  20. ^ "IR History: Early Days".
  21. ^ Hunter, W.W. (1881). The Imperial Gazetteer of India. p. 352.
  22. ^ Atkinson, Edwin T. (1876). Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western Provinces of India. Allahabad: Government of the North Western Provinces. p. 200.
  23. ^ "The Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series".
  24. ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  25. ^ "Meeting of Empowered Committee" (PDF). Minutes of the Meeting Report. Government of India. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  26. ^ "Project for widening of 20km stretch on NH-24 scrapped". The Times of India. 29 May 2011.
  27. ^ Uttar Pradesh Water Supply & Sewerage Act, 1975. "Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam".
  28. ^ Das, Ayaskant (7 February 2012). "Rajnath Singh will contest again from Ghaziabad Lok Sabha seat". The Times of India.
  29. ^ "Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  30. ^ A K Tiwary, ET Bureau Sep 9, 2011, 08.02am IST (9 September 2011). "Ghaziabad real estate thriving along two national highways - Economic Times". Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 20 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ "Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work". Indian Express. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  32. ^ "Ghaziabad ePaper| Hindi ePaper Ghaziabad- Dainik Jagran". Epaper.jagran.com. 14 February 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
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