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59th United States Congress

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59th United States Congress
58th ← → 60th
United States Capitol (1906)
March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1907
Members	90 senators 386 representatives 6 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Republican
Senate President	Charles W. Fairbanks
House majority	Republican
House Speaker	Joseph G. Cannon
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1905 – March 18, 1905 1st: December 4, 1905 – June 30, 1906 2nd: December 3, 1906 – March 3, 1907

The Fifty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1905 to March 4, 1907, during the fifth and sixth years of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twelfth Census of the United States in 1900. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Major events

Major legislation

June 8, 1906: Antiquities Act
June 29, 1906: Hepburn Act
June 30, 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 (Wiley Act), ch. 3915, 34 Stat. 768
June 30, 1906: Meat Inspection Act (Beveridge Act)
1906: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching chartered.^[1]
March 2, 1907: Expatriation Act of 1907, 34 Stat. 1228

Senate composition by party at the start of the 59th Congress

Party summary

Senate

Republican (R): 59 (majority)
Democratic (D): 31

TOTAL: 90

House of Representatives

Republican (R): 251 (majority)
Democratic (D): 135

TOTAL: 386

President of the Senate
Charles W. Fairbanks

Leaders

Senate

President: Charles W. Fairbanks (R)
President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R)

House of Representatives

Speaker: Joseph G. Cannon (R)

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

Alabama

2. John T. Morgan (D)
3. Edmund W. Pettus (D)

Arkansas

2. James H. Berry (D)
3. James P. Clarke (D)

California

3. George C. Perkins (R)
1. Frank P. Flint (R)

Colorado

3. Henry M. Teller (D)
2. Thomas M. Patterson (D)

Connecticut

3. Orville H. Platt (R), died April 21, 1905
Frank B. Brandegee (R), appointed May 10, 1905, subsequently elected
1. Morgan G. Bulkeley (R)

Delaware

2. J. Frank Allee (R)
1. Henry A. du Pont, (R), from June 13, 1906 (elected)

Florida

3. Stephen Mallory (D)
2. James P. Taliaferro (D)

Georgia

2. Augustus O. Bacon (D)
3. Alexander S. Clay (D)

Idaho

2. Fred T. Dubois (R)
3. Weldon B. Heyburn (R)

Illinois

2. Shelby M. Cullom (R)
3. Albert J. Hopkins (R)

Indiana

1. Albert J. Beveridge (R)
3. James A. Hemenway (R)

Iowa

3. William B. Allison (R)
2. Jonathan P. Dolliver (R)

Kansas

2. Joseph R. Burton (R), until June 4, 1906
Alfred W. Benson (R), from June 11, 1906 - January 23, 1907

Charles Curtis (R), from January 29, 1907
3. Chester I. Long (R)

Kentucky

2. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)
3. James B. McCreary (D)

Louisiana

3. Samuel D. McEnery (D)
2. Murphy J. Foster (D)

Maine

1. Eugene Hale (R)
2. William P. Frye (R)

Maryland

3. Arthur P. Gorman (D), died June 4, 1906
William P. Whyte (D), appointed June 8, 1906
1. Isidor Rayner (D)

Massachusetts

1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R)
2: Winthrop M. Crane (R)

Michigan

1. Julius C. Burrows (R)
2. Russell A. Alger (R), died January 24, 1907
William A. Smith (R), elected February 6, 1907

Minnesota

2. Knute Nelson (R)
1. Moses E. Clapp (R)

Mississippi

1. Hernando D. Money (D)
2. Anselm J. McLaurin (D)

Missouri

3. William J. Stone (D)
1. William Warner (R), from March 18, 1905

Montana

2. William A. Clark (D)
1. Thomas H. Carter (R)

Nebraska

2. Joseph H. Millard (R)
1. Elmer J. Burkett (R)

Nevada

3. Francis G. Newlands (D)
1. George S. Nixon (R)

New Hampshire

3. Jacob H. Gallinger (R)
2. Henry E. Burnham (R)

New Jersey

1. John Kean (R)
2. John F. Dryden (R)

New York

3. Thomas C. Platt (R)
1. Chauncey M. Depew (R)

North Carolina

2. Furnifold M. Simmons (D)
3. Lee S. Overman (D)

North Dakota

3. Henry C. Hansbrough (R)
1. Porter J. McCumber (R)

Ohio

3. Joseph B. Foraker (R)
1: Charles W. F. Dick (R)

Oregon

2. John H. Mitchell (R), died December 8, 1905
John M. Gearin (D), from December 13, 1905 until January 23, 1907 (appointed)

Frederick W. Mulkey (R), from January 23, 1907 (elected)
3. Charles W. Fulton (R)

Pennsylvania

3. Boies Penrose (R)
1. Philander C. Knox (R)

Rhode Island

1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R)
2. George P. Wetmore (R)

South Carolina

2. Benjamin R. Tillman (D)
3. Asbury C. Latimer (D)

South Dakota

2. Robert J. Gamble (R)
3. Alfred B. Kittredge (R)

Tennessee

1. William B. Bate (D), died March 9, 1905
James B. Frazier (D), from March 21, 1905 (appointed)
2. Edward W. Carmack (D)

Texas

1. Charles A. Culberson (D)
2. Joseph W. Bailey (D)

Utah

3. Reed Smoot (R)
1. George Sutherland (R)

Vermont

1. Redfield Proctor (R)
3. William P. Dillingham (R)

Virginia

1. John W. Daniel (D)
2. Thomas S. Martin (D)

Washington

3. Levi Ankeny (R)
1. Samuel H. Piles (R)

West Virginia

2. Stephen B. Elkins (R)
1. Nathan B. Scott (R)

Wisconsin

3. John C. Spooner (R)
1. Robert M. La Follette, Sr. (R) took office January 2, 1906^[2]

Wyoming

1. Clarence D. Clark (R)
2. Francis E. Warren (R)

House of Representatives

Alabama

Arkansas

1. Robert B. Macon (D)
2. Stephen Brundidge, Jr. (D)
3. John C. Floyd (D)
4. John S. Little (D), resigned January 14, 1907
5. Charles C. Reid (D)
6. Joseph Taylor Robinson (D)
7. Robert M. Wallace (D)

California

1. James N. Gillett (R), resigned November 4, 1906
- William F. Englebright (R), from November 6, 1906
2. Duncan E. McKinlay (R)
3. Joseph R. Knowland (R)
4. Julius Kahn (R)
5. Everis A. Hayes (R)
6. James C. Needham (R)
7. James McLachlan (R)
8. Sylvester C. Smith (R)

Colorado

Connecticut

1. E. Stevens Henry (R)
2. Nehemiah D. Sperry (R)
3. Frank B. Brandegee (R), resigned May 10, 1905
- Edwin W. Higgins (R), from October 2, 1905
4. Ebenezer J. Hill (R)
At-large. George L. Lilley (R)

Delaware

At-large. Hiram R. Burton (R)

Florida

Georgia

1. Rufus E. Lester (D), died June 16, 1906
- James W. Overstreet (D), from October 3, 1906
2. James M. Griggs (D)
3. Elijah B. Lewis (D)
4. William C. Adamson (D)
5. Leonidas F. Livingston (D)
6. Charles L. Bartlett (D)
7. Gordon Lee (congressman) (D)
8. William M. Howard (D)
9. Thomas M. Bell (D)
10. Thomas W. Hardwick (D)
11. William G. Brantley (D)

Idaho

At-large. Burton L. French (R)

Illinois

1. Martin B. Madden (R)
2. James R. Mann (R)
3. William W. Wilson (R)
4. Charles S. Wharton (R)
5. Anthony Michalek (R)
6. William Lorimer (R)
7. Philip Knopf (R)
8. Charles McGavin (R)
9. Henry S. Boutell (R)
10. George E. Foss (R)
11. Howard M. Snapp (R)
12. Charles Eugene Fuller (R)
13. Robert R. Hitt (R), until September 20, 1906
- Frank O. Lowden (R), November 6, 1906 - End
14. Benjamin F. Marsh (R), until June 2, 1905
- James McKinney (R), November 7, 1905 - End
15. George W. Prince (R)
16. Joseph V. Graff (R)
17. John A. Sterling (R)
18. Joseph G. Cannon (R)
19. William B. McKinley (R)
20. Henry T. Rainey (D)
21. Zeno J. Rives (R)
22. William A. Rodenberg (R)
23. Frank S. Dickson (R)
24. Pleasant T. Chapman (R)
25. George W. Smith (R)

Indiana

1. John H. Foster (R), from May 16, 1905 - End
2. John C. Chaney (R)
3. William T. Zenor (D)
4. Lincoln Dixon (D)
5. Elias S. Holliday (R)
6. James E. Watson (R)
7. Jesse Overstreet (R)
8. George W. Cromer (R)
9. Charles B. Landis (R)
10. Edgar D. Crumpacker (R)
11. Frederick Landis (R)
12. Newton W. Gilbert (R),until November 6, 1906
- Clarence C. Gilhams (R),from November 6, 1906 - End
13. Abraham L. Brick (R)

Iowa

Kansas

1. Charles Curtis (R), until January 28, 1907, vacant thereafter
2. Justin De Witt Bowersock (R)
3. Philip P. Campbell (R)
4. James Monroe Miller (R)
5. William A. Calderhead (R)
6. William A. Reeder (R)
7. Victor Murdock (R)
At-large. Charles Frederick Scott (R)

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

1. George P. Lawrence (R)
2. Frederick H. Gillett (R)
3. Rockwood Hoar (R), died November 1, 1906
- Charles G. Washburn (R), from December 18, 1906
4. Charles Q. Tirrell (R)
5. Butler Ames (R)
6. Augustus P. Gardner (R)
7. Ernest W. Roberts (R)
8. Samuel W. McCall (R)
9. John A. Keliher (D)
10. William S. McNary (D)
11. John Andrew Sullivan (D)
12. John W. Weeks (R)
13. William S. Greene (R)
14. William C. Lovering (R)

Michigan

1. Edwin C. Denby (R)
2. Charles E. Townsend (R)
3. Washington Gardner (R)
4. Edward L. Hamilton (R)
5. William Alden Smith (R), until February 9, 1907, vacant thereafter
6. Samuel W. Smith (R)
7. Henry McMorran (R)
8. Joseph W. Fordney (R)
9. Roswell P. Bishop (R)
10. George A. Loud (R)
11. Archibald B. Darragh (R)
12. H. Olin Young (R)

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

1. James Tilghman Lloyd (D)
2. William W. Rucker (D)
3. Frank B. Klepper (R)
4. Frank B. Fulkerson (R)
5. Edgar C. Ellis (R)
6. David A. De Armond (D)
7. John Welborn (R)
8. Dorsey W. Shackleford (D)
9. James Beauchamp Clark (D)
10. Richard Bartholdt (R)
11. John T. Hunt (D)
12. Ernest E. Wood (D), until June 23, 1906
- Harry M. Coudrey (R), from June 23, 1906; won contested election
13. Marion E. Rhodes (R)
14. William T. Tyndall (R)
15. Cassius M. Shartel (R)
16. Arthur P. Murphy (R)

Montana

At-large. Joseph M. Dixon (R)

Nebraska

1. Elmer Burkett (R), until March 4, 1905
- Ernest M. Pollard (R), from July 18, 1905
2. John L. Kennedy (R)
3. John J McCarthy (R)
4. Edmund H. Hinshaw (R)
5. George W. Norris (R)
6. Moses P. Kinkaid (R)

Nevada

At-large. Clarence D. Van Duzer (D)

New Hampshire

1. Cyrus Adams Sulloway (R)
2. Frank Dunklee Currier (R)

New Jersey

New York

1. William W. Cocks (R)
2. George H. Lindsay (D)
3. Charles T. Dunwell (R)
4. Charles B. Law (R)
5. George E. Waldo (R)
6. William M. Calder (R)
7. John J. Fitzgerald (D)
8. Timothy D. Sullivan (D), resigned July 27, 1906
- Daniel J. Riordan (D), from November 6, 1906
9. Henry M. Goldfogle (D)
10. William Sulzer (D)
11. William Randolph Hearst (D)
12. W. Bourke Cockran (D)
13. Herbert Parsons (R)
14. Charles A. Towne (D)
15. J. Van Vechten Olcott (R)
16. Jacob Ruppert, Jr. (D)
17. William S. Bennet (R)
18. Joseph A. Goulden (D)
19. John E. Andrus (R)
20. Thomas W. Bradley (R)
21. John H. Ketcham (R), died November 4, 1906, vacant to end
22. William H. Draper (R)
23. George N. Southwick (R)
24. Frank J. LeFevre (R)
25. Lucius N. Littauer (R)
26. William H. Flack (R), died February 2, 1907, vacant to end
27. James S. Sherman (R)
28. Charles L. Knapp (R)
29. Michael E. Driscoll (R)
30. John W. Dwight (R)
31. Sereno E. Payne (R)
32. James B. Perkins (R)
33. J. Sloat Fassett (R)
34. James Wolcott Wadsworth (R)
35. William H. Ryan (D)
36. De Alva S. Alexander (R)
37. Edward B. Vreeland (R)

North Carolina

North Dakota

1. Thomas Frank Marshall (R)
2. Asle Gronna (R)

Ohio

Oregon

1. Binger Hermann (R)
2. John N. Williamson (R)

Pennsylvania

1. Henry H. Bingham (R)
2. Robert Adams, Jr. (R), died June 1, 1906
- John E. Reyburn (R), from November 6, 1906
3. George A. Castor (R), died February 19, 1906
- J. Hampton Moore (R), from November 6, 1906
4. Reuben O. Moon (R)
5. Edward de Veaux Morrell (R)
6. George D. McCreary (R)
7. Thomas S. Butler (R)
8. Irving P. Wanger (R)
9. Henry B. Cassel (R)
10. Thomas H. Dale (R)
11. Henry W. Palmer (R)
12. George R. Patterson (R), died March 21, 1906
- Charles N. Brumm (R), from November 6, 1906
13. Marcus C.L. Kline (D)
14. Mial E. Lilley (R)
15. Elias Deemer (R)
16. Edmund W. Samuel (R)
17. Thaddeus M. Mahon (R)
18. Marlin E. Olmsted (R)
19. John M. Reynolds (R)
20. Daniel F. Lafean (R)
21. Solomon R. Dresser (R)
22. George F. Huff (R)
23. Allen F. Cooper (R)
24. Ernest F. Acheson (R)
25. Arthur L. Bates (R)
26. Gustav A. Schneebeli (R)
27. William O. Smith (R)
28. Joseph C. Sibley (R)
29. William H. Graham (R)
30. John Dalzell (R)
31. James F. Burke (R)
32. Andrew J. Barchfeld (R)

Rhode Island

1. Daniel L. D. Granger (D)
2. Adin B. Capron (R)

South Carolina

South Dakota

At-large. Charles Henry Burke (R)
At-large. Eben Wever Martin (R)

Tennessee

1. Walter P. Brownlow (R)
2. Nathan W. Hale (R)
3. John Austin Moon (D)
4. Mounce G. Butler (D)
5. William C. Houston (D)
6. John Wesley Gaines (D)
7. Lemuel Phillips Padgett (D)
8. Thetus Willrette Sims (D)
9. Finis J. Garrett (D)
10. Malcolm R. Patterson (D), resigned November 5, 1906, vacant for remainder of term

Texas

1. Morris Sheppard (D)
2. Moses L. Broocks (D)
3. Gordon James Russell (D)
4. Choice Boswell Randell (D)
5. James Andrew Beall (D)
6. Scott Field (D)
7. Alexander W. Gregg (D)
8. John M. Pinckney (D), until April 24, 1905
- John M. Moore (D), from June 6, 1905
9. George Farmer Burgess (D)
10. Albert Sidney Burleson (D)
11. Robert L. Henry (D)
12. Oscar W. Gillespie (D)
13. John Hall Stephens (D)
14. James L. Slayden (D)
15. John Nance Garner (D)
16. William R. Smith (D)

Utah

At-large. Joseph Howell (R)

Vermont

1. David J. Foster (R)
2. Kittredge Haskins (R)

Virginia

1. William Atkinson Jones (D)
2. Harry Lee Maynard (D)
3. John Fletcher Lamb (D)
4. Robert G. Southall (D)
5. Claude Augustus Swanson (D), resigned January 30, 1906
- Edward W. Saunders (D), from November 6, 1906
6. Carter Glass (D)
7. James Hay (D)
8. John Franklin Rixey (D), died February 8, 1907, vacant to end
9. Campbell Slemp (R)
10. Henry De Flood (D)

Washington

West Virginia

1. Blackburn B. Dovener (R)
2. Alston G. Dayton (R), resigned March 16, 1905
- Thomas B. Davis (D), from June 6, 1905
3. Joseph Holt Gaines (R)
4. Harry C. Woodyard (R)
5. James Anthony Hughes (R)

Wisconsin

1. Henry Allen Cooper (R)
2. Henry C. Adams (R), died July 9, 1906
- John M. Nelson (R), from September 4, 1906
3. Joseph W. Babcock (R)
4. Theobald Johnston Otjen (R)
5. William H. Stafford (R)
6. Charles H. Weisse (D)
7. John Jacob Esch (R)
8. James Henry Davidson (R)
9. Edward Sloman Minor (R)
10. Webster Everett Brown (R)
11. John J. Jenkins (R)

Wyoming

At-large. Franklin Wheeler Mondell (R)

Non-voting members

Alaska Territory. Frank Hinman Waskey, (D) (took office December 3, 1906)
Arizona Territory. Marcus Aurelius Smith, (D)
Hawaii Territory. Jonah Kunio Kalanianaole
New Mexico Territory. William Henry Andrews, (R)
Oklahoma Territory. Bird Segle McGuire, (R)
Puerto Rico. Tulio Larrinaga, (Unionist)

Employees

Architect of the Capitol: Elliott Woods, appointed February 19, 1902.

Senate

Secretary of the Senate: Charles G. Bennett of New York, elected February 1, 1900.
Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: Daniel M. Ransdell of Indiana, elected February 1, 1900.
Chaplain of the Senate
- The Rev. Edward E. Hale, Unitarian, elected December 14, 1903.

House of Representatives

Clerk of the House: Alexander McDowell of Pennsylvania, elected December 4, 1905.
Sergeant at Arms of the House: Henry Casson of Wisconsin, elected December 4, 1905.
Doorkeeper of the House: Frank B. Lyon of New York, elected December 4, 1905.
Postmaster of the House: Joseph C. McElroy of Ohio, elected December 4, 1905.
Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Asher C. Hinds
Chaplain: The Rev. Henry N. Couden, Universalist, elected December 4, 1905.

References

^ "Carnegie Foundation". Carnegie Foundation. November 26, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
^ Robert M. La Follette was elected to the 59th Congress for the term starting March 4, 1905, but he did not assume the seat until January 2, 1906, preferring to finish his term as Governor of Wisconsin.

Gould, Lewis L. (2005). The Most Exclusive Club. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. ISBN 0-465-02778-4.
Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-06-088434-7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
U.S. Congress (2005). "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress". Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
U.S. House of Representatives (2006). "Congressional History". Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) ^{[dead link]}
U.S. Senate (2006). "Statistics and Lists". Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

United States congresses (and year convened)

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59th United States Congress

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