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=== Post-election ===
=== Post-election ===
{{main|2020 Malaysian political crisis}}
{{main|2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis}}
On 16 May 2018, the coalition was officially registered.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/national/pakatan-harapan-registration-approved-says-muhyiddin/ar-AAxmJ9p|title=Pakatan Harapan is officially registered|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=16 May 2018|access-date=16 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517005559/https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/national/pakatan-harapan-registration-approved-says-muhyiddin/ar-AAxmJ9p|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After winning the power in 2018, the coalition made some efforts in ensuring an independent trial for Najib's corruption charges, an independent anti-corruption commission, and repealing anti-fake news law. On the other hand, other issues such as decentralisation of powers to Sabah and Sarawak, educational reform, issues relating to indigenous people (orang asli), racial equality, and political patronage remained unchanged. Meanwhile, the Pakatan Harapan government was distracted by factional infighting.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tapsell |first1=Ross |title=Malaysia in 2019 |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs|publisher=ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute |date=2020 |pages=191–208 |doi=10.1355/aa20-1k |jstor=26938891 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26938891 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
On 16 May 2018, the coalition was officially registered.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/national/pakatan-harapan-registration-approved-says-muhyiddin/ar-AAxmJ9p|title=Pakatan Harapan is officially registered|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=16 May 2018|access-date=16 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517005559/https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/national/pakatan-harapan-registration-approved-says-muhyiddin/ar-AAxmJ9p|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After winning the power in 2018, the coalition made some efforts in ensuring an independent trial for Najib's corruption charges, an independent anti-corruption commission, and repealing anti-fake news law. On the other hand, other issues such as decentralisation of powers to Sabah and Sarawak, educational reform, issues relating to indigenous people (orang asli), racial equality, and political patronage remained unchanged. Meanwhile, the Pakatan Harapan government was distracted by factional infighting.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tapsell |first1=Ross |title=Malaysia in 2019 |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs|publisher=ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute |date=2020 |pages=191–208 |doi=10.1355/aa20-1k |jstor=26938891 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26938891 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>


Revision as of 16:20, 12 October 2022

For its predecessor coalition (2008–2015), see Pakatan Rakyat.

Alliance of Hope
Pakatan Harapan
Malay namePakatan Harapan
ڤاكتن هارڤن
Chinese name希望聯盟
希望联盟
Xīwàng liánméng
Tamil nameநம்பிக்கை கூட்டணி
AbbreviationPH
ChairmanAnwar Ibrahim
PresidentWan Azizah Wan Ismail
Deputy PresidentsAnthony Loke Siew Fook
Mohamad Sabu
Wilfred Madius Tangau
Vice-PresidentsChong Chieng Jen
Salahuddin Ayub
M. Kulasegaran
Christina Liew[1]
Founded22 September 2015 (2015-09-22)
Legalised16 May 2018 (2018-05-16)[2]
Preceded byPakatan Rakyat
HeadquartersA-1-09 Merchant Square
Jalan Tropicana Selatan 1
47410 Petaling Jaya (PH Secretariat and PKR)
Kuala Lumpur (DAP and AMANAH)
Penampang (UPKO)
Newspaper
Newspapers
  • The Rocket
    Roketkini
    Suara Keadilan
    Suara Amanah
    Keadilan Daily
    Suara Pakatan Daily
    UPKO Kini
    Nabalu News
Student wingPakatan Harapan Student Movement
Youth wingPakatan Harapan Youth Movement[3][4]
Women's wingPakatan Harapan Women's Movement[5]
IdeologyMajority:
Social democracy
Social liberalism
Civic nationalism
Reformism
Multiracialism
Factions:
Political positionCentre-left
Colours  Red and   white
SloganMalaysia Baharu
(For a New Malaysia)
Dewan Negara
4 / 70
Dewan Rakyat
91 / 222
Dewan Undangan Negeri
166 / 607
Chief minister of states
3 / 13
Election symbol
Website
pakatanharapan.my
This article is part of a series on the
Politics of
Malaysia
Head of State
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Elections
Political parties
List of political parties in Malaysia
Federalism
Ideologies and concepts

Race and politics

The Alliance of Hope (Malay: Pakatan Harapan; abbrev: PH) is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left and centre-right parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It was the ruling coalition for 22 months at the federal level after it won the 2018 Malaysian general election to February 2020 when it lost power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis. The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 election, ending its 60 year-long reign (taken together with its predecessor, Alliance) since independence.

It is currently the largest opposition coalition in the Dewan Rakyat with 90 seats. While at the state level, it is the ruling coalition in three of the 13 states in the country, Penang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. It also holds two-thirds majorities in the state legislative assemblies of Penang and Selangor.

The coalition consists of the Democratic Action Party, People's Justice Party, National Trust Party, and United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation. Its main allies are the Malaysian United Democratic Alliance and Malaysian Advancement Party. Former member parties are Sabah Heritage Party and United Sarawak Party, both from East Malaysia, which left the coalition in 2022 to support any party that can form the federal government through voting, including likes of Barisan Nasional and Perikatan Nasional.

The coalition lost its majority in parliament and fell from power in February 2020 when its chairman and then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigned, just after 22 months in office (comparing to his 22 year as Prime Minister while with UMNO), and the Malaysian United Indigenous Party together with 11 members of parliament from the People's Justice Party left the coalition.[6][7][8]

History

Formation

Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party, the Democratic Action Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. Pakatan Harapan was founded on 22 September 2015, two years after the 2013 general election, due to disagreements and conflicts between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the issue of the implementation of the sharia law, resulting in PAS splitting off from Pakatan Rakyat and the break-up of the coalition on 16 June 2015.[9][10] The dissolution resulted in the formation of a new coalition named Pakatan Harapan, consisting the former Pakatan Rakyat parties, PKR and DAP, and a PAS split-off party, the National Trust Party.[11][12]

On 12 November 2016, a United Malays National Organisation split-off party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, founded and led by former Malaysian Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, confirmed that the party was committed to joining the opposition bloc Pakatan Harapan.[13][14] Later, on 13 December, the party formed an electoral pact with Pakatan Harapan,[15] and finally on 14 March 2017, BERSATU officially joined Pakatan Harapan as a member party.[16]

2018 general election

On 14 July 2017, the Presidential council line-up was confirmed. A common logo was also introduced with the word “Harapan” with the “A” shaped as a chevron in white on a red background. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election, but the use of the logo and registration of the coalition was denied by the Election Commission.[17] To pursue the coalition's plan to contest under a common logo, Pakatan announced that the PKR logo will be used by all component parties of the coalition as its election symbol in the elections,[18] excluding for DAP who chose to contest under their own party flag in Sabah and Sarawak.[19][20][21]

The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party for the 2018 general election. WARISAN's president, Shafie Apdal, promised that the party would be represented on the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power,[22] adding that through the electoral pact they will only co-operate with Pakatan as an ally, and not joining the pact as a component party since they will only contest in Sabah, not in Peninsular Malaysia.[23] In that election, Pakatan Harapan swept the election and formed the government in a surprise upset overturning the former ruling party UMNO's decades of uninterrupted rule, as the Malay vote was dissatisfied and mainly went to Amanah and popular former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's party Bersatu, while the Chinese vote was solidly behind parties like DAP and PKR. Following the surprise victory of Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN in the general election, the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation announced that they have left Barisan Nasional and will form a new Sabah state government with WARISAN and Pakatan Harapan.[24] UPKO and WARISAN are currently both the allies for Pakatan Harapan since both parties are also allied towards each other's in Sabah.[25]

At the state level, due to 2018 general election results the coalition formed the government in the states of Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Johor and Sabah.[note 1] Pakatan Harapan also forms a government with a two-thirds majority in the states of Penang, Selangor and Johor.

Post-election

Main article: 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis

On 16 May 2018, the coalition was officially registered.[26] After winning the power in 2018, the coalition made some efforts in ensuring an independent trial for Najib's corruption charges, an independent anti-corruption commission, and repealing anti-fake news law. On the other hand, other issues such as decentralisation of powers to Sabah and Sarawak, educational reform, issues relating to indigenous people (orang asli), racial equality, and political patronage remained unchanged. Meanwhile, the Pakatan Harapan government was distracted by factional infighting.[27]

On 24 February 2020, Mahathir resigned as the Prime Minister. BERSATU which had 26 MPs, withdrew from the ruling Pakatan Harapan coalition. In addition, 11 MPs from PKR resigned from the party to form an independent bloc. This leaves Pakatan Harapan 37 seats short of the 112 seats needed to form a government. The surprise announcement came amid speculation that Mahathir was attempting to form a new ruling coalition that would exclude his designated successor Anwar Ibrahim.[6][7][8] However, Anwar later clarified to reporters that Mahathir did not orchestrate the act. These events also resulted in the number of Pakatan Harapan coalition member parties returned to the original three.[28]

At the state level, Pakatan Harapan lost control of Johor, Malacca, Perak and Kedah. A few PKR, DAP and AMANAH representatives in the state legislative assemblies quit their party and expressed support for the new government Perikatan Nasional in those four states.[29][30][31][32]

Member parties, allied parties and strategic partners

Flag Name Ideology Position Leader(s) Seats
contested 		2018 result Current
seats
Votes (%) Seats Composition
Member parties
DAP Democratic Action Party
Parti Tindakan Demokratik 		Social democracy Centre-left Anthony Loke 47 17.37%
42 / 222
42 / 91
 PKR People's Justice Party
Parti Keadilan Rakyat 		Social justice Anwar Ibrahim 71 16.94%
47 / 222
36 / 91
 AMANAH National Trust Party
Parti Amanah Negara 		Islamic modernism Mohamad Sabu 34 5.43%
11 / 222
11 / 91
UPKO United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation
Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu 		Sabah regionalism N/A Wilfred Madius Tangau 4
(under BN) 		0.47%
1 / 222
1 / 91
Allied parties
MUDA Malaysian United Democratic Alliance
Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia[33][34] 		Youth politics Centre-left Syed Saddiq N/A N/A
0 / 222
1 / 91
 KEMAJUAN Malaysian Advancement Party
Parti Kemajuan Malaysia 		Egalitarianism N/A Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy N/A N/A
0 / 222
0 / 91
Strategic partners
PSM Socialist Party of Malaysia
Parti Sosialist Malaysia 		Socialism Left-wing Michael Jeyakumar Devaraj 4 0.03%
0 / 222
0 / 91

List of leaders

Chairmen

No. Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Term of office Time in office Political party
1 Mahathir Mohamad
(b. 1925) 		14 July 2017 24 February 2020 2 years, 225 days BERSATU
2 Anwar Ibrahim
(b. 1947) 		14 May 2020 Incumbent 4 years, 171 days PKR

President

No. Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Term of office Time in office Political party
1 Wan Azizah Wan Ismail
(b. 1952) 		14 July 2017 Incumbent 7 years, 110 days PKR

Women Chiefs

No. Name

(Birth–Death)

Portrait Term of office Time in office Political party
1 Zuraida Kamaruddin
(b. 1958) 		File:Hajah Zuraida Kamaruddin.png 14 August 2017 24 February 2020 2 years, 194 days PKR
2 Chong Eng
(b. 1957) 		18 March 2021 12 September 2021 178 days DAP
3 Raj Muni Sabu @ Aiman Athirah
(b. unknown) 		12 September 2021 Incumbent 3 years, 50 days AMANAH

Youth Chiefs

No. Name

(Birth–Death)

Portrait Term of office Time in office Political party
1 Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad
(b. 1982) 		File:Nik Nazmi.jpg 31 October 2017 13 December 2018 1 year, 43 days PKR
2 Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman
(b. 1992) 		13 December 2018 24 February 2020 1 year, 73 days BERSATU
3 Shazni Munir Mohd Ithnin
(1987–2021) 		4 March 2021 6 August 2021 155 days AMANAH
4 Howard Lee Chuan How
(b. 1983) 		File:Howard Lee Chuan How.jpg 12 September 2021 29 July 2022 320 days DAP
5 Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen
(b. 1986) 		29 July 2022 Incumbent 2 years, 95 days DAP

Leadership structure

Central Leadership Council

Youth Wing (Angkatan Muda Harapan)

  • Youth Chief:
  • Deputy Youth Chiefs:
    • Hasbie Muda
    • Adam Adli
    • Nurthaqaffah Nordin
    • Felix Joseph Saang
  • Vice-Youth Chiefs:
    • Nik Abdul Razak Nik Md Ridzuan
    • Young Syefura Othman
    • Muhammad Kamil Abdul Munim
    • Kennedy John Angian
  • Youth Secretary:
    • Musaddeq Khalid
  • Deputy Youth Secretary:
    • Omar Mokhtar A Manap
  • Youth Treasurer:
    • Lim Yi Wei
  • Deputy Youth Treasurer:
    • Nur Najihah Muhaimin
  • Youth Communications Director:
    • Muhammad Haziq Azfar Ishak
  • Youth Public Policies Directors:
    • Ong Chun Wei
    • Nadia Fathin Syahira Ahmad Nazri
    • Ammar Atan
  • Youth Mobilization Directors:
    • Umar Khair
    • Abbas Azmi
    • Jason Raj Kirupanantha
  • Youth Elections Directors:

|}

Women's Wing (Wanita Pakatan Harapan)

  • Women's Chief:
    • Amina Athirah Sabu
  • Deputy Women's Chiefs:
  • Vice-Women's Chiefs:
  • Women's Secretary:
  • Deputy Women's Secretary:
    • Norhayati Bidin
  • Women's Treasurer:
  • Women's Information Chief:
    • Soraya Salim
  • Women's Communications Director:
  • Women's Elections Director:
    • Rozita Abdul
  • Women's Training Director:
    • Sangetha Jayakumar
  • Media and IT Bureau Chief:
    • Loh Ker Chean
  • Public Policies Chief:
    • Kasthuriraani Patto
  • Mobilization Chief:
    • Anfaal Saari

Elected representatives

Dewan Negara (Senate)

Senators

Main article: Members of the Dewan Negara, 14th Malaysian Parliament

Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)

Members of Parliament of the 14th Malaysian Parliament

Main article: Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 14th Malaysian Parliament

Pakatan Harapan has 91 members in the House of Representatives (with allied parties).

State No. Parliament Constituency Member Party
 Perlis P002 Kangar Noor Amin Ahmad PKR
 Kedah P008 Pokok Sena Mahfuz Omar AMANAH
P009 Alor Setar Chan Ming Kai PKR
P010 Kuala Kedah Azman Ismail PKR
P014 Merbok Nor Azrina Surip PKR
P015 Sungai Petani Johari Abdul PKR
P017 Padang Serai Karuppaiya Muthusamy PKR
P018 Kulim-Bandar Baharu Saifuddin Nasution Ismail PKR
 Penang P043 Bagan Lim Guan Eng DAP
P044 Permatang Pauh Nurul Izzah Anwar PKR
P045 Bukit Mertajam Steven Sim Chee Keong DAP
P046 Batu Kawan Kasthuriraani Patto DAP
P048 Bukit Bendera Wong Hon Wai DAP
P049 Tanjong Chow Kon Yeow DAP
P050 Jelutong Sanisvara Nethaji Rayer Rajaji Rayer DAP
P051 Bukit Gelugor Ramkarpal Singh DAP
P052 Bayan Baru Sim Tze Tzin PKR
P053 Balik Pulau Muhammad Bakhtiar Wan Chik PKR
 Perak P057 Parit Buntar Mujahid Yusof Rawa AMANAH
P060 Taiping Teh Kok Lim DAP
P062 Sungai Siput Kesavan Subramaniam PKR
P064 Ipoh Timor Wong Kah Woh DAP
P065 Ipoh Barat Kulasegaran Murugeson DAP
P066 Batu Gajah Sivakumar Varatharaju Naidu DAP
P068 Beruas James Ngeh Koo Ham DAP
P070 Kampar Thomas Su Keong Siong DAP
P071 Gopeng Lee Boon Chye PKR
P074 Lumut Mohd Hatta Ramli AMANAH
P076 Teluk Intan David Nga Kor Ming DAP
P077 Tanjong Malim Chang Lih Kang PKR
 Pahang P080 Raub Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji DAP
P083 Kuantan Fuziah Salleh PKR
P088 Temerloh Anuar Tahir AMANAH
P089 Bentong Wong Tack DAP
 Selangor P094 Hulu Selangor June Leow Hsiad Hui PKR
P096 Kuala Selangor Dzulkefly Ahmad AMANAH
P097 Selayang William Leong Jee Keen PKR
P100 Pandan Wan Azizah Wan Ismail PKR
P101 Hulu Langat Hasanuddin Mohd. Yunus AMANAH
P102 Bangi Ong Kian Ming DAP
P103 Puchong Gobind Singh Deo DAP
P104 Subang Wong Chen PKR
P105 Petaling Jaya Maria Chin Abdullah PKR
P106 Damansara Tony Pua Kiam Wee DAP
P107 Sungai Buloh Sivarasa Rasiah PKR
P108 Shah Alam Khalid Samad AMANAH
P109 Kapar Abdullah Sani Abdul Hamid PKR
P110 Klang Charles Anthony Santiago DAP
P111 Kota Raja Mohamad Sabu AMANAH
P113 Sepang Mohamed Hanipa Maidin AMANAH
 Kuala Lumpur P114 Kepong Lim Lip Eng DAP
P115 Batu Prabakaran Parameswaran PKR
P116 Wangsa Maju Tan Yee Kew PKR
P117 Segambut Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan DAP
P118 Setiawangsa Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad PKR
P120 Bukit Bintang Fong Kui Lun DAP
P121 Lembah Pantai Fahmi Fadzil PKR
P122 Seputeh Teresa Kok Suh Sim DAP
P123 Cheras Tan Kok Wai DAP
 Negeri Sembilan P128 Seremban Anthony Loke Siew Fook DAP
P130 Rasah Cha Kee Chin DAP
P132 Port Dickson Anwar Ibrahim PKR
P133 Tampin Hasan Baharom AMANAH
 Malacca P136 Tangga Batu Rusnah Aluai PKR
P137 Hang Tuah Jaya Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin PKR
P138 Kota Melaka Khoo Poay Tiong DAP
 Johor P141 Sekijang Natrah Ismail PKR
P142 Labis Pang Hok Liong DAP
P144 Ledang Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh PKR
P145 Bakri Yeo Bee Yin DAP
P146 Muar Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman MUDA
P151 Simpang Renggam Maszlee Malik PKR
P152 Kluang Wong Shu Qi DAP
P159 Pasir Gudang Hassan Abdul Karim PKR
P160 Johor Bahru Akmal Nasrullah Mohd Nasir PKR
P161 Pulai Salahuddin Ayub AMANAH
P162 Iskandar Puteri Lim Kit Siang DAP
P163 Kulai Teo Nie Ching DAP
 Sabah P170 Tuaran Wilfred Madius Tangau UPKO
P172 Kota Kinabalu Chan Foong Hin DAP
P173 Putatan Awang Husaini Sahari PKR
P181 Tenom Noorita Sual DAP
P186 Sandakan Vivian Wong Shir Yee DAP
P190 Tawau Christina Liew Chin Jin PKR
 Sarawak P192 Mas Gading Mordi Bimol DAP
P195 Bandar Kuching Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen DAP
P196 Stampin Chong Chieng Jen DAP
P208 Sarikei Wong Ling Biu DAP
P211 Lanang Alice Lau Kiong Yieng DAP
P212 Sibu Oscar Ling Chai Yew DAP
P219 Miri Michael Teo Yu Keng PKR
Total Perlis (1), Kedah (7), Penang (10), Perak (12), Pahang (4), Selangor (16), F.T. Kuala Lumpur (9), Negeri Sembilan (4), Malacca (3), Johor (12), Sabah (6), Sarawak (7)

Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)

Main article: Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018-)
State No. Parliamentary

constituency

No. State Constituency Member Party
 Perlis P02 Kangar N7 Sena Asrul Nizan Abd Jalil PKR
N8 Indera Kayangan Gan Ay Ling PKR
N9 Kuala Perlis Nor Azam Karap PKR
 Kedah P05 Jerlun N3 Kota Siputeh Salmee Said AMANAH
P08 Pokok Sena N11 Derga Tan Kok Yew DAP
P09 Alor Setar N12 Suka Menanti Zamri Yusuf PKR
N13 Kota Darul Aman Teh Swee Leong DAP
N14 Alor Mengkudu Phahrolrazi Zawawi AMANAH
P10 Kuala Kedah N16 Kubang Rotan Mohd. Asmirul Anuar Rais AMANAH
N17 Pengkalan Kundor Ismail Salleh AMANAH
P12 Jerai N22 Gurun Johari Abdul PKR
P14 Merbok N25 Bukit Selambau Summugam Rengasamy PKR
P15 Sungai Petani N28 Bakar Arang Ooi Tze Min PKR
P18 Kulim-Bandar Baharu N35 Kulim Yeo Keng Chuan PKR
 Penang P41 Kepala Batas N3 Pinang Tunggal Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman PKR
P42 Tasek Gelugor N6 Telok Ayer Tawar Mustapha Kamal Ahmad PKR
P43 Bagan N7 Sungai Puyu Phee Boon Poh DAP
N8 Bagan Jermal Soon Lip Chee DAP
N9 Bagan Dalam Satees Muniandy DAP
P44 Permatang Pauh N11 Permatang Pasir Muhammad Faiz Mohamed Fadzil AMANAH
N12 Penanti Norlela Ariffin PKR
P45 Bukit Mertajam N13 Berapit Heng Lee Lee DAP
N14 Machang Bubok Lee Khai Loon PKR
N15 Padang Lalang Chong Eng DAP
P46 Batu Kawan N16 Perai Ramasamy Palanisamy DAP
N17 Bukit Tengah Gooi Hsiao Leung PKR
N18 Bukit Tambun Goh Choon Aik PKR
P47 Nibong Tebal N19 Jawi H’ng Mooi Lye DAP
N20 Sungai Bakap Amar Pritpal Abdullah PKR
P48 Bukit Bendera N22 Tanjong Bunga Zairil Khir Johari DAP
N23 Air Putih Lim Guan Eng DAP
N24 Kebun Bunga Ong Khan Lee PKR
N25 Pulau Tikus Chris Lee Chun Kit DAP
P49 Tanjong N26 Padang Kota Chow Kon Yeow DAP
N27 Pengkalan Kota Gooi Zi Sen DAP
N28 Komtar Teh Lai Heng DAP
P50 Jelutong N29 Datok Keramat Jagdeep Singh Deo DAP
N30 Sungai Pinang Lim Siew Khim DAP
N31 Batu Lancang Ong Ah Teong DAP
P51 Bukit Gelugor N32 Seri Delima Syerleena Abdul Rashid DAP
N33 Air Itam Joseph Ng Soon Seong DAP
N34 Paya Terubong Yeoh Soon Hin DAP
P52 Bayan Baru N35 Batu Uban Kumaresan Aramugam PKR
N36 Pantai Jerejak Saifuddin Nasution Ismail PKR
N37 Batu Maung Abdul Halim Hussain PKR
P53 Balik Pulau N38 Bayan Lepas Azrul Mahathir Aziz AMANAH
N39 Pulau Betong Mohd.Tuah Ismail PKR
 Perak P60 Taiping N16 Kamunting Mund. Fadhil Nuruddin AMANAH
N17 Pokok Assam Leow Thye Yih DAP
N18 Aulong Nga Kor Ming DAP
P62 Sungai Siput N22 Jalong Loh Sze Yee DAP
P63 Tambun N23 Manjoi Asmuni Awi AMANAH
N24 Hulu Kinta Muhamad Arafat Varisai Mahamad PKR
P64 Ipoh Timur N25 Canning Jenny Choy Tsi Jen DAP
N26 Tebing Tinggi Abdul Aziz Bari DAP
N27 Pasir Pinji Howard Lee DAP
P65 Ipoh Barat N28 Bercham Ong Boon Piow DAP
N29 Kepayang Ko Chung Sen DAP
P66 Batu Gajah N31 Jelapang Cheah Poh Hian DAP
N32 Menglembu Chaw Kam Foon DAP
P68 Bruas N37 Pantai Remis Wong May Ing DAP
N38 Astaka Teoh Yee Chern DAP
P70 Kampar N42 Keranji Chong Zhemin DAP
P71 Gopeng N44 Sungai Rapat Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin AMANAH
N45 Simpang Pulai Tan Kar Hing PKR
N46 Teja Ng Shy Ching PKR
P74 Lumut N51 Pasir Panjang Yahaya Mat Nor AMANAH
P76 Teluk Intan N55 Pasir Bedamar Terence Naidu Rajan Naidu @ Rajanaidu DAP
P77 Tanjong Malim N57 Sungkai Sivanesan Achalingam DAP
N59 Behrang Aminuddin Zulkipli AMANAH
 Pahang P78 Cameron Highlands N1 Tanah Rata Chiong Yoke Kong DAP
P80 Raub N7 Tras Chow Yu Hui DAP
P82 Indera Mahkota N13 Semambu Lee Chean Chung PKR
P83 Kuantan N14 Teruntum Sim Chon Siang PKR
P88 Temerloh N30 Mentakab Woo Chee Wan DAP
P89 Bentong N33 Bilut Lee Chin Chen DAP
N34 Ketari Young Syefura Othman DAP
N35 Sabai Kamache Doray Rajoo DAP
P90 Bera N38 Triang Leong Yu Man DAP
 Selangor P92 Sabak Bernam N2 Sabak Ahmad Mustain Othman PKR
P93 Sungai Besar N4 Sekinchan Ng Suee Lim DAP
P94 Ulu Selangor N6 Kuala Kubu Baharu Lee Kee Hiong DAP
P95 Tanjong Karang N9 Permatang Rozana Zainal Abidin PKR
P96 Kuala Selangor N10 Bukit Melawati Juwairiya Zulkifli PKR
N11 Ijok Idris Ahmad PKR
P97 Selayang N14 Rawang Chua Wei Kiat PKR
N15 Taman Templer Mohd Sany Hamzan AMANAH
P98 Gombak N16 Sungai Tua Amirudin Shari PKR
N18 Hulu Kelang Saari Sungib AMANAH
P100 Pandan N21 Pandan Indah Izham Hashim AMANAH
P101 Ulu Langat N23 Dusun Tua Edry Faizal Eddy Yusof DAP
P102 Bangi N25 Kajang Hee Loy Sian PKR
N26 Sungai Ramal Mazwan Johar AMANAH
N27 Balakong Wong Siew Ki DAP
P103 Puchong N28 Seri Kembangan Ean Yong Hiah Wah DAP
N29 Seri Serdang Siti Mariah Mahmud AMANAH
P104 Subang N30 Kinrara Ng Sze Han DAP
N31 Subang Jaya Michelle Ng Mei Sze DAP
P105 Petaling Jaya N32 Seri Setia Halimey Abu Bakar PKR
N33 Taman Medan Syamsul Firdaus Mohamed Supri PKR
N34 Bukit Gasing Rajiv Rishyakaran DAP
P106 Damansara N35 Kampung Tunku Lim Yi Wei DAP
N36 Bandar Utama Jamaliah Jamaluddin DAP
N37 Bukit Lanjan Elizabeth Wong PKR
P107 Sungai Buloh N38 Paya Jaras Mohd.Khairuddin Othman PKR
N39 Kota Damansara Shatiri Mansor PKR
P108 Shah Alam N40 Kota Anggerik Najwan Halimi PKR
N41 Batu Tiga Rodziah Ismail PKR
P109 Kapar N42 Meru Mohd. Fakhrulrazi Mohd. Mokhtar PKR
P110 Klang N45 Bandar Baru Klang Teng Chang Khim DAP
N46 Pelabuhan Klang Azmizam Zaman Huri PKR
N47 Pandamaran Leong Tuck Chee DAP
P111 Kota Raja N48 Sentosa Gunaraj George PKR
N49 Sungai Kandis Mohd.Zawawi Ahmad Mughni PKR
N50 Kota Kemuning Ganabatirau Veraman DAP
P112 Kuala Langat N52 Banting Lau Weng San DAP
N53 Morib Hasnul Baharuddin AMANAH
P113 Sepang N54 Tanjong Sepat Borhan Aman Shah PKR
N56 Sungai Pelek Ronnie Liu Tian Khiew DAP
 Negeri Sembilan P126 Jelebu N1 Chennah Anthony Loke Siew Fook DAP
N4 Kelawang Bakri Sawir AMANAH
P127 Jempol N8 Bahau Teo Kok Seong DAP
P128 Seremban N9 Lenggeng Suhaimi Kassim AMANAH
N10 Nilai Arul Kumar Jambunathan DAP
N11 Lobak Chew She Yong DAP
N12 Temiang Ng Chin Tsai DAP
N13 Sikamat Aminuddin Harun PKR
N14 Ampangan Mohamad Rafie Ab. Malik PKR
P129 Kuala Pilah N18 Pilah Mohamad Nazaruddin Sabtu PKR
P130 Rasah N20 Labu Ismail Ahmad PKR
N21 Bukit Kepayang Nichole Tan Lee Koon DAP
N22 Rahang Mary Josephine Pritam Singh DAP
N23 Mambau Yap Yew Weng DAP
N24 Seremban Jaya Gunasekaren Palasamy DAP
P131 Rembau N25 Paroi Mohd Taufek Abd Ghani AMANAH
P132 Port Dickson N29 Chuah Yek Diew Ching PKR
N30 Lukut Choo Ken Hwa DAP
N33 Sri Tanjong Ravi Munasamy PKR
P133 Tampin N36 Repah Veerapan Superamaniam DAP
 Malacca P137 Hang Tuah Jaya N16 Ayer Keroh Kerk Chee Yee DAP
N17 Bukit Katil Adly Zahari AMANAH
P138 Kota Melaka N19 Kesidang Seah Shoo Chin DAP
N20 Kota Laksamana Low Chee Leong DAP
N22 Bandar Hilir Leng Chau Yen DAP
 Johor P140 Segamat N2 Jementah Ng Kor Sim DAP
P144 Ledang N10 Tangkak Ee Chin Li DAP
P145 Bakri N12 Bentayan Ng Yak Howe DAP
N13 Simpang Jeram Salahuddin Ayub AMANAH
P150 Batu Pahat N23 Penggaram Gan Peck Cheng DAP
P152 Kluang N28 Mengkibol Chew Chong Sin DAP
P158 Tebrau N41 Puteri Wangsa Amira Aisya MUDA
P159 Pasir Gudang N42 Johor Jaya Liow Cai Tung DAP
P160 Johor Bahru N45 Stulang Chen Kah Eng DAP
P161 Pulai N46 Perling Liew Chin Tong DAP
P162 Iskandar Puteri N48 Skudai Marina Ibrahim DAP
P163 Kulai N51 Bukit Batu Arthur Chiong Sen Sern PKR
N52 Senai Wong Bor Yang DAP
 Sabah P169 Kota Belud N11 Kadamaian Ewon Benedick UPKO
P171 Sepanggar N18 Inanam Peto Galim PKR
P172 Kota Kinabalu (Jesselton) N19 Likas Tan Lee Fatt DAP
N20 Api-Api Chtistiina Liew PKR
N21 Luyang Phoong Jin Zhe DAP
P174 Penampang N25 Kapayan Jannie Lasimbang DAP
P186 Sandakan N56 Tanjong Papat Frankie Poon DAP
 Sarawak P195 Bandar Kuching N09 Padungan Chong Chieng Jen DAP
N10 Pending Violet Yong Wui Wui DAP
Total Perlis (3), Kedah (11), Penang (33), Perak (23), Pahang (9), Selangor (40), Negeri Sembilan (20), Malacca (5), Johor (13), Sabah (7), Sarawak (2)

Pakatan Harapan state governments

State Leader type Member Party State Constituency
 Negeri Sembilan Menteri Besar Aminuddin Harun PKR Template:Nseat
 Penang Chief Minister Chow Kon Yeow DAP Template:Nseat
 Selangor Menteri Besar Amirudin Shari PKR Template:Nseat
State Leader type Member Party State Constituency
 Penang Deputy Chief Minister I Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman PKR Template:Nseat
 Penang Deputy Chief Minister II Ramasamy Palanisamy DAP Template:Nseat
State Leader type Member Party State Constituency
 Negeri Sembilan Speaker Zulkefly Mohamad Omar AMANAH Non-MLA
 Negeri Sembilan Deputy Speaker Ravi Munusamy PKR Template:Nseat
 Penang Speaker Law Choo Kiang PKR Non-MLA
 Penang Deputy Speaker Amar Pritpal Abdullah PKR Template:Nseat
 Selangor Speaker Ng Suee Lim DAP Template:Nseat
 Selangor Deputy Speaker Hasnul Baharuddin AMANAH Template:Nseat

Anwar Shadow Cabinet (2021–)

On 9 May 2021, the Pakatan Harapan secretariat has announced the members of nine committees to address issues of the day, given the Perikatan Nasional government's "incompetency" and "inability to lead the country".

The committees are Education, Health, Economy, Security, Gender, Youth, Cost-of-Living, Legal, Mobilisation, Plantation and Food Industry, and Communication, Digital and Multimedia. With the Education and Health committee led by Simpang Renggam MP Maszlee Malik and Kuala Selangor MP Dzulkefly Ahmad, respectively.[35][36]

1. Education Committee

2. Health Committee

3. Economy Committee

4. Security Committee

  • Mohamad Sabu, Kota Raja MP
  • Datuk Johari Abdul, Sungai Petani MP and Gurun MLA
  • Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh, Ledang MP
  • Muhammad Faiz Fadzil, Permatang Pasir MLA
  • Liew Chin Tong, Perling MLA
  • Syahredzan Johan

5. Gender Committee

6. Youth Committee

7. Cost-of-Living Committee

8. Legal Committee

9. Mobilisation Committee

10. Plantation and Food Industry Committee

11. Communication, Digital and Multimedia Committee

12. Religion Committee

General election results

Election Total seats won Seats contesed Total votes Voting Percentage Outcome of election Election leader
2018
122 / 222
 222 5,615,822 45.56% Increase53 seats; Governing coalition,
later Opposition coalition 		Mahathir Mohamad
2022
0 / 222
 TBD TBD TBD TBD Anwar Ibrahim

State election results

State election State Legislative Assembly
Perlis Kedah Kelantan Terengganu Penang Perak Pahang Selangor Negeri Sembilan Malacca Johor Sabah Sarawak Total won / Total contested
2/3 majority
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2016
10 / 82
2018
3 / 15
18 / 36
0 / 45
0 / 32
37 / 40
29 / 59
9 / 42
51 / 56
20 / 36
15 / 28
36 / 56
29 / 60
241 / 587
2020
32 / 73
2021
5 / 28
5 / 28
2021
2 / 82
2 / 62
2022
12 / 56
12 / 50

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The state government of Sabah was formed with a confidence and supply agreement with WARISAN and UPKO.

References

  1. ^ Ram Anand (11 September 2017). "Pakatan Harapan adds two VPs to represent Indians, Sabahans". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  2. ^ Yimie Yong (17 May 2018). "It's official! Pakatan gets its certificate of registration from RoS". The Star. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  3. ^ Masriwanie Muhamading (12 May 2017). "Pakatan Harapan youth wings' economic model targeting 1mil jobs for youth". Astro Awani. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  4. ^ "Senarai penuh Majlis Pimpinan Pemuda Pakatan Harapan" (in Malay). Astro Awani. 31 October 2017. Archived from the original on 31 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  5. ^ "Wanita Pakatan pledges to raise women in politics, economy, social welfare". The Malaysian Insight. 11 October 2017. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  6. ^ a b "Malaysia's Mahathir submits resignation, 'quits' his party". Al Jazeera. 24 February 2020. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  7. ^ a b Teoh, Shannon (24 February 2020). "Mahathir resigns as Malaysian Prime Minister, PH loses majority after MPs leave". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  8. ^ a b Regan, Helen (24 February 2020). "Malaysia's Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigns". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Pakatan Rakyat Split Will Change Country's Political Landscape". Bernama. Malaysian Digest. 17 June 2015. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  10. ^ Asrul Hadi Abdullah Sani (18 June 2015). "Break up of Malaysia's opposition bloc Pakatan Rakyat: What happened and what's next?". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  11. ^ Harits Asyraf Hasnan (22 September 2015). "New Pakatan Harapan coalition formed". Astro Awani. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  12. ^ Shannon Teoh (23 September 2015). "Malaysia's opposition forms Pakatan Harapan alliance". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  13. ^ Melissa Goh (12 November 2016). "'The only way to win is to unite and contest under one party': Mahathir". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  14. ^ Sheridan Mahavera (16 November 2016). "By courting rural Muslims, has Malaysia's opposition found key to winning power for first time in 60 years?". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  15. ^ Hana Naz Harun (13 December 2016). "PPBM officially signs agreement to join Pakatan Harapan". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  16. ^ "PPBM wants name change before joining Pakatan Harapan". Antara Pos. 14 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  17. ^ "Dr Mahathir Mohamad is Pakatan chairman, Dr Wan Azizah made president". The Malay Mail. Today Online. 14 July 2017. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  18. ^ Rizalman Hamim; Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof (6 April 2018). "Pakatan to use PKR logo in GE14". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  19. ^ "Opposition Pact to unveil common logo for GE14 on Friday". New Straits Times. 5 April 2018. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018. In a press conference at Parliament lobby on Thursday, Lim Guan Eng however said the change will only be for peninsula in the polls and the four parties will not use the common Pakatan Harapan logo in Sabah and Sarawak for GE14 election campaign. They're different because they have autonomy. So we respect this and they can use the DAP rocket logo.
  20. ^ Julia Chan (6 April 2018). "Sabah, Sarawak Pakatan parties won't use common logo". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018. This was a big decision for us, to be able to exercise our autonomy and decide for ourselves. We chose to use our own respective party flags. So, PKR, DAP and Amanah flags will be used here.
  21. ^ Sharon Ling (9 April 2018). "Sarawak DAP to use rocket logo for GE14". The Star. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018. We have decided that DAP will use the rocket symbol while PKR and Amanah will both use the PKR logo.
  22. ^ "Warisan seals electoral pact with DAP and PKR". Malaysiakini. 2 April 2018. Archived from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.(subscription required)
  23. ^ Suzianah Jiffar (2 April 2018). "Warisan will work only with Pakatan Harapan for GE14". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  24. ^ Tan Su Lin (10 May 2018). "UPKO umum keluar BN, wujud kerajaan campuran dengan Warisan" (in Malay). Astro Awani. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  25. ^ "UPKO bentuk pakatan dengan Warisan" (in Malay). Berita Harian. 10 May 2018. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  26. ^ "Pakatan Harapan is officially registered". Free Malaysia Today. 16 May 2018. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  27. ^ Tapsell, Ross (2020). "Malaysia in 2019". Southeast Asian Affairs. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute: 191–208. doi:10.1355/aa20-1k. JSTOR 26938891. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  28. ^ "Mahathir did not mastermind treacherous act, clarifies Anwar". Malaysiakini. 24 February 2020. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  29. ^ "Johor's Pakatan Harapan state government falls, new coalition to take over". CNA. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  30. ^ "Umno leader tipped to be new Melaka Chief Minister". New Straits Times. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  31. ^ "Kerajaan Pakatan Harapan Perak tumbang (Perak Pakatan Harapan government collapses)". Berita Harian. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  32. ^ "Four Perak PH assemblymen quit party, support Perikatan Nasional". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  33. ^ "Syed Saddiq applies to register new party, Muda". The Star.
  34. ^ "Ready, Syed, go: Syed Saddiq registers new party, 'Muda' | New Straits Times". 17 September 2020.
  35. ^ "Pakatan names members of 9 panels formed due to govt's 'inability to lead'". The Vibes. 9 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  36. ^ "Log into Facebook". Facebook. Retrieved 20 September 2021. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
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