Alfredo Rocco
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Alfredo Rocco | |
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President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies | |
In office 24 May 1924 – 5 January 1925 | |
Preceded by | Enrico De Nicola |
Succeeded by | Antonio Casertano |
Italian Minister of Justice | |
In office 5 January 1925 – 20 July 1932 | |
Prime Minister | Benito Mussolini |
Preceded by | Aldo Oviglio |
Succeeded by | Pietro De Francisci |
Personal details | |
Born | 9 September 1875 (1875-09-09) Napoli, Italy |
Died | 28 August 1935 (1935-08-29) (aged 59) Rome, Italy |
Political party | Radical Party (until 1910) Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923) National Fascist Party (1923–1935) |
Alfredo Rocco (9 September 1875 – 28 August 1935) was an Italian politician and jurist.
Rocco was born in Naples.
He was Professor of Commercial Law at the University of Urbino (1899–1902) and in Macerata (1902–1905), then Professor of Civil Procedure in Parma, of Business Law in Padua, and later of Economic Legislation at "La Sapienza" University of Rome, of which he was rector from 1932 to 1935.
Rocco as an economist-minded politician developed the early concept of the economic and political theory of corporatism[1] which, later adapted, would become part of the ideology of the National Fascist Party.
Rocco began his political career as a Marxist in the Radical Party but eventually turned to the "proletarian nationalism" of the Italian Nationalist Association (ANI), a political party that he had major influences on. Rocco was critical of Italy's weak material and economic power which he said was responsible for Italian dependence on the European "plutocracies" of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom.[2] Rocco also denounced the European powers for imposing foreign culture on Italy and criticized the European powers for endorsing too much individualism.[3] In 1920 he became director of the newspaper L'Idea nazionale, official organ of the Nationalist Association[4]. He later joined the National Fascist Party once they merged with the Italian Nationalist Association.[5] In a 1925 speech Rocco interpreted the ideology of fascism as the means by which the individual is sacrificed for the good of society, declaring: "For Fascism, society is the end, individuals the means, and its whole life consists in using individuals as instruments for its social ends."[6]
Elected in 1921 at the Chamber of Deputies, of which he was President in 1924, from 1925 to 1932 he was Minister of Justice and promoted the criminal codification, by signing in 1930 the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure (with the help of Vincenzo Manzini), and reconciling Classical and Positivist school with the system of so-called "double track". From 1932 to 1935 Rocco was rector of the University "La Sapienza" of Rome.
References
- ^ Payne, Stanley G. 1996. A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. Routledge. Pp. 64
- ^ Gregor, James A. 2005. Mussolini's Intellectuals: Fascist Social and Political Thought.Princeton: Princeton University Press. p42
- ^ Gregor. p42-43
- ^ Fonzo, Erminio (2017). Storia dell'Associazione nazionalista italiana (1910–1923). Napoli: Edizioni scientifiche italiane. ISBN 978-88-495-3350-7.
- ^ Chilton, Stephen (22 April 2005). "Notes on Ball & Dagger reader; Alfredo Rocco (1925 [trans. 1926])"The Political Theory of Fascism"" (Web). Selections from The Political Doctrine of Fascism. The University of Minnesota. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
- ^ Alfredo Rocco, “The Political Doctrine of Fascism,” speech delivered at Perugia, 30 August 1925. Speech printed in The Primer of Italian Fascism, Jeffrey T. Schnapp, editor, University of Nebraska Press, 2000, p. 112
- Rocco D'Alfonso at unipv.it
Political offices | ||
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Preceded by | President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies 1924–1925 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by Aldo Oviglio
|
Italian Minister of Justice 1925–1932 |
Succeeded by Pietro De Francisci
|
Members of Mussolini Cabinet | ||
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Head of government and duce of Fascism | ||
Minister of Aeronautics (since 1925) | ||
Minister of Foreign Affairs | ||
Minister of Agriculture (abolished in 1923) | ||
Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (since 1929) | ||
Minister of the Colonies (abolished in 1937) | ||
Minister of Italian Africa (since 1937) | ||
Minister of Communications (since 1924) | ||
Minister of Corporations (since 1926) | ||
Ministry of Popular Culture (since 1937) | ||
Minister of the Interior | ||
Minister of Domestic Economy | ||
Minister of Domestic Education | ||
Minister of Finance | ||
Minister of Justice and Affairs of Religion | ||
Minister of Industry and Commerce | ||
Minister of Public Works | ||
Minister of War | ||
Minister of Labour and Social Security | ||
Minister of Posts and Telegraphs | ||
Minister of War Production (since 6 February 1943) | ||
Minister of Public Education | ||
Minister of Trades and Currencies | ||
Minister of Press and Propaganda | ||
Minister of Freed Territories from Enemies (abolished on 5 February 1923) | ||
Minister of Treasure (merged into Ministry of Finance on 31 December 1922) |
International | |
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National | |
Academics | |
People | |
Other |
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