List of living cardinals

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Generic depiction of a cardinal's choir dress
Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet, comprising cassock, fascia, rochet, mozzetta, pectoral cross, zucchetto, biretta and ring

Cardinals are senior ecclesiastical leaders of the Catholic Church, almost always ordained bishops and generally holding important roles within the church, such as governing prominent archdioceses or managing dicasteries within the Roman Curia. They are created in consistories by the pope and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope (invariably from among themselves, although not a formal requirement) when the Holy See is vacant, following the death or the resignation of the reigning pontiff. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.[1][2]

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See falls vacant (i.e. cardinals who were born on or after 11 November 1939, if it fell vacant today) are eligible to participate in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution also specifies a maximum of 120 cardinal electors who can participate in a conclave;[3] this number has regularly been temporarily exceeded, although never at the time of a conclave. Cardinals may also be created in pectore (reserved 'in the breast'), in which case they are not publicly revealed by the pope; they do not enjoy the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][4]

As of 15 October 2019, there are 224 cardinals, 124 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 5 October 2019, when Pope Francis created thirteen cardinals, including ten cardinal electors.[5] Telesphore Placidus Toppo was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 15 October 2019; Béchara Boutros Raï will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 25 February 2020. Serafim Fernandes de Araújo was the most recent cardinal to die, on 8 October 2019, at the age of 95.[6]

Living cardinals[edit]

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with official precedence in the following sequence, generally reflecting seniority and honour:[1]

  1. Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome (and other cardinals who are additionally co-opted into the order, in derogation of canon law[7]), appointed from the other cardinals by the pope, as well as cardinals who are patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches.[8] The two most senior cardinal bishops of the College, elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding those who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope,[1] are termed the Dean and the Vice-Dean, currently Angelo Sodano and Giovanni Battista Re, respectively; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is Pietro Parolin.[a]
  2. Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses (normally ordinaries), as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted for the order.[9] The most senior cardinal priest of the College is termed the Protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.[a]
  3. Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who hold curial or diplomatic roles and other clergy (including priests granted a dispensation not to be consecrated bishops). They have the option (Latin: optatio) of becoming cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years.[1][10] The most senior cardinal deacon of the College is termed the Protodeacon, currently Renato Raffaele Martino; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal deacon is Robert Sarah and the junior cardinal deacon is Michael Czerny.[a]

For cardinal bishops, except for those who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, the Dean is first in precedence, followed by the Vice-Dean and then by the remainder in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

By default, this table is sorted by order of precedence, as denoted by the No. column. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the respective post-nominal letters.

This list is complete and up-to-date as of 9 November 2019.
* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave
No. Name Country Born
Age 		Order Consistory
Pope 		Office Ref.
1 Angelo Sodano*  Italy 23 November 1927
(age 91) 		CB 28 June 1991[i]
John Paul II 		Secretary of State emeritus (Dean) [11]
2 Giovanni Battista Re*  Italy 30 January 1934
(age 85) 		CB 21 February 2001[ii]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops (Vice-Dean) [12]
3 Francis Arinze*  Nigeria 1 November 1932
(age 87) 		CB 25 May 1985[iii]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [13]
4 Tarcisio Bertone SDB*  Italy 2 December 1934
(age 84) 		CB 21 October 2003[iv]
John Paul II 		Secretary of State emeritus and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church emeritus [14]
5 José Saraiva Martins CMF*  Portugal 6 January 1932
(age 87) 		CB 21 February 2001[v]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [15]
6 Pietro Parolin  Italy 17 January 1955
(age 64) 		CB 22 February 2014[vi]
Francis 		Secretary of State [16]
7 Leonardo Sandri  Argentina 18 November 1943
(age 75) 		CB 24 November 2007[vii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches [17]
8 Marc Ouellet PSS  Canada 8 June 1944
(age 75) 		CB 21 October 2003[vi]
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops [18]
9 Fernando Filoni  Italy 15 April 1946
(age 73) 		CB 18 February 2012[viii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples [19]
10 Antonios Naguib*  Egypt 18 March 1935
(age 84) 		CB 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Patriarch emeritus of Alexandria
(Coptic Catholic Church) 		[20]
11 Béchara Boutros Raï OMM  Lebanon 25 February 1940
(age 79) 		CB 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Patriarch of Antioch
(Maronite Church) 		[21]
12 Louis Raphaël I Sako  Iraq 4 July 1948
(age 71) 		CB 28 June 2018
Francis 		Patriarch of Babylon
(Chaldean Catholic Church) 		[22]
13 Michael Michai Kitbunchu*  Thailand 25 January 1929
(age 90) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok (Protopriest) [23]
14 Alexandre do Nascimento*  Angola 1 March 1925
(age 94) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Luanda [24]
15 Thomas Stafford Williams*  New Zealand 20 March 1930
(age 89) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Wellington [25]
16 Henryk Roman Gulbinowicz*  Poland 17 October 1923
(age 96) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Wrocław [26]
17 Jozef Tomko*  Slovakia 11 March 1924
(age 95) 		CP 25 May 1985[ix]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses [27]
18 Paul Poupard*  France 30 August 1930
(age 89) 		CP 25 May 1985[ix]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue [28]
19 Friedrich Wetter*  Germany 20 February 1928
(age 91) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising [29]
20 Adrianus Johannes Simonis*  Netherlands 26 November 1931
(age 87) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Utrecht [30]
21 Eduardo Martínez Somalo*  Spain 31 March 1927
(age 92) 		CP 28 June 1988[x]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church emeritus [31]
22 José Freire Falcão*  Brazil 23 October 1925
(age 94) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Brasília [32]
23 Alexandre José Maria dos Santos OFM*  Mozambique 18 March 1924
(age 95) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Maputo [33]
24 Christian Wiyghan Tumi*  Cameroon 15 October 1930
(age 89) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Douala [34]
25 Edward Idris Cassidy*  Australia 5 July 1924
(age 95) 		CP 28 June 1991[xi]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [35]
26 Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez*  Dominican Republic 31 October 1936
(age 83) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo [36]
27 Roger Michael Mahony*  United States 27 February 1936
(age 83) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles [37]
28 Camillo Ruini*  Italy 19 February 1931
(age 88) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Vicar General emeritus for Rome and Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [38]
29 Henri Schwery*   Switzerland 14 June 1932
(age 87) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Bishop emeritus of Sion [39]
30 Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja SJ*  Indonesia 20 December 1934
(age 84) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta [40]
31 Emmanuel Wamala*  Uganda 15 December 1926
(age 92) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Kampala [41]
32 Adam Joseph Maida*  United States 18 March 1930
(age 89) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Detroit [42]
33 Vinko Puljić  Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 September 1945
(age 74) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vrhbosna [43]
34 Juan Sandoval Íñiguez*  Mexico 28 March 1933
(age 86) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara [44]
35 Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez*  Chile 23 December 1926
(age 92) 		CP 21 February 1998[xii]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [45]
36 James Francis Stafford*  United States 26 July 1932
(age 87) 		CP 21 February 1998[xii]
John Paul II 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [46]
37 Salvatore De Giorgi*  Italy 6 September 1930
(age 89) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [47]
38 Antonio María Rouco Varela*  Spain 20 August 1936
(age 83) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Madrid [48]
39 Polycarp Pengo  Tanzania 5 August 1944
(age 75) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Dar-es-Salaam [49]
40 Christoph Schönborn OP  Austria 22 January 1945
(age 74) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vienna [50]
41 Norberto Rivera Carrera  Mexico 6 June 1942
(age 77) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Mexico [51]
42 Marian Jaworski*  Poland[b] 21 August 1926
(age 93) 		CP 21 February 1998[c]
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lviv [52]
43 Jānis Pujats*  Latvia 14 November 1930
(age 88) 		CP 21 February 1998[c]
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Riga [53]
44 Agostino Cacciavillan*  Italy 14 August 1926
(age 93) 		CP 21 February 2001[xiii]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [54]
45 Sergio Sebastiani*  Italy 11 April 1931
(age 88) 		CP 21 February 2001[xiii]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See [55]
46 Zenon Grocholewski*  Poland 11 October 1939
(age 80) 		CP 21 February 2001[xiii]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education [56]
47 Crescenzio Sepe  Italy 2 June 1943
(age 76) 		CP 21 February 2001[xiv]
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Naples [57]
48 Walter Kasper*  Germany 5 March 1933
(age 86) 		CP 21 February 2001[xiii]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [58]
49 Geraldo Majella Agnelo*  Brazil 19 October 1933
(age 86) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of São Salvador da Bahia [59]
50 Pedro Rubiano Sáenz*  Colombia 13 September 1932
(age 87) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá [60]
51 Audrys Juozas Bačkis*  Lithuania 1 February 1937
(age 82) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Vilnius [61]
52 Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch*  Chile 5 September 1933
(age 86) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [62]
53 Wilfrid Fox Napier OFM  South Africa 8 March 1941
(age 78) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Durban [63]
54 Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB  Honduras 29 December 1942
(age 76) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator of the Council of Cardinals [64]
55 Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne  Peru 28 December 1943
(age 75) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lima [65]
56 Francisco Álvarez Martínez*  Spain 14 July 1925
(age 94) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Toledo [66]
57 Cláudio Hummes OFM*  Brazil 8 August 1934
(age 85) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy [67]
58 Severino Poletto*  Italy 18 March 1933
(age 86) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Turin [68]
59 Julián Herranz Casado*  Spain 31 March 1930
(age 89) 		CP 21 October 2003[xv]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [69]
60 Javier Lozano Barragán*  Mexico 26 January 1933
(age 86) 		CP 21 October 2003[xv]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers [70]
61 Angelo Scola  Italy 7 November 1941
(age 78) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Milan [71]
62 Anthony Olubunmi Okogie*  Nigeria 16 June 1936
(age 83) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lagos [72]
63 Gabriel Zubeir Wako  Sudan 27 February 1941
(age 78) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Khartoum [73]
64 Carlos Amigo Vallejo OFM*  Spain 23 August 1934
(age 85) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Seville [74]
65 Justin Francis Rigali*  United States 19 April 1935
(age 84) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia [75]
66 Eusébio Oscar Scheid SCI*  Brazil 8 December 1932
(age 86) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro [76]
67 Ennio Antonelli*  Italy 18 November 1936
(age 82) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family [77]
68 Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson  Ghana 11 October 1948
(age 71) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [78]
69 Telesphore Placidus Toppo*  India 15 October 1939
(age 80) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Ranchi [79]
70 George Pell  Australia 8 June 1941
(age 78) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Secretariat for the Economy [80]
71 Josip Bozanić  Croatia 20 March 1949
(age 70) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Zagreb [81]
72 Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn*  Vietnam 5 March 1934
(age 85) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Ho Chi Minh City [82]
73 Philippe Barbarin  France 17 October 1950
(age 69) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Lyon [83]
74 Péter Erdő  Hungary 25 June 1952
(age 67) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest [84]
75 Franc Rodé CM*  Slovenia 23 September 1934
(age 85) 		CP 24 March 2006[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [85]
76 Agostino Vallini  Italy 17 April 1940
(age 79) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi [86]
77 Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino  Venezuela 28 August 1942
(age 77) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Caracas [87]
78 Gaudencio Borbon Rosales*  Philippines 10 August 1932
(age 87) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Manila [88]
79 Jean-Pierre Ricard  France 25 September 1944
(age 75) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Bordeaux [89]
80 Antonio Cañizares Llovera  Spain 15 October 1945
(age 74) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Valencia [90]
81 Nicholas Cheong Jin-suk*  South Korea 7 December 1931
(age 87) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Seoul [91]
82 Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap  United States 29 June 1944
(age 75) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Boston and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors [92]
83 Stanisław Dziwisz*  Poland 27 April 1939
(age 80) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Kraków [93]
84 Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB*  China ( Hong Kong)[d] 13 January 1932
(age 87) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [94]
85 Albert Vanhoye SJ*  France 24 July 1923
(age 96) 		CP 24 March 2006[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		Priest of the Society of Jesus[e] [95]
86 Giovanni Lajolo*  Italy 3 January 1935
(age 84) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [96]
87 Paul Josef Cordes*  Germany 5 September 1934
(age 85) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum [97]
88 Angelo Comastri  Italy 17 September 1943
(age 76) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter [98]
89 Stanisław Ryłko  Poland 4 July 1945
(age 74) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [99]
90 Raffaele Farina SDB*  Italy 24 September 1933
(age 86) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church emeritus [100]
91 Seán Baptist Brady*  Ireland[f] 16 August 1939
(age 80) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Armagh [101]
92 Lluís Martínez Sistach*  Spain 29 April 1937
(age 82) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona [102]
93 André Vingt-Trois  France 7 November 1942
(age 77) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Paris [103]
94 Angelo Bagnasco  Italy 14 January 1943
(age 76) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Genoa [104]
95 Théodore-Adrien Sarr*  Senegal 28 November 1936
(age 82) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Dakar [105]
96 Oswald Gracias  India 24 December 1944
(age 74) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Bombay [106]
97 Francisco Robles Ortega  Mexico 2 March 1949
(age 70) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Guadalajara [107]
98 Daniel Nicholas DiNardo  United States 23 May 1949
(age 70) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Galveston-Houston [108]
99 Odilo Pedro Scherer  Brazil 21 September 1949
(age 70) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of São Paulo [109]
100 John Njue  Kenya 1944[g]
(age 74) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Nairobi [110]
101 Estanislao Esteban Karlic*  Argentina 7 February 1926
(age 93) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Paraná [111]
102 Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga*  Ecuador 1 January 1934
(age 85) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Quito [112]
103 Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya*  Democratic Republic of the Congo 7 October 1939
(age 80) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Kinshasa [113]
104 Paolo Romeo*  Italy 20 February 1938
(age 81) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [114]
105 Donald William Wuerl  United States 12 November 1940
(age 78) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Washington [115]
106 Raymundo Damasceno Assis*  Brazil 15 February 1937
(age 82) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Aparecida [116]
107 Kazimierz Nycz  Poland 1 February 1950
(age 69) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Warsaw [117]
108 Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige Don  Sri Lanka 15 November 1947
(age 71) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Colombo [118]
109 Reinhard Marx  Germany 21 September 1953
(age 66) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy [119]
110 George Alencherry  India 19 April 1945
(age 74) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly
(Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) 		[120]
111 Thomas Christopher Collins  Canada 16 January 1947
(age 72) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Toronto [121]
112 Dominik Duka OP  Czech Republic 26 April 1943
(age 76) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Prague [122]
113 Willem Jacobus Eijk  Netherlands 22 June 1953
(age 66) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Utrecht [123]
114 Giuseppe Betori  Italy 25 February 1947
(age 72) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Florence [124]
115 Timothy Michael Dolan  United States 6 February 1950
(age 69) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of New York [125]
116 Rainer Maria Woelki  Germany 18 August 1956
(age 63) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Cologne [126]
117 John Tong Hon*  China ( Hong Kong)[d] 31 July 1939
(age 80) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [127]
118 Lucian Mureșan*  Romania 23 May 1931
(age 88) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia
(Romanian Greek Catholic Church) 		[128]
119 Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal  India 15 June 1959
(age 60) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Trivandrum
(Syro-Malankara Catholic Church) 		[129]
120 John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan  Nigeria 29 January 1944
(age 75) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Abuja [130]
121 Rubén Salazar Gómez  Colombia 22 September 1942
(age 77) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Bogotá [131]
122 Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle  Philippines 21 June 1957
(age 62) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Manila [132]
123 Vincent Gerard Nichols  United Kingdom 8 November 1945
(age 74) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Westminster [133]
124 Leopoldo José Brenes Solórzano  Nicaragua 7 March 1949
(age 70) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Managua [134]
125 Gérald Cyprien Lacroix ISPX  Canada 27 July 1957
(age 62) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Quebec [135]
126 Jean-Pierre Kutwa  Ivory Coast 22 December 1945
(age 73) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Abidjan [136]
127 Orani João Tempesta OCist  Brazil 23 June 1950
(age 69) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro [137]
128 Gualtiero Bassetti  Italy 7 April 1942
(age 77) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Perugia-Città della Pieve [138]
129 Mario Aurelio Poli  Argentina 29 November 1947
(age 71) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Buenos Aires [139]
130 Andrew Yeom Soo-jung  South Korea 5 December 1943
(age 75) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Seoul [140]
131 Ricardo Ezzati Andrello SDB  Chile 7 January 1942
(age 77) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [141]
132 Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo  Burkina Faso 25 January 1945
(age 74) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Ouagadougou [142]
133 Orlando Beltran Quevedo OMI*  Philippines 11 March 1939
(age 80) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cotabato [143]
134 Chibly Langlois  Haiti 29 November 1958
(age 60) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Bishop of Les Cayes [144]
135 Kelvin Edward Felix*  Saint Lucia 15 February 1933
(age 86) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Castries [145]
136 Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente  Portugal 16 July 1948
(age 71) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Patriarch of Lisbon [146]
137 Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM  Ethiopia 14 July 1948
(age 71) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Addis Abeba
(Ethiopian Catholic Church) 		[147]
138 John Atcherley Dew  New Zealand 5 May 1948
(age 71) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Wellington [148]
139 Edoardo Menichelli*  Italy 14 October 1939
(age 80) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Ancona-Osimo [149]
140 Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn*  Vietnam 1 April 1938
(age 81) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Hanoi [150]
141 Alberto Suárez Inda*  Mexico 30 January 1939
(age 80) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Morelia [151]
142 Charles Maung Bo SDB  Myanmar 29 October 1948
(age 71) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Yangon [152]
143 Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovithavanij  Thailand 27 June 1949
(age 70) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Bangkok [153]
144 Francesco Montenegro  Italy 22 May 1946
(age 73) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Agrigento [154]
145 Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet SDB  Uruguay 4 July 1959
(age 60) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Montevideo [155]
146 Ricardo Blázquez Pérez  Spain 13 April 1942
(age 77) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Valladolid [156]
147 José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR  Panama 24 February 1944
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of David [157]
148 Arlindo Gomes Furtado  Cape Verde 15 November 1949
(age 69) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde [158]
149 Soane Patita Paini Mafi  Tonga 19 December 1961
(age 57) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of Tonga [159]
150 Luis Héctor Villalba*  Argentina 11 October 1934
(age 85) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Tucumán [160]
151 Júlio Duarte Langa*  Mozambique 27 October 1927
(age 92) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Xai-Xai [161]
152 Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp  Central African Republic 14 March 1967
(age 52) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Bangui [162]
153 Carlos Osoro Sierra  Spain 16 May 1945
(age 74) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Madrid [163]
154 Sérgio da Rocha  Brazil 21 October 1959
(age 60) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Brasília [164]
155 Blase Joseph Cupich  United States 19 March 1949
(age 70) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Chicago [165]
156 Patrick D'Rozario CSC  Bangladesh 1 October 1943
(age 76) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Dhaka [166]
157 Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo  Venezuela 10 October 1944
(age 75) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Mérida [167]
158 Jozef De Kesel  Belgium 17 June 1947
(age 72) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels [168]
159 Maurice Piat CSSp  Mauritius 17 July 1941
(age 78) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Bishop of Port-Louis [169]
160 Carlos Aguiar Retes  Mexico 9 January 1950
(age 69) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Mexico [170]
161 John Ribat MSC  Papua New Guinea 9 February 1957
(age 62) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Port Moresby [171]
162 Joseph William Tobin CSsR  United States 3 May 1952
(age 67) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Newark [172]
163 Anthony Soter Fernandez*  Malaysia 22 April 1932
(age 87) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Kuala Lumpur [173]
164 Renato Corti*  Italy 1 March 1936
(age 83) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Novara [174]
165 Sebastian Koto Khoarai OMI*  Lesotho 11 September 1929
(age 90) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Mohale's Hoek [175]
166 Jean Zerbo  Mali 27 December 1943
(age 75) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Archbishop of Bamako [176]
167 Juan José Omella Omella  Spain 21 April 1946
(age 73) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Archbishop of Barcelona [177]
168 Anders Arborelius OCD  Sweden 24 September 1949
(age 70) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Bishop of Stockholm [178]
169 Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD  Laos 8 April 1944
(age 75) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane [179]
170 Gregorio Rosa Chávez  El Salvador 3 September 1942
(age 77) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Auxiliary Bishop of San Salvador [180]
171 Angelo De Donatis  Italy 4 January 1954
(age 65) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [181]
172 Joseph Coutts  Pakistan 21 July 1945
(age 74) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Karachi [182]
173 António Augusto dos Santos Marto  Portugal 5 May 1947
(age 72) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Bishop of Leiria-Fátima [183]
174 Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno SJ  Peru 12 February 1944
(age 75) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Huancayo [184]
175 Désiré Tsarahazana  Madagascar 13 June 1954
(age 65) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Toamasina [185]
176 Giuseppe Petrocchi  Italy 19 August 1948
(age 71) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of L'Aquila [186]
177 Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda  Japan 3 March 1949
(age 70) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Osaka [187]
178 Toribio Ticona Porco*  Bolivia 25 April 1937
(age 82) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prelate emeritus of Corocoro [188]
179 Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo  Indonesia 9 July 1950
(age 69) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Jakarta [5]
180 Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez  Cuba 11 July 1948
(age 71) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana [5]
181 Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap  Democratic Republic of the Congo 24 January 1960
(age 59) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Kinshasa [5]
182 Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ  Luxembourg 9 August 1958
(age 61) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Luxembourg [5]
183 Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri  Guatemala 16 July 1947
(age 72) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Bishop of Huehuetenango [5]
184 Matteo Maria Zuppi  Italy 11 October 1955
(age 64) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Bologna [5]
185 Cristóbal López Romero SDB  Morocco 19 May 1952
(age 67) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Rabat [5]
186 Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ*  Lithuania 7 November 1938
(age 81) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas [5]
187 Eugenio Dal Corso PSDP*  Angola 16 May 1939
(age 80) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Benguela [5]
188 Renato Raffaele Martino*  Italy 23 November 1932
(age 86) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Justice and Peace and for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People (Protodeacon) [189]
189 Angelo Amato SDB*  Italy 8 June 1938
(age 81) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [190]
190 Robert Sarah  Guinea 15 June 1945
(age 74) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [191]
191 Francesco Monterisi*  Italy 28 May 1934
(age 85) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [192]
192 Raymond Leo Burke  United States 30 June 1948
(age 71) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [193]
193 Kurt Koch   Switzerland 15 March 1950
(age 69) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [194]
194 Mauro Piacenza  Italy 15 September 1944
(age 75) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Major Penitentiary [195]
195 Gianfranco Ravasi  Italy 18 October 1942
(age 77) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council for Culture [196]
196 Walter Brandmüller*  Germany 5 January 1929
(age 90) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences [197]
197 Manuel Monteiro de Castro*  Portugal 29 March 1938
(age 81) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [198]
198 Santos Abril y Castelló*  Spain 21 September 1935
(age 84) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [199]
199 Antonio Maria Vegliò*  Italy 3 February 1938
(age 81) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [200]
200 Giuseppe Bertello  Italy 1 October 1942
(age 77) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [201]
201 Francesco Coccopalmerio*  Italy 6 March 1938
(age 81) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [202]
202 João Braz de Aviz  Brazil 24 April 1947
(age 72) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [203]
203 Edwin Frederick O'Brien*  United States 8 April 1939
(age 80) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [204]
204 Domenico Calcagno  Italy 3 February 1943
(age 76) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [205]
205 Giuseppe Versaldi  Italy 30 July 1943
(age 76) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education [206]
206 Prosper Grech OSA*  Malta 24 December 1925
(age 93) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Titular Archbishop emeritus of San Leone [207]
207 James Michael Harvey  United States 20 October 1949
(age 70) 		CD 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [208]
208 Lorenzo Baldisseri  Italy 29 September 1940
(age 79) 		CD 22 February 2014
Francis 		Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops [209]
209 Gerhard Ludwig Müller  Germany 31 December 1947
(age 71) 		CD 22 February 2014
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [210]
210 Beniamino Stella  Italy 18 August 1941
(age 78) 		CD 22 February 2014
Francis 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy [211]
211 Dominique Mamberti  France 7 March 1952
(age 67) 		CD 14 February 2015
Francis 		Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura [212]
212 Luigi De Magistris*  Italy 23 February 1926
(age 93) 		CD 14 February 2015
Francis 		Pro-Major Penitentiary emeritus [213]
213 Karl-Josef Rauber*  Germany 11 April 1934
(age 85) 		CD 14 February 2015
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Belgium and to Luxembourg [214]
214 Mario Zenari  Italy 5 January 1946
(age 73) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio to Syria [215]
215 Kevin Joseph Farrell  United States 2 September 1947
(age 72) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church [216]
216 Ernest Simoni*  Albania 18 October 1928
(age 91) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Priest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër-Pult[e] [217]
217 Luis Francisco Ladaria Ferrer SJ  Spain 19 April 1944
(age 75) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [218]
218 Giovanni Angelo Becciu  Italy 2 June 1948
(age 71) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints and Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [219]
219 Konrad Krajewski  Poland 25 November 1963
(age 55) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Almoner of His Holiness [220]
220 Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF*  Spain 17 May 1938
(age 81) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Superior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary [221]
221 Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot MCCJ  Spain 17 June 1952
(age 67) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue [5]
222 José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça  Portugal 15 December 1965
(age 53) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church [5]
223 Michael Czerny SJ  Canada 18 July 1946
(age 73) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Under-Secretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [5]
224 Michael Louis Fitzgerald MAfr*  United Kingdom 17 August 1937
(age 82) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Egypt [5]

Former cardinals[edit]

In addition, as of 28 July 2018, there are three living former cardinals, listed here in order of their departure from the College:

Demographics of the College of Cardinals[edit]

This table shows the number of living cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order. By default, it is sorted by order of pontificate, as denoted by the No. column.

Currently, 55.4 per cent of all cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority, if all 124 cardinal electors were to participate (notwithstanding the maximum of 120 as specified in Universi Dominici gregis), would be 83.[3][226]

Pope Order Total Percentage of total
No. Name
Pontificate 		Cardinal bishops Cardinal priests Cardinal deacons
All Electors All Electors All Electors All Electors All Electors
264 John Paul II
16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005 		6 1 62 15 1 0 69 16 30.8% 12.9%
265 Benedict XVI
19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013 		4 3 48 29 19 10 71 42 31.7% 33.9%
266 Francis
13 March 2013 – present 		2 2 65 52 17 12 84 66 37.5% 53.2%
Total 12 6 175 96 37 22 224 124 100.0% 100.0%
Percentage of total 5.4% 4.8% 78.1% 77.4% 16.5% 17.7% 100.0% 100.0%

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris[edit]

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches.

Currently, there are seven Eastern Catholic cardinals, including five cardinal electors, belonging to seven particular churches sui iuris:

For Eastern Catholic particular churches sui iuris, bracketed percentages are in relation to all Eastern Catholic Churches as a whole.

Particular church sui iuris All cardinals Cardinal electors
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Latin Church
(Western) 		217 96.9% 119 96.0%
Eastern Churches Chaldean Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		1 0.8%
(20.0%)
Coptic Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		0 0.0%
(0.0%)
Ethiopian Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		1 0.8%
(20.0%)
Maronite Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		1 0.8%
(20.0%)
Romanian Greek Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		0 0.0%
(0.0%)
Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		1 0.8%
(20.0%)
Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		1 0.8%
(20.0%)
Total 7 3.1%
(100.0%) 		5 4.0%
(100.0%)
Total 224 100.0% 124 100.0%

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or by society of apostolic life[edit]

Currently, there are 48 cardinals (21.4 per cent), including 28 cardinal electors (22.6 per cent), belonging to 25 institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life. The demonym, if not otherwise apparent, is given in brackets.

Post-nominal Institute or society All cardinals Cardinal electors
CM Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians/Lazarists) 2 1
CMF Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Claretians) 2 0
CSC Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers) 1 1
CSSp Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers / Spiritans) 2 2
CSsR Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) 1 1
ISch Institute of Schönstatt Fathers 1 0
ISPX Pius X Secular Institute 1 1
IVD Voluntas Dei Institute 1 1
MAfr Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) 1 0
MCCJ Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus 1 1
MSC Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 1 1
OAR Order of Augustinian Recollects 1 1
OCD Order of Discalced Carmelites 1 1
OCist Order of Cistercians 1 1
OFM Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) 4 1
OFMCap Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins) 2 2
OMI Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates) 2 0
OMM Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians) 1 1
OP Order of Preachers (Dominicans) 2 2
OSA Order of Saint Augustine (Augustinians) 1 0
PSDP Poor Servants of Divine Providence 1 0
PSS Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians) 1 1
SCI Priests of the Sacred Heart (Dehonians) 1 0
SDB Salesians of Don Bosco (Salesians) 9 5
SJ Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 7 4
None Secular clergy 176 96
Total 224 124

Cardinals by continent[edit]

In this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the Americas region, North America comprises the Northern America, the Central America and the Caribbean subregions, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.

Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors Percentage of global Catholic population (2017)[227]
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Africa 29 12.9% 17 13.7% 17.8%
North America 33 14.7% 23 18.5% 48.5%[h]
South America 25 11.2% 13 10.5%
Asia 26 11.6% 15 12.1% 11.1%
Europe 105 46.9% 52 41.9% 21.8%
Oceania 6 2.7% 4 3.2% 0.8%
Total 224 100.0% 124 100.0% 100.0%

Cardinals by country[edit]

Currently, there are 90 countries that have cardinals, 68 of which have cardinal electors. The countries with the greatest percentages of all cardinals are Italy (18.8 per cent), jointly, the United States and Spain (6.3 per cent each) and Brazil (4.0 per cent). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest percentages are Italy (17.7 per cent), the United States (7.3 per cent) and Spain (4.8 per cent).

Country Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors
 Albania Europe 1 0
 Angola Africa 2 0
 Argentina South America 4 2
 Australia Oceania 2 1
 Austria Europe 1 1
 Bangladesh Asia 1 1
 Belgium Europe 1 1
 Bolivia South America 1 0
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 1 1
 Brazil South America 9 4
 Burkina Faso Africa 1 1
 Cameroon Africa 1 0
 Canada North America 4 4
 Cape Verde Africa 1 1
 Central African Republic Africa 1 1
 Chile South America 3 1
 China ( Hong Kong)[d] Asia 2 0
 Colombia South America 2 1
 Cuba North America 1 1
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa 2 1
 Croatia Europe 1 1
 Czech Republic Europe 1 1
 Dominican Republic North America 1 0
 Ecuador South America 1 0
 Egypt Africa 1 0
 El Salvador North America 1 1
 Ethiopia Africa 1 1
 France Europe 6 4
 Germany Europe 8 3
 Ghana Africa 1 1
 Guatemala North America 1 1
 Guinea Africa 1 1
 Haiti North America 1 1
 Honduras North America 1 1
 Hungary Europe 1 1
 India Asia 4 3
 Indonesia Asia 2 1
 Iraq Asia 1 1
 Ireland Europe 1 0
 Italy Europe 42 22
 Ivory Coast Africa 1 1
 Japan Asia 1 1
 Kenya Africa 1 1
 South Korea Asia 2 1
 Laos Asia 1 1
 Latvia Europe 1 0
 Lebanon Asia 1 1
 Lesotho Africa 1 0
 Lithuania Europe 2 0
 Luxembourg Europe 1 1
 Madagascar Africa 1 1
 Malaysia Asia 1 0
 Mali Africa 1 1
 Malta Europe 1 0
 Mauritius Africa 1 1
 Mexico North America 6 3
 Morocco Africa 1 1
 Mozambique Africa 2 0
 Myanmar Asia 1 1
 Netherlands Europe 2 1
 New Zealand Oceania 2 1
 Nicaragua North America 1 1
 Nigeria Africa 3 1
 Pakistan Asia 1 1
 Panama North America 1 1
 Papua New Guinea Oceania 1 1
 Peru South America 2 2
 Philippines Asia 3 1
 Poland Europe 7 3
 Portugal Europe 5 3
 Romania Europe 1 0
 Saint Lucia North America 1 0
 Senegal Africa 1 0
 Slovakia Europe 1 0
 Slovenia Europe 1 0
 South Africa Africa 1 1
 Spain Europe 14 6
 Sri Lanka Asia 1 1
 Sudan Africa 1 1
 Sweden Europe 1 1
  Switzerland Europe 2 1
 Tanzania Africa 1 1
 Thailand Asia 2 1
 Tonga Oceania 1 1
 Uganda Africa 1 0
 United Kingdom Europe 2 1
 United States North America 14 9
 Uruguay South America 1 1
 Venezuela South America 2 2
 Vietnam Asia 2 0
Total 224 124

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 January 1994
  2. ^ Created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002
  3. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
  4. ^ Created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
  5. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
  6. ^ a b Created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  7. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  8. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  9. ^ a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
  10. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 9 January 1999
  11. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 26 February 2002
  12. ^ a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
  13. ^ a b c d Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
  14. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
  15. ^ a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
  16. ^ a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
  17. ^ a b c d e Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
  1. ^ a b c Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).[3]
  2. ^ Territory as archbishop in  Ukraine
  3. ^ a b Created in pectore; revealed on 21 February 2001
  4. ^ a b c Special administrative region of China
  5. ^ a b Granted a dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
  6. ^ Territory as archbishop also in the  United Kingdom
  7. ^ Exact date of birth unknown
  8. ^ For the Americas (North and South America) as a whole

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e "The College of Cardinals General Documentazion". Holy See Press Office. 17 February 2014. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  2. ^ Wikisource-logo.svg Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). "Cardinal" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  3. ^ a b c d Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  4. ^ Wikisource-logo.svg Boudinhon, Auguste (1913). "In Petto" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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External links[edit]

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