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List of semi-automatic train systems

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The Vancouver SkyTrain is the longest automated transit system in the world
Barcelona Metro line 9 without train driver
London's Victoria line trains - 2009 stock

The London Underground's Victoria line, opened in 1967, was the first line operated with Automatic Train Operation ATO, although a driver is present in the cabin. Many lines now operate like that, with the aim of improving the frequency of service. Since then, ATO technology has been developed to enable trains to operate even without a driver in a cab: either with an attendant roaming within the train, or with no staff on board. The first fully automated driverless mass-transit rail network is the Port Island Line in Kobe, Japan. The second in the world (and the first such driverless system in Europe) is the Lille Metro in northern France.

This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large-scale metros and railways but does include a few people mover systems.

The list is ordered in descending order of the degree of automation. It uses the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1.[1] These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP[2]

  • In a Grade of Automation 4 (GoA4) system like the Copenhagen Metro, trains are capable of operating automatically at all times, including door closing, obstacle detection and emergency situations. On-board staff may be provided for other purposes, e.g. customer service, but are not required for safe operation.
  • In a Grade of Automation 3 (GoA3) system like the Docklands Light Railway, trains run automatically from station to station but a staff member is always in the train, with responsibility for door closing and handling of emergency situations. In a GoA3 system, the train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board.
  • In a Grade of Automation 2 (GoA2) system with ATO like London Underground Victoria line, trains run automatically from station to station but a driver is in the cab, with responsibility for door closing, obstacle detection on the track in front of the train and handling of emergency situations. As in a GoA3 system, the GoA2 train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board.

Grade of Automation 4 Systems

These systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.

Europe

North America

AirTrain JFK system
Vancouver Skytrain system

South America

Asia

Rapid KL - Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line, one of the train that operate in fully automated, driverless train.

Grade of Automation 3 Systems

Grade of Automation 2 systems

Europe

North America

South America

Caribbean

  • Puerto Rico Puerto Rico - San Juan - Tren Urbano - the entire system is fully automated, but can be over-ridden. Substations providing the power are remotely controlled from an operational control centre.

Asia

Africa

Future system and lines

Standard systems for automated operation

Defunct systems

  • United Kingdom Post Office Railway - subway connected main post offices and railway terminals in London.
  • Germany Berlin M-Bahn - This was a maglev train in West-Berlin in operation from 1989 to 1991. It closed when a metro line, on which the M-Bahn's route partly lay, was scheduled to reopen. The metro line was closed in 1961 when the Berlin Wall erected, because it crossed the border.

See also

References

  1. ^ http://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/artnum/036384!opendocument
  2. ^ "Automation Essentials - Automated Metros Observatory".
  3. ^ Railway Gazette International May 2014, pg 15.
  4. ^ "Evergreen Extension opening today". 2 December 2016.
  5. ^ a b "doors open and close automatically under the new system-Gov.sg". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  6. ^ Barrow, Keith. "Beijing orders first driverless metro trains".
  7. ^ Transport for London Tube Upgrade Plan Archived 2013-02-15 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Subway Modernisation - SPT".
  9. ^ Weir, Kytja (June 2, 2011). "Metro: Trains to stay in manual mode for several years". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
  10. ^ NY1 News (2009-02-21). "L Subway service to be run by computers". Archived from the original on 2009-09-09. Retrieved 2011-12-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "MTA L Train Response to Squadron" (PDF) (Press release). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  12. ^ "Rio Tinto ready to test automated operation". "22 May 2014". {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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