Iraq Suwaydan: Difference between revisions

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Template:Infobox former Arab villages in Palestine Iraq Suwaydan (عراق سويدان) was a Palestinian Arab village located 27 kilometers northeast of Gaza City. In 1931, the village had 81 houses. The village infrastructure was destroyed with the exception of the Tegart fort built by the British Mandate authorities.

History

In the late nineteenth century, Iraq Suwaydan was described as a moderate-sized village situated on a plain.^[1]In 1942, an elementary school was opened. In 1947-1948, the children of the neighboring villages, Ibdis and Bayt 'Affa, also studied there. There were 104 students in the mid-1940s.^[2]

The main crop was grain, with some almond trees and grapes. In 1944/45 a total of 7,329 dunums was allocated to cereals, and 9 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards.^[2]^[3]

1948 and aftermath

On May 15,1948, the British authorities withdrew and the police fort was occupied by Arab forces. The fort controlled the road between al-Majdal and Bayt Jibrin as well as the main road to the Negev. Eight Israeli attempts to capture the fort failed. It finally fell on 9 November 1948 after a massive bombardment including air strikes by B-17 Flying Fortress aircraft.^[2] [ According to the Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, in 1953, Yad Natan was founded east of Iraq Suwaydan on village lands. In 1955, Otzem was established on village lands to the southeast and in 1956, Sde Yoav was established west of the site, close to village land.^[2]In 1992, remains of houses could be seen in a eucalyptus grove that Khalidi identified as the center of the village, along with cacti and remnants of a pool. Two roads, one passing through the village and the other leading to fields, were recognizable. The British police station, renamed Metzodat Yo'av, was still in use and the surrounding lands were cultivated by Israeli farmers.^[2]

References

^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p.259. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.108
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Khalidi, 1992, p.109
^ Hadawi, 1970, p.87

Bibliography

Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
Benvenisti, Meron (2002). Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23422-2. Retrieved 2013-11-05. P. 42
Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, retrieved 2013-11-05
Khalidi, Walid (1992). All That Remains. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas (PDF). Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-00967-7.
Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
Seriy, Gregory (2007): ‘Iraq Suweidan Final Report, Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel, No. 119.

External links

Iraq-Suwaydan

[1] Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p.259. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.108

[Khalidi,_1992,_p.109-2] Khalidi, 1992, p.109

[3] Hadawi, 1970, p.87

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 ==History==
-In the late nineteenth century, Iraq Suwaydan was described as a moderate-sized village situated on a plain.<ref>Conder and  Kitchener, 1883,  SWP III, [http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/259/mode/1up p.259]. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.108</ref>
+In the late nineteenth century, Iraq Suwaydan was described as a moderate-sized village situated on a plain.<ref>Conder and  Kitchener, 1883,  SWP III, [http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/259/mode/1up p.259]. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.108</ref>In 1942, an elementary school was opened. In 1947-1948, the children of the neighboring villages, [[Ibdis]] and [[Bayt 'Affa]], also studied there. There were 104 students in the mid-1940s.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109">Khalidi, 1992, p.109</ref>
-In 1942 the villagers established an elementary school, which from 1947 they shared with the neighboring villages of [[Ibdis]] and [[Bayt 'Affa]]. The total number of student was 104 in the mid-1940s.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109">Khalidi, 1992, p.109</ref>
+The main crop was grain, with some [[almond]] trees and grapes. In 1944/45 a total of 7,329 [[dunum]]s was allocated to [[cereal]]s, and 9 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109"/><ref>Hadawi, 1970, [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Gaza/Page-087.jpg p.87]</ref>
+==1948 and aftermath==
-The main crop of the village was grain, but small areas was also planted with [[almond]] trees and grapes. In 1944/45 a total of 7,329 [[dunum]]s was allocated to [[cereal]]s, 9 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109"/><ref>Hadawi, 1970, [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Gaza/Page-087.jpg p.87]</ref>
+[[File:Iraq Suwaydan 2.jpg|thumb|[[Palmach]] troops in Iraq Suwaydan]]
+[[File:Iraq Suwaydan 1.jpg|thumb|Police fort bombing, 9 November 1948]]
+On May 15,1948, the British authorities withdrew and the police fort was occupied by Arab forces. The fort controlled the road between [[Al-Majdal, Askalan|al-Majdal]] and [[Bayt Jibrin]] as well as the main road to the Negev. Eight Israeli attempts to capture the fort failed. It finally fell on 9 November 1948 after a massive bombardment including air strikes by B-17 Flying Fortress aircraft.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109"/>
-==1948, and after==
+[
-[[File:Iraq Suwaydan 2.jpg|thumb|left|Israeli soldiers with the fortress of Iraq Suwaydan in the distance]]
+According to the Palestinian historian [[Walid Khalidi]], in 1953, [[Yad Natan]] was founded east of Iraq Suwaydan on village lands. In 1955, [[Otzem]] was established on village lands to the southeast and in 1956, [[Sde Yoav]] was established west of the site, close to village land.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109" />In 1992, remains of houses could be seen in a  eucalyptus grove that Khalidi identified as the center of the village, along with cacti and remnants of a pool. Two roads, one passing through the village and the other leading to fields, were recognizable. The British police station, renamed [[Metzodat Yo'av]], was still in use and the surrounding lands were cultivated by Israeli farmers.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109"/>
-On May 15 the British authorities gave the local population control over the police fortress. Despite eight separate attacks, the Israelis failed to capture the fort, which controlled the road between [[Al-Majdal, Askalan|al-Majdal]] and [[Bayt Jibrin]] as well as the main road to the Negev. It finally fell on 9 November 1948 after a massive bombardment including air strikes by B-17 Flying Fortress aircraft.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109"/>
-[[File:Iraq Suwaydan 1.jpg|thumb|left|The bombardment, 9 November 1948.]]
-In 1953 [[Yad Natan]] was founded to the east of the site on village land. In 1955 [[Otzem]] was established on village land, to the southeast of the site. In 1956 [[Sde Yoav]] was established to the west of the site, close to village land.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109" />
-According to the Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, the  remaining structures on the village land were in 1992:
-"The debris of houses are hidden within a forest of eucalyptus trees that cover the village center. Cacti and the remnants of a pool are visible. Two old village streets, one passing through the site and the other through the land, are clearly recognizable. The British police station is still in use and is now called [[Metzodat Yo'av]]. The surrounding lands are now cultivated by Israeli farmers."<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p.109"/>
 ==See also==
-[[File:Iraq Suwaydan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Itzhak Sadeh]] visits the police fortress at Iraq Suwaydan, November 8, 1948]]
 *[[List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War]]

v t e Palestinian Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus by subdistrict
Acre	Amqa Arab al-Samniyya al-Bassa al-Birwa al-Damun Dayr al-Qassi al-Ghabisiyya Iqrit Iribbin Jiddin al-Kabri Kafr 'Inan Kuwaykat al-Manshiyya al-Mansura Mi'ar al-Nabi Rubin al-Nahr al-Ruways Suhmata al-Sumayriyya Suruh al-Tall Tarbikha Umm al-Faraj az-Zeeb
Beisan	Arab al-'Arida Arab al-Bawati Arab al-Safa al-Ashrafiyya al-Bira Beisan Danna Farwana al-Fatur al-Ghazzawiyya al-Hamidiyya al-Hamra Jabbul Kafra Kawkab al-Hawa al-Khunayzir Masil al-Jizl al-Murassas Qumya al-Sakhina al-Samiriyya Sirin Tall al-Shawk al-Taqa al-Tira Umm 'Ajra Umm Sabuna Yubla Zab'a al-Zawiya
Beersheba	al-Imara al-Jammama al-Khalasa Auja al-Hafir
Gaza	Arab Suqrir Barbara Barqa al-Batani al-Gharbi al-Batani al-Sharqi Bayt 'Affa Bayt Daras Bayt Jirja Bayt Tima Bil'in Burayr Dayr Sunayd Dimra al-Faluja Hamama Hatta Hiribya Huj Hulayqat Ibdis Iraq al-Manshiyya Iraq Suwaydan Isdud al-Jaladiyya al-Jiyya Julis al-Jura Jusayr Karatiyya Kawfakha Kawkaba al-Khisas al-Masmiyya al-Kabira al-Masmiyya al-Saghira al-Muharraqa Najd Ni'ilya Qastina al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya Simsim Summil Tall al-Turmus Yasur
Haifa	Abu Shusha Abu Zurayq Arab al-Fuqara Arab al-Nufay'at Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri 'Atlit Ayn Ghazal Ayn Hawd Balad al-Sheikh Barrat Qisarya Burayka al-Burj al-Butaymat Daliyat al-Rawha' al-Dumun al-Ghubayya al-Fawqa al-Ghubayya al-Tahta Hawsha Ijzim Jaba' al-Jalama Kabara al-Kafrayn Kafr Lam al-Kasayir Khubbayza Lid al-Manara al-Mansi al-Mansura al-Mazar Naghnaghiya Qannir Qira Qisarya Qumbaza al-Rihaniyya Sabbarin al-Sarafand al-Sarkas Sa'sa' al-Sawamir al-Shuna al-Sindiyana al-Tantura al-Tira Umm ash Shauf Umm az-Zinat Wa'arat al-Sarris Wadi Ara Yajur
Hebron	'Ajjur Barqusya Bayt Jibrin Bayt Nattif al-Dawayima Deir al-Dubban Dayr Nakhkhas Kudna Mughallis al-Qubayba Ra'na Tell es-Safi Umm Burj az-Zakariyya Zayta Zikrin
Jaffa	al-'Abbasiyya Abu Kabir Abu Kishk Bayt Dajan Biyar 'Adas Fajja al-Haram Ijlil al-Qibliyya Ijlil al-Shamaliyya al-Jammasin al-Gharbi al-Jammasin al-Sharqi Jarisha Kafr 'Ana al-Khayriyya al-Mas'udiyya al-Mirr al-Muwaylih Rantiya al-Safiriyya Salama Saqiya al-Sawalima al-Shaykh Muwannis Yazur
Jenin	al-Jawfa al-Mazar Ayn al-Mansi Lajjun Nuris Zir'in
Jerusalem	Allar Aqqur Artuf Bayt 'Itab Bayt Mahsir Bayt Naqquba Bayt Thul Bayt Umm al-Mays al-Burayj Dayr Aban Dayr 'Amr Dayr al-Hawa Dayr Rafat Dayr al-Shaykh Deir Yassin Ayn Karim Ishwa Islin Ism Allah Jarash al-Jura Kasla al-Lawz Lifta al-Maliha Nitaf al-Qabu Qalunya al-Qastal Ras Abu 'Ammar Sar'a Saris Sataf Sheikh Badr Suba Sufla al-Tannur al-'Umur al-Walaja
Nazareth	al-Mujaydil Indur Ma'alul Saffuriyya
Ramle	Abu al-Fadl Abu Shusha Ajanjul Aqir Barfiliya al-Barriyya Bashshit Bayt Far Bayt Jiz Bayt Nabala Bayt Shanna Bayt Susin Bir Ma'in Bir Salim al-Burj al-Buwayra Daniyal Dayr Abu Salama Dayr Ayyub Dayr Muhaysin Dayr Tarif al-Duhayriyya al-Haditha Idnibba Innaba Jilya Jimzu Kharruba al-Khayma Khulda al-Kunayyisa al-Latrun Lydda al-Maghar Majdal Yaba al-Mansura al-Mukhayzin al-Muzayri'a al-Na'ani al-Nabi Rubin Qatra Qazaza al-Qubab al-Qubayba Qula Ramla Sajad Salbit Sarafand al-Amar Sarafand al-Kharab Saydun Shahma Shilta al-Tina al-Tira Umm Kalkha Wadi Hunayn Yibna Zakariyya Zarnuqa
Safad	Abil al-Qamh al-'Abisiyya 'Akbara Alma Ammuqa Arab al-Shamalina Arab al-Zubayd Ayn al-Zaytun Baysamun Biriyya al-Butayha al-Buwayziyya Dallata al-Dawwara Dayshum al-Dirbashiyya al-Dirdara Fara al-Farradiyya Fir'im Ghabbatiyya Ghuraba al-Hamra' Harrawi Hunin al-Husayniyya Jahula al-Ja'una Jubb Yusuf Kafr Bir'im al-Khalisa Khan al-Duwayr Karraza al-Khisas Khiyam al-Walid Kirad al-Baqqara Kirad al-Ghannama Lazzaza Madahil Al-Malkiyya Mallaha al-Manshiyya al-Mansura Mansurat al-Khayt Marus Meiron al-Muftakhira Mughr al-Khayt al-Muntar al-Nabi Yusha' al-Na'ima Qabba'a Qadas Qaddita Qaytiyya al-Qudayriyya al-Ras al-Ahmar Sabalan Safsaf Saliha al-Salihiyya al-Sammu'i al-Sanbariyya Sa'sa' al-Shawka al-Tahta al-Shuna Taytaba Tulayl al-'Ulmaniyya al-'Urayfiyya al-Wayziyya Yarda, Safad al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta al-Zanghariyya Zawiya al-Zuq al-Fawqani al-Zuq al-Tahtani
Tiberias	Awlam al-Dalhamiyya Ghuwayr Abu Shusha Hadatha al-Hamma Hittin Kafr Sabt Lubya Ma'dhar al-Majdal al-Manara al-Manshiyya al-Mansura Nasir al-Din Nimrin al-Nuqayb Samakh al-Samakiyya al-Samra al-Shajara al-Tabigha al-'Ubaydiyya Wadi Hamam al-Wa'ra al-Sawda' Yaquq
Tulkarm	Bayt Lid Bayyarat Hannun Fardisya Ghabat Kafr Sur al-Jalama Kafr Saba al-Majdal al-Manshiyya Miska Qaqun Raml Zayta Tabsur Umm Khalid Wadi al-Hawarith Wadi Qabbani al-Zabadida Zalafa