Wikipedia:Fringe theories/Noticeboard

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Fringe theories noticeboard - dealing with all sorts of pseudoscience
Before posting, make sure you understand this short summary of relevant policies and advice and particularly the guideline on treating fringe theories. Also, check the archives for similar discussions. We can help determine whether the topic is fringe and if so, whether it is treated accurately and impartially. Our purpose is not to remove any mention of fringe theories, but to describe them properly. Never present fringe theories as fact. If you mention specific editors, you should notify them. You may use {{subst:ftn-notice}} to do so. Deploy {{talk fringe|the fringe theory name}} to articles' talkpages under discussion. Please also notify any relevant Wikiprojects to encourage an increased visibility for the discussion.
Search this noticeboard & archives Lowercase sigmabot III will archive sections older than 20 days Additional notes: Discussion of fringe theories will only depend on coverage in reliable sources. Medicine-related claims must comply with more stringent sourcing requirements, but we also generally prefer academic sources. We are not a forum to discuss fringe theories as such. Our goal is to improve articles about them, or create new ones if needed. For concerns about neutrality in articles not about fringe theories, use the neutral point of view noticeboard. Report article content that appears to violate the no original research rule at this noticeboard. Paste {{Resolved|Your reason here ~~~~}} at the top of the section when your concern was addressed.
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USS Theodore Roosevelt UFO incidents

USS Theodore Roosevelt UFO incidents (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

Some work on this would be appreciated.

jps (talk) 18:47, 25 February 2020 (UTC)

Some sources useful for general criticism of various under-criticized or critique-free articles regarding Navy UFO reports, AATIP, To The Stars, etc.: Robert Sheaffer [1], Joe Nickell [2], Flying Magazine [3] and Ben Radford ("Newly Revealed Secret DoD 'UFO' Project Less Than Meets the Eye". Skeptical Inquirer, 2018, Vol. 42, pages 6–7, possibly available via WP:REREQ). - LuckyLouie (talk) 18:34, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

The article doesn't have a "possible explanations" section yet. Do any reputable skeptical sources exist that have been published more recently? Most of those sources are old (around 2017 except for Robert Sheaffer which seems recent) or blatantly incorrect (Joe Nickell's article based on a grave misunderstanding). This incident has received most of it's coverage more recently so most of those articles don't mention it (only Sheaffer I think). Would be interesting given all the additional evidence that has emerged.--Gtoffoletto (talk) 15:41, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

1. What makes a WP:FRIND source “blatantly incorrect”?

2. ”Additional evidence” for what exactly?

3. What evidence?

- LuckyLouie (talk) 17:15, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

1. I am in contact with SI and Joe Nickell regarding a mistake that undermines his whole article. He mistook the pilot report as being made by Cmdr. Fravor while it was, in fact, clearly made by his female wingman. You can clearly see that yourself if you read his article and source with a basic knowledge of the events. I hope he will retract but it's a very old article. And in any case it's about another incident.

2/3. Additional evidence such as congressional hearings, additional witnesses, etc. that UAPs have been sighted multiple times and nobody knows what they are.

I am guessing from your answer we don't have many recent skeptical RS? --Gtoffoletto (talk) 01:59, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

[4] The user is now inserting things into quotes that are not found in the source. jps (talk) 11:47, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

ජපස, from the article history, you seem to be challenging "shows an object zooming over the ocean waves as pilots question what they are watching.", quoted and attributed to NYT, as "failed verification", but it's verbatim from the third paragraph in the NYT source. I'm confused why you feel it fails verification? Schazjmd (talk) 15:57, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

Dunno which part of the quote is being questioned, maybe jps can clarify details. However, I note the general trend of Gtoffoletto's editorial work in these articles is to quote and highlight material that supports credulous interpretations and ignores mundane explanations. For example, when describing the video, a quote is selected asserting it shows an "object" that pilots are "watching". For some reason this quote alone is attributed to the New York times — as if the Times endorses only that point of view. As I mentioned above, these NAVY UFO sighting articles desperately need critical context added to counter the sensational narrative that "To The Stars" has been pushing. - LuckyLouie (talk) 16:55, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

LuckyLouie, I noticed you added some less credulous quotes to balance it out, that's helpful. Schazjmd (talk) 17:07, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

Thanks, I was going to clean up a bunch of other sensational text, e.g. "A pilot refers to a fleet of objects, but no imagery of a fleet was released" (OMG! RELEASE THE TAPES!), but jps beat me to it [5]. - LuckyLouie (talk) 18:07, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

Perhaps an object lesson? If I write:

Person A said, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet."

And then you edit it to say

Person A said, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. According to Person A, "consectetur adipiscing elit.""

We obviously have problems.

jps (talk) 18:14, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

ජපස, if I saw that, I'd fix the missing quotation marks to show: Person A said, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet." According to Person A, "consectetur adipiscing elit." Schazjmd (talk) 18:24, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

Wait, so you're saying your claim that "user is now inserting things into quotes that are not found in the source" is based on an obvious typo where quotation marks weren't closed properly? That's it? Schazjmd (talk) 18:28, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

It's, apparently, not an obvious "typo" as the user continued to reinsert it despite being told about it. The user does not understand the issue and there is no reason that I should have to clean up for such incompetence when competence is required. jps (talk) 18:30, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

There are four quotation marks in the sentence you dispute so your example is incorrect. There are absolutely NO typos. Simply reading it properly would have cleared things up. See the edit you dispute:[6]

I'll report the actual text once again hoping to put this to rest with direct quotes from source highlighted (everything else is NOT a direct quote):

The New York Times said the footage showed "an object tilting like a spinning top moving against the wind". A pilot refers to a fleet of objects, but no imagery of a fleet was released. The second video was taken a few weeks later and according to the New York times "shows an object zooming over the ocean waves as pilots question what they are watching."

Four quotation marks. Two sentences directly attributed since you were challenging their factuality. Seems pretty black and white to me. What has not been highlighted is not attributed verbatim to the NYT as it is not within quotes although a part of it is actually identical to text in that article. Much Ado About Nothing --Gtoffoletto (talk) 01:08, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

P.s. people are dying all around me and you and here we are fighting over quotation marks of parts of an article that doesn't even exist anymore. Makes me terribly sad. See you all on the edit page. Be safe. --Gtoffoletto (talk) 01:25, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Just reverted another set of edits as WP:POVPUSH: [7]. Should we ask for a topic ban yet? jps (talk) 11:56, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

And a second time. It's like two steps forward, one step back here. jps (talk) 15:32, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Not sure what got you into such an irrational an combative mode against me. But I welcome any editor to participate to the discussion with constructive criticism. You are failing miserably to provide a coherent explanation of your multi-edit revert of my work at the moment.--Gtoffoletto (talk) 20:19, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Chinese zodiac signs

• Snake (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Rabbit (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Dragon (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Dog (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Rat (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Tiger (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Horse (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Ox (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Monkey (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Goat (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Pig (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Rooster (zodiac) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

For some reason, somebody added a section "People born in Year of the *" to all of these. And now an IP is adding lots of links to those. I don't think Wikipedia should do this. Any thoughts?

Since all the articles on astrological signs, Chinese, Indian or Western, are edited frequently in a similar fashion, maybe they should be semi-protected indefinitely? --Hob Gadling (talk) 11:15, 14 March 2020 (UTC)

Hardly anybody seems to be interested, but there is a RfC on the subject in Talk:Rat (zodiac). --Hob Gadling (talk) 04:25, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Past life regression

Past life regression (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

IP infestation and WP:SPA infestation; advertisements and WP:PROFRINGE. --Hob Gadling (talk) 16:53, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

Talk:Adam's Bridge

A recent flood of messages about the name of the feature seems to have been solicited from somewhere. These aren't requests in any sense of the word but accusations that the article name is Christian propaganda or anti-Hindu discrimination. The article is semi-protected so most of the disruption is on the talk page but extra eyes would still be appreciated. Thanks in advance. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 19:00, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

A look through the article’s talk page archives shows that this dispute is a perennial one... going back to at least 2012. Every other thread seems to be a request to move the title, and there have been multiple RMs.

Unfortunately, the only thing we can do is (once again) point editors to the previous move discussions (A full list is pinned at the top of the article’s talk page), and (once again) reject the move request. Blueboar (talk) 20:37, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

Engdahl and Genetic pollution

Genetic_pollution#Controversy has more than I suspect is due weight for some theories by Engdahl, especially as it doesn't seem to be balanced by rebuttals or alternate theories. Fresh eyes appreciated. ϢereSpielChequers 22:45, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

RfC on race and intelligence

Is the claim that there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines a fringe viewpoint? NightHeron (talk) 23:43, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

This would mean, in particular, that sources by Jensen, Rushton, Lynn, Piffer, and Gottfredson are fringe, and statements expressing some degree of agreement with the claim that certain races are genetically inferior to others in intelligence, even if made by someone whose writings are RS for other matters, must also be treated in accordance with WP:FRINGE.

Discussion

• Yes as OP.

An IP editor who has persistently advocated for lending credence to white supremacist sources recently cited a 2010 discussion on WP:FTN to support their contention that such sources are not fringe. That discussion (see [8]), in which only 5 editors participated, ended with a weak consensus that research into race and intelligence is not fringe. What I'm asking for here is not a statement opposing all research into the topic, but rather a statement characterizing a specific conclusion as contrary to scientific consensus.

Moreover, a lot has changed since 2010. In recent years the internet has been used extensively to disseminate alt-right and extremist views, and there is much more awareness now of the need to resist this. For the most part, fringe views do not infest Wikipedia. An editor who persistently tries to use Wikipedia to promote creationism, Holocaust denialism, climate change denialism, or quack cures for COVID-19 will probably be stopped and blocked. However, some editors have successfully been promoting scientific racism and white supremacist views, notably at Race and intelligence (an article that gets over 1000 pageviews per day) and Talk:Race and intelligence. Attempts to stop this (at AfD, DRV, AE) have usually been unsuccessful.

In 2018, the Southern Poverty Law Center, one of the most respected non-profit organizations in the US that monitors hate groups and extremism, published an article criticizing Wikipedia for allowing the alt-right to advance a white supremacist agenda in certain articles. The SPLC specifically discussed the article Race and intelligence. Although some might think that we should not be influenced by off-wiki opinion, IMHO the SPLC criticism needs to be taken seriously. (It was partly off-wiki criticism that caused Wikipedia to make efforts to address gender imbalance among Wikipedia editors and among BLP articles.)

Sources:

Here are two recent (post-2010) books that discuss the fallacies of racist pseudoscience:

Angela Saini, Superior: The Return of Race Science, Beacon Press, 2019, ISBN 0807076910.

Jay Joseph, The Trouble with Twin Studies: A Reassessment of Twin Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Routledge Publishers, 2015, ISBN 9781138813069.

Here are two classic books that explain the fallacies and in some cases outright fraud in this type of scientific racism:

Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, Revised and expanded edition, W. W. Norton & Co., 1996, ISBN 0393039722.

Leon J. Kamin, The Science and Politics of I.Q., Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 1974, ISBN 0470455748.

From an article in American Psychologist, the journal of the American Psychological Association: The consensus among most scholars in fields such as evolutionary biology, anthropology and other disciplines is that racial distinctions fail on all 3 counts-- that is they are not genetically discrete, are not reliably measured, and are not scientifically meaningful.

From the largest professional organization of anthropologists:

The "American Anthropological Association Statement on `Race' and Intelligence"[9] (adopted December 1994) says: The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is deeply concerned by recent public discussions which imply that intelligence is biologically determined by race. Repeatedly challenged by scientists, nevertheless these ideas continue to be advanced. Such discussions distract public and scholarly attention from and diminish support for the collective challenge to ensure equal opportunities for all people, regardless of ethnicity or phenotypic variation. Earlier AAA resolutions against racism (1961, 1969, 1971, 1972) have spoken to this concern. Then in 1998 the AAA released an official position paper that expanded upon the 1994 statement.[10] They explained the background to this expanded statement as follows: As a result of public confusion about the meaning of "race," claims as to major biological differences among "races" continue to be advanced. Stemming from past AAA actions designed to address public misconceptions on race and intelligence, the need was apparent for a clear AAA statement on the biology and politics of race that would be educational and informational. Rather than wait for each spurious claim to be raised, the AAA Executive Board determined that the Association should prepare a statement for approval by the Association and elicit member input.

A similar statement was unanimously approved on 27 March 2019 by the Executive Committee of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.[11]

From the textbook Psychology: Themes and Variations by Wayne Weiten: In the first half of the 20th century, a strong current of racial and class prejudice was apparent in the US and Britain. This prejudice supported the idea that IQ tests measured innate ability and that "undesirable" groups scored poorly because of their genetic inferiority... However, heritability explanations for ethnic differences in IQ have a variety of flaws and weaknesses.

From the prestigious journal Nature: A 16 August 2017 editorial (vol. 548) titled "Against discrimination: Science cannot and should not be used to justify prejudice" said in part: Difference between groups may therefore provide sound scientific evidence. But it's also a blunt instrument of pseudoscience, and one used to justify actions and policies that condense claimed group differences into tools of prejudice and discrimination... This is not a new phenomenon. But the recent worldwide rise of populist politics is again empowering disturbing opinions about gender and racial differences that seek to misuse science to reduce the status of both groups and individuals in a systematic way. NightHeron (talk) 23:43, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

References

• Yes per the above. XOR'easter (talk) 00:28, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
• Yes. It's clear that this is at variance with the mainstream scientific consensus. —David Eppstein (talk) 00:53, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
• No At the risk of somebody inevitably yelling at me as being racist, there is a big difference between the above statements quoted from the American Anthropological Association and American Psychologist and the statement "genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines is a fringe viewpoint". In particular, the statement "deeply concerned by recent public discussions which imply that intelligence is biologically determined by race", claims the opposite connection; people trying to determine intelligence based on race (which obviously isn't true). On an individual level you can't say anything definitive about a person's IQ based on the groups they come from (there is a normal distribution for all groups, which allows for any IQ). However, there are measurable differences in IQ between groups when discussing statistical averages (the bell curves are different shapes, often have different means). Whether these differences are entirely due to environmental conditions, or whether there is a genetic component has not been solved definitively, largely due to the difficulty in genetically distinguishing 'race' anyway (as there is obviously significant overlap in genetics between groups); note that the statement from the American Psychologist says this as well. Sources are in agreement that there is no definitive proof of a genetic component of IQ between races, but that doesn't mean that there isn't legitimate discussion about it and legitimate research into that exact question. It is known that intelligence is heritable, and also it is known that subgroups of any population that are in any way genetically isolated have variation from other subgroups. Its unreasonable to assume that all sub-groups of a population will have identical levels of any inheritable trait. And it is unreasonable to say that is a fringe viewpoint. That all being said, it might be a fringe viewpoint to say "that there is definitive proof of certain races having higher IQ than others". That isn't what the RfC proposes though, so I have to disagree based on its vagueness. As written, the results of this RfC could be applied too broadly to censor discussion and coverage of legitimate research. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 00:57, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
• Yes And pseudoscience. Race (human categorization): Modern scholarship regards race as a social construct, an identity which is assigned based on rules made by society. While partially based on physical similarities within groups, race does not have an inherent physical or biological meaning --Hipal/Ronz (talk) 01:43, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

  Just about every government in the world uses race in their statistics. While race IS a social construct, social constructs can also have population averages. For example, it is commonly accurately stated that white incomes in the US are higher than black incomes. (Some or all of this difference is surely due to racism.) But the fact that it is possible to say "white incomes in the US are higher than black incomes" shows that socially-constructed categories can still have averages. Another case would be gender; also socially constructed, and yet it would also clearly be true to say that female-gendered people are more likely to be pregnant. MaximumIdeas (talk) 03:00, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

  No, the distinction woman vs man is biologically delineated, not socially constructed. Men don't get pregnant. There is no biological delineation between races, and the meaning of racial terms such as "black" varies in different countries and different historical periods. Some racial terms that are used in the US (such as Hispanic or Latino) are not even used internationally as racial designations. NightHeron (talk) 11:55, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

• Comment you are cutting a wide swath here, as was recently tried twice at WP:RSN. The spectrum of fringe theories might be useful reading ...there is an approximate demarcation between pseudoscience and questionable science, and they merit careful treatment. What exactly do you mean by these authors are fringe and treated in accordance with WP:FRINGE? Have you read the guideline: The governing policies regarding fringe theories are the three core content policies, Neutral point of view, No original research, and Verifiability. Jointly these say that articles should not contain any novel analysis or synthesis, that material likely to be challenged needs a reliable source, and that all majority and significant-minority views published in reliable sources should be represented fairly and proportionately. Should any inconsistency arise between this guideline and the content policies, the policies take precedence. By all means, treat your article in accordance with WP:FRINGE, but that guideline does not support what you seem to be trying here. fiveby (talk) 02:06, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

  To clarify, "treated in accordance with WP:FRINGE" means avoiding FALSEBALANCE. As explained in WP:FRINGE: When discussing topics that reliable sources say are pseudoscientific or fringe theories, editors should be careful not to present the pseudoscientific fringe views alongside the scientific or academic consensus as though they are opposing but still equal views. NightHeron (talk) 02:19, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

  NightHeron, People will inevitably point to this RfC to say that discussing race in relation to intelligence or IQ is pseudoscience or 'banned'. That simply isn't empirically accurate. I understand what you are trying to do here, and I support it in principle, but the wording used above is far too vague and will be abused. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 02:41, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

  Insertcleverphrasehere: If they just look at my opening statement, they'll read: What I'm asking for here is not a statement opposing all research into the topic, but rather a statement characterizing a specific conclusion as contrary to scientific consensus. Notice that I emphasized not. Avoiding false balance is not the same thing as banning something. NightHeron (talk) 03:03, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

  NightHeron you have a good argument for false balance in that article, but are maybe approaching it the wrong way? The excessive detail and presentation read as if WP is making a case for a viewpoint, rather than describing it. A blanket labeling as pseudoscience would be difficult to support, but it's a no-brainer this is questionable science, which should be handled with care according to the guideline. Tighter summaries and leaving detail to the child articles would probably help, more of an overview of the subject and let the reader follow links if they like. So yeah, treat as questionable science per WP:FRINGE. fiveby (talk) 03:49, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

  Insertcleverphrasehere, I am sorry about the length, which I realize comes close to WP:WALLOFTEXT. But I felt that I had to include many sources in order to show that consensus regards racial supremacist claims as pseudoscience. Those claims are not merely questionable science. They rest on a sequence of assumptions. Perhaps the notion that whatever IQ measures should be labeled by the loaded term intelligence is questionable but not pseudo. However, some of the other assumptions -- that races are biologically delineated, that a gene for intelligence will someday be found, that there's any reason at all to think that when such genes are (hypothetically) found it will turn out that Africans and African Americans have fewer of them -- are definitely pseudoscience. NightHeron (talk) 11:37, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

  Well, there is a good policy-based argument for cleaning up that article, if you want to ignore that and continue with these broad and simplistic assertions you probably won't make any headway. Take the accusations of promoting "scientific racism" and "white supremacy" to WP:AE or WP:ANI, they are not appropriate here and certainly not appropriate for an RFC. If you want to say all these authors are engaged in pseudoscience then provide proof. I assume they have submitted to peer review and are published, have critics and supporters within the scientific community. Not one of your sources above supports the label of pseudoscience, and WP editors are not qualified to make such broad generalizations. You are going down the same path that has made that such a crappy article, engaging in the debate rather than simply describing it. fiveby (talk) 13:19, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

  NightHeron, the statement "a statement characterizing a specific conclusion as contrary to scientific consensus." Is a horrifying precedent. You are specifically trying to shut down sources that have a specific viewpoint, regardless of where they are from, or where they are published. If something is published in a reputable journal, as many of the sources posted by others here have, then there simply isn't fringe. Forget what I said about supporting you in principle. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 19:47, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

Don't worry, I don't have to "forget" your "support in principle". I realized from the beginning that I never had it -- as soon as you started your "no" vote rationale by "At the risk of somebody inevitably yelling at me as being racist," which of course nobody did, and then ended it by accusing me of wanting to "censor discussion," which is not what WP:FRINGE does. Such self-dramatization and accusations do not contribute to rational discussion.

No one is advocating censorship, so please stop throwing that word at me. For example, Wikipedia regards climate change denialism as contrary to scientific consensus, that is, as fringe. That does not mean censoring it; it just means referring to it as what it is, in other words, avoiding FALSEBALANCE. Climate change denialism has sometimes appeared in reputable journals, even in recent years. That doesn't mean it's not fringe.

You're reacting to this RfC in an extreme way -- a horrifying precedent (your emphasis) -- and are again accusing me of censorship (trying to shut down sources). That's nonsense.

I won't repeat what I've said elsewhere about the different logical leaps involved in reaching the conclusion that some races are genetically endowed with less intelligence than other races. That POV has been condemned by the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, the American Anthropological Association, an editorial in Nature, and elsewhere.

Rejecting this RfC in practice would mean that we'll continue to see a FALSEBALANCE on scientific racism in certain articles, and it will be difficult if not impossible to change that through routine editing. For Wikipedia to allow its articles, including ones that have over 1000 pageviews/day, to be used to effectively promote fringe views on race -- treating them as if they were mainstream -- is shocking to many people both on and off wiki, not just the Southern Poverty Law Center, which specifically monitors for alt-right disinformation. NightHeron (talk) 21:45, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, No offence meant, but I don't see a false balance here. The article in question isn't overrun with white nationalist sources or anything. The sources that others have cited in this discussion make it clear that this is still an avenue of legitimate discussion and that the scientific community currently is divided on what factors play a role in the observed differences between populations (environment vs genetic). This is an open question, and a messy one with a lot of conflicting research and data; muddied further by the definition of race vs clade vs population etc.. Trying to call all research that comes to a certain conclusion that you personally don't like 'fringe', even if published in a reputable source, is simply a violation of NPOV. The fact that you WP:JUSTDONTLIKEIT is a separate issue entirely. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 00:18, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

• No. While OP mentions books criticizing scientific racism, which we all agree is bad, there is no evidence presented here that all five authors in particular are WP:FRINGE or that they practice scientific racism. That they have recently been published in RS sources is evidence otherwise. In general, we also must hold a particularly high standard for declaring individual persons -- and especially academics -- WP:FRINGE. Additionally: the definition of scientific racism, per Wikipedia, is using science in order "to support or justify racism (racial discrimination), racial inferiority, or racial superiority". We can all perhaps agree that the data is clear that different groups differ on average in certain traits such as height and medical predisposition. But we all know that to say that empirically one group is taller does NOT therefore mean they are superior. We should know, also, that to say one group has a higher IQ does NOT mean they are superior. And clearly, to say some groups are more likely to have "sickle cells" which both help prevent malaria but also increase the risk of other conditions does NOT mean that group is superior or inferior. When a scientist comes to any of the previously-stated empirical conclusions, one reaction may be to assume they came to such conclusions in order to make some races seem inferior/superior (scientific racism); but another possible assumption is that they are stating it because they are RS-published scientists and found this to be the true distribution. Therefore, the kind of evidence that would convince me that any of the 5 above-condemned authors are WP:FRINGE would be statements from them along the ugly lines of what we see from neo-Nazis and racial supremacists in general, who are absolutely fringe. But simply publishing data in RS sources (however heated and uncomfortable the subject) does not make all of a person's work inherently fringe. Further, I'd note that many academics know this, and therefore there is still an ongoing lively discussion about this topic in the academic literature: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C39&as_ylo=2016&q=race+and+iq&btnG= MaximumIdeas (talk) 03:00, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
  • A Google Scholar search is going to turn up "lively discussion" in garbage journals and even non-peer-reviewed material. It's not a particularly helpful indicator in circumstances like these. XOR'easter (talk) 16:12, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
• Comment I have problem with both sides, some say (for example) blacks are not as good at maths because its "white maths" (this is not being less intelligent, rather the mind works differently (apparently). Yet others say that saying blacks are not as good at maths might be (or is a sign off) racism. Yet both statements are coming from black spokes people. Thus whilst the claim that whites or more intelgent thre may be a case for "different" intelligence.Slatersteven (talk) 16:26, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
• Yes. The claim that racial lines are genetic is fringe. Full stop. Race is a sociological construct. jps (talk) 16:31, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
• Yes. Fringe, but not necessarily "pseudoscience", which is a different, stronger claim. Although some of it is clearly also that. ApLundell (talk) 03:29, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
• Yes per sources listed above by the nom (and some of it is also pseudoscience). Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 06:28, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
• Yes for reasons already stated. I am strongly opposed to no-platforming but even more opposed to pseudo-science. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 12:19, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
• No OP is right to want to find and label pseudo-scientific alt right views as Fringe. However, I worry that we might be missing the target by considering genetic differences in intelligence between races as fringe. A fringe theory must significantly depart from mainstream scientific views, yet the possibility of racial differences in intelligence is taken seriously by maisntream scholars. Take Oxford geneticist David Reich for example. In his book Who We Are and How We Got Here, David discusses how genetic variants affecting cognitive and behavioural traits are found to differ in human populations, even aligning to the social construct that is race. He makes a similar argument in a piece for the New York Times, a newspaper not known for its support of fringe extreme right theories. More broadly than anecdotes of respected mainstream scholars, there is empirical evidence that the scientific consensus takes the issue of race and intelligence seriously. In this paper the authors sent a survey to scientists who published at least one paper in journal covering cognitive ability between 2010 and 2013. 85% of responders were psychologists and only 13% were right wing. Despite this only 15% of the experts though that black-white differences in intelligence were entirely caused by environmental factors. Given that so many mainstream scientists believe taking this racial differences seriously, let alone believe it, suggests the topic cannot be considered fringe. Hayeksplosive (talk) 13:43, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  — Hayeksplosive (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic.

• No to overbroad RfC It's unpopular, but some of these folks are being published by university presses and in well-regarded journals. That means the academic community is still willing to listen, which almost has to mean it's not fringe. That said, a lot of these folks are fringe-NR, certainly. I think we have to argue these on a case-by-case basis. --valereee (talk) 13:02, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  ETA: ended with a weak consensus that research into race and intelligence is not fringe. What I'm asking for here is not a statement opposing all research into the topic, but rather a statement characterizing a specific conclusion as contrary to scientific consensus. This makes me very uncomfortable because it seems to be saying we'll report on research, but only if it says what we think it should say. If someone's research goes counter to our beliefs, we declare it to be fringe. --valereee (talk) 13:25, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  Valereee, I'd like to try to change your mind through bludgeoning and guilt-tripping reasoned discussion. What would you need to see to be convinced that "genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines" is fringe? For example, you wrote, "some of these folks are being published ... That means the academic community is still willing to listen, which almost has to mean it's not fringe". What if I showed you that some of these folks...

  1. Were being published but are no longer being published
  2. Were published, but since then responses and critiques have been published, which describe the original published work as pseudoscience, fringe, not accepted by the scientific community, etc.
  3. Were published, but have since been kicked off of the editorial boards of journals, lost academic positions, or otherwise become pariahs in the scientific community, as a result of what they were publishing
  4. Are still being published, but admit in their own published works that their work is not accepted by the scientific community
  5. Are still being published, but only as an example of scholarship that is pseudoscience, fringe, or otherwise not accepted by the scientific community

  I don't want to snow you with examples. Would any of the above change your mind? Please reply "YES" for more or "STOP" to end these messages. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 18:35, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  Levivich, hahaha. It's not that I think that in general this is reasonable stuff. It's ugly shit and I find it repugnant. But, for instance, Gottfredson on intelligence has been published recently. She apparently is not considered a complete loon by other academics. The key here is some of these people, which is why I think we need to address these case-by-case. --valereee (talk) 18:50, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  @Valereee: I agree with case-by-case, I just think that the particular cases noted in this RFC are backed by sources. For example, although Gottfredson is published, she's not well-cited, and I think there are plenty of sources (which are cited more often) that consider her a loon (or similar). I put some of them at #Gottfredson below. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 21:54, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  Levivich, I totally get it. I feel like if academics are arguing against something rather than simply ignoring it, we should be covering it. --valereee (talk) 22:33, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

• No There are two parts to this. The first is understanding why this RfC was filed. A couple of highly motivated editors over at the Race and Intelligence page have been pursuing various legal strategies to win their case. As I explained to an admin recently (Barkeep49), these so far have included: 1) try to delete the sources to the hereditarian viewpoint one at a time citing seemingly randomly chosen or made up justifications, 2) try to get the entire page deleted, 3) try to get the opposing editors blocked or banned, and 4) try to rename the article in violation of WP:NPOV. Their efforts at moves (1) and (2) both seems to have failed. So far with (3), Peregrine_Fisher was indef topic banned, and Oldstone James have been blocked (I think one year). User NightHeron (sorry, this was false, it was Dlthewave) filed a motion against Jweiss11, but it closed with a warning to both filer and accused. With two active editors removed, and one warned, they can continue their work on (1) and (4) with less resistance. As it happens, (2) succeeded and the page was deleted (this is the 4th time this attempt was tried!), but it was then restored after 3 uninvolved admins took part in a deletion review and overruled the deletion. The attempt to rename the article contrary to WP:NPOV was closed as no consensus. So, this RfC is now the 5th such legalistic attempt. While I cannot say exactly what the motivation is of these editors, they are very opposed to Wikipedia summarizing the academic literature on this topic. They would much prefer if Wikipedia did not mentioned the academic literature and instead provided summaries of journalists such as Angela Saini. I am not saying, of course, one cannot find academics with similar opinions, but such opinions are uncommon among the experts, i.e. intelligence researchers.
  This brings me to the second point. There is a wealth of reliable academic sources about what experts think of this topic. Every mainstream statement and textbook on the topic states that there is no consensus about the cause of these population (race, ethnic) differences in intelligence (IQ scores, achievement, aptitude, skills and so on). These sources have been posted many times on the talk page, see e.g. talk page on this proposal to insert a section they removed recently (no consensus was there for the removal, it was implemented by edit warring). Not only are these many textbooks, there is a recent anonymous survey of researchers in the field. This is similar to those carried out in climate science, which has a similar politically related controversy about expert opinion, which Wikipedia covers here. This survey, published in high ranking Elsevier journal by senior academics (Rindermann et al 2020), found no support for the supposed consensus that NightHeron and friends speak about, and which sources like Saini claim there is. Thus, just as the authors say, and has been noted for decades, there is a strong media in who voices their opinion publicly, such that public opinion in newspapers and the like is often saying there is a consensus against genetic causation, but the actual academic literature shows no such consensus. For instance, just a month ago or so, three professors published a new review about the genetic hypothesis in another Elsevier journal (Winegard et al 2020). Wikipedia must follow what high quality sources say. No amount of arguing about whether something is racist or not on page talks can overrule what reliable sources say. This should be clear when recently admin Barkeep49 made a rule that this page now only allows extra high quality sources, academic, not journalistic ones. I welcome such increased strictness as it will make it easier to avoid these useless debates, and focus on what matters: building an encyclopedia, not waging some political war of information. With that said, I hope editors here will see what the situation is so we can return to good work. This article is a bit out of date, there are many newer sources that can be used. ^_^ AndewNguyen (talk) 13:18, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  AndewNguyen (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. [Added by Levivich]

  I object to this kind of attempt at undermining the opinions of others by falsely claiming they have made few other edits. I looked up my edit history now, and it turns out I have edited almost 200 pages! Almost all of them are related to my home country of Norway, improving various stubs. I suggest Levivich focus on the case at hand instead of personal attacks. Very rude! --AndewNguyen (talk) 05:49, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

  There's one detail that AndewNguyen is leaving out here. When presented with sources such as the two linked above, the argument that NightHeron and others have repeatedly made is that none of these sources are reliable. In this discussion and this one, it was (unsuccessfully) argued that all sources presenting the the hereditarian viewpoint are inherently unreliable, even when they are published by respectable academic publishers such as Cambridge University Press or journals published by the American Psychological Association.

  NightHeron has continued to make this argument even after the RS noticeboard had reached a consensus opposing him. One of the sources discussed at RSN was a college-level textbook by Earl B. Hunt from Cambridge University Press, and NightHeron argued that when this source gives credence to the hereditarian view, "his textbook is not RS for this statement, although it is for other things."

  Now, in this discussion, the argument being made is that the hereditarian viewpoint should be categorized as "fringe" because the majority of reliable sources are opposed to it. Well, you can certainly make it appear that way if you declare (as NightHeron has done) that all sources presenting the viewpoint are by definition unreliable. But if I wanted to, I could try to categorize almost any viewpoint as "fringe" by using this type of circular logic. I doubt this trick would work in most other topics at Wikipedia, but some people seem to get especially emotional about this particular topic, so we'll see whether it works in this case. 2600:1004:B161:9F7C:8C8F:421E:CE7:4052 (talk) 13:58, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

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• With the arrival here of two of the most persistent defenders of white supremacist sources on Race and intelligence, I see that we are entering the WP:WALLOFTEXT phase of the discussion. But I will try to be brief, answering only the false accusations against me. First, I did not propose that Wikipedia stop covering white supremacist claims. I do not support censorship; I am opposed to it. Following WP:FRINGE does not mean censoring or banning anything. It means calling it what it is. Second, AndewNguyen falsely states that I filed a motion against Jweiss11. I did not file a motion at WP:AE or anywhere else against Jweiss11 or any of the other editors of that page. As someone who's been editing for less than 2 years, I leave it up to experienced editors to deal with misconduct by the alt-right or anyone else. NightHeron (talk) 14:49, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

Sorry, minor mix up with you and Dlthewave, a similar user on the same page. I also mistakenly linked to the wrong archive. It is this one. This error has not much to do with the content in the comment. AndewNguyen (talk) 06:00, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

• Yes. It is well known that racial categories don't have genetic basis. To claim otherwise is fringe. To then attempt to build more theories on top of that flawed assumption is also fringe. - MrOllie (talk) 13:35, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  Were you aware that Wikipedia has an entire article, Race and genetics, about the correlation between racial categories and genetic variation? 2600:1004:B161:9F7C:8C8F:421E:CE7:4052 (talk) 14:11, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  I'm aware that Wikipedia has a number of fringe articles, yes. But the existence of other crappy articles does not mean that we can't fix the crappy article at hand. - MrOllie (talk) 17:36, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  Have you looked at the sources for that article? One of the major sources to cover this correlation is a special issue of the journal Nature Genetics devoted to the topic, including no less an authority than Francis Collins, the director of the Human Genome Project. Here is how Collins summarized the special issue's conclusions:

Well-intentioned statements over the past few years, some coming from geneticists, might lead one to believe there is no connection whatsoever between self-identified race or ethnicity and the frequency of particular genetic variants. Increasing scientific evidence, however, indicates that genetic variation can be used to make a reasonably accurate prediction of geographic origins of an individual, at least if that individual's grandparents all came from the same part of the world. As those ancestral origins in many cases have a correlation, albeit often imprecise, with self-identified race or ethnicity, it is not strictly true that race or ethnicity has no biological connection. It must be emphasized, however, that the connection is generally quite blurry because of multiple other nongenetic connotations of race, the lack of defined boundaries between populations and the fact that many individuals have ancestors from multiple regions of the world.

With respect to human genetics, Francis Collins is about as non-fringe as it's possible to get. Your comments are a perfect example of the problem with determining the answer to a project-wide NPOV question in a RFC. Unlike the earlier discussion in 2010, in which all of the participants had some level of familiarity with the topic, it's clear that the decision in this case is generally being made by people who haven't looked at the source literature, except perhaps for those sources cherry-picked by NightHeron to support his position in his opening statement. How can a random selection of users who haven't read any of this literature be an accurate judge of what is or isn't fringe or NPOV? 2600:1004:B14B:E50A:B880:292B:8DEF:3B45 (talk) 19:51, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

It's quite amazing that you can take that extremely qualified quote, which goes to great pains to explain that any connection is 'blurry' and 'imprecise', as in any way supporting the contention that race and intelligence might have something to do with each other. Your assertion that anyone who disagrees with you is ignorant is noted, but unpersuasive. - MrOllie (talk) 20:55, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

In your previous comment, you claimed that Wikipedia's race and genetics article is a "fringe article". I brought up the Nature genetics special issue for the purpose of pointing out what a bizarre statement from you that was, not because the Nature genetics special issue has anything to do with intelligence. (It doesn't, it's only about race and genetics.) Would you like me to list some sources about race and intelligence specifically? 2600:1004:B14B:E50A:B880:292B:8DEF:3B45 (talk) 21:39, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

• No There is widespread agreement among psychologists who do intelligence research that there are average differences between groups in intelligence. Sometimes they use "race," sometimes "cline," sometimes "population." These are different names for the same thing: groups tend to genetically cluster in interesting ways reflecting their evolutionary lineage. Are the IQ gaps genetic? There is disagreement about this. Disagreement drives science forward. But to label one side of a scientific disagreement "fringe" is a way of attempting to discredit it. As David Reich and Jim Flynn have argued, it is an empirical question whether the distribution of genes that influence intelligence is evenly distributed across all human populations. Only scientific investigation can settle that issue, not Wikipedians deeming one point of view offensive or "fringe." DoctorOfBiology (talk) 15:34, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

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• No A recent anonymous survey of experts on intelligence (members of the International Society for Intelligence Research and authors of papers in journals like Intelligence and Cognitive Psychology) found that only 14% think genes play no role in the Black-White IQ gap in the US (Rindermann et al., "Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence," Intelligence, 2020, vol. 78, Figure 3). Even if the environmentalists are right, it's clear that this is an open debate among mainstream scientists. Pangolin2019 (talk) 15:30, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

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• Yes per OP. Editors have repeatedly cited a certain RSN discussion as proof that hereditarian works by Hunt and Rindermann are reliable sources because they are published by a reliable publisher, however that same discussion concluded that they are also fringe: "... The discussion indicated that there is a lack of sources supporting or opposing the notion that the views in these books are fringe, though when a viewpoint does not have wide support, we do treat it as fringe, and do not give it undue weight. That is, we can give the views of Rindermann and Hunt, sourced to their books published by the Cambridge University Press, but take care not to promote their views as widely accepted unless/until sources can be found which indicate their views are widely accepted." –dlthewave ☎ 15:41, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
• No There is no convincing argument for describing the hypothesis that genes contribute to racial differences in intelligence as a "fringe viewpoint". This hypothesis has been discussed in many mainstream sources, including both scholarly books and scientific journals. A viewpoint should not be labelled "fringe" just because it is politically controversial. Mr Butterbur (talk) 17:03, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

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• Yes. The idea that race (whatever that is supposed to mean) is determinant of intelligence (however that might be defined or measured) is fringe. This is not about whether intelligence has a genetic component, but whether the genetic component correlates with so-called "race". Guy (help!) 18:06, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
• Yes. The scientific literature is clear on this - the idea that race and intelligence are genetically linked is a fringe theory. Yes, there are scholars who support this idea, but they are a tiny minority outside the mainstream of scientific thought - hence, fringe. I am concerned that at least two of the No votes in this RfC are by users who seem to have created accounts just to comment on this RfC - specifically, Hayeksplosive (who has 2 total edits, 1 here) and Pangolin2019 (who has 1 total edit, 1 here). It is possible that both of these users are IP users who have been avidly following the discussions on this topic and decided to create accounts just to comment here, but it seems more likely that they have joined us here as a result of off-wiki canvassing or even sockpuppetry. If it is the former, I apologize. But if it is the latter, it is concerning, especially when the RfC is on a topic of such high importance to Wikipedia's credibility and neutrality on scientific issues. Ganesha811 (talk) 18:52, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

• Ganesha811 - I am an academic and have published on this topic in mainstream journals. This is the first time I've contributed to Wikipedia. Frankly, it's disappointing to see how politicized the process is. A substantial number--if not the majority--of the relevant experts are to some degree hereditarians about race differences in intelligence. Wikipedia should cover this controversy neutrally. Pangolin2019 (talk) 09:50, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

• • Agreed about these SPA accounts. I have opened an SPI[12] as I think this is sock puppetry. -- Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 21:20, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
    • To note, the SPI closing admin found the accounts were unrelated. Hence, this is in line with the continued Wikilawyering behavior to remove opposing editors (recall, 2 blocked already). I am not familiar with User:Sprayitchyo, seems like 50% of accounts suspected to be his over time were other people according to closing admins. --AndewNguyen (talk) 17:14, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
      • SPI exists so that potential sockpuppets can be investigated; it's an aspersion to call it "Wikilawyering behavior to remove opposing editors". --K.e.coffman (talk) 18:09, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
• Depends on what you mean - If you mean that certain races are inherently intellectually superior or inferior then yes. If you mean that there may be measurable differences in average intelligence, especially as it is influenced by environmental factors that are themselves correlated with race, then probably no. If you mean that different races achieve disparate scores on standardized IQ testing, then uncontroversially no. That has been probably the single biggest historical criticism of the validity of the tests. GMG^talk 19:06, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  +1 How can we talk about the tests if we can't talk about the research? --valereee (talk) 19:57, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  We can talk about it, it's just that we should tell our reader that it's fringe (or at least that it's a minority viewpoint considered fringe by many and even pseudoscience in certain extreme cases). Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 22:27, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  GreenMeansGo, at least some of the controversy stems from the fact that the tests are measuring the effects of teaching as much as native intelligence, and there is a mountain of research showing racial bias in educaiton. Guy (help!) 22:23, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

  @JzG: The problem is...complicated. The most accessible introduction I've found is this series by Radiolab, which also happens to be very well researched and very well produced. If you're looking for something to listen to in the gym, I recommend it.

The tests themselves are often normalized using biased samples. The tests...you know what...there's a lot that's wrong with the tests that can't be condensed into a noticeboard comment. The core problem is reification, and confusing whether we're talking about intelligence in the abstract, or some particular measure of it. The measures are bad, the concept in the abstract is fuzzy at best. But it's too complicated to stamp a "pseudoscience™" on it if our mission is to actually educate our readers with any semblance of nuance. GMG^talk 23:17, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

GreenMeansGo, yes, I agree with all that. But it doesn't have to be pseudoscience to be fringe. Actually I view this more as tooth fairy science than actual pseudoscience, except where practised by provable racists. Guy (help!) 07:49, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

@JzG: By the by, The Mismeasure of Man is stand-out as far as long form works on the subject, for anyone who's building a coronavirus reading list. At any rate, some of the topic is fringe, some of it is not, and some of it is just historical, in a way that was taken academically seriously at the time but is now just an interesting relic, in the same way as geocentrism.

For people working to combat the effects of racial disparity, these measures can be tremendously important. Most folks don't get all excited about that stuff, because it doesn't really lead to alternative histories about Hitler, but more to things like the impacts of exposure to industrial toxins in early childhood, access to proper nutrition, and all the accouterments of intergenerational poverty.

Having said that, just like your morbidly obese coworker who shoves the fifth candy bar in their face while telling you about that one study that found chocolate can actually help you lose weight, there is a whole cadre of people who are delighted to tout bad science and misinterpret good science to bolster whatever dark alleys their intuition has already led them into. But I am also keenly aware that Wikipedia is wont to adopt an equally oversimplified reactionary stance: bad bad bad, pseudoscience, nonsense, and now we're ready for our GA review. But then I've rarely found any subject where "moar nuance" is not my preferred option, so I guess you can take my own opinion for whatever it's worth. GMG^talk 11:43, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

GreenMeansGo, thanks much! Guy (help!) 14:09, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

The problem with "more nuance" on this matter is that if Wikipedia allows positive non-fringe coverage of scientific racism --- just as if WP were to allow positive coverage of quack cures --- that does concrete harm, because so many people rely on Wikipedia for information. This is not the case for all fringe viewpoints -- there'd probably be little damage done if there were an article with over 1000 pageviews/day that gave credence to claims of extraterrestrial abductions. Note that the editorial in Nature condemning scientific racism was in response to the violent Unite the Right rally that had occurred 4 days earlier in Charlottesville in the US.

I tried to word this RfC in a precise way, focusing only on the specific claim that some races are genetically inferior to others in intelligence, which is a fringe view. I'm not asking for anything more sweeping than that, and I don't see how that can be characterized as "oversimplified" or "reactionary." NightHeron (talk) 15:27, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

• No as per AndrewNguyen, but would like to add that this topic has been willingly engaged by a number of obviously non-controversial scientists and academics, most of whom strongly disagree with the hereditarian hypothesis but are willing to engage in what they obviously see as a worthwhile debate. See James Flynn as an example (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235217300958). Mainstream research is constantly being conducted on population genetics, the heritability of IQ, and so on, but the findings from these fields are not even remotely fringe. See:

• Lee, J. J. et al. (2018). Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals. Nature genetics, 50(8), 1112-1121. - A study that identified genetic variants accounting for about 10% of the variation in cognitive ability.

• Huang, T., Shu, Y., & Cai, Y. D. (2015). Genetic differences among ethnic groups. BMC genomics, 16(1), 1093. - A study that identified genetic variants that differ between Caucasian, African, Asian, and Native American populations.

• Guo, J. et al. (2018). Global genetic differentiation of complex traits shaped by natural selection in humans. Nature communications, 9(1), 1-9. Identified genetic differentiation between human populations in several complex traits.

It's one thing to dispute the hereditarian hypotheses, but quite another to claim it's fringe. It's necessary for Wikipedia to actually engage with the research that's ongoing in all these areas, instead of making blanket statements about what ideas can or can't be presented. -Ferahgo the Assassin (talk) 00:41, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

None of those three is about race and intelligence. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 00:51, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

Actually, the third source (Guo et al.) does relate to this topic. One of the traits looked at in that study is educational attainment, which is the number of years of education a person has completed. The study found that human ethnic groups differ in the frequency of genetic variants associated with completing more years of education. While education attainment isn't quite the same thing as intelligence, the two traits are very strongly related to each other.

This study is a good indication of where the mainstream view in human genetics currently is. It hasn't yet gotten to the point of directly endorsing the hereditarian view about race and intelligence, but it is edging in that direction. 2600:1004:B117:F3CA:3174:A036:DA02:381C (talk) 01:14, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

Guo et al. is not at all about race and intelligence. It's about genetics and "complex traits", and "intelligence" is not one of the "complex traits". One of the complex traits was "educational attainment years", which Guo et al. describe as a "behavioral trait". This RfC is asking "Is the claim that there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines a fringe viewpoint?" Guo et al. do not claim or examine whether there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines, and thus this RFC would have zero impact on Guo et al. (or the other two studies cited above). The words "race," "intelligence", and "IQ", appear nowhere in Guo et al. Nobody is suggesting that the entire field of genetics is fringe; that's a straw man argument. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 02:29, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

In genetic terminology, a complex trait is one with many causes, also known as multifactorial or polygenic. Intelligence is a typical polygenic trait, as found in many studies. The fact that these traits have polygenic causation is so common that it has been labeled the 4th law of behavioral genetics by Chabris et al 2015. There's many papers like Guo that look for general signs of selection for polygenic traits and find some. Guo et al themselves find evidence of selection for educational attainment, a surrogate trait used for intelligence that correlates genetically 0.80 with it or so (read e.g. Lee et al 2018 GWAS). --AndewNguyen (talk) 05:40, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

While education attainment isn't quite the same thing as intelligence right, and ethnicity is not quite the same as race, and sloppy categorisation and slippery slopes bedevil this issue. Wikipedia should not be quoting sources on one subject and applying their conclusions to a potentially related subject. That is Synthesis. I know this is a meta discussion and not the article discussion but the same concerns apply. -- Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 08:29, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

@Sirfurboy: A large portion of the people voting that this is a "fringe" idea are basing the conclusion on arguments such as "The claim that racial lines are genetic is fringe. Full stop", or "It is well known that racial categories don't have genetic basis". When the "fringe" argument is based on statements like that, studies such as Huang et al. are relevant even though they don't directly discuss intelligence, because they show that blanket statements like these aren't accurate. The people making this argument are severely oversimplifying the issue.

Here is another way of saying this: if I were trying to prove that the hereditarian hypothesis is correct, the burden of proof would be on me, and I agree these studies would be insufficient to satisfy that burden. But when someone is trying to prove that it's a "fringe theory", the burden of proof is on them, and I think these sources demonstrate that the arguments being used to support that assertion aren't adequate to support it. Does that make sense? 2600:1004:B109:5FCD:F4DF:1F44:B1B4:C302 (talk) 09:37, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

No, it doesn't.

Of course, it is known that there are groups of people with common ancestry who share a higher vulnerability to certain ailments. Sometimes the group shares a socially constructed racial category, although far from all people in that category share the vulnerability. That has nothing to do with the truly extraordinary claim that (1) there are genes for intelligence, (2) those are unequally distributed to different races, with certain racial categories being inherently less intelligent than others, (3) IQ testing shows that blacks are the ones who are less intelligent. The burden of proof is not on those who say there is no scientific evidence for (1), (2), or (3) (let alone all three). The burden of proof is to find mainstream high-quality secondary sources that establish these three claims. We do not have to show that scientists have disproved (1), (2), and (3).

Here's an analogy. Consider the statement: Extraterrestrial aliens have kidnapped some humans and performed sexual experiments on them.

Can scientists disprove that statement? No.

Are there many people who believe that statement? Yes.

Is it nevertheless a fringe belief? Yes.

How about the statement that while there is no direct evidence of this kidnapping, we should prepare ourselves for the possibility that future investigations will provide direct evidence that extraterrestrial aliens have been kidnapping humans? Is that also fringe? Yes. NightHeron (talk) 14:03, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

• Yes an No The WP:FRINGE guideline should apply and would be useful in helping decide on content for that article. As JzG points out "it doesn't have to be pseudoscience to be fringe". There is no doubt there is much questionable science per the guideline, qualified critics have questioned not only conclusions but method and premises. There is also pseudoscience from some quarters: the quote from the editors of Nature: Difference between groups may therefore provide sound scientific evidence. But it's also a blunt instrument of pseudoscience... should give pause and highlight that care is needed. The vague nature of the proposal, and specifically the part about "statements expressing some degree of agreement" are confusing and do not really give any guidance on how editing of the article should change. Also, many of the sources and arguments presented in support and are making value judgements that are inappropriate for the question. I would point to this article written for a general audience by Eric Turkheimer, Paige Harden, and Richard E. Nisbett:

  We believe there is a fairly wide consensus among behavioral scientists in favor of our views, but there is undeniably a range of opinions in the scientific community. Some well-informed scientists hold views closer to Murray’s than to ours. And there are others who challenge views that we accept about the utility of the general concepts of intelligence and heritability...

  This is probably not a good source for the article, and somewhat off target as directed toward Murray and Harris, but I think all would agree these are qualified critics. The reason for including the quote is to highlight that WP should go no farther than those critics qualified to speak on the subject. Dlthewave has pointed to SilkTork's measured close at RSN. It is necessary for editors to evaluate works such as Mankind Quarterly, but when published in a respectable place, WP editors are not qualified to substitute their judgment for that of the editors of those works as to the scientific merit of any research, criticism, or support. fiveby(zero) 14:04, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

• No. I waited until now to vote because I wanted to see what sources other people were going to cite, so that I don't end up duplicating them. Still, it's useful to review them here. Here are some examples that others have given of sources that either argue in favor of the hereditarian hypothesis about race and intelligence, or argue that this hypotheses deserves to be taken seriously:

• Who We Are and How We Got Here (2018) by David Reich, along with the accompanying New York Times article
• Academic freedom and race: You ought not to believe what you think may be true (2018) by James Flynn
• Dodging Darwin: Race, evolution, and the hereditarian hypothesis (2020) By Winegard et al.
• Survey of expert opinion on intelligence: Intelligence research, experts' background, controversial issues, and the media (2020) by Rindermann et al.

The last source (Rindermann et al's survey) deserves special attention, because it relates directly to the question of what ideas in this area are or are not widely accepted. This was a survey conducted of researchers who had published papers in the journals Intelligence, Cognitive Psychology, Contemporary Educational Psychology, New Ideas in Psychology, and Learning and Individual Differences, and the survey includes a question about these researchers' views on the cause of racial IQ gaps. Here is how the paper summarized expert opinion on this matter:

There was no clear position among experts regarding environmental and genetic factors in the US Black-White difference in intelligence. However, experts attributed nearly half of the Black-White difference to genetic factors, with 51% attributing the difference to environmental factors and 49% to genetic factors. As shown in Fig. 3, 40% of the experts favored a more environmental perspective, 43% favored a more genetic perspective, and 17% of the experts assumed an equal influence of genes and environment (i.e., 50–50). Nevertheless, the mean preference among experts was slightly in favor of the environmental perspective (51% of the differences can be explained by environmental factors vs. 49% by genetic). This propensity can be attributed to 16% of experts favoring a 100% environmental explanation and 6% of experts favoring a 100% genetic explanation. Thus, the extreme “environmental” position was observed more frequently than the extreme “genetic” position.

Four other sources from the past decade that either argue for the hereditarian perspective, or argue that it deserves to be taken seriously, are Human Intelligence by Earl B. Hunt (Cambridge University Press, 2011), The Neuroscience of Intelligence by Richard Haier (Cambridge University Press, 2016), Cognitive Capitalism by Heiner Rindermann (Cambridge University Press, 2018), and Research on group differences in intelligence: A defense of free inquiry by Nathan Cofnas (published in the journal Philosophical Psychology, 2019). Hunt's book in particular is a standard textbook that has been positively reviewed in every academic journal that's reviewed it. Reviews and/or commentaries about this book can be found here, here, and here.

Many of the researchers who have argued for this and similar views, including Reich, Flynn, Haier, and Hunt, are highly prominent, uncontroversial figures within the fields of psychology and human genetics, and their views have been published by university presses and in prominent journals. Whether or not these views should be included in articles would ordinarily be a straightforward application of WP:RS and WP:NPOV, and this RFC should not be allowed to supersede those policies. 2600:1004:B162:4EE:51BB:C75C:498:D8A2 (talk) 22:48, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

Instead of responding to a wall of text with another wall of text, I'll just make two points. (1) Rindermann is described in his BLP as a frequent contributor to the white supremacist journal Mankind Quarterly. (The first sentence of the article Mankind Quarterly, supported by 3 sources, says: Mankind Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal that has been described as a "cornerstone of the scientific racism establishment", a "white supremacist journal", an "infamous racist journal", and "scientific racism's keepers of the flame".) (2) This IP-editor's paraphrasing of sources has been problematic on this talk page. What does the paraphrase "argue that this hypothesis deserves to be taken seriously" mean? The book I cited Superior: The Return of Race Science by Angela Saini argues that scientific racism deserves to be taken very, very seriously, because of its long history of being used to strengthen white supremacist violence and oppression. NightHeron (talk) 02:20, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Unless you can find a reliable source arguing that Rindermann himself is discredited, the fact that he's written papers for a low-quality journal isn't relevant to the reliability of his writings in respectable publications. The argument that this discredits everything else he's written, regardless of where it's published, is one of the arguments that was rejected by community consensus at the RS noticeboard. I know that you're aware of this. The argument is especially irrelevant in this case, because the paper I'm quoting isn't even Rindermann's own opinion; he and his two co-authors are simply reporting the views of other researchers who've published papers in cognitive psychology journals. Or are you suggesting that Rindermann and his co-authors might have actually falsified the results of the survey?

When I say that authors such as Reich, Haier and Flynn say that the hereditarian hypothesis deserves to be taken seriously, what I mean is that they think it has a non-negligible chance of eventually turning out to be true, and that researchers should take that possibility into account and investigate the hypothesis. The Flynn paper is online here, so you can read it for yourself. 2600:1004:B162:4EE:51BB:C75C:498:D8A2 (talk) 03:05, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

The fact that Rindemann has published extensively in the white supremacist journal Mankind Quarterly does mean that his writings on race and intelligence are discredited. It's well known that a biased investigator can hugely skew opinion surveys by biased sampling, biased phrasing of questions, biased interpretation of answers, etc.

This RfC does not ask for research on this topic to be declared fringe, as I pointed out at the beginning, but only asks that the specific POV that there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines be treated as fringe. It's irrelevant that some people think that research might be worthwhile and make speculations about what you term a "non-negligible" possibility that a certain fringe viewpoint may eventually be supported by evidence. Some people might speculate that we'll eventually uncover evidence that extraterrestrial travelers have visited the Earth. But the belief that such evidence exists is fringe. NightHeron (talk) 03:42, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Do you understand that at the RS noticeboard, the broader community has rejected this argument that all of Rindermann's writings on the topic are "discredited" due to him having published some papers in Mankind Quarterly? I can't tell whether you honestly don't understand this, or whether you're being deliberately disingenuous.

You're also misrepresenting the perspective that Flynn argues for in the paper I linked to. I'm not going to paraphrase the whole paper for you; you can click the link and read it yourself. 2600:1004:B162:4EE:51BB:C75C:498:D8A2 (talk) 04:37, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Your accusation that I'm "disingenuous" is a personal attack. Let's try to be rational. There were two RSN discussions, the second one initiated because of the low participation in the first. But the second one also did not have much participation, especially considering the importance of the topic. And the conclusion of the closing admin was long and ambiguous, for example: That is, we can give the views of Rindermann and Hunt, sourced to their books published by the Cambridge University Press, but take care not to promote their views as widely accepted unless/until sources can be found which indicate their views are widely accepted. That closing does not establish some sort of firm precedent, as you seem to believe, and it specifically did not take a position on whether or not Rindermann's and Hunt's views of race and intelligence are fringe.

You, not I, are misrepresenting the Flynn article. His abstract makes it crystal clear what the message of his article is. It's that research or speech on this subject should not be banned. Nothing in this RfC is about censorship. I specifically worded the RfC so that it would not say anything about whether or not it's a good idea for people to do research on race and intelligence, which is not something for Wikipedia editors to judge. NightHeron (talk) 15:31, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, I'm gonna have to side with IP on this one... Guilt by association is a tenuous argument. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 19:13, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

• Yes: not in line with the mainstream scientific consensus & creates the appearance of false balance. --K.e.coffman (talk) 00:23, 21 March 2020 (UTC)
• No - it's a minority position, and does not reflect the consensus of the field, but certainly isn't in principle fringe or pseudoscience. Flynn (yes, that Flynn) has a pretty good essay on the topic. Hölderlin2019 (talk) 02:00, 21 March 2020 (UTC)
• No: The implication of this RfC, whether unintended or not, is that, if it were to pass, it would result in editors cherry picking sources and synthesising a scientific conclusion that does not exist. It is original research to assert that all reliable sources that are neutral or support a possible or likely genetic contribution are fringe. The truth is because so many genes, in likely literally many many thousands of different combinations (that are a long way from being understood by geneticists), contribute to human intelligence that research in this area is a long way from any meaningful conclusion, never mind determining any racial differences. There is most certainly no scientific consensus in this topic area. To assert a scientific consensus by editors picking and choosing which academic conclusion is the WP:TRUTH is classic pseudoscience and POV pushing and violates our core policy of WP:NOR, more specifically it would violate WP:SYN.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 13:10, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

You are misunderstanding the RfC. It does not say that neutral sources are fringe, and it does not say that sources are fringe if they say that genetics can't answer questions about racial differences in intelligence. It says that the claim that there is evidence of genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines is fringe. Please respond to the actual RfC statement and not to a straw man. NightHeron (talk) 13:28, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

I did answer it. I just did not want to type up arguments that others above had already made nor write a monologue trying to address every possible argument. But to address the specific criticism you have raised: until such time genetic contribution to differences in racial intelligence is proven or disproven by geneticists academics who lean towards or away from a genetic contribution cannot be labelled as fringe. To be clear: if you are going to say academic opinion in RS that supports a genetic contribution as likely is fringe then to be neutral, per WP:NPOV, you should say that academic opinion in RS that there is no genetic contribution to racial differences is also fringe. The RfC is clearly trying to enforce one POV to be the truth over another, which is an abuse of sources and WP:SYN.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 14:19, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

No, there is scientific consensus that races are not genetically delineated. That scientific knowledge supports the view that it is highly unlikely that one race is genetically inferior to another in intelligence. That viewpoint is not fringe. But the viewpoint that there is evidence that one race is genetically inferior to another is fringe because what scientific knowledge exists on the subject of race does not support it. NightHeron (talk) 15:00, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

There is academic debate and sources are given by other editors above re. intelligence and race. There is also academic debate and in some areas consensus of racial differences in other areas of the brain, for example scientists have found white Caucasians to have higher levels of certain personality disorders and other mental illnesses such as major depression and some medical conditions, partly due to breeding with Neanderthals thousands of years ago and the FBI interpret evidence that whites are more likely to be serial killers (a form of sociopathic/psychopathic personality disorder), so scientific research in other areas is biased against whites. We just need to summarise sources for what they say and stop trying to make science say what we want it to say, otherwise you violate another core policy of Wikipedia, WP:NPOV. Really, this RfC requires a rewriting of WP:NOR and WP:NPOV for it to pass. The RfC is clearly trying to enforce one POV to be the truth over another, which is an abuse of sources and WP:SYN. I think some editors are confusing scientific consensus with a social consensus (that it is unacceptable social behaviour to describe differences between racial groups that could be seen to be offensive) and some editors appear to be motivated by WP:IDONTLIKEIT when it comes to one set of reliable sources.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 15:34, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Literaturegeek, several of your arguments contradict our WP:FRINGE guideline. We label a theory as fringe based on its level of acceptance or the degree to which it departs from the prevailing/mainstream view in its field, not whether it has been "proven" or "disproven". We don't simply summarize the sources for each viewpoint; WP:FRINGELEVEL requires us to also document their level of acceptance within the academic community. Non-mainstream viewpoints are not excluded from coverage but they do need to be clearly labelled. –dlthewave ☎ 15:57, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

I agree there is some useful guidance from WP:FRINGE here, but must also take care not to be so imprecise as to call something 'fringe' within the article, as opposed to 'fringe' meaning the guideline has some application. There is also the question of acceptance of a theory vs. valid scientific inquiry or methodology, and those busybody anthropologists probably have a say, not just geneticists and behavioral psychologists. fiveby(zero) 17:02, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Dlthewave Like I said to NightHeron, I did not want to type a monologue which refuted every possible argument. To be clear, I am an established editor and I thought it went without saying that editors should follow WP:DUEWEIGHT and I never implied every viewpoint must be applied or given the same weight. I do not believe a convincing case has been made that there is a scientific consensus amongst reliable sources for this topic area. There may well be a case that one academic viewpoint is stronger than another and that is resolved by WP:WEIGHT and consensus being established amongst editors. There are too many academics who have published in reliable sources suggesting there is some evidence of a genetic contribution to racial differences in intelligence for their viewpoint to be labelled fringe.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 17:21, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

• No. The research have been published by mainstream WP:RS, therefore denoting that this is a valid field of scientific inquiry. Were this to pass as a yes, it would smear the sources, the authors, and their field of inquiry as fringe. Not good. XavierItzm (talk) 17:25, 21 March 2020 (UTC)
• No. I'm uncertain that the sources cited by OP are representative of the field of differential psychology which should be the primary source for addressing this sort of work. As a biological anthropologist myself, I'm unsure if a statement by anthropologists made 25 years ago in response to The Bell Curve is a qualified statement on this "fringe" research, as it has advanced. Perhaps it was fringe back then. If such a determination that this is "fringe" in its current iteration were to be met specifically by differential psychologists currently working in intelligence, I might be more inclined to agree. The implications for this kind of research for dual inheritance theory (https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg2734), clinical work, and general theories of education are rather important. OP's statement that racial differences in intelligence are fringe is likewise empirically incorrect; or at least can't be counted as correct per the sources s/he provided. If we are to estimate, per OP's more specific criterion, its status, we should use only specifically use sources from this field. My own research shows that Richard Flynn, the world's foremost living researcher on racial differences in intelligence, will tell you that we don't know the answer(https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8611/1/1/3) and that such questions should be accepted(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235217300958). For that reason, and because this study reports nearly 50% of psychologists viewing the influence of genes on heritability as genetic(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289619301886), I'm uncertain that calling this research WP:FRINGE is appropriate.--Babylon717 (talk) 01:06, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

  — Babylon717 (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 18:44, 26 March 2020 (UTC)

  The first source by Flynn that you cite is basically a strong refutation of Rushton, and the second source says that work in this area shouldn't be censored or banned. This RfC has nothing to do with censoring or banning anything. It says that the claim that evidence exists that some races are genetically inferior to others in intelligence is fringe. Saying "we don't know" does not explain a "no" vote on the RfC. My last 3 sources supporting a "yes" vote (the AAPA statement, the Weiten textbook, the Nature editorial) are not old sources. As far as the survey goes, the lead author Rindermann has written extensively for the white supremacist journal Mankind Quarterly. According to the well-sourced page on Mankind Quarterly, Mankind Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal that has been described as a "cornerstone of the scientific racism establishment", a "white supremacist journal", an "infamous racist journal", and "scientific racism's keepers of the flame". It's well known that opinion surveys by a biased investigator can be skewed in many ways -- by biased sampling, biased wording of questions, biased interpretation of answers, selective reporting of results, etc. NightHeron (talk) 02:03, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

I think you're probably correct with regards to how I've interpreted the first Flynn paper, but I'm not certain about your interpretation of the second as calling these ideas "fringe." My critique regarding the AAPA's statement or Weiten's textbook (take as counterexamples Plomin and Haiers' textbooks) still stands- AAPA is not an appropriate place for behavioral critiques. If you check AAPAs' most recent statement on race and racism (https://physanth.org/about/position-statements/aapa-statement-race-and-racism-2019/), there is absolutely no discussion on even the socially constructed concepts of race and its relation to intelligence. These topics should best be left to sources in differential psychology. I apologize, but this remains my position. The only grounding argument in AAPA's statement is that race is socially and clinally constructed, not geographically so. I agree with this at the core, but this is not the claim being disputed in the OP: there is nothing about genes, groups, and behavior. With regards to Rindermann's paper, I trust Elsevier's editorial purview moreso than MQ's.Babylon717 (talk) 03:39, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

• Babylon717, To clarify, I did not mean to suggest that Flynn in the second source says that the claim of genetic racial differences in intelligence is fringe. I'd be surprised if he said that; calling someone else's papers "fringe" is an uncollegial thing to do, and most scholars and scientists don't use such terms when they critique other people's work. The AAPA and AAA position statements are based in part on the consensus that race is a socially constructed concept rather than a biological one, and that already makes it logically problematic to claim a genetic difference in intelligence. The other logically problematic steps that would have to all be valid in order for there to be any truth in this claim are that (i) intelligence is a well-defined one-dimensional concept that can be compared over different cultures using IQ tests, (ii) it is possible to control for the vast differences in historical and environmental circumstances between different populations, and (iii) there is reason to assume that if one were to control for those vast differences and if (i) were also true, then the genetic advantage in intelligence would be what Jensen, Lynn, Rushton, Piffer, Rindermann, and Gottfredson claim it to be, namely, that black people on average are genetically endowed with less intelligence than white people. When one has an inflammatory conclusion that's based not on science but rather on 4 problematic logical steps, and if the consensus of scholars in related fields is against this fallacious reasoning, that qualifies as fringe. NightHeron (talk) 13:16, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

• Yes - Both 'race' and 'intelligence' are concepts that are subject to manipulation to an extent that the hypothesis of a correlation between them is often subject to manipulation. Any hypothesis of a linkage is colored by the coloring of the categories, so that any discussion is fringe and requires 'special handling'. Robert McClenon (talk) 16:03, 24 March 2020 (UTC)
• Comment: A fallacious argument that's been repeatedly advanced by no-voters on this RfC is that, because Jensen/Ruston/Lynn/Gottfredson/etc sometimes get published by reputable publishers and in reputable journals, that means that those publications are RS and the POV expressed there -- that black people are genetically inferior to white people in intelligence -- is not a fringe viewpoint. On the contrary, WP:RS says: "When relying on primary sources, extreme caution is advised...Material such as an article, book, monograph, or research paper that has been vetted by the scholarly community is regarded as reliable" (my emphasis). Also: "Care should be taken with journals that exist mainly to promote a particular point of view. A claim of peer review is not an indication that the journal is respected, or that any meaningful peer review occurs. Journals that are not peer reviewed by the wider academic community should not be considered reliable, except to show the views of the groups represented by those journals." (Elsevier publishes at least two such journals, Intelligence and Personality and Individual Differences.) And: "Isolated studies are usually considered tentative and may change in the light of further academic research. If the isolated study is a primary source, it should generally not be used if there are secondary sources that cover the same content. The reliability of a single study depends on the field. Avoid undue weight when using single studies in such fields."

Saini's book (referenced at the beginning of the RfC) discusses several examples of scientific racism that appeared in reputable journals or in books published by reputable publishers. A particularly striking example is a 2005 study -- later debunked -- by Bruce Lahn et al published in Science that claimed genetic evidence that the advances in recent millennia that occurred in Europe and Asia and not in Africa can be explained by genetic inferiority of the brains of people in Africa. NightHeron (talk) 16:05, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

• I also am surprised to read multiple editors saying that if a paper is published in a journal, therefore it's not fringe. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 16:44, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, "that black people are genetically inferior to white people in intelligence". That statement isn't just what this RfC proposes to label fringe. This RfC is much more broad than that, which is why I opposed. The RfC as proposed would indicate that the matter is a settled question with a scientific consensus, when in fact the opposite is true. The community is not only divided, but the consensus is that it is still an open question that is difficult to answer due to difficulty in defining race and intelligence accurately. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 19:01, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Insertcleverphrasehere: You're right that the statement of the RfC is broader. In my comments I've focused on the claim that blacks are genetically less intelligent than whites because that is the most common form of scientific racism in the US, where most (not all) of the white supremacist theorists have worked. But in accordance with WP:GLOBAL it would be wrong to limit the RfC to that case. As it's worded, a yes-vote on the RfC also means that the fringe designation would apply if a Chinese source claimed that the Uyghur people were genetically less intelligent than the Chinese people, or if an Australian source claimed that the Aboriginal people were genetically less intelligent than white Australians.

The sources I gave show that there's a consensus that there is no scientific basis for making statements about one race being genetically superior or inferior to another in intelligence, in part for the reason you mention, namely, that race and intelligence are both nebulous and subjective terms. NightHeron (talk) 20:39, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

A fallacious argument that's been repeatedly advanced by no-voters on this RfC is that, because Jensen/Ruston/Lynn/Gottfredson/etc sometimes get published by reputable publishers and in reputable journals, that means that those publications are RS and the POV expressed there -- that black people are genetically inferior to white people in intelligence -- is not a fringe viewpoint.

You're mischaracterizing the argument that I and others have presented here. The argument I've made is that the only way we can judge whether or not an idea is "fringe" is based on how it is presented in sources that pass WP:RS. That includes various high-quality journals, standard textbooks such as Hunt's book, and surveys such as Rindermann et al. or the older similar survey by Snyderman and Rothman which found a similar result. Aside from how an idea is presented in reliable sources, what other criterion for judging whether or not it's fringe could possibly exist?

The argument that you have been making throughout this RFC is that we have some other way of knowing what is fringe and what isn't, that supersedes what would otherwise be a straightforward application of WP:RS and WP:NPOV. This argument appears to be mostly original research on your part (and if you were to look closely at the source material you're characterizing as "fringe", you would be aware that research in this area is using a much more specific and narrow definition of the term "intelligence" than the term's colloquial meaning.) As I said before, it would be possible to characterize almost any topic as fringe by substituting my own judgement for an impartial evaluation of the viewpoints that exist in reliable sources, the way that you've been doing. 2600:1004:B140:1416:68A3:F469:4750:75AF (talk) 00:46, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

To support the fringe designation I'm using official statements of the American Anthropological Association and the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Weiten's textbook, and an editorial in Nature, among other sources. To refute this, your main source is the "survey" by Rindermann. You're unperturbed by the fact that the survey is totally unreliable because Rindermann is a diehard white supremacist, a frequent contributor to Mankind Quarterly, which is one of the oldest and most important journals of scientific racism. NightHeron (talk) 01:40, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Can you provide a reliable source that directly supports your calling Rindermann a "diehard white supremacist"? As was explained to you here, it is a violation of BLP policy to make a statement like this about a living person without a reliable source supporting it, including at a noticeboard. You appeared to understand this aspect of policy when it was explained to you in that discussion, so you don't have ignorance as an excuse here. 2600:1004:B140:1416:68A3:F469:4750:75AF (talk) 01:53, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Sure. Heiner Rindermann serves on the editorial board of the journal Intelligence, has been a frequent contributor to Mankind Quarterly, and has helped to organize conferences for the International Society for Intelligence Research.[3] This is sourced to a New Statesman article in 2018; concerning the International Society for Intelligence Research, its members, publications, and events have each also promoted ideas characterized by New Statesman as "racist pseudo-science."[5] The journal Intelligence is the official journal of that Society. Concerning Mankind Quarterly, Mankind Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal that has been described as a "cornerstone of the scientific racism establishment", a "white supremacist journal",[1] an "infamous racist journal", and "scientific racism's keepers of the flame".[2][3][4] These quotes from three Wikipedia articles are well-sourced. NightHeron (talk) 02:14, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Wikipedia itself isn't a reliable source, and I think you know that. In all of the sentences from Wikipedia articles you're quoting, the only one of the sources that actually mentions Rindermann is the New Statesman article. This article contains all of two sentences about Rindermann, and does not accuse him of being a white supremacist. (It also isn't clear whether or not the New Statesman is a reliable source.)

Let me ask you again: Can you provide a reliable source that directly supports your calling Rindermann a "diehard white supremacist"? If you can't, then you are violating BLP policy by repeatedly claiming this, and you should strike your comments making that statement on both this and other pages. 2600:1004:B140:1416:68A3:F469:4750:75AF (talk) 02:39, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, This is all guilt by association. It seems that you cannot provide a source that directly supports your allegations against Rindermann. So yes; BLP policy violation. Please stop. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 02:42, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Oh stop it with the apologias. The man unapologetically attended a eugenics conference. He deserves all the opprobrium we can muster. jps (talk) 00:49, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Rindermann is an editor of the official journal of the ISIR and organizes events for that organization, both of which are described by RS as promoting "racist pseudo-science," and he is a frequent contributor to the premier journal of white supremacy and scientific racism Mankind Quarterly (the Wikipedia article gives 4 RS for that characterization of Mankind Quarterly).

Another source for Rindermann's views is the far-right The New Observer: Nonwhite invaders tested at Chemnitz University in Germany have average IQs of around 93 and this is going to cause "cognitive errors" with enormous consequences for the rest of society, one of that country's leading psychology professors has warned... Professor Heiner Rindermann, chair of Educational and Developmental Psychology at the Technical University of Chemnitz, has penned a penetrating article in the Focus Online German news service where he has spelled out the importance of IQ, culture, achievement, and its relationship to race. Titled "Secondary School Level Engineers," the article states unequivocally that the mass importation of low IQ nonwhite immigrants is going to lead to the destruction of Germany.[13]

From dictionary.com: White Supremacy: the belief, theory, or doctrine that white people are inherently superior to people from all other racial and ethnic groups, especially Black people, and are therefore rightfully the dominant group in any society.

Seems that the Duck test applies. NightHeron (talk) 09:44, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Let me make sure I'm understanding you correctly. Are you seriously citing The New Observer, a far-right fake news and conspiracy site, to support this statement you're making about a living person? 2600:1004:B10C:1875:ED1E:ACF1:A73A:DFE3 (talk) 10:25, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Only to show how influential Rindermann is with far-right racists. A far-right fringe source such as The New Observer can be used to show what the far-right believes and who they are using to provide an academic veneer for their racism. NightHeron (talk) 13:02, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

The New Observer is well-known for making up "facts" out of thin air. Your using of this source to support a defamatory statement about a living person, that apparently cannot be supported by any actual reliable sources, is the exact thing that BLP policy is intended to prohibit. If you really do not see any problem with what you're doing, even after having the policy explained to you by user:Barkeep49 in his user talk, all I can say is that I hope someone will do something about this, because this type of deliberate disregard for a policy should not be ignored. 2600:1004:B112:3732:A85E:6ED1:9649:3917 (talk) 13:38, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Yes, the far-right makes up facts about their opponents and about immigrants, but it's doubtful that they make up facts about whom they admire (and quote from) in the academic world. 15:36, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, I assume you added the above unsigned statement. Not sure why several edits made by you here were deleted from the history of the article, but you really should stop making claims like that if they can't be backed up by a reliable source. It seems that Rindermann's work might be admired by those that some would describe as "diehard white supremacists". This does not in any way assert that he himself should be labelled as such (association fallacy at it's most obvious). Our article on him, Heiner Rindermann, makes no such claims or allegations. I can't find any sources online that do so except... well; I suggest that you read less of the RationalWiki (an excerpt of which you quoted above), and more of better-quality sources. Your "duck" test amounts to little more than your own opinion, and sorry, but WP:JUSTDONTLIKEIT is not a justification for BLP violations. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 22:58, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

• No. There is a large amount of strong evidence for the hereditarian hypothesis about race and intelligence (see any work by Francis Galton or this: "Rushton, J. P., & Jensen, A. R. (2005). Thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11, 235-294."). It has been shown that there is a hereditarian predictability, even when examining samples of people within the same race. As I see it, the argument being raised in not on the validity of such findings, but the potential damaging interpretations of such findings and the potential misuse of such findings. This concern is found in other areas of study as well. Recently, the same sort of debate was brought up by the evolutionary biologist, Richard Dawkins, when discussing the topic of Eugenics. Dawkins pointed out that it is important to separate the science from politics.

I noticed that my comment is commented as potentially a "SPA". Perhaps this was a hasty decision. Looking at the guidelines for SPA, under "Who not to tag (SPA tagging guidelines)" it states " Frequency of edits: users with as few as 3 or 4 edits are not necessarily SPAs if those edits are in a diverse set of topics and do not appear to be promoting a "single purpose."". Since I've made more than 4 edits in topics ranging from gaming to karate and ergonomics, it's reasonable to believe that I'm not a SPA, and the hasty assumption was a mistake. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tulimafat (talk • contribs) 01:52, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

• — Tulimafat (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. —PaleoNeonate – 03:11, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

• Yes. Race is a social construct with categories that vary among cultures and among individuals. Intelligence, similarly has no fixed definition, and tests to measure it, inevitably carry cultural biases that make comparisons of divergent populations invalid. Bcharles (talk) 04:01, 25 March 2020 (UTC)
• No Hey everyone. I'm a professor who has worked in this field for decades. The term "genetically inferior" in the RFC question seems chosen to provoke a certain reaction, and professionals who publish in this area don't use such value-laden terms. But this RFC is clearly asking about the hereditarian hypothesis with respect to group differences, which is not fringe at all. Such work is routinely published in journals for intelligence research and psychology in general, and researchers in my field (cognitive psychology) are divided in their opinions about the causes of the group differences often observed in average IQ scores. The recently published survey that others have linked to is is an accurate representation of the views in this field. I see that many other people have already explained this, so I don't have much more to add.--Bpesta22 (talk) 13:11, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

  — Bpesta22 (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic.

• No Labeling entire field of study as "fringe" because the conclusions could be considered unfashionable in the current climate is just not productive. I assume most people here in believe in the theory of evolution. Humans have adapted to live in very different environments, hence between-group variations in skin color, menarche , gestational periods etc. To assert that the most vital organ in the human body, namely the brain, would somehow be magically exempt from evolutionary pressures is basically secular creationism. OP mentions The Mismeasure of Man as one of his sources, but that book has several issues of its own . There are lots of respected, world class scientists who entertain the idea of a relationship between race and intelligence. For this is to be a fringe view there would have be overwhelming consensus that there is no relationship what so ever, but here is not.--Shivan (talk) 00:28, March 26, 2020 (UTC).

  — Shivan (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 18:44, March 26, 2020

  Shivan’s account has been editing since March 2005 and has edited a diverse range of unrelated topics and has made zero other edits in this topic area. The exact opposite of a single purpose account. I am not going to revert again, I don’t have the energy or care enough to. You should realise that by you adding and reinstating SPA tags that are added without just cause to editors with a differing viewpoint to yours makes you look like you are POV pushing and trying to game the RfC and this will make your vote and comments less reliable. Levich, please try to set your emotions aside, make a vote and don’t try to WP:GAME the result of this RfC.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 14:51, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  I am neither emotional nor gaming anything. This account made no edits for nine years before !voting in this RFC. I don't know about you, but I consider zero edits in nine years as "few edits outside this topic". Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 15:07, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

• No The question of what accounts for different group averages on IQ tests is an open one. Various hypotheses have been advanced, broadly categorized into environmental or genetic explanations. Various sources have been linked within this thread to show this: mainstream textbooks on intelligence, books by respected authors in psychometrics, and anonymous surveys on intelligence researchers' beliefs. A clear theme is that, among many other ideas, the hereditarian hypothesis is still being considered as an explanation for this observed phenomena.--Gardenofaleph (talk) 02:06, March 26, 2020 (UTC).

  — Gardenofaleph (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 18:44, March 26, 2020

  • I've edited in the areas of psychometrics, learning software, obesity, and a few small edits to other topics. Doesn't make sense to call me a single-purpose account.--Gardenofaleph (talk) 20:15, 26 March 2020 (UTC)
    • Yeah I agree, most of your edits are clearly unrelated to this topic area. You were tagged unnecessarily, the third time this happened to someone who voted against this RfC. I have removed the template that incorrectly accused you of being an SPA.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 12:09, 27 March 2020 (UTC)
      • I've reinstated my edits; please do not remove them. This account, like the others, has made very few edits outside this topic–three edits outside this topic area in the last 12 months. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 14:13, 27 March 2020 (UTC)
        • They edited outside the topic for well over a year before editing in it and the majority of their edits are outside the topic area. That is the opposite of a single purpose account. Levich the SPA tag really does need to be removed. The criteria you are applying is not in concordance with how Wikipedia defines a single purpose account. Please remove the SPA tag.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 14:27, 27 March 2020 (UTC)
          • I disagree with your description of the editing history. The last 20 edits go back to December 2018; 5 are outside this topic area; 15 are within the topic area. 11 of those edits were attempting to add Rindermann to Nations and intelligence. You can disagree with me that that's an SPA, but I think it's an SPA. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 15:07, 27 March 2020 (UTC)
            • You are being very misleading because you are not mentioning all their edits prior to Dec 2018 which show their history prior to then was entirely outside the topic area and you are miscounting their last 20 edits, I count 14 inside and 7 outside the topic area. So if I edit primarily COVID-19 for the next six months to a year, despite my many edits on a diverse range of topics over the years, you can ignore all that and label me a single purpose account? Your reasoning actually can apply to several editors here who are supporting the RfC, why are you not flagging them as SPAs?--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 16:26, 27 March 2020 (UTC)
              • What are you talking about, my reasoning can apply to several editors who support the RfC? There are exactly zero non-extended confirmed editors !voting "yes" so far. (By contrast, there are multiple non-EC accounts !voting "no" that I have not tagged, because I don't think those are SPAs.) LG, your account is not an SPA because you have made many edits outside this topic. By contrast, even by your own count, Gardenofaleph's edits over the last 15 months are 70% (14/20) inside this topic. YMMV but 6 edits outside the topic in over a year constitutes "few edits outside this topic" as far as I'm concerned. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 17:20, 27 March 2020 (UTC)
                • Prior to their edits within the topic area (beginning in Dec 2018) between Aug and Dec 2018 they made 32 edits on various medical and other unrelated topics and zero within this topic area so a significant majority of their edits are outside the topic area. There is no justification that you have given for you chopping off 4 or 5 months worth of edits to make their statistics fit the definition of an SPA, it is unreasonable. Good point re. extended users, point taken.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 17:45, 27 March 2020 (UTC)
                  • This is becoming such a side discussion, but in order to defend against accusations that I'm misusing the SPA tag, I'm expanding on my reasoning. It's not 4 or 5 months. For three weeks (Aug 20, 2018 – Sep 9, 2018), this account made edits in other topics, along with 7 more edits in October and November. Then, from Dec. 24, 2018, until March 26, 2020 – 15 months – 14 out of 21 edits were specifically trying to get Rindermann's views into Wikipedia (including their !vote here). Look, I say that's an SPA–the overwhelming majority of their editing (70%), for the overwhelming majority of their tenure (15 months), has been in one narrow topic area. Now, if you want to say that because they made more edits in the first 3 weeks than they've made since, therefore they can't be an SPA, that's fine–that's your interpretation of the data; mine is different. It's up to the closer what they want to do; but it doesn't make my tagging "unfounded". My final word on the SPA matter: the sine qua non of SPA is not the editing history of any one account, it's about (as WP:SPA explains) how many SPAs are in one discussion. One or two accounts that look like SPAs in a discussion is no big deal, and if this discussion had only a few SPAs, I would not be tagging any of them. However, this discussion has, by my count, 11 SPAs. 11 out of 18 "no" !votes (61%) to date have been from SPAs. And that's worth pointing out to the closer. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 18:07, 27 March 2020 (UTC)
                    • I actually decided not to revert you a 2nd time because I hoped it would let me move on with more important things but you continue to WP:BATTLE with misrepresentations. You are misleading the reader by selectively quoting statistics. His first 32 edits were all outside the topic area, then, of the remaining 20 edits 6 of these were outside the topic area, that gives a total of 38 edits outside the topic area and 14 inside the topic area. The large majority of his edits are outside the topic area. Please quote the part of the SPA essay that says an SPA includes someone who has a majority of edits outside the topic area or drop the stick. I do acknowledge that there are indeed too many SPAs in this discussion and the closer will no doubt reduce the weight or discount their vote via their own discretion.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 03:15, 28 March 2020 (UTC)
                    • Levivich, An SPA is an account made to do a specific thing. This one has a history of editing elsewhere. This topic may be a recent area of interest, but that isn't a reason to accuse them of being an SPA. An accusation of being an SPA should not be done lightly, especially to editors with a history of editing unrelated pages, as doing so carries an implication of assuming bad faith on the part of the one accused. I'd suggest removing this tag from the comment of this user, whom has a history of editing other pages on the wiki going back to 2018. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 20:52, 29 March 2020 (UTC)
                      • @Insertcleverphrasehere: Maybe you should actually read WP:SPA, instead of making up things about what it says? --JBL (talk) 00:47, 30 March 2020 (UTC)
                        • JBL, You want a quote? "Users with a diversified edit history that indicates that the user became inactive for an extended period and then later re-established themselves with single subject edits. Note that a time gap in edit history may be evidence that the person was referred to Wikipedia by an outside source, but it isn't evidence that the person is an SPA." — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 05:29, 30 March 2020 (UTC)
                          • Insertcleverphrasehere, yes, I think quoting is much better than writing a misleading summary sentence. (FWIW: "SPA-ness" comes on a spectrum, and of all the tagged accounts in this discussion I agree that Gardenofaleph is the least SPA-y. (Unlike, say, the one below that you untagged, which obviously qualifies.)) --JBL (talk) 12:42, 30 March 2020 (UTC)
• No (...but some are fringe) This RfC is too broad and an over-simplification. A lot of this controversy is also between two fields: psychology and anthropology. Two of the critical statements in the opening post are by the American Anthropological Association & Physical Anthropologists. The American Psychological Association's article cited there, on the other hand, is titled Anthropological & historical perspectives in the social construct of race - indicating a difference in the perspectives. APA's Psychology, Public Policy, and Law journal itself has published peer-reviewed articles by Rushton and Jensen. Also, not all critics of IQ studies are mainstream themselves: Kamin was a former Communist Party member who cited Marx in his criticism of IQ testing. I don't think anything useful can come out of this RfC and this should be determined case-by-case. --Pudeo (talk) 10:10, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  Leon Kamin was not fringe. As an undergraduate he briefly belonged to the Communist Party, and then quit. He suffered during the McCarthy period because of this and because he refused to give the McCarthy Committee names of other former members. For many years he was chair of the Princeton psych department, and his book The Science and Politics of I.Q. was generally (not entirely) reviewed favorably. All of this is sourced on the Wikipedia pages for him and for his book. By the way, a citation to Marx in a book does not make someone fringe. Such a citation might be taboo in some countries, but that doesn't make it fringe on Wikipedia, per WP:GLOBAL. NightHeron (talk) 12:48, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  Given that the RfC directly states that sources by Jensen, Rushton ... are fringe, a further clarification is warranted. As I mentioned, Jensen has published several articles in the American Psychological Association's peer-reviewed journal Psychology, Public Policy, and Law (doi:10.1037/1076-8971.6.1.121, doi:10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235). Frankly, I don't see any justification in WP:FRINGE for disqualifying these sources. Wikipedia's job is to reflect views presented in reliable sources, even controversial ones. As expected, there also have been several articles critical of Jensen published in this journal (example: doi:10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.302). WP:NPOV and WP:WEIGHT helps with that. --Pudeo (talk) 10:56, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  Is the definition of "fringe" that it was never published in a peer-reviewed journal? If that's the rule, there's no need for this RFC, the sourcing restriction would, in and of itself, eliminate all possible fringe sources. But it's not my understanding that "published by a respectable publisher" = "not fringe". And that's not what WP:FRINGE says... it says in the first sentence: "In Wikipedia parlance, the term fringe theory is used in a very broad sense to describe an idea that departs significantly from the prevailing views or mainstream views in its particular field". And, Jensen's theories (and Rushton, and The Bell Curve, and all hereditarianism) depart significantly from the prevailing views or mainstream views in its particular field (whether that field is psychology or anthropology). For example, most of subsequently-published works examining Jensen 2000 and 2005 are debunking or disagreeing with it. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 14:20, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  There are 642 citations of Rushton & Jensen's 2005 review on Google Scholar. From my skimming of these, most of them just cite it as a review of the hereditarian position on the topic. There doesn't seem to be any basis for your broad claim. I checked the three most recent ones. These were 1) Tan, Y. W., Burgess, G. H., & Green, R. J. (2020). The effects of acculturation on neuropsychological test performance: A systematic literature review. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 1-31, which mentions it as "Another study limitation is that we were unable to assess co-occurring factors, which may influence neurotoxic effects such as age at exposure,16–19 race,51 and poverty.52–54" where 51 is R&J. 2) Nugent, B. D., Davis, P. J., Noll, R. B., & Tersak, J. M. (2020). Sedation practices in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 67(2), e28037. where it is mentioned as "Therefore, any synthesis of these data is tentative, and based on a presumption that all neuropsychological tests are equally valid for all populations (Sternberg, 2004; Rushton & Jensen, 2005).". 3) Pesta, B. J., Kirkegaard, E. O., te Nijenhuis, J., Lasker, J., & Fuerst, J. G. (2020). Racial and ethnic group differences in the heritability of intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Intelligence, 78, 101408. "Some reviews suggest that the heritability of intelligence is similar across cultures (Plomin et al., 2014) and ethnic groups (Jensen, 1998; Rushton & Jensen, 2005). Others suggest differently (Turkheimer, Harden, & Nisbett, 2017).". So all three sources cite it in passing, two of them as noting that R&J are advocating one POV in a debate. The last source is preferred because it is published in a specialist journal for this research (Intelligence). --AndewNguyen (talk) 18:14, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  No, I don't agree that Intelligence (or the organization behind it, International Society for Intelligence Research) is the preferred source, given recent controversy about that journal. They're like the modern-day Pioneer Fund, aren't they?

  Anyway, let's cut to the chase in this discussion: do you agree that the hereditarians, themselves, acknowledge that hereditarianism (a.k.a. the claim that there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines) is a "fringe" or "minority" or "unorthodox" (or whatever label you want to put on it) view, and not the "mainstream", "majority", "orthodox" (or whatever label you want to put on it) view? Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 18:30, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  • The fringe theories guideline itself states that NPOV is an overriding fundamental policy
  • NPOV states "fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without editorial bias, all the significant views that have been published by reliable sources on a topic"
  • There are significant views published in reliable sources that this RfC attempts to label as fringe, seemingly in an attempt to censor or present them unfairly
  • No one supporting this RfC clearly states how a fringe label gives guidance for the article or complies with the NPOV policy

  That is not to say that the fringe guideline should not apply, there is some applicable guidance in certain sections as well as within NPOV

  • This is not an article about the views of Jensen, Rushton, Lynn, etc.
  • This is not an article about the concept solely within fields such as behavioral phsychology, genetics, etc.
  • This is not an article that is some heredity vs. environmental debate or even wholy scientific, there are social policy and ethical views
  • The scope of the article covers many aspects and many views from differing presperctives that somehow must all be presented from a mainstream perspective
  • The scientific merit and methodology of some research has been questioned, and some views are to varying degrees the minority depending on the field of study
  • The current article content does not follow NPOV and the FRINGE guideline, WP:PROPORTION and WP:GEVAL are probably the most pertinent policy links

  Just saying something is fringe whithout an opinion as to how the article content should change isn't helpful and makes this RfC pretty useless. I'm glad someone started discussing. fiveby(zero) 16:29, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  I don't understand. This RFC is asking Is the claim that there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines a fringe viewpoint?, i.e., should the claim that there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines be treated in accordance with the guideline WP:FRINGE. (I say yes.) That doesn't mean we exclude those claims or censor anything–nothing in this RFC is talking about including vs. excluding content. It just means that we present those claims in accordance with WP:FRINGE. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 17:28, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  The RfC lacks clarity as to how the article currently does not comply with FRINGE and how the content should change. Should have been something along these lines:

  1. There is some research claiming or supporting genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines
  2. The research and claims are significant but a small part of larger research into genetics and intelligence etc., distinctly minority, and of questionable merit and utility
  3. There are a number of implications: social, ethical, academic freedom, moral fallacy and troubling connections to historical and current viewpoints

  The amount of ink spilled on #2 and #3 vastly outweighs the actual research and its importance, and discussion has expanded way beyond the its field of study. The current article presentation is the opposite, nearly completely focused on #1, and incorporating detail better left to sub-articles such as Heritability of IQ as editors attempt to reproduce arguments for and against rather than a fair description, giving greater weight to the research than is merited. There is a false balance to the article that can be remedied by complying with the FRINGE guideline and NPOV policy. fiveby(zero) 18:31, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

  I agree there is a false balance to the article that can be remedied by complying with the FRINGE guideline and NPOV policy. However, as you can see in some of the "no" !votes above, some editors feel that the claim that there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines is the mainstream view, or that the scientific community is divided on it, as opposed to it being a minority/fringe view. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 18:59, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

• Mostly yes, though a caveat. There's a lot of fringe stuff in this topic regardless of whether you call it pseudoscience or not. It's pretty clear that if you have people saying one race is intellectually inferior or some waffling or middling language trying to fit that idea in, that's fringe. However, there is a potential area of nuance where racists might jump on and us fringe-watchers might overcorrect too:

For those of us who do genetics research (I know nothing of this specific topic), accounting for what we call population structure is a big deal (I'll use plant examples since that's what I know). What that basically means is that when a subgroup or landrace of say crops is grown for many years in a certain region, let's say Asia, they will tend to have some similar traits. If you add in a group of crops from Europe as well and look for correlation between say drought tolerance and different genes, your could easily get a "sigificant" effect showing seed coat color genes (let's say black vs. yellow) are correlated with drought tolerance or susceptibility. Almost any intro genetics course should point out that's a big no-no because not accounting for the background population structure causes false postives. In this case, the black drought tolerance seed was from more arid parts of Asia, and the yellow susceptible one was from Europe where there wasn't much selection pressure for drought tolerance, and people liked the yellow seed there more for some reason. Once you account for those background genetics by region, that specific gene is longer significant. That's a classic correlation ≠ caustion problem, and there are ways to account for that underlying population structure before doing your correlational study.

If the context of some content is that there is some underlying population structure like above where maybe a geographical group (who happens to be a certain skin color) scores lower on scientifically "valid" intelligence markers (just assuming such measures aren't controversial for a second), that isn't neccesarily fringe from the genetics perspective. That's only if it's in correct context though like a study saying "After accounting for population structure from race A that was more prone living in certain environmental conditions / selection pressures, we didn't find any correlations between genetic markers and intelligence." Basically, it's techncially fine to say a subgroup tends to score a certain way, but it's not fine to imply genetic or racial causation, especially without accounting for confounding factors. That part of doing the science correctly doesn't change just because the variables change to humans and race. To develop content on that though would take extreme care and likely still be messy though since I could envision racist wikilawyering being a problem while others try to hold the line on WP:FRINGE.

Maybe that's a niche example that actually hasn't come up in this dispute, but that's something that caught my eye when I put my genetics hat on where a paper could mention population structure and someone might seize on it saying "Look, there is a difference!" The content itself may not be fringe, but it could be so easily misinterpreted or POV-pushed (e.g., Climategate cherry-picking examples) that the fringe guideline would still correctly permeate the discussion. Kingofaces43 (talk) 18:03, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

Our article on race and intelligence should indeed not imply/assert that genetics are the cause of racial differences in intelligence nor should it imply/assert social and environmental differences are the cause because that would be original research, because this is not settled science — in other words, reliable sources disagree and others are uncertain. The problem is science/reliable sources in this area is contradictory. What this RfC proposes to do is to create a situation where we synthesise a scientific consensus prematurely that scientists have ruled out any genetic contribution, to label or treat those who publish differently fringe quacks, even though the genetics of intelligence is poorly understood as many many thousands unknown combinations of genes play a role. Then, if the RfC passes, policies such as WP:NOR, WP:WEIGHT, WP:NPOV will be set aside and only one POV can be asserted to be a scientific consensus, a consensus determined through Wikipedia editors rather than reliable sources, which is the definition of original research.... We are meant to just summarise reliable sources, per weight and other policies.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 19:43, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

• Comment: Let's not make this RfC sound more complicated than it is. The point it's making is that there is no evidence that's accepted by mainstream scientists that shows genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines. Period. Some people, using IQ tests, correlations, and speculations, claim the contrary. That claim is fringe because it's unsupported. The argument "we just don't know," which has been advanced by no-voters, is precisely the point. There is also no evidence that's accepted by mainstream scientists that shows that if later research revealed a genetic intelligence difference along racial lines, it would necessarily be to the advantage of white people over black people rather than the reverse. Again, "we just don't know."

The claim that certain populations are genetically less intelligent than others is on the face of it insulting and offensive. Giving a WP:FALSEBALANCE to such claims is contrary to policy. An analogy: Suppose some notable people made unsupported claims that Mr. X is a child molester. That claim would not be presented on Mr. X's BLP as if it were a theory that some people believe and some don't, but "we just don't know." Such false balance would be prohibited. If it were mentioned at all on the BLP, it would be mentioned as an unfounded claim made by enemies of Mr. X.

In fact, if such a claim concerning Mr. X did appear on Wikipedia with false balance, Mr. X could sue Wikipedia for defamatory content. Unfortunately, legal avenues are not available for Africans and African Americans to sue for defamatory content concerning race and intelligence. NightHeron (talk) 14:02, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

The controversial research actually shows East Asians and Jews to have significantly “superior” intellect to all other races including whites — whites are found to only be of very average intellect. So these datasets do not support any notion of white supremacy at all, white avergeness maybe. Further, science shows whites to have higher incidences of some personality disorders (including that most serial killers are white Caucasian), major depression, certain medical conditions, likely due to inbreeding between humans and Neanderthals, so why does the conversation focus on white vs black instead of East Asian, Jews vs black or some such? Is it just about smearing one side of the debate as white supremacists to win a content dispute? I get the impression that most of the yes voters seem under the delusion that they are somehow resisting white supremacy or some such and are casting WP:IDONTLIKEIT votes, because it is not normal for so many editors to vote against core policies such as WP:NOR, WP:NPOV, etc., in fact this is perhaps the first time I have seen this happen.

The don’t know status (re. the cause) of the research includes environmental factors too because without solid genetic understanding of intelligence no one can say for sure how much of a contribution is environmental/social and how much, if any, is genetic. So to call researchers who lean one way fringe when the science is very incomplete and not understood is not the norm, rather it would be the exception, if this RfC passes.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 14:44, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

Yes, it is totally incompatible with white supremacy to believe [checks notes] that Jews are in some way exceptional. Please, take your racist bullshit elsewhere. --JBL (talk) 15:35, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

It would be highly unusual for a racist to be racist against their own race (I am a white Caucasian) and highlight research, that the FBI accepts, that whites are more likely to be serial killers and psychopaths. I guess the FBI and criminologists the world over are racists too... I could be misreading but it read as if you assumed because I highlighted research that was biased against whites that I must be a Jewish supremacist, especially as you chopped the East Asian part of my comment out about Jews and East Asians reportedly scoring higher on some cognitive tests. I am not Jewish. Instead, consider the other option, that I am motivated by Wikipedia policies and what reliable sources say, in other words assume good faith and don’t respond with personal attacks like this calling me a racist with profanity.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 17:07, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

Science does not show "whites to have higher incidences of some personality disorders (including that most serial killers are white Caucasian), major depression, certain medical conditions, likely due to inbreeding between humans and Neanderthals". That is some serious woo right there. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 19:35, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

Here is a systematic review which suggests blacks are less likely to suffer personality disorders. I mean okay, the science is not settled, methodological explanations have been suggested but nevertheless... And pretty much everyone knows statistically serial killers are more likely to be white Caucasian. We have a Wikipedia article about Neanderthal DNA Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans#Neanderthals. Blacks have the least Neanderthal DNA, whites have fair amount and perhaps the most Neanderthal DNA. This national geographic article comments on Neanderthal DNA contributing to or causing mental health and medical illnesses. My ex-girlfriend had lovely Neanderthal red hair lol. Look Levivich, I love science; clearly anything that discusses racial differences deeply offends you, it offends me too but obviously at a different level, I am always going to set that offence aside and follow sources and Wikipedia policy, I will not be right on every point and don’t want to feel like every time I post something I will have to defend every little point. Perhaps it is best we interact as little as possible. Both of our viewpoints have been clearly articulated for the RfC closers to consider. I enjoyed this debate but time to wind it down. Have a nice day and stay safe from the coronavirus. I don’t own the WP:TRUTH and your truth is as valuable as mine. Cheers.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 20:11, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

No, there are no such thing as "serial killer statistics" that show that serial killers are more likely to be white Caucasian. (Also wtf is "white Caucasian", as opposed to what? Black Caucasian? White non-Caucasian?) You should ponder that we only know about the serial killers that we catch. You can say that most of the serial killers in the United States and Europe who have been caught are white, but then that makes sense, because most people in the US and Europe are white. Duh. Also, blacks have the least Neanderthal DNA is not at all what our article says, nor what the studies show. "Black" is not the same thing as "sub-Saharan African". I'm not offended by discussing racial differences, but you're making wildly-inaccurate claims in this discussion. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 20:25, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

The FBI says that The racial diversification of serial killers generally mirrors that of the overall U.S. population. - MrOllie (talk) 20:30, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

Strange but interesting Ollie because world statistics show overwhelmingly that mostly white countries produce the most serial killers with a couple of Asian countries lower in list. You have given me something to research in my spare time Ollie, maybe I was wrong after all on that point but still have questions hence bedtime hobby researching lol.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 20:39, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

Oh, I never provided a reference for that claim Levivich, but yes white Caucasians (or Eurasians if you prefer that term) have significantly more Neanderthal DNA than those of African ancestry. I have never come across sources that suggest any different. Cheers.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 20:56, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

So you think "modern Africans" is a racial group? (No, don't answer that, because actually what you should do is take your racist bullshit elsewhere.) --JBL (talk) 22:02, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

What a muddle. "People of African ancestry" is not the same as "black" (indeed, "black" refers to different collections of groups in the USA, South Africa, the Dominican Republic, England and Australia), nor does it represent a genetically-based grouping, including as it does everything from Berber to Igbo to Coptic Egyptian to San to Hansa. Then there is Eurasian, which is a whole lot broader than 'white Caucasian', (or any other colour of caucasian), and includes groups (such Tamils and Hmong) that would cause the white racists and xenophobes to blanch at the thought of being grouped together with them under your banner of 'white Caucasians'. And you seem to have missed the import of the article, that there was a good bit of backflow into Africa, meaning that there is no line of division that separates Sub-Saharan Africans from Supra-Saharan populations (everyone else), let alone 'blacks' from 'white caucasians'. As with most other human traits, the amount of Neanderthal DNA falls along a continuum. There are indeed geographical trends, even within sub-Saharan Africa, but they do not correspond with most societal definitions of race. Agricolae (talk) 22:26, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

Yes Agricolae, Africa has two separate major racial groups, Arabic (North Africa) and Sub Saharan. Eurasia (as the name obviously implies) includes Asian people and white Caucasians. I do not mind being described as Eurasian or being placed in same group as Asian people. I didn’t miss that line of the article; the back flow and levels of Neanderthal DNA is found in higher levels in North Africans/Arabs whereas Sub Saharan Africans have the least amount of Neanderthal DNA, possibly explaining why sub Saharan Africans appear to have reduced rates of certain illnesses compared to other racial groups.

Joel B. Lewis, obviously the topic of race is triggering for you as you seem to become deeply offended easily on this topic area and I can understand that as poisonous racist ideologies have caused much suffering. But that does not give you the right to personally attack me as a racist, which is ridiculous as my girlfriend is mixed race and this has no bearing on how I view her. She is simply a fellow human being of the woman variety lol. Any real racist would hate my views I have posted here. They would probably call me (simply for mentioning certain reliable sources) a Jew lover, white race traitor (for having a mixed race girlfriend and for saying whites have some flawed Neanderthal DNA), I dunno. Maybe because I follow reliable sources and they are conflicting and sometimes offensive to everyone, on some level, and that means they don’t make any “side” happy. But I still oppose this RfC because Wikipedia is WP:NOTCENSORED. Cheers.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 02:55, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Oh, jesus. That's some real Curse of Ham bullshit right there. Learn the provenance of your racial pseudoscience beliefs. jps (talk) 11:04, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

But, jps, he has black friends! --JBL (talk) 21:22, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

If the RfC question was reversed to label socio-environmental explanations for lower IQ scores of those of sub saharran African heritage fringe I would oppose that RfC question just as strongly. I actually wish the datasets of IQ scores of African Americans scoring lower than other racial groups were different and instead found they scored the same as other racial groups; this is because it is distasteful but Wikipedia is WP:NOTCENSORED. Also, I have been on Wikipedia for many years and I have made zero edits to any article related to race because the subject matter has little interest to me, I just saw an AfD “advertised” on Wikipedia and joined the discussion. So your attempt to discredit my no vote as being that of a racially conflicted editor just falls flat on its face. The reality is that I just voted differently than you and you do not like that, you should stop attacking/harassing editors who voted differently. Also if, as I suspect this RfC — if it passes — will do, genetic contribution to racial gaps in intelligence is briefly ridiculed in the article as being “fringe” without any hard science to back that position up before being excluded from the article then a significant percentage of our readers will smell a rat that the article is biased and will then search out other sources of information which could lead them to white supremacist websites so I think the effort, although well intentioned, is self-defeating. Personally I do not know the scientific reason for the IQ gap and will wait for research, both genetic and socio-environmental, to advance to the point of conclusion before I have an opinion on that.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 22:10, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Is this the first time that someone has argued that we need to incorporate the views of white supremacists onto Wikipedia, because otherwise people looking for the white supremacist viewpoint might be forced to go find some white supremacists to ask? --JBL (talk) 23:05, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

On the contrary, white supremacist viewpoints are horse shit paranoia about antisemitic world conspiracies and they grossly pervert the academic literature on race and intelligence and other matters, their propaganda websites and views reflect nothing like the NPOV, WEIGHT, RS approach I am suggesting. Wikipedia does a good but imperfect job of summarising reliable sources on the matter. And I have clearly, in this RfC, provided references that whites have increased risk of mental health problems compared to sub Saharan Africans, so I can assure you I do not subscribe to white supremacy. There are many “blacks” and people of other racial groups who are smarter and better people than me and I judge people on an individual level and oppose racial discrimination. Please don’t twist my words out of context. To be clear, I do not want readers reading a false scientific consensus, or cherry picked poor quality sources on white supremacist sites and I do not want them getting sucked into the evil world of antisemitism. I have voted no and I am not going to be bullied or bludgeoned into changing my vote, you should accept that and move on. Cheers.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 23:27, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

• Yes per nom. --JBL (talk) 14:13, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

• Yes as:
  • the concept of "race" is a failed hypothesis that has never been able to give a clear and consistent definition of how exactly to tell if two people belong to different "races", which makes any IQ-race correlation study an exercise in random criteria, such as what the government thinks about your skin color,
  • sciences are supposed to be consilient with each other, and this "races differ in IQ" stuff contradicts what anthropology and genetics say about races - Africans are genetically more different from each other than from the rest of humanity,
  • nobody has been able to give any evidence refuting economic and/or cultural explanations for differing IQ scores. There is only handwaving. --Hob Gadling (talk) 16:01, 28 March 2020 (UTC)
• Yes - not only is it fringe that there are "genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines", it is fringe that 'racial lines' exist at all in any genetic sense, as opposed to as a societal construct (or rather, a range of distinct constructs among different cultures). Agricolae (talk) 20:26, 28 March 2020 (UTC)
• No. Let's examine the basis for most of the "yes" votes. There are basically two separate arguments being made here.

First, some editors are arguing that it is not possible for "race" to have a genetic correlation with intelligence or any other trait, because race is a sociological construct and has no genetic meaning. One person went so far as to claim [14] that the entire race and genetics article, which is extremely well-sourced, is a "fringe article". In response, other editors have cited studies such as Huang et al. that identified the actual genetic differences between European, Asian, African, and Native American populations. It's known that these genetic differences between continental groups affect not only superficial traits such as skin color, but also differences in brain anatomy (see Fan et al. 2015). However, it isn't yet known what effect these differences in brain anatomy might have on cognitive ability.

Whenever this has been pointed out, the "yes" voters have shifted to a second argument, [15] which is that a genetic basis for the observed group differences in average IQ scores is possible, but the idea is fringe because it has almost no support in mainstream psychology or genetics. However, the sources that most directly examine this idea's level of support suggest the opposite. Aside from the survey of cognitive psychologists that a few others have linked to, the matter is discussed in this article:

The intent behind these phrases seems meant to make it seem as if (Charles) Murray’s perspectives place him on the edges of the scientific community with regards to genetic science. Yet simply observing the fact that people with fairly unimpeachable scientific reputations such as Richard Haier (Professor Emeritus in the Pediatric Neurology Division at UCI and editor-in-chief of the esteemed scientific journal Intelligence), cognitive psychologist Steven Pinker, geneticist David Reich, Harris himself and many others have either defended Murray directly or defended essentially comparable points of view would seem to belie this impression rather blatantly.

Richard Haier, Steven Pinker, David Reich, and Sam Harris all are respected, prominent figures in psychology, neuroscience and genetics. So the second argument, that this idea has no significant support, clearly is not true either. The repeated shifting back and forth between these two arguments has made the discussion in this RFC progress in a cyclic fashion. This probably is happening because the discussion here has become too long for one person to easily read all of it. Sinuthius (talk) 09:08, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

— Sinuthius (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. —JBL (talk) 12:31, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

"Genetic differences between continental groups" - sounds to me like the article should be geography and genetics, rather than race and genetics. Agricolae (talk) 13:15, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

Agricolae, Depends where you are. In my country of New Zealand it is fairly important because Maori people have higher instances of breast cancer,[16] among other things. Not all 'races' are controversial. Some are pretty damned closely correlated with geographic isolation (e.g. Pacifika Peoples). People are just too focused on Black vs. White in the USA to see the forest for the trees. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 19:59, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

Yet go somewhere else and those same Maoris just got lumped together as 'coloureds' with Pakistanis, Chinese, first-generation African/Euro mixed people and long-mixed Cape Coloureds - race is very much in the eye of the beholder (and the beheld). Something similar to what you describe is seen in the United States where genetic studies have suggested that African Americans have higher hypertension due to the legacy of slavery, yet the definition of African-Americans includes everything from the full-blooded descendants of slaves to people who have very little slave ancestry but identify as African-American, to immigrant naturalized NBA players who come from a background with no slavery, to the son of a mixed marriage between a 'white' mother from Kansas and a father from Kenya. It would exclude any slave descendants whose ancestors managed to 'pass' as white, or who based on also having a Native American ancestor are registered member of the Cherokee tribe, or belong to one of the so-called Tri-Racial Isolate populations, some of which call themselves white, and some Indian, but almost none self-identify as African American even though many of them have as high as 50% 'black' slave ancestry. The use of race in this instance is at best a piss-poor proxy (or a lazy approximation) for the question they really want to ask. I am not saying that all humans are genetically uniform, that there were not historical populations that developed phenotypes specific to their groups, just that in generalizing about 'race' rather than addressing the specific populations in question, one takes it out of the realm of science and into a quagmire of conflicting social definitions that bear little relevance to actual genetics. Agricolae (talk) 21:19, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

Agricolae, what’s your point? This RFC would treat Maori the same as the I’ll defined “African American”. My point remains the same: the RFC is too broad in scope; attempting to tar all population-intelligence research with the same brush. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 00:27, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Yes, the RfC is not just about white supremacy in the US. If an author claimed that Maori people are genetically inferior to white New Zealanders in intelligence, that would also be fringe. That does not mean that the RfC is "too broad." NightHeron (talk) 00:50, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, And yet, you miss the point again. Being hyperbolic and always pulling out the most extreme idiots and calling them fringe doesn't illustrate where you should draw the line at what is fringe and what isn't. That's the problem with this RfC. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 05:45, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Insertcleverphrasehere: You're repeating the same illogical claim. The RfC says where to draw the line. A claim that there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines is fringe; a discussion of the subject that does not make that claim is not fringe. There are plenty of precedents on Wikipedia for what this RfC proposes -- climate change denial, creationism/intelligent design, homeopathy, etc. Why are you trying to make a straightforward proposal seem complicated and "too broad"? NightHeron (talk) 11:10, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, It's not illogical; I'll try to explain. One of my bachelors degrees is in evolutionary biology, which certainly doesn't make me an expert but does give me a little insight.

Human populations are not monolithic, there is variation between subgroups. Societal defined 'races' are sometimes correlated with these subgroup populations. This may be less true for some 'races' and more true for others and some races might not be 'real', but others are. Aboriginal Australians for example were more or less isolated from the rest of human population for a very long time.

Intelligence is based in heritable traits. This isn't up for debate. There will be a lot of genes involved, but it is obviously heritable. In any heritable trait, there is variation within a population. No two subgroups within the overall population are the same, right down to the individual level. This is basic genetics.

There is ZERO reason to assume that any two sub populations that have had ANY amount of isolation should have the exact same amount of any inheritable trait. In fact, basic statistics indicates that it would be virtually impossible for that to be the case. It might be a few points, or 10, or whatever, and it might be really hard to measure but it will be there.

The basic principles above lead to an obvious conclusion, and it's the one you are trying to label 'fringe'. Your argument is the one that doesn't make sense, and that's why so many researchers in the field, when polled, say that there is obviously going to be a genetic component to the observed intelligence differences between sub-populations amongst humans (and yes, sometimes that correlates with a societal 'race'). — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 22:08, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

You are generally a good editor, but please stop embarrassing yourself. --JBL (talk) 22:24, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Joel B. Lewis, Excuse me? What kind of response is that? Be civil. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 23:27, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Insertcleverphrasehere, thanks for explaining your point, since that allows me to pinpoint what's illogical. Two things. (1) First, you're confusing individual differences with group differences. Individual differences in cows' adult heights are largely hereditary; but if a group of cows is randomly divided into two subgroups at birth, and one subgroup is fed well and the other poorly, then the two subgroups will differ in average adult height for purely environmental reasons. (2) For simplicity, let's put aside the question of whether or not racial divisions have a significant biological as opposed to socio-political basis. Let's also put aside the question of how to measure intelligence, which is a subjective, nebulous, and multifaceted concept. Let's even grant that it's theoretically possible that -- whatever races are, whatever intelligence is, and whatever genes might some day be found that relate to intelligence -- it could turn out that there's a statistically significant difference between the average number of "intelligence genes" possessed by a Maori and by a white New Zealander. There is ZERO scientific evidence that this is the case, and there is also ZERO scientific evidence that if it were the case, the difference would be to the advantage of white New Zealanders over the Maori people rather than the reverse. For this reason, any claim of racial inferiority in intelligence genes of Maori people (or of African Americans or of any other race) is fringe. An analogy I've mentioned before is that it is theoretically possible that there have been kidnappings of humans by extraterrestrial aliens who proceeded to perform sexual experiments on them. But since there is ZERO scientific evidence for that, such a claim is fringe. NightHeron (talk) 23:35, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, My point was that there are legitimate scientific reasons to believe that genetics play at least some role, and that is why some scientists say what they say when pressed. The study cited above (Rindermann et al. 2016) looking at researchers in the field is fairly clear. The community of experts in the field of intelligence research don't agree with what you say above. If the scientists that research this have a significant number among them that have this supposedly "fringe" viewpoint, how exactly is it fringe? You can't just say something is so when the people who actually study this stuff are divided. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 23:40, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

At the beginning of the RfC I gave several sources for the scientific mainstream view. There are "experts" who reject the mainstream view and publish in journals such as Intelligence and Mankind Quarterly and on rare occasion in reputable places. (Analogous statements can be made for "experts" who deny anthropogenic climate change, or support homeopathy, or extrasensory perception, or facilitated communication.) Earlier I pointed out that Rindermann has a very strong POV, having published frequently in the overtly white supremacist Mankind Quarterly, so his "survey" is completely unreliable. NightHeron (talk) 00:08, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, You say it, so it must be true! I've also already pointed out that using the association fallacy is an inappropriate way to qualify sources as unreliable. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 00:15, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

No, Wikipedia says it in the first sentence of the article Mankind Quarterly, giving 4 sources: Mankind Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal that has been described as a "cornerstone of the scientific racism establishment", a "white supremacist journal", an "infamous racist journal", and "scientific racism's keepers of the flame". NightHeron (talk) 00:24, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, As soon as you can show me a source that says all that stuff about Rindermann himself, or about something he wrote, rather than just a journal he has been published in/associated with, then I'll start taking you seriously... otherwise you are just repeating the same fallacy. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 09:30, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Why are you passionately defending Rindermann? He not only is a frequent contributor to Mankind Quarterly (from his BLP), but also organized conferences for the International Society for Intelligence Research, which, according to the New Statesman, "promotes racist pseudo-science." He is apparently quite a hero to Europe-based anti-immigrant groups. Doesn't that at all cause you to doubt the reliability of his "survey"? NightHeron (talk) 11:57, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Because you are trying to disqualify a source that you just don't like based on logical fallacies? You've made statements that are unambiguous BLP violations about this guy, and when pressed to find a source that describes him the way you have, you came up empty. I personally don't tar and feather people because of associations they have, but based on the content of their work, and what they say. I've read some of Rindermann's work since this RfC began (including the study to which we have been referring, and while I can't speak for all of his work, I haven't yet seen anything objectionable. You are essentially saying that the guy is guilty by association, but that isn't an argument that holds up to scrutiny. I'm merely pointing that out. If you have a better study looking into the same thing, I'd be glad to see it; until then, it seems the best source of data on how experts in the field view the particular question this RfC asks, and it doesn't support the RfC's proposal. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 02:54, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

If someone is a frequent contributor to a leftist pro-communist journal, would you trust him to conduct a reliable survey about attitudes toward communism and socialism? If someone is a frequent contributor to an anti-abortion publication, would you trust him to conduct a reliable survey about attitudes toward abortion? My point is that Rindermann is biased. The fact that in your own personal reading of Rindermann you find nothing objectionable -- just as you personally don't consider the view that some races are genetically inferior to others in intelligence to be beyond the pale -- is irrelevant, per WP:OR. NightHeron (talk) 12:28, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, Everyone has a POV. Just because you have a POV does not mean that you can't create unbiased research. Like I said; find a source that says the stuff about Rindermann that you claim (including this accusation of bias in his research). Until then it is the best source we have. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 19:53, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Everyone has a POV. But not everyone would publish in a white supremacist journal. In fact, a reputable scholar wouldn't write for such a disreputable rag, let alone be a frequent contributor to Mankind Quarterly (from Rindermann's BLP). NightHeron (talk) 20:07, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Since you've decided to make this personal, essentially making an implication of racism in the process, I'll make myself clear. This paper by Nathan Cofnas roughly sums up my views on research in this field. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 20:01, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Intellectual dark web bullshit. Shameful really. Nice impact factor, guy. jps (talk) 00:56, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Not sure how many citations you expect a paper published this year to have, but whatever. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 07:54, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Did I hurt your feelings? Impact factors apply to journals, not to papers. Now take several seats. jps (talk) 11:01, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Something that's worth mentioning here is that the results of Rindermann et al's recent survey are similar to the results of the earlier survey of expert opinion by Snyderman and Rothman, including the earlier survey's question about the causes of the black/white IQ gap. Of the experts surveyed by Snyderman and Rothman, 15% expressed the view that the gap was entirely due to environmental factors, 45% said that the gap was due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, 1% said that the gap was entirely due to genetics, 24% said that there were insufficient data to reach a conclusion, and 14% did not respond to the question. This other survey is from thirty years ago, so taken by itself it isn't a particularly good measure of expert opinion in the present. But the fact that Rindermann et al's recent results are consistent with the results of the earlier survey (with a plurality of experts expressing the view that the gap is due to both environment and genetics) is evidence that Rindermann et al. reported their results accurately. 2600:1004:B16E:6D44:D3B:36CE:1C4F:5B84 (talk) 06:31, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, Here is a hypothetical question: If a researcher in the field said "Based on the results of Studies X, Y, and Z, at least some of the observed intelligence differences between group A and Group B are likely genetic." Would that be fringe? Because your RfC would say that it is. And a lot of researchers and experts in the field have made statements exactly like this. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 23:51, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

If Group A and Group B are races, yes. That's what the RfC proposal says. NightHeron (talk) 00:08, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

NightHeron, And I'm not "confusing individual differences with group differences". I'm not going to try to explain a semester worth of population dynamics university classes on a message board, but suffice it to say that your example comparing two random samplings of one population does not explain away what I said... at all. — Insertcleverphrasehere ^{(or here)}_{(click me!)} 00:01, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

This seems like exactly the opposite of what it does: it's narrowly focused on a particular claim that is problematic for precisely the reasons that Agricolae lays out. --JBL (talk) 00:42, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

This RfC is most certainly not about "all population-intelligence research", it is specifically about race-intelligence genetic research, which is a subtle difference but an important one, because different cultures draw different division lines when defining race such that there is no consistent scientific definition that has any genetic coherence. A grouping that clusters people more genetically different than that same group excludes - and most cultures' definitions of race do this to a greater or lesser extent - makes the whole concept of race not a genetic one, and looking for genetic links between intelligence and a variable cultural construct is well outside standard science. It is like investigating the genetics of 'yucky', a term so poorly defined and culturally variable as to have no scientific value. Defining races amounts to each culture drawing different arbitrary lines across the spectrum of human genetic diversity, creating arbitrary and scientifically invalid groupings that differ depending on whom you ask. Agricolae (talk) 02:06, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

The hereditarian hypothesis about race and intelligence is that genetic factors contribute to the measured variance in average IQ across racial groups. That's the hypothesis that people such as Jensen, Murray, Gottfredson, etc. have argued for, and the hypothesis that NightHeron is trying to classify as "fringe".

This hypothesis can be true or not true regardless of whether racial groups are "arbitrary lines across the spectrum of human genetic diversity". The only thing that's necessary is for racial groups to have some correlation with geographically based genetic variation. (And the race and genetics article makes it very clear that they do.) If geographically based populations differ in average cognitive ability, and cultural conceptions of race are in turn correlated with geographically based genetic variation, then it's inevitable that this geographically-based variation in cognitive ability would have some effect on the measured differences between culturally defined "races". No one is arguing that socially defined racial categories themselves affect cognitive ability; that argument is a strawman. This principle is explained in pages 408-410 of Earl Hunt's textbook. --AndewNguyen (talk) 07:28, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Note it is cultural concepts of race, not concept - and that is an important distinction. One of the basic principles of science is that it is absolute, in the sense that it doesn't give you a different result to the same experiment depending on what country the scientist happens to live in. That makes a concept defined differently everywhere you go a non-scientific categorization, and its use for science fringe. One could theoretically get around this by independently defining the 'race' groupings based on a set of ostensibly unambiguous criteria that would recapitulate the grouping without explicitly using race, per se, but anyone who tried to match a cultural race conception with all of its quirks would get their paper bounced for its arbitrariness. You might as well look for a genetic correlation with 'people who live in ugly houses'. And I am just going to go ahead and say it - much of the research on the core question of the genetics of intelligence in humans (independent of race) is itself on shaky ground, because of significant barriers to separate out 'nurture' effects, and the use of biased intelligence measures and proxies for intelligence that are of dubious value. To then use this already-fraught field as a basis for comparison to something so interculturally subjective and ambiguous as race? I don't know what you call it, but that ain't science. Agricolae (talk) 00:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

The current direction of research about race and intelligence has been to separate the ambiguous social definition of "race" from the underlying genetic variation. One of the most recent studies in this area, Lasker et al. 2019, is a typical example. This study found that when people's racial identity is statistically controlled for, IQ correlates with geographic ancestry as measured with genetic tests. Then, it calculated what portion of the difference in average scores between "races" can be accounted for by this genetic variation. The concept of this study had been formerly proposed by Rowe 2005 in American Psychologist, the American Psychological Association's flagship journal. So while the Lasker study may seem to itself be a minor primary source, the underlying concept of such a study is quite mainstream.

You aren't raising any objections here that researchers in this field haven't already thought of and taken into account. This represents one of the downsides of basing a judgement about what is or isn't "real science" on a poll of Wikipedia editors, most of whom haven't studied the literature in question. AndewNguyen (talk) 05:42, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

There's a more recent review. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 06:11, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

User:Levivich The abstract to which you refer concludes the following: “Specifically, we tested a hypothesis predicting an interaction whereby those racial and ethnic groups living in relatively disadvantaged environments display lower heritability and higher environmentality. The reasoning behind this prediction is that people (or groups of people) raised in poor environments may not be able to realize their full genetic potentials. We found that White, Black, and Hispanic heritabilities were consistently moderate to high, and that these heritabilities did not differ across groups. At least in the United States, Race/Ethnicity × Heritability interactions likely do not exist.” How does concluding that living in a “relatively disadvantaged environment” does NOT affect the heritability of I.Q. (at least in the USA) prove your point???2600:1012:B009:B8C7:B91D:A6C2:405C:8300 (talk) 01:33, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

This IP-editor is making a common mistake, namely, confusing heritability among individuals with genetic differences between groups. As I said earlier when another "no"-voter made the same mistake, Individual differences in cows' adult heights are largely hereditary; but if a group of cows is randomly divided into two subgroups at birth, and one subgroup is fed well and the other poorly, then the two subgroups will differ in average adult height for purely environmental reasons. Investigators might find that the adult heights of individual cows in the poorly-fed group varies because of individual genetic variation as much as those in the well-fed group. But still the difference in average heights between the two groups would be explained by the difference in how the two groups were fed and would have nothing to do with heritability. NightHeron (talk) 01:54, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

• No - too broad a stroke for “pseudo” Seems invalid RFC. It is too broadly proposed labelling any claim of genetic differences and intelligence by race as fringe or false science. That conflates science with simple statistics, and even within science that has just been untrue - reputable science actually has investigated such for some time. There has been ongoing debate about such as The Bell Curve, but the topic seems more to have a broad range of good non-science facts, good science, poor science, and bad non-science junk. Accusations of ‘racist’ or ‘pseudoscience’ occasionally get thrown on specific items or people, and validly so, but portraying that onto the topic as a whole is too broad a stroke. There doesn’t seem to be a seeking here for authoritative scientific body or philosophy view here - just notes that some criticisms exist from SPLC and others. Mostly it seems there are no commonly accepted/acceptable objective measure for ‘intelligence’ or ‘race’ in the fields of biology, sociology, or anthropology. Scientists would obviously not say there is no genetic component or that differences do not exist between any groupings, nor that individuals vary and environment matters. Statistically, IQ differences by declared race are a simple if PC-inconvenient fact. I don’t see a scientific body declaration - I only see the AAA expressed concern over public misunderstandings, and Nature that "sound scientific evidence" is misused by some. (And says "This is not a new phenomenon.") As to the laundry list of authors ... declaring the whole list as categorically so seems a procedural oops. Pursue individual works or a specific person — but a whole list and a whole topic approach is factually ‘Not so’ and too broad a stroke. Cheers Markbassett (talk) 20:24, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

• Yes. Being skeptical doesn't mean being a sucker for false balance - I see a lot of of good-faith comments looking for subtlety and nuance in this. It sure looks like this attempt at nuance is being taken advantage of by advocates of a fringe perspective. If genetics is a pair of tweezers, biological racialism is a sledge-hammer. Racialism is itself pseudoscience, so any application of this premise is GIGO. Assuming that it has some biological validity is giving these ideas far, far more credibility than is supportable. Just because something can be framed in a way that gives it legitimacy, doesn't mean that it isn't pure fringe. "Race" does correlate with "intelligence" by some metrics, but that's meaningless, because these categories are poorly defined and constantly shifting. That's the beating heart-and-soul of pseudoscience.

We already have a (bad) article on nations and intelligence. Any attempt to lump "populations" and "intelligence" together based on some criteria beyond "race" will need to be evaluated on its own merits. Conflating "race" with "populations" is sloppy at best and euphemistic at worst. Grayfell (talk) 23:32, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

• Yes. Away with the apologetics ~ cygnis insignis 16:14, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
• No per AndrewNguyen. Respect high-quality sources. Loksmythe (talk) 15:23, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
• No per AndrewNguyen and Sinuthius (re: Richard Haier, Steven Pinker, David Reich, and Sam Harris). Jweiss11 (talk) 15:55, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
• No per Literaturegeek, AndrewNguyen, Sinthius, and Mark Basset. Research about the genetic origins of group differences (“race” being one such group) and various physiological traits is certainly not fringe. In fact the “blank slate” or “environmentalist” view has been increasingly disproven thanks to the Human Genome Project and other scientific advances. Wikipedia is not censored, even if certain mainstream ideas or facts make people uncomfortable. Additionally, this is far too broad of an RFC. 2600:1012:B009:B8C7:B91D:A6C2:405C:8300 (talk) 23:59, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Comment It is utterly absurd to describe as mainstream the belief that there are genetic differences in intelligence along racial lines, with some races being inferior to others. A "no"-vote concerns that notion and has nothing to do with the Human Genome Project. The outlandish claim in this IP-editor's argument against the RfC shows their strong POV on this topic. NightHeron (talk) 00:29, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

My statement was: “Research about the genetic origins of group differences (“race” being one such group) and various physiological traits is certainly not fringe.” There is nothing “outlandish” or “POV” about such a statement. My only POV in this discussion is that to claim genetic differences (yes, including I.Q.) exists between populations (as they are variously defined) is not a fringe viewpoint. 2600:1012:B009:B8C7:B91D:A6C2:405C:8300 (talk) 01:33, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Yogic Flying is defined as sitting in a lotus position plus: either flying by mental force of meditation, or hopping and getting photographed while in the air. The latter is a real thing, the former is not. So, you can say "Yogic Flying is a Real Thing". Same with "Research about the genetic origins of group differences" - it has a "real thing" component and a "not real thing" component (the racial part). This discussion is about the "not real thing" part, not the other one. That is why your No missed the point. --Hob Gadling (talk) 09:15, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Gottfredson

In response to Valeree's comment above about Gottfredson:

• Though Google Scholar cites are imperfect, they are one measure of scholarly impact. Linda Gottfredson has been published recently, but her recent intelligence work has few GS cites
• Other published works (with more GS cites than Gottfredson's recent work) classify her work as "scientific racism" or similar:

Sources and quotes

2001 Leonard Lieberman, "How 'Caucasoids' Got Such Big Crania and Why They Shrank", Current Anthropology (PDF) (91 GS cites): As the 20th century reached its end, a paradox emerged in which, while most anthropologists had come to reject concepts of biological races and racism (Lieberman and Kirk n.d., Lieberman, Stevenson, and Reynolds 1989), a number of psychologists persisted in the 'race' idea and the 'scientific' racism that had prevailed in the 19th and much of the 20th century (Herrnstein and Murray 1994; Lynn 1977a, b; Rushton 1988b). Mentions Gottfredson among other hereditarians in a section called New hierarchy, old racism: Late in the 20th century, surprisingly, some psychologists began to report that 'Mongoloids' outranked 'Caucasoids.' ... These psychologists whose work has seemed to some readers to validate the “racial” hierarchy (R. Travis Osborne, Clyde E. Noble, Arthur R. Jensen, Audrey M. Shuey, Richard Lynn, Linda Gottfredson, and Richard J. Herrnstein) have relied primarily on IQ tests ... 2014 Robert Wald Sussman, The Myth of Race, Harvard University Press (172 GS cites): (bold added) Gottfredson believes that socioeconomic inequality between races is the expected outcome of the lower intelligence of African Americans and that much current liberal social policy is based on the fraudulent claims of scientists who refuse to acknowledge that intellectual inferiority ... It is too bad that, like many of her colleagues, Gottfredson does not understand that there is no simple, unitary measure of intelligence; that measure of intelligence are greatly influenced by education and culture; and that almost all competent biologists, anthropologists, and geneticists now agree that biological races do not exist among humans. 2016 David Gillborn, "Softly, softly: genetics, intelligence and the hidden racism of the new geneism", Journal of Education Policy (Google cache) (58 GS cites): Why write a paper about racism and genetics in the second decade of the Twenty-First century? Surely arguments about race, intelligence and genetics are dead and buried? ... Until recently many in the field of behavioural genetics have been far less reticent about airing their views. The Bell Curve (Herrnstein & Murray, 1994) is the most famous, but by no means the only, example of such work (see Eysenck, 1971; Gottfredson, 1986; Jensen, 1969;Lynn, 1991 & 2001; Rushton, 1997). This paper shows how, in recent years, a softly softly approach (that avoids explicit reference to race) has become more common. I argue that this inexplicitness should not be mistaken for an absence of racialized thinking and does not signal that the current work is free from possible racist consequences. Indeed, if anything, the new softly softly version of hereditarianism may be even more dangerous than the outspoken version of earlier periods. The rules of racial standing, combined with the absence of explicit racial language in the new geneism, render any antiracist critique as automatically suspect and unscientific. In this way the space for serious race-critical debate is closed down. This tactic is frequently deployed by authors who wish to stress a powerful genetic basis for race inequalities in education and the economy. Linda S. Gottfredson (Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of Delaware), for example, has devoted an entire paper to defending the work and character of J. Philippe Rushton – one of the most outspoken and controversial of the race/IQ hereditarian authors. The fate of the Nobel prize-winner James Watson is especially important here. In 2007 Watson said in simple and clear terms what writers like Eysenck, Jensen, Lynn, Rushton, and Gottfredson have suggested many times. Watson’s subsequent fall from grace was swift, comprehensive and decisive ... The hereditarians have not changed their mind about race and intelligence – they just don’t broadcast it anymore. Neither Robert Plomin nor Linda Gottfredson have repudiated their earlier statements of support for The Bell Curve and its view of race inequity as reflective of the deeper genetic patterning of intelligence (so proudly set out as ‘mainstream science’ in the Wall Street Journal in 1994). Their more recently produced reader-friendly accounts of intelligence and genetic heritability (Asbury & Plomin, 2013; Gottfredson, 2011) adopt a discourse of racial inexplicitness that hints at past controversies but never addresses race directly and portrays their critics as driven by ideology and/or emotion. The racist patterning of differential educational opportunity and achievement, that is encoded in their views, lies buried in the small-print, hidden from the view of the general reader. The new geneism is no less racially conceived, and no less racist in its likely consequences, than the more familiar explicit scientific racism of The Bell Curve; but the colorblind façade repackages centuries old stereotypes in shiny new DNA-patterned bundles. Critical educators must quickly adapt to, and interrupt, this version or else we may find that scientific racism has reshaped our education systems without even mentioning race.

• Southern Poverty Law Center (listed at WP:RSP as green but a biased and opinionated source) lists her as an "extremist": Following a long tradition of scientific racism, Gottfredson argues that racial inequality, especially in employment, is the direct result of genetic racial differences in intelligence. (Note: SPLC wrote an article in 2018 about this WP article [17]).
• Media Matters (listed at WP:RSP as yellow and a biased and opinionated source) goes further: Gottfredson is a well-known white nationalist who has received funding from the Pioneer Fund.
• In 2018 she had a keynote cancelled following letters of complaint. [18] Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 21:54, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
  • The David Gillborn paper you've quoted in the hidden section above is quite interesting. It is a paper written by a professor of Critical Race Theory, criticizing the fact that some extremely prominent individuals in the field of psychology and human genetics, including Hans Eysenck, Robert Plomin, and James Watson, have directly or indirectly advocated the hereditarian perspective about race and intelligence. Most of the researchers criticized in Gillborn's paper are far more qualified to make judgments in this area than Gillborn is. Are you sure this paper supports the argument that you are trying to make about what is "fringe" here, and what isn't? 2600:1004:B117:F3CA:3174:A036:DA02:381C (talk) 22:09, 18 March 2020 (UTC)
    • For my part, yes, I'm sure that critical race theory has mainstream acceptance, whereas hereditarian race theories do not. For example, see last year's AAPA Statement on Race & Racism: The concept of race has developed hand-in-hand with racist ideologies over the last five centuries, and biological anthropology has played an important role in the creation and perpetuation of both the race concept and racist ideologies. Racist political doctrines should not receive support from scientific endeavors, but in practice racism has been co-constructed with inaccurate depictions of human variation provided by scientists. Over our history, the AAPA, and many of its members, have been complicit in producing and reifying racist ideologies via the misuse, falsification, or biased production of scientific information ... We acknowledge that outdated and inaccurate ideas about race, and racism, still inform scientific research today, and are sometimes embedded in what otherwise appears to be “modern,” technologically-advanced science. We stand against such practices ... We offer this statement as a baseline for what we know about race and racism in order to help us do better science and better convey what we know about human biological variation to broader audiences ... Racial categories do not provide an accurate picture of human biological variation. Variation exists within and among populations across the planet, and groups of individuals can be differentiated by patterns of similarity and difference, but these patterns do not align with socially-defined racial groups (such as whites and blacks) or continentally-defined geographic clusters (such as Africans, Asians, and Europeans) ... genetic variability within and among human groups does not follow racial lines ... Like human genetic variation, phenotypic variation in our species does not follow racial lines. Race constitutes an arbitrary and artificial division of continuous variation, and thus does not provide an accurate representation of human phenotypic variation or population similarities and differences ... The belief in “races” as natural aspects of human biology, and the structures of inequality (racism) that emerge from such beliefs, are among the most damaging elements in the human experience both today and in the past. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 22:41, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

References

Let me tell you how this ends

It's clear Wikipedia is being overrun with intellectual dark web bobbleheads who are getting titillated by some really poor scholarship masquerading as "free speech". I have also uncovered some off-wiki WP:CANVASSing that has occurred pointing to this RfC. Guess who is orchestrating it? I'll give you a hint, it's not the critical race theorists. Know where I've seen this plot before? Climate change circa ten years ago. I predict an omnibus arbcom with some very upset "free speech" advocates at the end of it. I'm sure we haven't seen the last of the WP:CRYBLP crowd either, what with the racism and all. jps (talk) 01:01, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

jps, Do you believe it’s possible there are genetic differences between different populations? Whether it’s arm length or visual acuity or whatever? My point is rather than framing this as a left/right thing or a “free speech” issue (which has become tiresome for all of us at this point I’d imagine). Why not just examine the science behind it? Why make it a political issue? 2600:1012:B009:B8C7:B91D:A6C2:405C:8300 (talk) 02:49, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

There are genetic differences between you and me, and I have no idea nor do I care what shade of pinkish or brownish your skin is. And I'm sorry, but this has been a political issue for a couple of centuries. HiLo48 (talk) 02:54, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

WP:RGW HiLo48 is precisely right. That this is being treated as a political football by the IP and other intellectual dark web cheerleaders is one thing. That we also know the so-called "science" behind it is being promoted by racists and eugenicists is quite another. No matter. Wikipedia is not going to cut the Gordion's Knot according to the wishes of some IP user who is a likely sockpuppet. jps (talk) 10:59, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Is it the same racist and eugenic supporting researchers who are promoting the intellectual superiority/inferiority (racism/“breedism”) amongst different breeds/races of birds and dogs: dog intelligence and bird intelligence? I actually just stumbled across this like just now as I wondered if this research angle only applied to humans or if research had been carried out into to animals as well. Seems this research angle carries over into the animal kingdom.

As for all of the canvassed editors, they should post back to the people in their group, where they were canvassed from, that these conversations and votes here are not a democratic vote, it is more the quality of the arguments that carry an RfC, vote numbers are secondary to this, and the numerical total will have canvassed editors deducted from the total anyway, so they (canvassed editors) are mostly wasting their time unless they point out some policy violation that no one else mentioned, which is very unlikely in a well attended RfC. So please stop coming here.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 11:21, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

I mean, the history of animal breeds is tied up in the history of eugenics, absolutely. [19] jps (talk) 19:24, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

The matter of dog intelligence and bird intelligence involves the same seemingly impossible issue of defining intelligence itself. It seems we often define as the most intelligent those dogs who do exactly what some human tells them. If we had a human who was totally obedient to others, we would call them intelligent. HiLo48 (talk) 21:44, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Discussion of appropriateness of proposed/solicited closing of this RfC

@SilkTork: Please reconsider whether it's appropriate for you to close this RfC. You were canvassed on User talk:SilkTork by an IP-editor who has been extremely active both in the RfC discussion and in related discussions concerning AfD and DRV for Race and intelligence. Presumably that IP-editor asked you to close this RfC because they thought you would close it in line with their no-vote. Since I have not examined your editing history (except to confirm my memory that you overturned the initial closure on Race and intelligence and to follow the link to the cited earlier discussion on your user-page with the same IP-editor), I do not know one way or the other whether the IP-editor is correct in singling you out for canvassing as an admin who's sympathetic to their POV. Perhaps it was this comment [20] of yours that convinced the IP-editor to solicit you to close the RfC.

I'm concerned that on your user-page the IP-editor made an unjustified accusation of a BLP violation on my part. The same IP-editor recently made a similar accusation against me on the user-page of another admin, Barkeep49, who'd also been involved in the AfD/DRV. After I learned of the accusation by chance, I was able to defend myself, and nothing came of it. But I do not appreciate this IP-editor's practice of accusing me of misconduct behind my back on admins' user-pages. In addition, under the guise of asking naive questions on admins' user-pages, this IP-editor seems to have the habit of sounding out admins in search of one who seems sympathetic to their arguments. This also allows a side discussion to take place without the participation of editors who have disputed the IP-editor's extreme POV (those editors are not pinged and do not routinely watchlist admins' user-pages). Thus, the side discussion enables one side of the debate to try to sway an admin who then has the power to close a contentious RfC/AfD/DRV and perhaps also take punitive action against an opponent of the IP-editor.

This RfC concerns claims that certain races are genetically inferior to others in intelligence. The WP:FALSEBALANCE that currently exists on Wikipedia, especially in Race and intelligence, gives credence to those views, which are offensive and unsupported by mainstream science. This is an important issue. Because of the highly contentious nature of the discussions and because of the allegations of irregularities (such as off-wiki canvassing, SPAs, sockpuppets), it's clear that the RfC should be closed by an uninvolved, unbiased, and uncanvassed admin -- or, better yet, a committee of admins. That admin or group of admins should evaluate the strength of the arguments (not count votes) and also look into the possible role of off-wiki canvassing, SPAs, sockpuppets, and any other irregularities. Thank you. NightHeron (talk) 13:49, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Thanks for your comment NightHeron. I don't feel biased one way or the other. I tend to respond to requests to close discussions regardless of who asks. But if there is a view that I should step back, then no worries I will step back. Does anyone else feel I am involved or biased? SilkTork (talk) 15:43, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

@SilkTork: Because of how long the discussion here is, and because the vote is nearly tied (22 "yes" vs. 24 "no"), I think it's very important for this RFC to be closed to by admin who's able to carefully read the entire discussion and evaluate the strength of arguments and sources presented in it. As I said in your user talk, I'm looking to avoid a repeat of the situation that happened with Spartaz' initial close of the AFD, in which he does not appear to have read the entire discussion. The reason I asked you in particular is because you're clearly trusted for your ability to evaluate the consensus in complex discussions, and because you had previously offered to close the RFC if requested. I don't know anything about your opinion on this topic, so there's no need to read any further into the reason than the fact that I think that you're the most qualified person to close the RFC, or to participate in the closure if it's to be closed by a panel of multiple admins. 2600:1004:B168:6909:DCB2:E8F5:D7F6:F6BB (talk) 16:13, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

• SilkTork, I don't think you're biased or involved and have no qualms about you being the closer for the RFC. I do think that someone should have a word with the IP about their relentless admin canvassing (I remember when they went to an admin's talk page seeking to have me and others sanctioned during the move request that preceded this RFC). However, admin canvassing is ineffectual when it comes to results. I'm sure the close would be the same regardless of which admin closes it, so if you want to take the time ST, you have my thanks. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 16:59, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

SilkTork, I haven't seen any reason that would disqualify you in terms of WP:INVOLVED. That said, I kind of expect this is going to be hairy no matter where the close goes, so it might be helpful to go the WP:GMORFC route and maybe rope in one or two more admins to help solidify the close and maybe slightly diffuse issues I'm sure those involved in the topic may continue afterwards. Not a big deal to me either way since my involvement was just a quick chime-in, but it's possible it might save you more hassle too. Kingofaces43 (talk) 17:41, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Thanks for the suggestion Kingofaces43. I'm OK closing by myself or as part of a team. I have no particular preference. If two other admins wish to volunteer, that's fine; but if not, that's also fine. SilkTork (talk) 18:03, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

@SilkTork: If there's going to be a team close, it's very important that the other admins on the team be admins who won't allow their assessment of the consensus to be swayed by their personal opinions about how Wikipedia should present this topic. That's even more of a danger in this discussion than it was in the AFD, because the consensus is less clear than it was there. I've seen enough of your judgement in this area to be confident you won't do that, but I don't have that confidence about any randomly selected admin or admins. I suggest the other admins on the team should be selected very carefully with impartiality in mind, or you should handle the closure by yourself (which might be the better option). 2600:1004:B168:6909:DCB2:E8F5:D7F6:F6BB (talk) 19:32, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

2600:1004:B...: seriously, that's not how this works. We do not "select" admin to close. How it works is that volunteers volunteer. It is not appropriate for you to continue to try and influence who closes these discussions by making vague accusations of WP:INVOLVED. If you think an admin has violated WP:INVOLVED or some other policy, post diffs at WP:AN. If you want the RFC to be closed, you can post it at WP:ANRFC. Otherwise, pre-emptively calling for "impartial" admins is not cool, just as going around to various admin's talk pages and asking them to close this or otherwise use their tools is not cool. "Admin shopping" is not cool. Please stop this now. Confine your comments to the content being discussed and don't worry about who closes the RFC. Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 20:15, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

When the AFD outcome was overturned at DRV, there was a lengthy discussion about who should be selected to re-close the AFD. The admins who eventually re-closed it were not random admins who volunteered for the task, they were specifically selected as a blue-ribbon panel. So it's not true that "that's not how this works" - that apparently is how it works, at least some of the time. Perhaps that's only done in highly contentious discussions, but if that's true I think this discussion is contentious enough for something similar to be justified here.

In an earlier discussion in his user talk, about a tangentially related matter, SilkTork previously told me that he would be willing to close this RFC if requested. If it were a problem for me to make this request from SilkTork, I don't believe he would have invited me to request it. I trust his judgement about what's acceptable in this area more than yours, because he does not have any kind of agenda on this article, whereas (judging from your earlier move request) you clearly do. 2600:1004:B168:6909:DCB2:E8F5:D7F6:F6BB (talk) 20:50, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

If we look at the two discussions between the IP-editor and SilkTork (with no one else participating) on SilkTork's user talk-page, we see an example of why it's probably not a good idea for an admin to encourage this type of special pleading by one side in a contentious debate. The IP-editor presented a highly partisan view of what the issue was (for example, citing Rindermann's "surveys" without mentioning that Rindermann is a frequent contributor to the white-supremacist journal Mankind Quarterly, which makes it unlikely that his survey methods were reliable), and in response SilkTork wrote I think what you say makes sense.... This encouraged the IP-editor to return to SilkTork's user-page to continue their distorted presentation of the issues and appeal to SilkTork, as an admin the IP-editor approves of, to close the RfC. As I said before, I am not saying that SilkTork is biased on this issue, since I do not know one way or the other. But I think that both SilkTork and Barkeep49 should not have permitted this type of sneaky behavior by the IP (which included allegations of misconduct against other editors) to go on for so long. NightHeron (talk) 21:53, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

The fact that Rindermann has published papers in Mankind Quarterly was brought up at length in the RSN discussion in February, which was also closed by SilkTork, and the first sentence of SilkTork's closure summary indirectly alludes to that fact. How could he possibly have not been already aware of this? 2600:1004:B15D:51C4:592D:C5A2:4AA3:E41F (talk) 22:23, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

There is no rule that says that closing admins can't have personal opinions. For example, if some Wikipedia pages started to give a false balance between proposed fake cures for COVID-19 and the scientists who debunked them, it would be just a natural human reaction to be disgusted by the dangerous quackery during a pandemic and by any false balance that lends credence to quackery. Similarly, it's a natural human reaction to be disgusted by the following sentence that was proposed as part of an addition to Race and intelligence (see [21]): Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen have argued that populations in the third world, particularly populations in Africa, tend to have limited intelligence because of their composition and that, consequently, education cannot be effective in creating social and economic development in third world countries. An admin should not be disqualified because she/he has a strong personal dislike of racism. NightHeron (talk) 20:33, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

It's such a straw man argument, too. There is no person who doesn't have a strong personal dislike of racism. Nobody says, "How do I feel about racism? Meh, I'm OK with it, it doesn't bother me much." Similarly, there are no editors who would "allow their assessment of the consensus to be swayed by their personal opinions". That's "Closing 101". If an editor did allow themselves to be so swayed, they'll be quickly corrected in a close review (as just happened in the AFD of this article). The notion that we have to carefully find an unbiased closer is 100% bullshit. (Just like the notion that black people's intelligence is genetically inferior to white people's intelligence.) Levivich ^{[dubious – discuss]} 20:49, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Neither of you seem to understand the point that I was making. Of course everyone has an opinion, but not everyone knows how to set their personal opinion aside when evaluating the consensus in a discussion, especially a complex discussion that's almost evenly split like this one. By "impartial", I simply meant an admin who is trusted to do that, not someone with no opinion at all. If everyone knew how to do that, the AFD would have been closed as "keep" initially, instead of being closed as "delete" and then having that outcome overturned at DRV. 2600:1004:B168:6909:DCB2:E8F5:D7F6:F6BB (talk) 21:21, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

And why should you get to decide which admins can be trusted? On the subject of personal opinions and biases getting in the way, I'm assuming that, even though the IP addresses are not identical, you were also the one who proposed the sentence quoted above: Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen have argued that populations in the third world, particularly populations in Africa, tend to have limited intelligence because of their composition and that, consequently, education cannot be effective in creating social and economic development in third world countries. Similarly, an IP-editor (I thought probably you, but I could be wrong, since your IP address keeps changing) reverted an edit I made to Criticism of Wikipedia on the Southern Poverty Law Center's criticism of alt-right and white nationalist influence on Wikipedia, especially in the article Race and intelligence. The edit summary on the revert was WP is not a soapbox for the SPLC's racism. Is there anyone other than white nationalists who accuse the SPLC of "racism"? So look in the mirror if you're worried about editor bias. NightHeron (talk) 22:18, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

I haven't edited the Criticism of Wikipedia article. My IP range always starts with 2600, and the IP that edited that article is a 2604 IP. But you realize none of this is relevant, don't you? This discussion is about who's qualified to close the RFC, and I never had any intention of closing it myself. 2600:1004:B15D:51C4:592D:C5A2:4AA3:E41F (talk) 22:41, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Sorry, my mistake. I'll keep "2600" in mind. Even though you never had any intention of closing it yourself, you did seem to want to vet the admins who close it. NightHeron (talk) 22:59, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

(edit conflict) It is certainly true that if you had tried to close the RfC yourself that would have been much more inappropriate than soliciting a particular administrator to close it (rather than following the normal procedures for such things). --JBL (talk) 23:02, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

• Comment This appears to be a thinly-veiled attempt by the IP to canvass an admin who they think might agree with them. It's certainly not standard practice for a heavily involved editor to ask a specific admin to close an RfC, particularly when they've apparently been involved in an undisclosed side discussion. That said, SilkTork isn't the problem here; they've simply been placed in the awkward position of being canvassed. I'm not strongly opposed to a close by SilkTork but it would probably be better if it was done by a completely uninvolved admin.

It's difficult to track down diffs for an unregistered editor, but I do remember a few instances where the IP encouraged specific "knowledgeable" editors (who just happened to agree with them) to participate in discussions. It's not the job of a heavily involved editor to identify the "most qualified" person to close (whatever that means) and they probably would have been warned for if they were a registered editor exhibiting similar behavior. –dlthewave ☎ 19:05, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

• Comment: I support a team close. This is a subject matter where a large percentage of the population has a personal bias or feeling. I think as this is a hugely divisive topic and RfC that is under ArbCom sanctions and because the last AFD required a deletion review followed by a team close that only a team close of 3 or 5 admins will suffice and settle this once and for all. Otherwise it will always be argued that the admin was “biased”. I do not have a problem with SilkTork being part of that team close, he is experienced and there is no evidence that he is biased, a team close should well control and eliminate any bias.--Literaturegeek | T@1k? 22:15, 4 April 2020 (UTC)
• Comment: I agree with several others above that I have no objection to SilkTork closing (or being part of a group of admins who close) but I think that the appropriate response to the IP's request would have been a telling-off rather than agreement. (This is both because the purported reasons for soliciting closure are not very convincing, and because the solicitation itself is poor behavior.) --JBL (talk) 22:35, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

• Given the doubts raised here, albeit slight, I will withdraw as closer, including as part of a team. When a debate starts up on a potential closer, that is an indicator that there will likely be a similar debate on their close, thus making the close insecure, and as such the close would not bring closure, but simply further dissent. This also means I will recuse from any race and intelligence discussions in future. SilkTork (talk) 11:15, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

@SilkTork: While I don't think it was necessary for you to recuse, I respect your decision and your desire to make the eventual closure as non-contentious as possible.

At this stage, I agree with Literaturegeek that a team closure would best. Ideally, it should be handled by a blue-ribbon panel of admins chosen for the task, as was done during the re-closure of the AFD. Although you've declined to close the discussion yourself, can you offer any assistance in selecting admins to be part of such a panel? Based on how others have objected to the manner in which I suggested you as a closer, I'd like to avoid suggesting specific other admins myself. 2600:1004:B162:F217:6C5F:5561:8A9:FBF3 (talk) 14:58, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

A neutral request, along the lines of: "Three admins needed to close a race and intelligence RfC", could be made here: Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Requests for closure. SilkTork (talk) 16:53, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

International Biographical Centre

The International Biographical Centre puts out vanity imitations of Who's Who. The notion that what it does is of value (other than to the self-esteem of those who are profiled, or their chances of success with particularly gullible readers of CVs) is I think "fringe". But recent edits to the article claim that the IBC is valued in Belarus. So far, they do so discreetly enough, but it could be worth keeping eyes on this article. -- Hoary (talk) 08:57, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

And interesting spam here... —PaleoNeonate – 22:23, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

Script to detect unreliable sources

Main page: User:Headbomb/unreliable

I have (with the help of others) made a small user script to detect and highlight various links to unreliable sources and predatory journals. The idea is that it takes something like

• John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14. (John Smith "[https://www.deprecated.com/article Article of things]" ''Deprecated.com''. Accessed 2020-02-14.)

and turns it into something like

• John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.

It will work on a variety of links, including those from {{cite web}}, {{cite journal}} and {{doi}}.

I'm still expanding coverage and tweaking logic, but what's there already works very well (e.g. picking up links to Stack Exchange in List of unsolved problems in fair division). Details and instructions are available at User:Headbomb/unreliable. Questions, comments and requests can be made at User talk:Headbomb/unreliable. Headbomb {t · c · p · b} 19:56, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

Cow urine

• Cow urine (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

IP(s) edit warring to remove cited material that questions cow urine's claimed medical benefits [22]. I'm not that familiar with WP:MEDRS, but I'm assuming the claim that drinking cow piss cures disease is WP:FRINGE. - LuckyLouie (talk) 18:43, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

Looks like there's a reason for this. See BJP man feeds cow urine to Home Guard staffer to prevent Covid–19, arrested and this twitter threads from one of the people behind the outing and persecution of one of our editors.[23] I'll protect the article. Doug Weller talk 19:50, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

Population Research Institute

• Population Research Institute (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

This article is being edited to remove critical content and add self-sourced and primary sourced promotional content. Guy (help!) 23:23, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

Their purpose of existence expressed in a mission statement presents basic information, and isn't it time to face the requirement that also critical content must be authentic? –Joppa Chong (talk) 04:58, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

See Wikipedia:Avoid mission statements, Joppa Chong. And before you say "That's just an essay" (I'm a little psychic, and I think you will), see also WP:NOTADVERTISING. Bishonen | tålk 11:20, 22 March 2020 (UTC).

PRI's mission statement is something very special implying a few remarkable intentions which are insightful. Wikipedia:Avoid mission statements#When should mission statements be included? Here it makes sense. I did not mean, users like you should not be trusted.−Joppa Chong (talk) 02:21, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

I don't see how a user's opinion that a mission statement is "very special", "remarkable" or "insightful" is a reason to include it. The rule you linked does not say it is. --Hob Gadling (talk) 07:40, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

Joppa Chong, no it's not, it's a marketing device. All mission statements are. It's also plainly at odds with reality, as established by RS. Guy (help!) 11:45, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

We have a policy indication that the exeption to include it applies, and who says that PRI's stated intentions are not true? Reading the mission statement can prevent undue generalization. –Joppa Chong (talk) 22:08, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

What "policy indication"? Is it related to being "very special", "remarkable" or "insightful"?

The criterion for inclusion in Wikipedia is not "it could be true, who is to say it is not". The criterion is "it is written in reliable sources".

Stop this. It didn't work yet, and it will not work ever. Wikpedia editors are not as easily bluffed as the simpletons you usually sell your ideas to. --Hob Gadling (talk) 18:34, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

Edit warring is still ongoing there, making me wonder if AE is due... —PaleoNeonate – 21:51, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

Very persistent edit warring by Joppa Chong. I have blocked them for 36 hours. Bishonen | tålk 22:03, 29 March 2020 (UTC).

You did not block us but only me, so the unpatient edit warrior behind the move continued attacking. Policy must be applied as I said earlier. –Joppa Chong (talk) 23:13, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Bates method sources

I'm concerned that some valid sources may have been removed here, especially an AAO report. This whole thing started with the use of "ineffective", but that is a secondary issue at this point. Belteshazzar (talk) 20:58, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

A primary source from 1993 is not WP:MEDRS and neither is it WP:RS for being pressed into service as "support" for bollocks like the Bates Method. Alexbrn (talk) 23:54, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

The AAO report is from 2013, although there was apparently an earlier version from 2004. And the report does not support the Bates method, but does suggest reasons why it might seem to work. Belteshazzar (talk) 23:59, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

Some document from "AAO Complementary Therapy Task Force" is not reliable either, especially as "support" for bollocks like the Bates Method. We would need WP:EXCEPTIONAL and WP:MEDRS sources for that. Why the method might offer sporadic instants of apparently clear vision is covered elsewhere in the article. Alexbrn (talk) 00:07, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

"Anecdotal support" probably wasn't a good subtitle, and I see you have changed it. But you do realize that AAO stands for American Academy of Ophthalmology? Belteshazzar (talk) 00:33, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Yes, I can read thanks (with the aid of glasses). Alexbrn (talk) 00:48, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

I read the following “No evidence was found that visual training 1) has any effect on the progression of myopia; 2) improves visual function for patients with hyperopia or astigmatism; or 3) improves vision lost through disease processes, such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, or diabetic retinopathy.” Take home message “ineffective.” Am I missing something? Roxy, the PROD. . wooF 01:00, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Quite: the (prior) use of this source as "support" for the Bates' method was - problematic. Alexbrn (talk) 01:06, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Perhaps ineffective as far as those conditions are concerned. But if you read what is just above that, it's clear that some people do get improvement of a kind. So "ineffective" should at least be qualified. Belteshazzar (talk) 01:14, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

You think staring at the sun (etc.) is in some way effective for myopia? It's time to produce your source saying so as this is beginning to look like a waste of time. Alexbrn (talk) 01:19, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

The AAO report says this: "There is Level I evidence that visual training for control of accommodation has no effect on myopia. In other studies (Level II/III evidence), an improvement in subjective VA for patients with myopia that have undertaken visual training has been shown, but no corresponding physiological cause for the improvement has been demonstrated. It is postulated that the improvements in myopic patients noted in these studies were due to improvements in interpreting blurred images, changes in mood or motivation, creation of an artificial contact lens by tear film changes, or a pinhole effect from miosis of the pupil." Belteshazzar (talk) 01:31, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Ineffective in other words (apart from wishful thinking or unrelated phenomena). But in any case this source is about VT (another form of quackery) and does not even mention the Bates' Method. Alexbrn (talk) 01:34, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

It does mention Bates. See the first footnote under "References". Also, see Elwin Marg's report, which clearly makes a connection between the methods practiced and fleeting improvements. I was hesitant to mention that one because of the date, but that shouldn't really matter here, as this essentially expands on what recent sources have said. Belteshazzar (talk) 01:49, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

That Marg page is not a WP:RS for your claim. Please stop. Roxy, the PROD. . wooF 14:28, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Also .. that ref you mention in the “References” is 108 years old. Gosh. Roxy, the PROD. . wooF 14:35, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Furthermore, you need to learn the difference between evidence and anecdote. Roxy, the PROD. . wooF 14:39, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

The AAO report and Elwin Marg (and some other sources which were recently removed on questionable grounds) show that people have gotten at least fleeting improvements in eyesight. Marg is more explicit in connecting this to the Bates method. Not that these sources support the Bates method; far from it. But this is an important aspect of the subject. Belteshazzar (talk) 19:33, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Nonsense on stilts. Roxy, the PROD. . wooF 20:04, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Unfortunately, this discussion got quite muddled. I said at the top that "ineffective" is a secondary issue at this point. Belteshazzar (talk) 21:58, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Belteshazzar, the primary issue is your tendentious editing at the Bates Method article. I am minded to topic-ban or partial block here. What do others think? Guy (help!) 22:57, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

I thought it was the Dunning Kruger effect at work, but it doesn't rise to that, and now I think its the much more mundane Dorling-Kindersley effect. -Roxy, the PROD. . wooF 09:56, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

After the latest bout of editing, I think I agree with Guy that a sanction is warranted. We've all better things to do than deal with this BS. Alexbrn (talk) 09:58, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

My latest mistake was that I didn't work harder on a revision, and restored old wording which while basically true was perhaps misleading and sounded like it was supporting the Bates method. The "blur adaptation" is still a relevant, valid aspect of the subject. Belteshazzar (talk) 18:47, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

it wasn't "basically true", it was a fringey falsehood. I think you need to be removed from this topic. Alexbrn (talk) 18:51, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

The way it was stated was perhaps misleading, but this "blur adaptation" is a known phenomenon, and is one reason why the Bates method might seem to work, even though it doesn't do what it is claimed to do. Belteshazzar (talk) 19:18, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

Possible change to NPOV wrt fringe content

There have been recent edits to core policy (WP:NPOV) and discussion which bears explicitly on fringe content, which may be of interest. The discussion is at WT:NPOV#Impartial. Please comment there, not here. Alexbrn (talk) 08:39, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

National Endowment for Democracy and Chinese government claims

There is an ongoing RFC at Talk:National Endowment for Democracy#RfC: FAIR and other challenged content regarding whether the article should include certain additional content regarding the Chinese government's accusation that the National Endowment for Democracy secretly fomented the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.

The article already notes the accusation briefly. The present dispute centers on due weight: whether more text should be added about the claim, and whether the article should note that the claim is not supported by evidence. (A New York Times article indicates that this claim is fringe and has no real basis, stating that there is "no concrete evidence" of foreign interference and that the Chinese government's claims variously "amount to little more than crude disinformation" or are "grounded in just enough fact to spin a conspiracy theory of covert American nefariousness.").

More outside input would be appreciated. Neutrality^talk 19:39, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin

• Hydroxychloroquine (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• Azithromycin (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

[24] Anonymous scientist says on the Skepchick blog that those two should not be recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 because the data do not justify it. The reasons she gives sound good to me but I do not know enough about it to have an opinion. I guess others on this board do. Does this relate to Misinformation related to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic? --Hob Gadling (talk) 07:19, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

Yes Hob Gadling. Didier Raoult started [25] [26] this and was followed by the usual spread by the orange hair guy and his fellows on social media. Now brazilians had published a nonsense [27] guideline. Ixocactus (talk) 03:40, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

More editing by users who do not understand how science works, but know what they like (New York real estate frauds): [28] --Hob Gadling (talk) 16:45, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

Biopsychosocial model

• Biopsychosocial model (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

This article is full of primary and dodgy sources and largely edited by people with no other area of interest. I am deeply suspicious of this topic. Guy (help!) 18:18, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

I'm not sure about the people who edit the page or how balanced it is, but the model was published in Science and has about 5000 citations.Engel, G. L. (1977-04-08). "The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine". Science. 196 (4286): 129–136. doi:10.1126/science.847460.— Preceding unsigned comment added by Pelirojopajaro (talk • contribs) 19:03, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Yep, not fringe, this is a major concept in medicine and psychology and is covered in pretty much any introductory textbook in the health professions. [29] [30] The article needs considerable work though. I suspect a lot of the low quality SPA edits are from students - it's the sort of subject that professors would have their classes work on. SpicyMilkBoy (talk) 20:36, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

The main issue with topics like this is while their is certainly valid criticism of Western medicine as currently practiced, the main critics of it are quacks and woo-peddlers going "Your evil Western doctor is evil and won't listen to you, here at Woo Inc, we make sure to listen to you, confirm your biases, and sell you these wonderful organic Reiki crystals / essential oils / etc... that we've convinced ourselves works better than placedo and conventional medicine because it is a tenet of our profession that Western medicine must be wrong".

Not all sources on it are bad, of course, but books like Acupuncture in Neurological Conditions give me pause, given the field's propensity for woo-peddling and acupuncture being pseudoscience in general. Headbomb {t · c · p · b} 02:52, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

I just read the Lead. I have no idea what it means. -Roxy, the PROD. . wooF 02:55, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

I just read the article. I have no idea what the model says. Does it have any actual scientific content, or is it just philosophical fluff and reductionism-bashing? --Hob Gadling (talk) 06:40, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

The original article should help there: [31]. I'm no physician, but from a quick read this seems mostly a general "holistic approaches are better because it also takes into account psychology, sociology, etc... on top of typically biomedicine stuff" with few specifics and many generalities on a more philosophical nature. Headbomb {t · c · p · b} 07:27, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Headbomb, so the usual woo-monger mix of the blindingly obvious, arm-waving and faux-profound appeals to the supernatural? Guy (help!) 11:01, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

No. Not even close, except for the "obvious" part (which wasn't so obvious in 1977). This is "if you're looking at a homeless combat veteran with schizophrenia and PTSD, then you have to fix all the problems, not just one of them". WhatamIdoing (talk) 16:10, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Well, half-close. I don't exactly know where Engel stands on things, or what the so-called model is in details, but it's pretty accepted that medicine is most effective when taking sociological aspects on top of the core biomedical ones. The issue is that this criticism/model/whatever you want to call it has at least been co-opted by woo peddlers to claim their bullshit is more effective because it takes care of the non-biomedical aspects better. But like I said, I read this thing very quickly. Engel could be anything from a mainstream physician calling for better/more effective medical practice, to having been 'right' then evolving into a quack over time, to having been co-opted by woo peddlers, to being a woo-peddler himself.

The solution is, as always, find what reliable sources report about Engel's model. Probably the consensus is somewhere along "there's a basis of validity, but the 'model' itself is too vague to be falsifiable". Headbomb {t · c · p · b} 16:51, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

AAH

Aquatic ape hypothesis (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

A paper that was published two years ago in an out-of-the-way journal purporting to survey scientists about their attitudes towards AAH is being inserted into our article by agenda-driven editors. Quite apart from the fact that the paper has no independent citations outside the AAH citogenesis community, this is also a social science paper published in a journal that is not dedicated to social science.

[32]

jps (talk) 15:39, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

ජපස, so they saw the Talk page and conducted a survey to support their pre-existing views? That is a world-class case of citeogenesis I'd say. Guy (help!) 19:53, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Having read the paper, the study's results and its conclusions are wildly out of whack. The results throw a huge number of "hypotheses" at the respondents and ask them to "rate the credibility of 51 alternative hypotheses that have been proposed to explain their evolutionary origin (such as freeing the hands for tool use or seeing over tall grass)". The analysis then groups all the AAH traits into a large group called "other" and says that the credibility of that aggregate group is rated as highly as some of the individual parts of the Bipedalism or Encephalization groups. This is not science in any actual sense of the word. The large number of items surveyed and hopelessly muddled analysis and really dodgy credibility scores render the whole thing meaningless. Of the three related authors (siblings?), one works on tropical rainforest plant communities, one works on experimental psychology, and one organic pollutants; none work on human evolution. On top of all that, the Discussion doesn't actually say what the editor was trying to get it to say. There is no way that this can be included under any rational standard. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 16:40, 26 March 2020 (UTC)

God's Not Dead trilogy

• God's Not Dead (film) (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• God's Not Dead 2 (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)
• God's Not Dead: A Light in Darkness (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

I've been trying to bring some much-=needed reality to these three articles. A number of sources point out that they exemplify the Christian persecution complex, and that the first two especially are clumsily made and rely on stereotypes and strawmen. I'm not wedded to any specific content, but I am not happy with the blatantly hagiographic tone of the articles as I found them. As with Unplanned, the plots sections were written as if by evangelicals watching the film with rapt attention, a problem when (as with the second film especially) it's effectively presenting a mirror universe version of real events where atheist professors have been persecuted for teaching science that conflicts with biblical literalism. Guy (help!) 00:04, 26 March 2020 (UTC)

The plot summaries are sourced to the film's own websites, so they could be deleted as effectively unsourced, couldn't they? Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 16:44, 26 March 2020 (UTC)

Plot summaries often aren't sourced unless there is a dispute about something, the implicit source is the film itself (hence primary). Not much different from using the film's website. Ravensfire (talk) 17:25, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

Ravensfire, except that they are peppered with subjective judgments such as the pastor's lawyerr having made compelling points and the like. We normally tolerat eplot summaries written by people who have watched the film. That's normally OK because most films aren't long-form sermons. In this case the films are generally agreed to be terrible, and almosty nobody other than True Believers (and the God Awful Movies crew) has watched them, so a viewer-written plot summary written fomr the primary source is unlikely to be anything like neutral. Guy (help!) 17:44, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

JzG, oh hell, that crap should just go period.Ravensfire (talk) 17:59, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

@JzG and Ravensfire:, I removed all the parts of the plot sections from these three films based on the fact that they are the filmmaker's own summaries and not independent. Also per WP:NOTPROMO as nothing but proselytization. I will proabbly be reverted so any assistance would be welcome. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 18:12, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

I think the hard part is to accurately describe the really one-sided plot without promoting / supporting the beliefs. It's true of other types of propaganda type films think Zeitgeist (film series) or some of Michael Moore's films. The plot will always be presented "in universe", even when that universe is obviously crap (see the universe for the second two films in this series). This is a tough one. Ravensfire (talk) 18:30, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

Ravensfire, there are a number of sources that describe the plot. But fans won't like the descriptions... Guy (help!) 23:39, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

Ancient black influence in early medicine

The above article could benefit from attention from editors here who are familiar with medical history, Black Egyptian hypothesis, and related subjects. _signed, Rosguill ^talk 22:04, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

This article isn't even about what the title suggests. I AfD'd it. Natureium (talk) 22:50, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

Ed Winters

A vegan activist with fringe views. The article was deleted in 2018 but was recreated a year later. There is a current afd discussion. The last afd suffered from sock-puppetry and meat-puppets associated with Winters. As for the article itself, most of the sources are unreliable and plantbasednews.org is still used as a citation to the article. Psychologist Guy (talk) 13:43, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

A user is repeatedly adding PlantBasedNews.org and VeganLife Magazine as a source to establish notability [33] and removing unreliable source templates. I find this problematic but I will not be reverting further. Psychologist Guy (talk) 17:25, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

Skeptical Science

Skeptical Science (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

Is Forbes a reliable source now? --Hob Gadling (talk) 18:10, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Is it not an RS?Slatersteven (talk) 18:26, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Forbes is fine, but the source in question was actually a blog hosted on the Forbes site by a person who felt aggrieved by the criticism Skeptical Science leveled at him. If this WP:PRIMARY source gets noticed by some third parties, we could include it, but until that point I think it's rightly excluded as a violation of WP:FRIND. Like it or not, the Pielkes (both father and son) are fringe contrarians and no amount of their personal harping on the Skeptical Science website is going to change that WP:MAINSTREAM evaluation. jps (talk) 18:42, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Yes (sites/ in the URL), only reliable for Pielke's own personal opinion, if considered due. He's a political scientist and notable so some of his political opinions may be due with attribution, although his statements in relation to climate were often controversial. WP also should avoid advocating for "politicization of science" POV or to participate in giving a false legitimacy to it with false balance and undue content... —PaleoNeonate – 21:55, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

See WP:RSP, it's a bit more subtle than that - if it's "Forbes staff" or "from the print edition", or is old, it's probably RS content; if it's "Contributor", then it's just a blog post, WP:SPS applies, and it's not RS unless they're so expert their blog posts are RS - David Gerard (talk) 22:04, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Mototaka Nakamura

Mototaka Nakamura (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views) WP:FRINGEBLP

Should it be in Wikipedia? I am not impressed with the sourcing.

jps (talk) 19:04, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

I'm involved in discussions on the page. Notability seems to depend on his academic record (based on two articles in the 90s). However, no strong reporting seems to exist regarding this, so there is a mismatch between notability and coverage (the coverage itself being weak). Jlevi (talk) 22:30, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Hmm looking at the sources that support "Which gained positive and negative attention in news and blogs" (other than the problem I posted about at the talk page), I'm also skeptical about notability. I tried looking for more sources in large newspapers that'd mention Mototaka Nakamura, without success. There's an argument about WP:NACADEMIC but the results are weak enough that AFD might succeed. —PaleoNeonate – 23:28, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

You really think there is an argument that he passes WP:PROF? What is that argument? jps (talk) 11:25, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Maybe I wasn't clear above, but it's also unconvincing to me (but see the article's talk page). —PaleoNeonate – 00:14, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mototaka Nakamura. jps (talk) 10:50, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Shroud of Turin

• Shroud of Turin (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

This is about [34]. Please chime in. Tgeorgescu (talk) 01:13, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Not sure what "blog post" they are complaining about, but I updated the reference url from www.sott.net to an archive of the original Daily Telegraph article. - LuckyLouie (talk) 13:57, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Thank you for updating the link. Regarding your question -Because if you look carefully at the page you wills the article may well be on the telegraph website but it is filed under "BLOGS HOME » NEWS » RELIGION » TOM CHIVERS", it is an opinion piece which quotes a scientist's opinion. No experiments were carried out to disprove the opposing theories.We are talking about one scientific claim against another, they are both in loose terms "scientific" although one was published in a paper which details investigations and the other rejects them purely on the basis of "scientific opinion". Joe9y (talk) 16:54, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

I have to say I am not sure a news blog is not enough to make a scientific claim.Slatersteven (talk) 17:06, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

It looks like you reverted to the fringy www.sott.net link. Not sure you meant to do that. - LuckyLouie (talk) 17:25, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Sorry no, both sources should be removed and a better one found.Slatersteven (talk) 17:41, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

In my opinion, until better sources which demonstrate better scientific levels of evidence, we should respect both opposing views as "scientific". Therefore I think it is misleading to say "all of the hypotheses used to challenge the radiocarbon dating have been scientifically refuted". The refutations are also technically speaking hypotheses and the challenge to C14 dating in itself is a scientific refutation. The sentence should, in order to maintain neutrality and give fair credit to credible evidence, should read "the hypotheses used to challenge the radiocarbon dating is disputed", because that is ultimately what those counter-hypotheses are. Joe9y (talk) 18:28, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

That I am less comfortable with. Can you give one scientific source that challenges the Carbon 14 dating?Slatersteven (talk) 18:34, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Based on what if I may ask? We can't decide these things on our feelings! There are at least four scientific papers referenced already in the page regarding this. That is why I question how that sentence is worded. From a scientific point of view, these are just as legitimate to be considered as "scientific". Science is only proven by results testing a hypothesis, not by faith or hope in a desired outcome. Here are the references from the page that were already there. Joe9y (talk) 19:11, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

These are some shitty, shitty sources. Almost disqualifying you as an editor per WP:CIR. jps (talk) 22:20, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

@Joe9y, Slatersteven, and ජපස: Forget about the Daily Telegraph, that source isn't essential for verifying the claim. There are plenty of sources for that phrase, it does not all rest upon the article from Daily Telegraph. So, DT is a red herring. Tgeorgescu (talk) 01:50, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Can we have a thoughtful analysis (by the way the second source may have done something odd, so I am not gona touch any of these). THe fost source does not seem to say "all of the hypotheses used to challenge the radiocarbon dating have been scientifically refuted", all it says is "it may be that there is a bigger picture" (in that it does not challenge the dating, it just finds the cloth may have been well travelled). So can someone explain why the rest of these source support a claim that the RC dating is wrong?Slatersteven (talk) 09:32, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

I didn't add any sources just so you know. They were already there. The fourth one seems to be the most relevant and respectable as it is written by a member of the original STIRP team who concluded the Shroud was from the Mideaval times. His paper questions his own, and his colleagues methodology in choosing a sample and sets out why he questions it. Also if you know anything about C-14 it should NEVER give a range that wide like it did for the Shroud, so it is plausible that Rogers' hypothesis has merit.Joe9y (talk) 12:39, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

References

I am happy to delete all the various Telegraph references – these are just journalists looking for sensation by selectively quoting suppositions – not scientific papers, not objective and not helpful. There are other quality references to support these issues. A lot of content was exported to a "fringe" article, which may have disrupted the referencing. I have made some repairs already, but more is needed.

The two opposing views are not equal. People who challenge the C14 dating have offered a variety of theories, all of which have been scientifically refuted by actual scientists using actual scientific evidence. The medieval-repair hypothesis has been refuted by proving that there was no evidence of any repairs on the earlier STURP photos, that textile experts who examined the shroud found no evidence of repairs, and that Rogers was not using verified Shroud threads when he did his "comparison". The contamination hypothesis has been refuted by proving that there was little contamination present even before the cleaning procedures, whereas an authentic shroud sample would need to be coated with a huge amount of contamination to produce a medieval dating result – which contamination would need to endure even after the cleaning was done. The monoxide theory was specifically tested in a lab by actual C14 experts, and found to be invalid.

The expert who performed the monoxide test concluded that "As yet there is no direct evidence for this - or indeed any direct evidence to suggest the original radiocarbon dates are not accurate."

Wdford (talk) 14:08, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Richard Epstein

Richard Epstein (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

Another virus "expert" defended by his fans. --Hob Gadling (talk) 06:08, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Gateway belief model

Gateway belief model (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

I just noticed that this article was undercover deleted by redirecting to scientific consensus. [35] Is there a justification for this? Should we restore the original article?

jps (talk) 18:26, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

I liked reading it, but also admit it's written like an essay by someone close to the topic. It could certainly be improved if restored. The Sander van der Linden article also seems to have a history of COI issues. —PaleoNeonate – 01:05, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

@ජපස and PaleoNeonate: As it can't be improved without restoring it, and I did an independent check to see if it appeared to be a notable topic and found sufficient sources, I've restored it. Doug Weller (talk) 14:18, April 2, 2020 (UTC)

Another possibly fringe Mormon edit

this one. I don't have time myself to check it and don't blame anyone if they don't either, but just in case... Doug Weller talk 11:24, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Gareth Knight and Fraternity of the Inner Light

Fringe articles that could use some work. Doug Weller talk 14:13, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Canvassing at Wikiproject Scepticism

here. -Roxy, the PROD. . wooF 15:02, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Skeptics versus deniers

Judith Curry (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

Oh gee. Guess where I've seen this argument before?

[36]

Can someone else clarify whether skeptics and deniers are the same thing when it comes to climate change?

jps (talk) 12:18, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

As far as I am concerned no A sceptic is a person inclined to question or doubt accepted opinions. A denier is a person who denies something, especially someone who refuses to admit the truth of a concept or proposition that is supported by the majority of scientific or historical evidence. The difference is that a sceptic does not ignore evidence, a denier does.Slatersteven (talk) 12:21, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

It's a matter of sources. I won't bother you with the voluminous discussions we've had on this matter but you can see where climate change skepticism redirects to. jps (talk) 12:29, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

The discussion on that redirect target was interesting with the closer noting I also find consensus in this discussion to redirect, while noting that skepticism ≠ denial per the opposing comments.[37] PackMecEng (talk) 14:38, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

That skepticism ≠ denial is one thing. That climate change skepticism = climate change denial is quite another. jps (talk) 16:04, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

That closing statement was talking about climate change skepticism ≠ climate change denial. That is why it was the closing statement on climate change skepticism redirecting to climate change denial. PackMecEng (talk) 17:50, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

That you are misinterpreting this and using the word "cereal" [38] makes me understand that you should be topic banned from climate change articles writ large. Begone denier. jps (talk) 01:24, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

Ha! Kids these days. Grow up. PackMecEng (talk) 01:37, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

Are you upset that your cover was blown? Or do you just revel in your pseudoscientific ignorance? WP:CIR, after all. jps (talk) 01:44, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

List take me to ANI or quit whining. I could not care less which way you go but this is the last reply for me to you on this subject. PackMecEng (talk) 02:40, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

Slatersteven, climate change deniers brand themselves as "skeptics". This is pseudoskepticism. We do not use euphemisms. Guy (help!) 22:49, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

You asked "whether skeptics and deniers are the same thing when it comes to climate change" I provided a definition of the two based upon what the words mean (an then an interpretation). To answer your question more directly then. It is not true that skeptics and deniers are the same thing when it comes to climate change (after all the source appears to be something of a sceptic), however (to complicate matters) many who are deniers (that is they deny the truth of climate science) use the sceptic label as it makes them sound more reasonable and neutral. So we have to answer this question on a case by case basis.Slatersteven (talk) 08:29, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

The specific question was to distinguish between on the one hand

Curry is known both for her emphasis on scientific outreach in general and for her willingness to communicate with climate change deniers in particular.

References

and

Curry is known both for her emphasis on scientific outreach in general and for her willingness to communicate with climate change skeptics in particular.

References

with me preferring the follow the source more closely and jps arguing to change the wording from that in the source. But this has now apparently been resolved by using different words and sources so the question seems moot. Jonathan A Jones (talk) 14:31, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

I think this is about the wider issue of how we generally deal with this issue.Slatersteven (talk) 14:33, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

My own view is that it's not possible to give a hard and fast rule on this question (note also the comment by PackMecEng above) which is why I prefer to follow the sources in each case. Of course there's another argument about which sources should be used, but when a single source is under discussion then we should just do what it does or not use that source at all. Jonathan A Jones (talk) 15:08, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

The fact that all the styled "climate change skeptics" are climate change deniers is not really up for debate. jps (talk) 16:05, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

But that is not the case, so yes, it is up for debate. Are we being cereal right now? PackMecEng (talk) 17:50, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

You do not decide whether that is the case or not. Reliable sources decide that. Read our article Climate change denial to find out what they say.

Climate change skeptics have died out decades ago; only deniers are left. --Hob Gadling (talk) 18:55, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

I tend to go by sources, heck one is listed above. To say there are no skeptics left only deniers is flat out ridiculous. PackMecEng (talk) 19:04, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

PackMecEng, no, it's true. But journalistic sources are more deferential to the both sides" bullshit. Guy (help!) 22:51, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Ah so sources recognize skeptic is not the same as denial but we know the Truth™. Got it! PackMecEng (talk) 22:53, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

PackMecEng, not as such, no. Our article titles reflect the scientific consensus. Journalists... not so much. Guy (help!) 22:58, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Jonathan A Jones, deniers is the more accurate here. You'll note that climate change skepticism is a redirect. Guy (help!) 22:50, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

A reasonable approach for the example at the top of this section would be to go with what the AP style guide says to do: "To describe those who don’t accept climate science or dispute the world is warming from man-made forces, use climate change doubters or those who reject mainstream climate science. Avoid use of skeptics or deniers." source Obviously still pipe the link to Climate change denial.

Before	After
Curry is known both for her emphasis on scientific outreach in general and for her willingness to communicate with climate change deniers in particular.	Curry is known both for her general emphasis on scientific outreach and for her willingness to communicate with people who reject mainstream climate science.

~Awilley (talk) 03:55, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

Wikipedia is not part of Associated Press, Wikipedia is not part of the press in general, and we do not use journalist false balance here.

Instead, we go to scientific sources when scientific sources are available. See WP:SOURCE.

In this case, scientific sources are available, and therefore we use those. The scientific sources say it is "denial", and the journalistic sources can go fuck themselves. End of story. --Hob Gadling (talk) 04:38, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

@Awilley: Charming right? PackMecEng (talk) 04:39, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

• Skeptic = heretic, denier = infidel. Blueboar (talk) 15:03, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

5G conspiracy theories

The mainstream media seems to have cottoned-on to the existence of conspiracy theories around 5G (COVID-19 is the latest thing being blamed on 5G[39]) and I think we should be covering this in our 5G article. I renamed/reorganized the section previously called, in rather a POV way, "Health concerns" but notice what we still have at 5G#Effect on human health seems to be a shopping list of everything anyone has said about 5G being maybe bad for health. I think WP:FRINGE could be better applied to this topic space. Thoughts? Alexbrn (talk) 17:44, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Hard to verify quote by Singer, possible antisemitic hoax

Please see Talk:World_Jewish_Congress#Hoax_quotation. Could use a few pair of eyes. This quote (hoax) comes back to Wiki every now and them, there is evidence of WP:CITOGENESIS too. --_{Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here} 06:05, 5 April 2020 (UTC)