Turkish delight: Difference between revisions
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* [[Cypriot cuisine|Cypriot Greek/Turkish]]: "λουκούμι" (''lukumi''), "lokum" |
* [[Cypriot cuisine|Cypriot Greek/Turkish]]: "λουκούμι" (''lukumi''), "lokum" |
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* [[Czech cuisine|Czech]]: "rahat" |
* [[Czech cuisine|Czech]]: "rahat" |
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* [[French cuisine|Frenh]]: "loukoum" |
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* [[Greek cuisine|Greek]]: "λουκούμι" (''lukumi'') |
* [[Greek cuisine|Greek]]: "λουκούμι" (''lukumi'') |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Israeli cuisine|Hebrew]]: "רחת לוקום" ("rakhat lokum") |
* [[Israeli cuisine|Hebrew]]: "רחת לוקום" ("rakhat lokum") |
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* [[Italian cuisine|Italian]]: "Lokun" |
* [[Italian cuisine|Italian]]: "Lokun" |
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* [[Korean cuisine|Korean]]: "[[tteok]]" |
* [[Korean cuisine|Korean]]: "[[tteok]]" |
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* [[Macedonian cuisine (Slavic)|Macedonian]]: "локум" (''lokum'') |
* [[Macedonian cuisine (Slavic)|Macedonian]]: "локум" (''lokum'') |
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| ⚫ | |||
* [[Polish cuisine|Polish]]: "rachatłukum" or "lokum" |
* [[Polish cuisine|Polish]]: "rachatłukum" or "lokum" |
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* [[Portuguese cuisine|Portuguese]]: "Manjar turco" or "delícia turca" |
* [[Portuguese cuisine|Portuguese]]: "Manjar turco" or "delícia turca" |
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Revision as of 12:05, 29 November 2011
 An assortment of Turkish delight | |
| Alternative names | Lokum |
|---|---|
| Course | Snack |
| Place of origin |  Ottoman Empire |
| Region or state | Turkey |
| Created by | Ottoman |
| Serving temperature | Room temperature |
| Main ingredients | Starch, sugar |
| Variations | Multiple |
Turkish delight or lokum is a family of confections based on a gel of starch and sugar. Premium varieties consist largely of chopped dates, pistachios and hazelnuts or walnuts bound by the gel; the cheapest are mostly gel, generally flavored with rosewater, mastic, or lemon. The confection is often packaged and eaten in small cubes dusted with icing sugar, copra, or powdered cream of Tartar, to prevent clinging. Other common types include such flavors as cinnamon and mint. In the production process, soapwort may be used as an emulsifying additive.
History
The sweet as it is known today was invented by Bekir Effendi, who moved from his hometown Kastamonu to Istanbul and opened his confectionery shop near the Yeni Camii Mosque in 1776.[1]
Originally, honey and molasses were its sweeteners, and water and flour were the binding agents, with rosewater, lemon peel and bitter orange as the most common flavors (red, yellow and green). Lokum was introduced to Western Europe in the 19th century. An unknown Briton reputedly became very fond of the delicacy during his travels to Istanbul and purchased cases of it, to be shipped back to Britain under the name Turkish delight. It became a major delicacy in Britain and throughout Continental Europe for the high class society. During this time, it became a practice among upperclass socialites to exchange pieces of Turkish delight wrapped in silk handkerchiefs as presents.
Name
The Turkish words lokma and lokum are derived from the Arabic لقمة luqma(t), meaning morsel and mouthful, plural لقوم luqūm.[2] The alternate Ottoman name rahat hulkum, from Arabic راحة الحلقوم raḥat al-ḥulqum, means contentment of the throat.[3][4] In Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia, it is called حلقوم ḥalqūm. Its name in Bosnia (rahat lokum), in Serbia it is called (ratluk), and in Romania (rahat) clearly relate this etymology. Its name in Greek, λουκούμι (loukoumi), shares a similar etymology with the modern Turkish. In parts of Cyprus, where the dessert has protected geographical indication (PGI),[5] it is also marketed as Cyprus Delight.[6]
In English, it was formerly called Lumps of Delight.[7]
Around the world
In Australia, Turkish delight was once known as "Tom Bee", after a returning serviceman who introduced the delicacy after the Second World War.[citation needed] The serviceman, Tom Bradfield, was a personal friend of the Tasmanian Governor at the time, Sir Tannon Muller, who became responsible for the "Tom Bee's" widespread popularity.
In North America, Turkish delight is not especially common, though it forms the basic foundation of the Big Turk chocolate bar (distributed by Nestlé in Canada) as well as the basis for most of Liberty Orchards' line of confectionery, including their various "Fruit Delights" and Aplets & Cotlets. Additionally, the Nory Candy company of California has been producing their "Rahat Locum" version of Turkish delight for 30 years.
Elsewhere, Fry's Turkish Delight is produced by Cadbury in the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa and can also be found in Canada and New Zealand. The interior jelly of jelly beans may trace its origin back to Turkish delight.[8] The confection is known in Brazil as Delícia Turca or Bala de Goma (Síria/Árabe). In Greece and its islands it is often branded "Greek Delight", possibly because of the historic hostility between Greece and Turkey.
The following is a list of names in other languages, or the names of similar dishes:
- Albanian: "llokum"
- Arabic: راحة (rāḥah) or راحة الحلقوم (rāhat al-ḥulqūm)
- Armenian: "hanksdabadar"
- Azerbaijani: "rahat lukum"
- Bosnian: "rahat lokum"
- Bulgarian: "локум" (lokum)
- Croatian: "rahat-lokum"
- Cypriot Greek/Turkish: "λουκούμι" (lukumi), "lokum"
- Czech: "rahat"
- Frenh: "loukoum"
- Greek: "λουκούμι" (lukumi)
- Persian: "باسلق" (basloq)
- Hebrew: "רחת לוקום" ("rakhat lokum")
- Italian: "Lokun"
- Hungarian: "szultánkenyér" (literally meaning "Sultan's bread")
- Japanese: "ロクム" (rokumu)
- Korean: "tteok"
- Macedonian: "локум" (lokum)
- Polish: "rachatłukum" or "lokum"
- Portuguese: "Manjar turco" or "delícia turca"
- Romanian: "rahat"
- Russian: "рахат-лукум" (rahat-lukum)
- Serbian: "ратлук" (ratluk)
- Spanish: "Delicias turcas" or "lokum"
- Slovenian: "ratluk"
- Turkish: "lokum"
- Ukrainian: "лукум" (lukum)
Protected geographical indication
Despite its worldwide popularity and production in several countries, at present, the only protected geographical indication (PGI) for such a product is the name Λουκούμι Γεροσκήπου (Loukoumi Geroskipou) for Turkish delight made in Yeroskipou, Cyprus.[5][9]
In popular culture
Turkish delight features as the addictive confection to which Edmund Pevensie succumbs in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis. Sales of Turkish delight rose following the theatrical release of the film version of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.[10]
There are "gourmand" perfumes that use Loukoum or Loukhoum in their names and that are said to smell like the confection, as in Loukhoum by Ava Luxe, Loukhoum by Keiko Mecheri and Loukoum by Serge Lutens.
Turkish delight is the main subject of the song "Rahadlakum" from the Broadway musical Kismet.
Turkish delight is also the main subject of the song "Turkish Delight" from the album The Roar of Love completed by the 2nd Chapter of Acts in 1980.
The character of Rosa in Charles Dickens' unfinished The Mystery of Edwin Drood has an inordinate fondness for Turkish delight, which she frequently refers to as "Lumps of Delight."
Turkish delight is featured in the climax of the novel Strong Poison by Dorothy L. Sayers.
David Crowder*Band's song "Turkish Delight" was released on the Music Inspired by the Chronicles of Narnia compilation CD. This song, which is a reference to the magical Turkish delight in C. S. Lewis's book The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, has an old-school disco feel.
In 2008, Madonna referenced Turkish Delight in her 11th studio album, Hard Candy. During the song, Candy Shop, she uses the lyric: "...I've got Turkish Delight, baby and so much more."
Turkish delight also figures in a Peter Cook and Dudley Moore sketch, about a man who visits a psychiatrist to cure himself of an involuntary scream whenever he sees his wife Mary. The psychiatrist, played by Cook, gives him Turkish delight as a positive reinforcement whenever a picture of Mary is flashed on a screen.
An extraterrestrial form of Turkish delight called "Martian Delight" was a running gag in Fireball XL5. Doctor Venus' alien pet Zoonie the Lazoon was always getting itself (and, often, the rest of the characters) into trouble while trying to get into her supply of Martian Delight.
See also
References
- ^ Carol Helstosky, Food culture in the Mediterranean, 2011, xvi
- ^ Diran Kélékian, Dictionnaire Turc-Français (Ottoman Turkish), 1911
- ^ Maan Medina, Arabic-English Dictionary, 1973
- ^ Claudia Roden, A Book of Middle Eastern Food (Roden is Egyptian)
- ^ a b "Turks riled as Cyprus set to win EU trademark on Turkish delight". International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. December 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Cyprus villagers make giant sweet", BBC News, October 18, 2004
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary
- ^ "The History of Jelly Beans". National Confectioners Association. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) [dead link] - ^ Dossier Number CY/PGI/0005/0454 in the EU's Database of Origin and Registration.
- ^ Turkish Delight Sales Jump After Narnia Chronicles
External links
