44th United States Congress

44th United States Congress
43rd ← → 45th
United States Capitol (1869)
March 4, 1875 – March 4, 1877
Members	76 senators 293 representatives 9 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Republican
Senate President	Henry Wilson (until November 22, 1875) Vacant (from November 22, 1875)
House majority	Democratic
House Speaker	Michael C. Kerr, until August 19, 1876 Samuel J. Randall, from December 4, 1876
Sessions
Special: March 5, 1875 – March 24, 1875 1st: December 6, 1875 – August 15, 1876 2nd: December 4, 1876 – March 3, 1877

The Forty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1875 to March 4, 1877, during the seventh and eighth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. For the first time since the American Civil War, the House had a Democratic majority. The Senate maintained a Republican majority.

Major events

A political cartoon by Joseph Keppler depicts Roscoe Conkling as Mephistopheles, as Rutherford B. Hayes strolls off with a woman labeled as "Solid South"

See also: 1875 in the United States, 1876 in the United States, and 1877 in the United States

• November 22, 1875: Vice President Henry Wilson died from a stroke
• June 25, 1876: Custer's Last Stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn
• July 4, 1876: United States Centennial
• November 7, 1876: United States general elections, 1876, including the disputed Presidential election of 1876, later settled with the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction.

Major legislation

• March 3, 1877: Desert Land Act, ch. 107, 19 Stat. 377

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 44th United States Congress

State admitted

• August 1, 1876: Colorado admitted as the 38th state

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)				Total	Vacant
	Democratic (D)	Independent Republican (IR)	Republican (R)	Other
End of previous congress	20	0	51	2	73	1
Begin	26	1	44	0	71	1
End	28		45		74	0
Final voting share	37.8%	1.4%	60.8%	0.0%
Beginning of next congress	35	0	40	1	76	0

House of Representatives

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)						Total
	style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Independent Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Other Party (United States)/meta/color" |
	Democratic (D)	Independent Democratic (ID)	Independent (I)	Independent Republican (IR)	Republican (R)	Other		Vacant
End of previous Congress	95	7	0	0	199	(Liberal Republican) 4	290	2
Begin	177	1	4	3	101	0	287	5
End	182				100		292	2
Final voting share	62.8%		1.4%	35.8%		0.0%
Beginning of the next Congress	144	2	0	0	146	0	292	1

Leadership

President of the Senate Henry Wilson

Senate

• President: Henry Wilson (R), died November 22, 1875, vacant thereafter.
• President pro tempore: Thomas W. Ferry (R), from March 9, 1875

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876 (died)
  • Samuel J. Randall (D), elected December 4, 1876

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.

See also: United States Senate elections, 1874

Alabama

• 3. George E. Spencer (R)
• 2. George Goldthwaite (D)

Arkansas

• 2. Powell Clayton (R)
• 3. Stephen W. Dorsey (R)

California

• 3. Aaron A. Sargent (R)
• 1. Newton Booth (IR)

Colorado

• 3. Jerome B. Chaffee (R), from November 15, 1876
• 2. Henry M. Teller (R), from November 15, 1876

Connecticut

• 3. Orris S. Ferry (R), until November 21, 1875
  • James E. English (D), November 27, 1875 – May 17, 1876
  • William H. Barnum (D), from May 18, 1876
• 1. William W. Eaton (D)

Delaware

• 1. Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. (D)
• 2. Eli M. Saulsbury (D)

Florida

• 3. Simon B. Conover (R)
• 1. Charles W. Jones (D)

Georgia

• 2. Thomas M. Norwood (D)
• 3. John B. Gordon (D)

Illinois

• 2. John A. Logan (R)
• 3. Richard J. Oglesby (R)

Indiana

• 3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)
• 1. Joseph E. McDonald (D)

Iowa

• 2. George G. Wright (R)
• 3. William B. Allison (R)

Kansas

• 3. John J. Ingalls (R)
• 2. James M. Harvey (R)

Kentucky

• 2. John W. Stevenson (D)
• 3. Thomas C. McCreery (D)

Louisiana

• 2. J. Rodman West (R)
• 3. James B. Eustis (D), from January 12, 1876

Maine

• 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R)
• 2. Lot M. Morrill (R), until July 7, 1876
  • James G. Blaine (R), from July 10, 1876

Maryland

• 3. George R. Dennis (D)
• 1. William Pinkney Whyte (D)

Massachusetts

• 2. George S. Boutwell (R)
• 1. Henry L. Dawes (R)

Michigan

• 2. Thomas W. Ferry (R)
• 1. Isaac P. Christiancy (R)

Minnesota

• 2. William Windom (R)
• 1. Samuel J. R. McMillan (R)

Mississippi

• 2. James L. Alcorn (R)
• 1. Blanche Bruce (R)

Missouri

• 3. Lewis V. Bogy (D)
• 1. Francis Cockrell (D)

Nebraska

• 2. Phineas Hitchcock (R)
• 1. Algernon Paddock (R)

Nevada

• 3. John P. Jones (R)
• 1. William Sharon (R), from April 2, 1875

New Hampshire

• 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)
• 3. Bainbridge Wadleigh (R)

New Jersey

• 2. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R)
• 1. Theodore F. Randolph (D)

New York

• 3. Roscoe Conkling (R)
• 1. Francis Kernan (D)

North Carolina

• 2. Matt W. Ransom (D)
• 3. Augustus S. Merrimon (D)

Ohio

• 3. John Sherman (R)
• 1. Allen G. Thurman (D)

Oregon

• 2. James K. Kelly (D)
• 3. John H. Mitchell (R)

Pennsylvania

• 3. Simon Cameron (R)
• 1. William A. Wallace (D)

Rhode Island

• 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)
• 1. Ambrose Burnside (R)

South Carolina

• 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R)
• 3. John J. Patterson (R)

Tennessee

• 2. Henry Cooper (D)
• 1. Andrew Johnson (D), until July 31, 1875
  • David M. Key (D), August 18, 1875 – January 19, 1877
  • James E. Bailey (D), from January 19, 1877

Texas

• 2. Morgan C. Hamilton (R)
• 1. Samuel B. Maxey (D)

Vermont

• 1. George F. Edmunds (R)
• 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia

• 2. John W. Johnston (D)
• 1. Robert E. Withers (D)

West Virginia

• 2. Henry G. Davis (D)
• 1. Allen T. Caperton (D), until July 26, 1876
  • Samuel Price (D), August 26, 1876 – January 26, 1877
  • Frank Hereford (D), from January 31, 1877

Wisconsin

• 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)
• 1. Angus Cameron (R)

President pro tempore Thomas W. Ferry

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 1874

Alabama

• 1. Jeremiah Haralson (R)
• 2. Jeremiah N. Williams (D)
• 3. Taul Bradford (D)
• 4. Charles Hays (R)
• 5. John H. Caldwell (D)
• 6. Goldsmith W. Hewitt (D)
• At-large. William H. Forney (D)
• At-large. Burwell B. Lewis (D)

Arkansas

• 1. Lucien C. Gause (D)
• 2. William F. Slemons (D)
• 3. William W. Wilshire (D)
• 4. Thomas M. Gunter (D)

California

• 1. William A. Piper (D)
• 2. Horace F. Page (R)
• 3. John K. Luttrell (D)
• 4. Peter D. Wigginton (D)

Colorado

• At-large. James B. Belford (R), from October 3, 1876

Connecticut

• 1. George M. Landers (D)
• 2. James Phelps (D)
• 3. Henry H. Starkweather (R), until January 28, 1876
  • John T. Wait (R), from April 12, 1876
• 4. William H. Barnum (D), until May 18, 1876
  • Levi Warner (D), from December 4, 1876

Delaware

• At-large. James Williams (D)

Florida

• 1. William J. Purman (R)
• 2. Josiah T. Walls (R), until April 19, 1876
  • Jesse J. Finley (D), from April 19, 1876

Georgia

• 1. Julian Hartridge (D)
• 2. William E. Smith (D)
• 3. Philip Cook (D)
• 4. Henry R. Harris (D)
• 5. Milton A. Candler (D)
• 6. James H. Blount (D)
• 7. William H. Felton (ID)
• 8. Alexander Stephens (D)
• 9. Benjamin H. Hill (D), May 5, 1875 - March 3, 1877

Illinois

• 1. Bernard G. Caulfield (D)
• 2. Carter H. Harrison (D)
• 3. Charles B. Farwell (R), until May 6, 1876
  • John V. Le Moyne (D), from May 6, 1876
• 4. Stephen A. Hurlbut (R)
• 5. Horatio C. Burchard (R)
• 6. Thomas J. Henderson (R)
• 7. Alexander Campbell (I)
• 8. Greenbury L. Fort (R)
• 9. Richard H. Whiting (R)
• 10. John C. Bagby (D)
• 11. Scott Wike (D)
• 12. William M. Springer (D)
• 13. Adlai E. Stevenson (D)
• 14. Joseph G. Cannon (R)
• 15. John R. Eden (D)
• 16. William A. J. Sparks (D)
• 17. William R. Morrison (D)
• 18. William Hartzell (D)
• 19. William B. Anderson (I)

Indiana

• 1. Benoni S. Fuller (D)
• 2. James D. Williams (D), until December 1, 1876
  • Andrew Humphreys (D), from December 5, 1876
• 3. Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876
  • Nathan T. Carr (D), from December 5, 1876
• 4. Jeptha D. New (D)
• 5. William S. Holman (D)
• 6. Milton S. Robinson (R)
• 7. Franklin Landers (D)
• 8. Morton C. Hunter (R)
• 9. Thomas J. Cason (R)
• 10. William S. Haymond (D)
• 11. James L. Evans (R)
• 12. Andrew H. Hamilton (D)
• 13. John H. Baker (R)

Iowa

• 1. George W. McCrary (R)
• 2. John Q. Tufts (R)
• 3. Lucien L. Ainsworth (D)
• 4. Henry O. Pratt (R)
• 5. James Wilson (R)
• 6. Ezekiel S. Sampson (R)
• 7. John A. Kasson (R)
• 8. James W. McDill (R)
• 9. S. Addison Oliver (R)

Kansas

• 1. William A. Phillips (R)
• 2. John R. Goodin (D)
• 3. William R. Brown (R)

Kentucky

• 1. Andrew Boone (D)
• 2. John Y. Brown (D)
• 3. Charles W. Milliken (D)
• 4. J. Proctor Knott (D)
• 5. Edward Y. Parsons (D), until July 8, 1876
  • Henry Watterson (D), from August 12, 1876
• 6. Thomas L. Jones (D)
• 7. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)
• 8. Milton J. Durham (D)
• 9. John D. White (R)
• 10. John B. Clarke (D)

Louisiana

• 1. Randall L. Gibson (D)
• 2. E. John Ellis (D)
• 3. Chester B. Darrall (R)
• 4. William M. Levy (D)
• 5. Frank Morey (R), until June 8, 1876
  • William B. Spencer (D) June 8, 1876 - January 8, 1877
• 6. Charles E. Nash (R)

Maine

• 1. John H. Burleigh (R)
• 2. William P. Frye (R)
• 3. James G. Blaine (R), until July 10, 1876
  • Edwin Flye (R), from December 4, 1876
• 4. Harris M. Plaisted (R), from September 13, 1875
• 5. Eugene Hale (R)

Maryland

• 1. Phillip F. Thomas (D)
• 2. Charles B. Roberts (D)
• 3. William J. O'Brien (D)
• 4. Thomas Swann (D)
• 5. Eli J. Henkle (D)
• 6. William Walsh (D)

Massachusetts

• 1. James Buffinton (R), until March 7, 1875
  • William W. Crapo (R), from November 2, 1875
• 2. Benjamin W. Harris (R)
• 3. Henry L. Pierce (R)
• 4. Rufus S. Frost (R), until July 28, 1876
  • Josiah G. Abbott (D), from July 28, 1876
• 5. Nathaniel P. Banks (I)
• 6. Charles P. Thompson (D)
• 7. John K. Tarbox (D)
• 8. William W. Warren (D)
• 9. George F. Hoar (R)
• 10. Julius H. Seelye (I)
• 11. Chester W. Chapin (D)

Michigan

• 1. Alpheus S. Williams (D)
• 2. Henry Waldron (R)
• 3. George Willard (R)
• 4. Allen Potter (D)
• 5. William B. Williams (R)
• 6. George H. Durand (D)
• 7. Omar D. Conger (R)
• 8. Nathan B. Bradley (R)
• 9. Jay A. Hubbell (R)

Minnesota

• 1. Mark H. Dunnell (R)
• 2. Horace B. Strait (R)
• 3. William S. King (R)

Mississippi

• 1. Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D)
• 2. G. Wiley Wells (IR)
• 3. Hernando Money (D)
• 4. Otho R. Singleton (D)
• 5. Charles E. Hooker (D)
• 6. John R. Lynch (R)

Missouri

• 1. Edward C. Kehr (D)
• 2. Erastus Wells (D)
• 3. William H. Stone (D)
• 4. Robert A. Hatcher (D)
• 5. Richard P. Bland (D)
• 6. Charles H. Morgan (D)
• 7. John F. Philips (D)
• 8. Benjamin J. Franklin (D)
• 9. David Rea (D)
• 10. Rezin A. De Bolt (D)
• 11. John B. Clark, Jr. (D)
• 12. John M. Glover (D)
• 13. Aylett H. Buckner (D)

Nebraska

• At-large. Lorenzo Crounse (R)

Nevada

• At-large. William Woodburn (R)

New Hampshire

• 1. Frank Jones (D)
• 2. Samuel N. Bell (D)
• 3. Henry W. Blair (R)

New Jersey

• 1. Clement H. Sinnickson (R)
• 2. Samuel A. Dobbins (R)
• 3. Miles Ross (D)
• 4. Robert Hamilton (D)
• 5. Augustus W. Cutler (D)
• 6. Frederick H. Teese (D)
• 7. Augustus A. Hardenbergh (D)

New York

• 1. Henry B. Metcalfe (D)
• 2. John G. Schumaker (D)
• 3. Simeon B. Chittenden (IR)
• 4. Archibald M. Bliss (D)
• 5. Edwin R. Meade (D)
• 6. Samuel S. Cox (D)
• 7. Smith Ely, Jr. (D), until December 11, 1876
  • David Dudley Field (D), from January 11, 1877
• 8. Elijah Ward (D)
• 9. Fernando Wood (D)
• 10. Abram S. Hewitt (D)
• 11. Benjamin A. Willis (D)
• 12. N. Holmes Odell (D)
• 13. John O. Whitehouse (D)
• 14. George M. Beebe (D)
• 15. John H. Bagley, Jr. (D)
• 16. Charles H. Adams (R)
• 17. Martin I. Townsend (R)
• 18. Andrew Williams (R)
• 19. William A. Wheeler (R)
• 20. Henry H. Hathorn (R)
• 21. Samuel F. Miller (R)
• 22. George A. Bagley (R)
• 23. Scott Lord (D)
• 24. William H. Baker (R)
• 25. Elias W. Leavenworth (R)
• 26. Clinton D. MacDougall (R)
• 27. Elbridge G. Lapham (R)
• 28. Thomas C. Platt (R)
• 29. Charles C. B. Walker (D)
• 30. John M. Davy (R)
• 31. George G. Hoskins (R)
• 32. Lyman K. Bass (R)
• 33.Nelson I. Norton (R), from December 6, 1875

North Carolina

• 1. Jesse J. Yeates (D)
• 2. John A. Hyman (R)
• 3. Alfred M. Waddell (D)
• 4. Joseph J. Davis (D)
• 5. Alfred M. Scales (D)
• 6. Thomas S. Ashe (D)
• 7. William M. Robbins (D)
• 8. Robert B. Vance (D)

Ohio

• 1. Milton Sayler (D)
• 2. Henry B. Banning (D)
• 3. John S. Savage (D)
• 4. John A. McMahon (D)
• 5. Americus V. Rice (D)
• 6. Frank H. Hurd (D)
• 7. Lawrence T. Neal (D)
• 8. William Lawrence (R)
• 9. Earley F. Poppleton (D)
• 10. Charles Foster (R)
• 11. John L. Vance (D)
• 12. Ansel T. Walling (D)
• 13. Milton I. Southard (D)
• 14. Jacob P. Cowan (D)
• 15. Nelson H. Van Vorhes (R)
• 16. Lorenzo Danford (R)
• 17. Laurin D. Woodworth (R)
• 18. James Monroe (R)
• 19. James A. Garfield (R)
• 20. Henry B. Payne (D)

Oregon

• At-large. George A. La Dow (D), until May 1, 1875
  • Lafayette Lane (D), from October 25, 1875

Pennsylvania

• 1. Chapman Freeman (R)
• 2. Charles O'Neill (R)
• 3. Samuel J. Randall (D)
• 4. William D. Kelley (R)
• 5. John Robbins, Jr. (D)
• 6. Washington Townsend (R)
• 7. Alan Wood, Jr. (R)
• 8. Hiester Clymer (D)
• 9. A. Herr Smith (R)
• 10. William Mutchler (D)
• 11. Francis D. Collins (D)
• 12. Winthrop W. Ketcham (R), until July 19, 1876
  • William H. Stanton (D), from November 7, 1876
• 13. James B. Reilly (D)
• 14. John B. Packer (R)
• 15. Joseph Powell (D)
• 16. Sobieski Ross (R)
• 17. John Reilly (D)
• 18. William Stenger (D)
• 19. Levi Maish (D)
• 20. Levi A. Mackey (D)
• 21. Jacob Turney (D)
• 22. James H. Hopkins (D)
• 23. Alexander G. Cochran (D)
• 24. John W. Wallace (R)
• 25. George A. Jenks (D)
• 26. James Sheakley (D)
• 27. Albert G. Egbert (D)

Rhode Island

• 1. Benjamin T. Eames (R)
• 2. Latimer W. Ballou (R)

South Carolina

• 1. Joseph Rainey (R)
• 2. Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR), until July 19, 1876
  • Charles W. Buttz (R), from November 7, 1876
• 3. Solomon L. Hoge (R)
• 4. Alexander S. Wallace (R)
• 5. Robert Smalls (R)

Tennessee

• 1. William McFarland (D)
• 2. Jacob M. Thornburgh (R)
• 3. George G. Dibrell (D)
• 4. Samuel M. Fite (D), until October 23, 1875
  • Haywood Y. Riddle (D), from December 4, 1875
• 5. John M. Bright (D)
• 6. John F. House (D)
• 7. Washington C. Whitthorne (D)
• 8. John D. C. Atkins (D)
• 9. William P. Caldwell (D)
• 10. H. Casey Young (D)

Texas

• 1. John H. Reagan (D)
• 2. David B. Culberson (D)
• 3. James W. Throckmorton (D)
• 4. Roger Q. Mills (D)
• 5. John Hancock (D)
• 6. Gustave Schleicher (D)

Vermont

• 1. Charles H. Joyce (R)
• 2. Dudley C. Denison (IR)
• 3. George W. Hendee (R)

Virginia

• 1. Beverly B. Douglas (D)
• 2. John Goode, Jr. (D)
• 3. Gilbert C. Walker (D)
• 4. William H. H. Stowell (R)
• 5. George Cabell (D)
• 6. John R. Tucker (D)
• 7. John T. Harris (D)
• 8. Eppa Hutton, II (D)
• 9. William Terry (D)

West Virginia

• 1. Benjamin Wilson (D)
• 2. Charles J. Faulkner (D)
• 3. Frank Hereford (D), until January 31, 1877

Wisconsin

• 1. Charles G. Williams (R)
• 2. Lucien B. Caswell (R)
• 3. Henry S. Magoon (R)
• 4. William P. Lynde (D)
• 5. Samuel D. Burchard (D)
• 6. Alanson M. Kimball (R)
• 7. Jeremiah M. Rusk (R)
• 8. George W. Cate (D)

Non-voting members

• Arizona Territory. Hiram S. Stevens (D)
• Colorado Territory. Thomas M. Patterson (D), until August 1, 1876
• Dakota Territory. Jefferson P. Kidder (R)
• Idaho Territory. Thomas W. Bennett(I), until June 23, 1876
  • Stephen S. Fenn (D), from June 23, 1876
• Montana Territory. Martin Maginnis (D)
• New Mexico Territory. Stephen B. Elkins (R)
• Utah Territory. George Q. Cannon (R)
• Washington Territory. Orange Jacobs (R)
• Wyoming Territory. William R. Steele (D)

Speaker Michael C. Kerr

Speaker Samuel J. Randall

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• replacements: 4
  • Democratic: 1 seat net gain
  • Republican: 1 seat net loss
• deaths: 3
• resignations: 1
• vacancy: 1
• interim appointments: 3
• seats of newly admitted states: 2
• Total seats with changes: 7

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

|- | Louisiana (3) | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy caused by the Senate in declining to seat rival claimants William L. McMillen and P. B. S. Pinchback. Successor was elected. | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James B. Eustis (D) | January 10, 1876 |- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Andrew Johnson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 31, 1875. An interim successor was appointed. | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | David M. Key (D) | August 18, 1875 |- | Connecticut (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Orris S. Ferry (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died November 21, 1875. An interim successor was appointed. | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James E. English (D) | November 27, 1875 |- | Connecticut (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James E. English (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected May 17, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William H. Barnum (D) | May 18, 1876 |- | Maine (2) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Lot M. Morrill (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 7, 1876 after being appointed United States Secretary of the Treasury | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James G. Blaine (R) | July 10, 1876 |- | West Virginia (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Allen T. Caperton (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 26, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Samuel Price (D) | August 26, 1876 |- | Colorado (2) | rowspan=2 | New seats | rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seats remained vacant until November 15, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Henry M. Teller (R) | rowspan=2 | November 15, 1876 |- | Colorado (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Jerome B. Chaffee (R) |- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | David M. Key (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected January 19, 1877 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James E. Bailey (D) | January 19, 1877 |- | West Virginia (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Samuel Price (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected January 26, 1877 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Frank Hereford (D) | January 31, 1877 |}

House of Representatives

• replacements: 14
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change
• deaths: 9
• resignations: 6
• contested election: 5
• seats of newly admitted states: 1
• Total seats with changes: 21

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

|- | Georgia 9th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep-elect Garnett McMillan died before taking seat | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | May 5, 1875 |- | Maine 4th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep. Samuel F. Hersey died during previous congress | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Harris M. Plaisted (R) | September 13, 1875 |- | New York 33rd | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep.-elect Augustus F. Allen died before taking seat | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Nelson I. Norton (R) | December 6, 1875 |- | Massachusetts 1st | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James Buffington (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 7, 1875 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William W. Crapo (R) | November 2, 1875 |- | Oregon At-large | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | George A. La Dow (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died May 1, 1875 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Lafayette Lane (D) | October 25, 1875 |- | Tennessee 4th | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Samuel M. Fite (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 23, 1875 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Haywood Y. Riddle (D) | December 14, 1875 |- | Connecticut 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Henry H. Starkweather (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 28, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John T. Wait (R) | April 12, 1876 |- | Florida 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Josiah T. Walls (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election April 19, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jesse J. Finley (D) | April 19, 1876 |- | Illinois 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles B. Farwell (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election May 6, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | John V. Le Moyne (D) | May 6, 1876 |- | Connecticut 4th | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William H. Barnum (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 18, 1876 after being elected to the US Senate | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Levi Warner (D) | December 4, 1876 |- | Louisiana 5th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Frank Morey (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election June 8, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William B. Spencer (D) | June 8, 1876 |- | Idaho Territory At-large | nowrap style="background-color:#DCDCDC" | Thomas W. Bennett) (I) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election June 23, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Stephen S. Fenn (D) | June 23, 1876 |- | Maine 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James G. Blaine (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 10, 1876 after being appointed to the US Senate | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Edwin Flye (R) | December 4, 1876 |- | Kentucky 5th | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Edward Y. Parsons (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 18, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Henry Watterson (D) | August 12, 1876 |- | Pennsylvania 12th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Winthrop W. Ketcham (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 19, 1876 after being appointed judge to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William H. Stanton (D) | November 7, 1876 |- | South Carolina 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR) | style="font-size:80%" |Seat declared vacant July 19, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles W. Buttz (R) | November 7, 1876 |- | Massachusetts 4th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Rufus S. Frost (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election July 28, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Josiah G. Abbott (D) | July 28, 1876 |- | Colorado Territory At-large | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Thomas M. Patterson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876 | colspan=2 | Statehood achieved |- | Colorado At-large | New seat | style="font-size:80%" | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seat remained vacant until October 3, 1876. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James B. Belford (R) | October 3, 1876 |- | Indiana 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Michael C. Kerr (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died August 19, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Nathan T. Carr (D) | December 15, 1876 |- | Indiana 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | James D. Williams (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 1, 1876 after being elected Governor of Indiana | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Andrew Humphreys (D) | December 5, 1876 |- | New York 7th | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Smith Ely, Jr. (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 11, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | David D. Field II (D) | January 11, 1877 |- | Louisiana 5th | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | William B. Spencer (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 8, 1877 to become an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | West Virginia 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Frank Hereford (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 31, 1877 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Georgia 9th | nowrap style="background-color:#B0CEFF" | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 3, 1877 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |}

Employees

• Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark

Senate

• Chaplain: Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian)
• Secretary: George C. Gorham
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: John R. French

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: S. L. Townsend (Episcopalian)
• Clerk: George M. Adams
• Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: William H. Scudder
• Doorkeeper: Lafayette H. Fitzhugh
• Postmaster of the House: James M. Steuart
• Sergeant at Arms: John G. Thompson

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists