English exonyms

An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place (a toponym), or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage (the endonym). Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages and other languages may have their own exonym for the English endonym, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".

Romanization, or transcription of a non-Latin alphabet endonym into a Latin alphabet, is not generally regarded as creating exonyms; "The application of any scientifically sound romanization system to a non-Roman endonym merely re-creates that original endonym in another legitimate form" (Päll, 2002). However old romanization systems may leave a legacy of "familiar" spellings, as in the case of, for example, romanization of Burmese. This affects romanization of Arabic, romanization of Chinese, and many other non-Latin alphabet place names.

Translations of non-proper nouns such as "river" and "lake" also do not qualify as exonyms.

A less common form of exonym is usage for names and titles. Personal exonyms are typically limited to regnal names such as popes (John Paul II) and monarchs (Charles V); less commonly very well known non-modern authors (John Calvin, for French Jean Calvin) are referred to by exonyms. The list does not include the list of English translated personal names.

General

This section lists English-language exonyms that are for places located in multiple countries, English names of countries, and typical patterns.

Countries and territories

The following is a list of countries and territories whose names in local languages differ from their (non-local) English ones. The list includes countries with limited recognition, autonomous territories of sovereign countries, and fully sovereign countries.

Country names are listed in their short form, and do not include names spelled identically in English. Near-identical names in pronunciation or spelling are included, but countries named with non-proper nouns (like Central African Republic or United Arab Emirates) are not.

The languages listed are official languages and/ or prominent local languages, except if the name for the associated country is spelled the same as in English. Languages in italics are no longer spoken in the given country, but the name listed retains some use.

Likewise, exonyms in italics are obselete or are disputed.

English name	Endonym	Language	Notes
Abkhazia	Abkhaziya	Russian
	Aṗsny (Аԥсны)	Abkhaz
Afghanistan	Afġānestān (افغانستان)	Dari
	Afġānistān (افغانستان)	Pashto
Albania	Shqipëri(a)	Standard Albanian
	Shqipyni(a)	Gheg Albanian
Algeria	Al-Dzāyīr (الدزاير‎)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر‎)	Standard Arabic
Armenia	Hayastan (Հայաստան)	Armenian
Austria	Österreich	Standard German
Azerbaijan	Azərbaycan	Azeri
Bahrain	Al-Baḥrayn (البحرين‎)	Standard Arabic
Belgium	België	Dutch
	Belgien	Standard German
	Belgique	French
Bhutan	Druk Yul (འབྲུག་ཡུལ་)	Dzongkha
Bolivia	Mborivia	Guarani
	Puliwya	Quechua
	Wuliwya	Aymara
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)	Bosnian
Brazil	Brasil	Portuguese
Bulgaria	Balgariya (България)	Bulgarian
Burkina Faso	Burkĩna Faso	Mossi
Burundi	Uburundi	Kirundi
Cambodia	Kampuciə (កម្ពុជា)	Khmer
Cameroon	Cameroun	French
	Kamerun	Fula
Cabo Verde	Cabo Verde	Portuguese
	Kabu Verdi	Cabo Verdean Creole
Chile	Chili	Aymara
	Chli	Mapudungun
	Chili	Quechua
	Tire	Rapa Nui
China	Zhōngguó (中国)	Mandarin
Comoros	Comores	French
	Juzur Al-Qamar (جزر القمر‎,)	Standard Arabic
	Komori	Comorian
Congo-Brazzaville	Kongó	Lingala
	Kôngo-Balazvile	Kongo
Congo-Kinshasa	Kongo	Luba-Katanga
	Kongó-Kinsásá	Lingala
	Kôngo	Kongo
	Kongu	Swahili
Cook Islands	Kūki 'Āirani	Cook Islands Maori
Côte d'Ivoire	Côte d'Ivoire	French
Croatia	Hrvatska	Croatian
Cyprus	Kıbrıs	Turkish
	Kýpros (Κύπρος)	Greek
Czechia	Česko	Czech
Denmark	Danmark	Danish
Djibouti	Jabuuti	Somali
	Jībūtī (جيبوتي‎)	Standard Arabic
	Yibuuti	Afar
Dominica	Dominique	French
	Wai'tu kubuli	Island Carib
Ecuador	Ekuatur	Shuar
	Ikwayur	Quechua
Egypt	Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
	Miṣr (مِصر‎)	Standard Arabic
Estonia	Eesti	Estonian
Ethiopia	Itiyoophiyaa	Afar
	Itoobiya	Somali
	Itoophiyaa	Oromo
	ʾĪtyōṗṗyā (ኢትዮጵያ)	Amharic
		Tigrinya
Finland	Suomi	Finnish
Fiji	Fijī (फ़िजी)	Fiji Hindi
	Viti	Fijian
Gambia	Gámbi	Wolof
	Kambiya	Mandinka
Georgia	Sakartvelo (საქართველო)	Georgian
Germany	Deutschland	Standard German
Greece	Elládha (Ελλάδα)	Greek
Grenada	La Gwenad	Grenadian Creole
Guinea-Bissau	Guiné-Bissau	Portuguese
Guinea-Conakry	Ginea-Conakry	Fula
	Guinée-Conakry	French
Haiti	Ayiti	Haitian Creole
	Haïti	French
Hungary	Magyarország	Hungarian
Iceland	Ísland	Icelandic
India	Bhaaratham (ഭാരതം)	Malayalam
	Bhārat (भारत)	Dogri
		Hindi
		Maithili
		Nepali
	Bhārat (ભારત)	Gujarati
	Bhārat (بًارت\ भारत)	Kashmiri
	Bhārat (بھارت \ਭਾਰਤ)	Punjabi
	Bhārat (ڀارت\ भारत)	Sindhi
	Bhārat (بھارت)	Urdu
	Bhārata (ಭಾರತ)	Kannada
	Bhāratam (भारतम्)	Sanskrit
	Bhārathadeśaṁ (భారతదేశం)	Telugu
	Bhāratham (பாரதம்)	Tamil
	Bharot (भारत)	Konkani
	Bhārot (ভারত)	Bengali
	Bhārôt (ভাৰত)	Assamese
		Meitei
	Bhārôt (भारत)	Bodo
	Bhārôtô (ଭାରତ)	Odia
	Siñôt (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)	Santali
Iran	Irān (ایران‎)	Persian
Iraq	Al-'Irāq (اَلْعِرَاق‎)	Standard Arabic
	Êraq (عێراق‎)	Kurdish
Ireland	Éire	Irish
Israel	Isrā'īl (إِسْرَائِيل‎)	Standard Arabic
	Yisraél (ישראל)	Hebrew
Italy	Italia	Standard Italian
Japan	Nihon/ Nippon (日本)	Japanese
Jordan	Al-'Urdunn (الأردن‎)	Standard Arabic
Kazakhstan	Qazaqstan (Қазақстан)	Kazakh
Kosovo	Kosovë	Albanian
Kuwait	Al-Kuwait (الكويت‎)	Standard Arabic
	il-Ikwēt (الكويت‎)	Gulf Arabic
Kyrgyzstan	Kırǧızstan (Кыргызстан)	Kyrgyz
Laos	Lāo (ລາວ)	Lao
Latvia	Latvija	Latvian
	Lețmō	Livonian
Lebanon	Libnēn (لبنان‎)	Levantine Arabic
	Lubnān (لبنان‎)	Standard Arabic
Libya	Lībiyā (ليبيا)	Standard Arabic
Lithuania	Lietuva	Lithuanian
Luxembourg	Lëtzebuerg	Luxembourgish
	Luxemburg	Standard German
Madagascar	Madagasikara	Malagasy
Malawi	Malaŵi	Chewa
		Tumbuka
Maldives	Dhivehi Raajje (ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ )	Dhivehi
Marshall Islands	Aorōkin M̧ajeļ	Marshallese
Mauritania	Agawej	Berber
	Cengiṭ	Berber
	Gànnaar	Wolof
	Mauritanie	French
	Moritani	Pulaar
	Mūrītānyā (موريتانيا‎)	Standard Arabic
	Murutaane	Soninke
Mauritius	Maurice	French
	Moris	Mauritian Creole
Mexico	México	Spanish
	Mēxihco	Nawatl
Monaco	Mónegue	Occitan
	Mùnegu	Ligurian
Mongolia	Mongol Uls (Монгол Улс)	Mongolian
Montenegro	Crna Gora (Црна Гора)	Montenegrin
Morocco	Al-Maġrib (المغرب‎)	Standard Arabic
	lmeɣrib (ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ)	Standard Moroccan Tamazight
	Maroc	French
Mozambique	Moçambique	Portuguese
	Msumbiji	Swahili
	Mozambiki	Chewa
	Muzambhiki	Tsonga
Myanmar	Myǎma (မြန်မာ)	Burmese
Namibia	Namibië	Afrikaans
Nauru	Naoero	Nauruan
Nepal	Nepāl (नेपाल)	Nepali
Netherlands	der Nederlanden	Dutch
New Zealand	Aotearoa	Maori
Nigeria	Naìjíríyà	Igbo
	Naìjíríyà	Yoruba
	Najeriya	Hausa
Niue	Niuē	Niuean
North Korea	Chosǒn (조선)	Korean
North Macedonia	Maqedonia e Veriut	Albanian
	Severna Makedonija (Северна Македонија)	Macedonian
Norway	Nöörja	Southern Sami
	Noreg/ Norge	Norwegian	Spelled differently according to different written standards
	Norga	Northern Sami
	Vuodna	Lule Sami
Oman	'Umān (عمان‎)	Standard Arabic
Pakistan	Pākistān (پاکِستان‎)	Urdu
Palau	Belau	Palauan
	Parao (パラオ)	Japanese
Palestine	Filasṭīn (فلسطين‎)	Standard Arabic
Panama	Panamá	Spanish
Papua New Guinea	Papua Niu Gini	Hiri Motu
	Papua Niugini	Tok Pisin
Paraguay	Paraguái	Guarani
	Paraguay	Spanish
Peru	Perú	Spanish
	Piruw	Aymara
		Quechua
Philippines	Pilipinas	Tagalog
Poland	Polska	Polish
Qatar	Giṭar (قطر‎)	Gulf Arabic
	Qaṭar (قطر‎)	Standard Arabic
Romania	România	Romanian
Russia	Rossíya (Росси́я)	Russian
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Saint Christopher and Nevis	English
Samoa	Sāmoa	Samoan
Saudi Arabia	as-Sa'ūdīyah (ٱلسَّعُوْدِيَّة‎)	Standard Arabic
Senegal	Senegaal	Wolof
	Sénégal	French
Serbia	Srbija	Serbian
Seychelles	Sesel	Seychellois Creole
Singapore	Ciṅkappūr (சிங்கப்பூர்)	Tamil
	Singapura	Malay
	Xīnjiāpō (新加坡)	Mandarin
Slovakia	Slovensko	Slovak
Slovenia	Slovenija	Slovene
Somalia	aṣ-Ṣūmāl (الصومال‎)	Standard Arabic
	Soomaaliya	Somali
Somaliland	Ṣūmālīlānd (صوماليلاند‎)	Standard Arabic
South Korea	Hanguk (한국)	Korean
South Sudan	Paguot Thudän	Dinka
South Ossetia	Alaniya (Алания)	Russian
	Allonston (Аллонстон)	Ossetian
Spain	Espainia	Basque
	España	Galician
		Spanish
	Espanha	Occitan
	Espanya	Catalan
Sri Lanka	Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)	Tamil
	Śrī Laṁkā (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)	Sinhala
Sudan	as-Sūdān (السودان‎)	Standard Arabic
Sweden	Sverige	Swedish
Switzerland	Helvetia	Latin
	Schweiz	Standard German
	Suisse	French
	Svizra	Romansh
	Svizzera	Standard Italian
Syria	Sūriyā (سوريا‎)	Standard Arabic
Taiwan	Tâiuân (臺灣)	Hokkien
	Tāiwán (臺灣)	Mandarin
	Taywan	Amis
	Tǒivǎn (臺灣)	Hakka
Tajikistan	Tojikiston (Тоҷикистон)	Tajik
Timor-Leste	Timór Lorosa'e	Tetum
Transnistria	Nistrenia (Нистрения)	Romanian
	Pridnestrovye (Приднестровье)	Russian
	Prydnistrovya (Придністров'я)	Ukrainian
Tunisia	Tunest	Berber
	Tunisie	French
	Tūnis (تونس‎)	Standard Arabic
Turkey	Türkiye	Turkish
Turkmenistan	Türkmenistan	Turkmen
Uganda	Yuganda	Luganda
Ukraine	Ukrajina (Україна)	Ukrainian
Uzbekistan	Oʻzbekiston	Uzbek
Vatican City	Stato della Città del Vaticano	Standard Italian
	Status Civitatis Vaticanae	Latin
Vietnam	Việt Nam	Vietnamese
Yemen	Al-Yaman (اَلْيَمَنُ‎)	Standard Arabic

Specific countries

Albania

Albania Shqipëria
English name	Endonym	Notes
Tirana	Tiranë	Tirana is Albanian for "the Tirana"

Algeria

Algeria Al-Jazā'ir (الجزاٮُر)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Algiers	Al-Jazā'ir (الجزاٮُر)	Standard Arabic
Constantine	Qusanṭīnah (قسنطينة‎)	Standard Arabic
Oran	Wahrān (وَهران‎)	Standard Arabic

Armenia

Armenia Hayastan (Հայաստան)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Yerevan	Erevan (Երևան or Երեւան)	Armenian place pronounced like English name

Australia

Several places in Australia have additional names in various Aboriginal languages.

Australia
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ayers Rock	Uluru	Pitjantjatjara	Dated
Tasmania	Lutruwita	Nuenonne / Palawa kani
Rose Hill	Parramatta	Dharug	Archaic

Austria

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

Austria Österreich
English name	Endonym	Notes
Ammergau Alps	Ammergebirge
Bavarian Prealps	Bayerische Voralpen
Brenner Pass	Brennerpass
Carinthia	Kärnten
Carpathian Basin	Karpatenbecken
Danube river	Donau
Drava	Drau
Drave	Drau	Dated
Lake Constance	Bodensee
Northern Limestone Alps	Nördliche Kalkalpen
Southern Limestone Alps	Südliche Kalkalpen
Styria	Steiermark
Tyrol	Tirol
Vienna	Wien
Wetterstein	Wettersteingebirge

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan Azərbaycan
English name	Endonym	Notes
Baku	Bakı
Caucasus	Qafqaz

Belgium

Historically, English borrowed French names for many places in Dutch-speaking areas of Belgium. With few exceptions this practice is no longer followed by most sources.

Belgium België/ Belgique
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Antwerp	Antwerpen	Dutch
Bruges	Brugge	Dutch	French name
Brussels	Brussel	Dutch
	Bruxelles	French
Courtrai	Kortrijk	Dutch	Archaic, French name
Filford	Vilvoorde	Dutch	Archaic
Flanders	Vlaanderen	Dutch
Gaunt	Gent	Dutch	Archaic
Ghent	Gent	Dutch
Louvain	Leuven	Dutch	Archaic, French name
Mechlin	Mechelen	Dutch	Archaic
Ostend	Oostende	Dutch
Wallonia	Wallonie	French
Ypres	Ieper	Dutch	French name

Bosnia & Herzegovina

Bosnia & Herzegovina Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Bosnia	Bosna (Босна)
Herzegovina	Hercegovina (Херцеговина)	German spelling, English name pronounced the same

Bulgaria

Bulgaria Balgariya (България)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Balkan Mountains	Stara Planina (Стара Планина)
Danube river	Dunav (Дунав)
Philippopolis	Plovdiv (Пловдив)	Archaic
Rhodope Mountains	Rodopi (Родопи)
Sofia	Sofiya (София)
Southern Dobruja	Dobrudzha (Добруджа)	Bulgarian half of former Dobruja region
Thrace	Trakiya (Тракия)

Canada

Numerous places in the predominantly French speaking province of Quebec have historically had English exonyms; in most cases, the exonym was a straight translation of the place's French name, with only one major city which ever had an English exonym that was entirely different from its original French name. With a few exceptions, such as Quebec City, these are no longer widely used. Exonyms are also commonly seen in regards to First Nations and Inuit peoples and communities; although government and media sources have evolved in recent years toward using these places' native endonyms, common usage may still favour the older exonyms.

Canada
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arctic Red River	Tsiigehtchic	Gwich'in	Archaic
Big Trout Lake	Kitchenuhmaykoosib	Oji-Cree
Cambridge Bay	Iqaluktuuttiaq	Inuinnaqtun
Chesterfield Inlet	Igluligaarjuk (ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ)	Inuktitut
Fort Franklin	Délįnę	Sahtu	Archaic
Fort Hope	Eabametoong	Ojibwe
Fort Norman	Tulita	Sahtu	Archaic
Fraserville	Rivière-du-Loup	French	Archaic
Frobisher Bay	Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ)	Inukitut	Archaic
Gjoa Haven	Uqsuqtuuq (ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ)	Inukitut
Holman	Ulukhaktok	Inuinnaqtun	Archaic
Lansdowne House	Neskantaga	Oji-Cree
Mount Royal	Mont-Royal	French
Quebec City	Québec	French
Queen Charlotte Island	Haida Gwaii	Haida	Archaic
Rankin Inlet	Kangiqliniq (ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ)	Inukitut
Saint Andrew	Saint-André-d'Argenteuil	French	Archaic
Saint John	Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu	French	Archaic
Summer Beaver	Nibinamik (ᓃᐱᓇᒥᐦᐠ)	Ojibwe
Three Rivers	Trois-Rivières	French	Archaic
Two Mountains	Deux-Montagnes	French	Archaic
Whale Cove	Tikiraqjuaq (ᑎᑭᕋᕐᔪᐊᖅ)	Inukitut

Cambodia

During the Khmer Rogue period (1975–1979), the country was known in English as Democratic Kampuchea, closer to the endonym than its modern English exonym. The English exonym of Cambodia is based on the French exonym, Cambodge. The endonym is sometimes used in English, but the exonym is far more common.

Cambodia Kampuchea (កម្ពុជា)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Mekong River	Tonle Mekongk (ទន្លេមេគង្គ)
Sihanoukville	Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ)
	Kampong Som (កំពង់សោម)

Chile

Chile
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Easter Island	Isla de Pascua	Spanish
	Rapa Nui	Rapa Nui

China

Some of the apparent "exonyms" for China are the result of change in romanization of Chinese to modern pinyin, for example "Tientsin" to "Tianjin". Other apparent exonyms are the result of the English name being based on one of the other varieties of Chinese besides Mandarin. Additionally, certain names which may now be considered exonyms actually preserve older Mandarin pronunciations which have changed in the intervening centuries. For all areas in mainland China, names written in Chinese are written in simplified characters. For all areas in the special administrative regions (SARs), the names will be written in traditional characters.

See also: Pinyin and Chinese postal romanization

China Zhōngguó (中国)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Amoy	Amoy	Min Nan
	Xiàmén (厦门)	Mandarin
Paotou	Bāotóu (包头)	Mandarin	Obsolete English spelling
	Buɣutu qota (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian script
	Baotou (Баотоу)	Russian
Canton	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin	Archaic
Chungking	Chóngqìng (重庆)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Chengtu	Chéngdū (成都)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
East China Sea	Dōnghǎi (东海)	Mandarin
Foochow	Fúzhōu (福州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Forbidden City	Gùgōng / Zĭjìnchéng (故宫 / 紫禁城)	Mandarin	Literally means "Ancient Palace" and "Purple Forbidden City" respectively
Fukien	Fújiàn (福建)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Hangchow	Hángzhōu (杭州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Hohhot	Hūhéhàotè (呼和浩特) / Hūshì (呼市)	Mandarin
	Kökeqota (ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian script
	Khukh-khoto (Хух-Хото)	Russian
Hokkien	Fújiàn (福建)	Hokkien
Hong Kong	Hoeng1 gong2 (香港)	Cantonese
	Xiānggǎng	Mandarin
Inner Mongolia	Nèi Mĕnggǔ (内蒙古)	Mandarin
	Öbür mongɣul (ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ)	Mongolian script
	Vnutrennyaya Mongoliya (Внутренняя Монголия)	Russian
Kalgan	Zhāngjiākŏu (张家口)	Mandarin	Archaic
Kashgar	Kāshí (喀什)	Mandarin
	Kashgar (قەشقەر‎)	Uighur
Kweilin	Guìlín (桂林)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
	Kveilinz	Zhuang
Lop Nor / Lop Nur	Luóbùpō (罗布泊)	Mandarin
	Lob Nughur (ᠯᠣᠪ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ)	Mongolian script
	Lop Nur (لوپنۇر)	Uighur
Macau	Ou3 mun2 (澳門)	Cantonese
	Àomén (澳门)	Mandarin
Mekong River	Méigōnghé (湄公河)	Mandarin
Mukden	Mukden	Manchu	Archaic
	Shěnyáng (沈阳)	Mandarin
Nanking	Nánjīng (南京)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Nei Mongol	Nèi Mĕnggǔ (内蒙古)	Mandarin
	Öbür mongɣul	Mongolian script
	Vnutrennyaya Mongoliya (Внутренняя Монголия)	Russian
Pacific Ocean	Tàipíng Yáng (太平洋)	Mandarin
Peking	Běijīng (北京)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Port Arthur	Dàlián (大连)	Mandarin	Archaic
Santow / Swatow	Shàntóu (汕头)	Mandarin	Archaic
Sian	Xī'ān (西安)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Sinkiang	Xīnjiāng (新疆)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Soochow	Sūzhōu (苏州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
South China Sea	Nánhǎi (南海)	Mandarin
Tibet	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin
	Bod (བོད)	Tibetan
Tsingtao	Qīngdăo (青岛)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Urumqi	Wūlǔmùqí (乌鲁木齐)	Mandarin
	Ürümqi (ئۈرۈمچى)	Uighur
Yangtze River	Cháng Jiāng (长江)	Mandarin	rus

Croatia

Croatia Hrvatska
English name	Endonym	Notes
Danube river	Dunav
Dalmatia	Dalmacija
Istria	Istra
Ragusa	Dubrovnik	Historical exonym
Zara	Zadar	Historical exonym

Cuba

Cuba
English name	Endonym	Notes
Havana	(La) Habana

Cyprus

Cyprus Kýpros/ Kıbrıs
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Place	Language
Famagusta	Ammokhóstos (Αμμόχωστος)	Greek
	Gazimaǧusa	Turkish
Kyrenia	Girne	Turkish
	Kerýneia (Κερύνεια)	Greek
Limassol	Lemesós (Λεμεσός)	Greek
	Limasol	Turkish
Nicosia	Lefkoşa	Turkish
	Lefkosía (Λευκωσία)	Greek

Czechia

Historically, English-language sources used German names for many places in what is now the Czech Republic. With some exceptions (such as the Elbe and Oder rivers), this is no longer done by most sources.

Czechs prefer for their country to be referred to as Czechia in English, as the country adopted it as its official short name in 2016. However, many English speakers still call the country Czech Republic.

Czechia Česko
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Beskids	Beskydy	Czech
Bohemia	Čechy	Czech	Latin name
Bohemian Forest	Šumava	Czech
Bohemian Karst	Český kras	Czech
Bohemian Paradise	Český ráj	Czech
Bohemian Switzerland	České Švýcarsko	Czech
Budweis	České Budějovice	Czech	Archaic, German name
Carlsbad	Karlovy Vary	Czech	Archaic, German name
Elbe river	Labe	Czech	German name
Fichtel Mountains	Smrčiny	Czech	German name
Franzensbad	Františkovy Lázně	Czech	Archaic, German name
Giant Mountains	Krkonoše	Czech	Archaic
Hanakia	Haná	Czech	Archaic
Lachia	Lašsko	Czech
Marienbad	Mariánské Lázně	Czech	Archaic, German name
Moravia	Morava	Czech	Latin name
Moravian Slovakia	Slovácko	Czech
Moravian Wallachia	Valašsko	Czech
Oder river	Odra	Czech	German name
Ore Mountains	Krušné hory	Czech
Pilsen	Plzeň	Czech	Archaic, German name
Prague	Praha	Czech
Silesia	Slezsko	Czech
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Sudetenland	Sudety	Czech
Upper Palatinate Forest	Český les	Czech

Denmark

Denmark Danmark
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Copenhagen	København	Danish
Elsinore	Helsingør	Danish	Dated
Funen	Fyn	Danish
Jutland	Jylland	Danish
Sleswick	Schleswig	Low Saxon
	Slesvig	Danish
The Scaw	Skagen	Danish	Dated
Zealand	Sjælland	Danish

Greenland

Several places were known under Danish names, or a variant of them. Now only the local Greenlandic is used.

Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat
English name	Endonym	Notes
Frederikdshab	Paamiut	Obsolete
Godthab	Nuuk	Obsolete
Jacobshaven	Ilulissat	Obsolete
Sondre Stromfjord	Kangerlussuaq	Obsolete
Sondrestrom	Kangerlussuaq	Obsolete
Thule	Qaanaaq	Obsolete

Egypt

Egypt Miṣr (مصر)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Alexandria	Al-Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية‎)	Egyptian Arabic
	Alexandria (ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ)	Coptic
	Eskendereyya (اسكندرية‎)	Egyptian Arabic
	Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ )	Coptic
Cairo	Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة)	Standard Arabic
	Maṣr (مَصر‎)	Egyptian Arabic
Giza	Al-Jīzah (الجݐزة)	Standard Arabic
	El-Gīzeh (الجيزة‎)	Egyptian Arabic
Luxor	Al-Uqṣur (الاقصر)	Standard Arabic
	Babe (ⲡⲁⲡⲉ)	Coptic
	Loqṣor (الأقصر‎)	Egyptian Arabic
Memphis	Manf (مَنْف‎)	Standard Arabic
	Memfi (ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ)	Coptic
Nile river	An-Nīl (النݐل)	Standard Arabic
	En-Nīl (النݐل)	Egyptian Arabic
Port Said	Bur Sa'īd (بور سعݐد)	Standard Arabic
	Bor Sa'īd (بورسعيد‎)	Egyptian Arabic
Suez	As-Suways (السوݐس)	Standard Arabic

Estonia

Estonia Eesti
English name	Endonym	Notes
Lake Peipus	Peipsi järv

Finland

Finland Suomi
English name	Endonym	Notes
Karelia	Karjala	From Latin
Lapponia	Lappi	From Latin
Ostrobothnia	Pohjanmaa	From Latin, compare Swedish Österbotten
Savonia	Savo	From Latin
Tavastia	Häme	From Latin

France

France
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bay of Biscay	Golfe de Gascogne	French
Brittany	Breizh	Breton
	Bretagne	French
Burgundy	Bourgogne	French
Camerick	Cambrai	French	Obsolete
Corsica	Corse	French
	Corsica	Corsican
Cressy	Crécy-en-Ponthieu	French
Dauphiny	Dalfinat	Occitan
	Darfenât	Arpitan
	Dauphiné	French	Archaic
Dunkirk	Dunkerque	French
English Channel	La Manche	French
Flanders	Flandre	French
French Riviera	Côte d'Azur	French
Gascony	Gascogne	French
	Gasconha	Gascon
Lyons	Liyon	Arpitan
	Lyon	French	Archaic
Marseilles	Marseille	French	Archaic
	Marselha	Occitan
Normandy	Normandie	French
	Normaundie	Norman
Picardy	Picardie	French
Rheims	Reims	French	Archaic
Rhine river	Rhin	French
Rone	Rouen	French	Obsolete
Savoy	Savoie	French
	Savouè	Arpitan
Ushant	Eusa	Breton
	Ouessant	French

Georgia

Georgia Sakartvelo (საქართველო)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Caucasus	Kavkasioni (კავკასიონი)
Tiflis	Tbilisi (თბილისი)	Obselete

Germany

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms and Names of Germany

This list does not include German place names with ß written with "ss" or umlauts being removed in some writing.

Germany Deutschland
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aix-la-Chapelle	Aachen	Standard German	Archaic
	Oche	Ripuarian
Baltic Sea	Ostsee	Standard German
Bavaria	Bayern	Standard German
Bay of Lübeck	Lübecker Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Lübeck Bight"
Bay of Mecklenburg	Mecklenburger Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Mecklenburg Bight"
Bay of Meldorf	Meldorfer Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Meldorf Bight"
Bay of Pomerania	Pommersche Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Pomeranian Bight"
Bay of Wismar	Wismarer Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Wismar Bight"
Black Forest	Schwarzwald	Standard German
Brunswick	Braunschweig	Standard German	Archaic
	Brunswiek	Low Saxon
Cleves	Kleve	Standard German	Archaic
Coblence	Koblenz	Standard German	Archaic
Coblenz	Koblenz	Standard German	Dated
Cologne	Kölle	Ripuarian
	Köln	Standard German
Constance	Konstanz	Standard German	Dated
Danube river	Donau	Standard German
Eastphalia	Oostfalen	Low Saxon
	Ostfalen	Standard German
Egge Hills	Eggegebirge	Standard German	German name means "Egge Mountains"
Franconia	Franken	Standard German
	Frankn	Austro-Bavarian
Franconian Jura	Frankenalb	Standard German	Frankenjura also used in German
Frankfort	Frangford (am Maa)	Hessian
	Frankfurt (am Main)	Standard German	Archaic
Hamelin	Hameln	Standard German
Hanover	Hannober	Low Saxon
	Hannover	Standard German
Haßberge Hills	Haßberge	Standard German
Heligoland	deät Lun	Heligolandic North Frisian
	Hälilönj	Bökingharde North Frisian
	Helgoland	Standard German
Hesse	Hessen	Standard German
Hessia	Hessen	Standard German
Hither Pomerania	Vorpommern	Standard German
Hohwacht Bay	Hohwachter Bucht	Standard German
Jade Bight	Jadebusen	Standard German
Kaufungen Forest	Kaufunger Wald	Standard German
Kiel Canal	Nordostseekanal	Standard German
Knüll	Knüllgebirge	Standard German	German name also used in English
Lake Constance	Bodensee	Standard German
Lower Bavarian Upland	Niederbayerisches Hügelland	Standard German
Lusatia	Lausitz	Standard German
	Łužica	Upper Sorbian
	Łužyca	Lower Sorbian
Mayence	Mainz	Standard German	Archaic
Mentz	Mainz	Standard German	Archaic ,British English
Moselle river	Mosel	Standard German
	Musel	Moselle Franconian
Munich	Minga	Austro-Bavarian
	München	Standard German
Nuremberg	Narrnberch	East Franconian
	Nürnberg	Standard German
Ore Mountains	Erzgebirge	Standard German
Palatinate	Palz	Palatinate German
	Pfalz	Standard German
Pomerania	Pommern	Standard German
Prussia	Preußen	Standard German
Ratisbon	Regensburg	Standard German	Archaic
	Rengschburch	Austro-Bavarian
Rhenish Massif	Rheinisches Schiefergebirge	Standard German
Rhine river	Rhein	Standard German
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha	Standard German	English now uses translation Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxony	Sachsen	Standard German
	Sassen	Low Saxon
Swabia	Schwaben	Standard German
Szczecin Lagoon	Stettiner Haff	Standard German
Thuringia	Thüringen	Standard German
	Tréier	Moselle Franconian
Treves	Trier	Standard German	Archaic, French name
Western Pomerania	Vorpommern	Standard German
Westphalia	Westfalen	Low Saxon
		Standard German

Greece

The exonym for Greece in English comes from Magna Graecia, which was a historical region in Italy colonized by the Greeks. The endonym Ellás comes from Helen of Troy, the legendary Greek figure whose abduction caused the Greek city-states to unite and fight against Troy during the Trojan War.

Greece Elládha/ Ellás (Ελλάδα/ Ἑλλάς)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Attica	Attikí (Αττική)
Athens	Athína (Αθήνα)
Boetia	Voiotía (Βοιωτία)
Corfu	Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα)
Corinth	Kórinthos (Κόρινθος)
Crete	Kríti (Κρήτη)
Cyclades	Kykládhes (Κυκλάδες)
Dodecanese	Dhodhekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα)
Epirus	Ipeiros (Ήπειρος)
Euboea	Evvoia (Εύβοια)
Heraklion	Irákleio (Ηράκλειο)
Icaria	Ikaría (Ικαρία)
Ithaca	Itháki (Ιθάκη)
Lepanto	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)	Archaic
Macedonia	Makedonía (Μακεδονία)
Mediterranean Sea	Mesógeios thálassa (Μεσόγειος θάλασσα)
Missolonghi	Mesológi (Μεσολόγγι)
Naupactus	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)	Greek name also used in English
Navarino	Pýlos (Πύλος)	Archaic
Patras	Pátra (Πάτρα)
Peloponnese	Pelopónnisos (Πελοπόννησος)
Philippi	Fílippoi (Φίλιπποι)
Piraeus	Peiraiás (Πειραιάς)
Rhodes	Ródhos (Ρόδος)
Rhodope Mountains	Rodhópi (Ροδόπη)
Salonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)	Archaic
Samothrace	Samothráki (Σαμοθράκη)
Sparta	Spárti (Σπάρτη)
Thebes	Thíva (Θήβα)
Thessalonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)	Greek name also used in English
Thessaly	Thessalía (Θεσσαλία)
Thrace	Thráki (Θράκη)
Zante	Zákynthos (Ζάκυνθος)	Archaic

Hungary

Hungary Magyarország
English name	Endonym	Notes
Carpathian Mountains	Kárpátok
Danube river	Duna

Iceland

Iceland Ísland
English name	Endonym	Notes
Westman Islands	Vestmannaeyjar	Dated

India

See also: List of renamed Indian public places

India Bhārat (भारत)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Allahbad	Prayagraj (प्रयागराज)	Hindi	Dated
Bangalore	Bengaluru	Kannada
Benares	Varanasi (वाराणसी)	Hindi	Dated
Bombay	Mumbai (मुंबई)	Marathi	Dated
Calcutta	Kolkata (কলিকাতা)	Bengali	Dated
Cawnpore	Kanpur (कानपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Delhi	Dilli (दिल्ली)	Hindi
Ganges River	Ganga (गंगा)	Hindi
Indus River	Sindhū (सिन्धु )	Sanskrit
Jaypore	Jaipur (जयपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Laccadive Islands	Lakshadweep		Obsolete
Madras	Chennai	Tamil	Dated
Pondicherry	Puducherry		Dated
Poona	Pune	Marathi	Dated
Simla	Shimla		Obsolete

Indonesia

Indonesia
English Name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Borneo	Kalimantan	Bahasa Indonesia

Iran

Iran Irān (اݐران)
English name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Bushire	Bushehr(بوشهر)	Persian	Obsolete
Caspian Sea	Darya-ye Khazar (Khazar Sea)	Persian
Isfahan	Ešfahān (اصفهان)	Persian
Meshed	Mashhad (مشهد)	Persian	Obsolete
Teheran	Tehran (تهران)	Persian	Obsolete

Iraq

Iraq Al-Irāq (العراق)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Euphrates river	Al-Furāt (الفرات)	Standard Arabic
	Firat	Kurdish
	Pǝrāth (ܦܪܬ‎)	Syriac
Mosul	Al-Mawṣil (الموصل)	Standard Arabic
	Māwṣil (ܡܘܨܠ‎)	Syriac
	Mosil (مووسڵ‎)	Kurdish
Tigris river	Deqlath (ܕܹܩܠܵܬ)	Syriac
	Dîcle (دیجلە)	Kurdish
	Dijla (دجله)	Standard Arabic

Ireland

Main article: Place names in Ireland

The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations, or phonetic renderings, of Irish language names. The exceptions to this are listed here:

Ireland Éire
English name	Endonym	Notes
Arklow	an tInbhear Mór
Carlingford	Cairlinn
Connaught	Connacht	Dated
Dalkey	Deilginis
Dursey	Baoi Bhéarra
	Oileán Baoi
Dublin	Baile Átha Cliath
Fastnet	Carraig Aonair
Haulbowline	Inis Sionnach
Howth	Binn Éadair
Lambay	Reachrainn
Leinster	Laighin
Leixlip	Léim an Bhrádain
Meath	Mí
Munster	Mumhan
Oxmantown	Baile Lochlannach
Saltee	Na Sailtí
Selskar	Seilsceir
Skerries	Na Sceirí
Strangford	Loch Cuan
Ulster	Ulaidh
Waterford	Port Láirge
Wexford	Loch Garman
Wicklow	Cill Mhantáin

Israel

The below listing is only a summary. Modern Israeli transcription systems (romanization of Hebrew) vary from the familiar spellings of many hundreds of place names of Ancient Israel adopted by Bible translations - both Christian, such as the King James Version (1611) and also Jewish versions such as the JPS (1917).

Israel Yisrael (ישראל)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Acre	Akka (عكّا)	Standard Arabic	Greek name
	Ako (עכו)	Modern Hebrew
Beersheba	Bir Alsbae (بئر السبع‎)	Standard Arabic
	Beer Sheva (באר שבע)	Modern Hebrew
Capernaum	Kfar Naḥum (כפר נחום)	Modern Hebrew	Latin name
Galilee	HaGalil (הגליל)	Modern Hebrew
Jaffa	Yafa (يافا)	Standard Arabic	based on the Arabic name
	Yafo (יפה)	Modern Hebrew
Joppa	Yafa (يافا)	Standard Arabic	Greek name, dated
	Yafo (יפה)	Modern Hebrew
Jordan River	Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)	Standard Arabic
	Nahar ha-Yarden (נהר הירדן)	Modern Hebrew
Jerusalem	Al-Quds (القُدس)	Standard Arabic	Latin name
	Yerushalayim (ירושלים)	Modern Hebrew
Mediterranean Sea	Al-Baḥr al-Abyaḍ al-Mutawassiṭ (البحر الأبيض المتوسط)	Standard Arabic
	ha-Yam ha-Tiḥon (הים התיכון)	Modern Hebrew
Nazareth	Natzrat (נצרת)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name
Sea of Galilee	Imat Tbria (بحيرة طبريا)	Standard Arabic
	Yamat ha-Kinneret (ימת הכינרת)	Modern Hebrew
Safed	Safed (صفد)	Standard Arabic	Arabic name
	Tzfat (צפת)	Modern Hebrew
Tiberias	Tabariyya (طبريا)	Standard Arabic	Greek name
	Tverya (טבריה)	Modern Hebrew

Italy

Italy Italia
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Apulia	Puglia	Standard Italian
	Pùglia	Neapolitan
Capitoline Hill	Campidoglio	Standard Italian
Florence	Firenze	Standard Italian	French name
Genoa	Genova	Standard Italian
	Zêna	Ligurian
Herculaneum	Ercolano	Standard Italian	English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Janiculum	Gianicolo	Standard Italian	Latin name
Latium	Lazio	Standard Italian	English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Leghorn	Livorno	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Lombardy	Lombardéa	Lombard	French name
	Lombardia	Standard Italian
Mantua	Mantua	Lombard
	Mantova	Standard Italian
Milan	Milan	Lombard
	Milano	Standard Italian
Montferrat	Montferrato	Standard Italian	French name
	Monfrà	Piedmontese
Naples	Napoli	Standard Italian	French name
	Napule	Neapolitan
Padua	Padova	Standard Italian
	Pàdova	Venetian
Piedmont	Piemont	Piedmontese
	Piemonte	Standard Italian
Pompeii	Pompei	Standard Italian	Latin name
Rome	Roma	Standard Italian	French name
Rubicon river	Rubicone	Standard Italian
Sardinia	Sardegna	Standard Italian
Sicily	Sicilia	Standard Italian
		Sicilian
Sienna	Siena	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Syracuse	Sarasusa	Sicilian
	Siracusa	Standard Italian
The Marches	Marche	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Tiber	Tevere	Standard Italian	Latin name
Tuscany	Toscana	Standard Italian
Turin	Torino	Standard Italian
	Turin	Piedmontese
Trent	Trento	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Tyrol	Tirolo	Standard Italian
Venice	Venesia	Venetian
	Venezia	Standard Italian	French name
Vesuvius	Vesuvio	Neapolitan
		Standard Italian	Latin name

Japan

Japan Nihon, Nippon (日本)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Bonin Islands	Ogasawara Guntō (小笠原群島)
East China Sea	Higashi-shina-kai (東シナ海)	Shina (シナ) is an exonym sometimes an exonym used for China
Iwo Jima	Iō-tō (硫黄島)	Alternative reading of endonym
Liancourt Rocks	Takeshima (竹島)
Pacific Ocean	Taihei-yō (太平洋)
Ryūkyū Islands	Nansei-shotō (南西諸島)
	Ryūkyū-shotō (琉球諸島)
Volcano Islands	Kazan Rettō (火山列島)

Laos

Laos Lāo (ລາວ)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Vientiane	Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ)	from French
Viangchan		Unofficial alternative spelling in English
Wiangchan		Unofficial alternative spelling in English
Louangphabang	Luang Prabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ)	Phonetic spellings of the name in English, endonym is also an acceptable spelling in English
Luang Phabang
Mekong River	Maenam Khong (ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ)
Savannakhet	Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ)

Latvia

Latvia Latvija
English name	Endonym	Notes
Courland	Kurzeme
Lettgallia	Latgale	Dated
Semigallia	Zemgale	Dated

Lebanon

Lebanon Lubnān (لبنان)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Sidon	Ṣaydā (صيدا)	Standard Arabic
Tyre	Ṣūr (صور)	Standard Arabic
Tripoli	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic

Libya

Libya Libiyā (ليبيا)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Cyrenaica	Barqah (برقة)	Standard Arabic
Fezzan	Fezzan (ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ)	Berber
	Fizzān (فزان)	Standard Arabic
Misrata	Miṣrātah (مصراتة)	Standard Arabic
Sirte	Sirt (سرت)	Standard Arabic
Tripoli	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭrābləs	Maghrebi Arabic
Tripolitania	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭrābləs	Maghrebi Arabic

Lithuania

Lithuania Lietuva
English name	Endonym	Notes
Neman river	Nemunas
Nieman river	Nemunas	Dated
Samogitia	Žemaitija
Sudovia	Sudūva
Yotvingia	Dainava

Malaysia

Malaysia
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Malacca	Melaka	Malay
Penang Island	Pulau Pinang	Malay

Mexico

Mexico
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Rocky Point	Puerto Peñasco	Spanish	Dated

Moldova

Moldova
English name	Endonym	Notes
Kishinev	Chişinău	Obsolete

Mongolia

Mongolia Mongγol Ulus (Монгол Улc/ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ)
English name	Endonym (Cyrillic/ Mongolian)	Notes
Ulan Bator	Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар/ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ)	Obselete

Morocco

Morocco Al-Magrib (المغرب)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Casablanca	Ad-Dār Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء)	Standard Arabic
	Anfa (ⴰⵏⴼⴰ)	Berber
Fez	Fās (ⴼⴰⵙ)	Berber
	Fās (فاس)	Standard Arabic
Tangier	Ṭanja (ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ)	Berber
	Ṭanjah (طنجة)	Standard Arabic

Myanmar

Myanmar Myanma (မြန်မာ)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Mekong River	Megaung Myit (မဲခေါင်မြစ်)
Naypyidaw	Nay Pyi Taw (နေပြည်တော်)
Pagan	Bagan (ပုဂံ)	Dated
Rangoon	Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့)	Dated

Netherlands

Netherlands Nederland
English name	Endonym	Notes
Brill	Brielle	Obsolete
Dort	Dordrecht	Obsolete
Flushing	Vlissingen	Obsolete
Guelders	Gelderland	Dated
Leyden	Leiden	Dated
Meuse river	Maas	French name
Rhine river	Rijn
Ryswick	Rijswijk	Obsolete
The Hague	Den Haag

Norway

Norway Noreg, Norge
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bear Island	Bjørnøya	Norwegian
North Cape	Davvenjárga	Northern Sami
	Nordkapp	Norwegian

North Korea

The endonym of North Korea, Chosǒn, alternatively spelled as Chosun, Chosen, or Joseon, is named after the last dynasty of Korean kings before Korea became a Japanese colony, the Joseon dynasty. Sometimes the name Pukchosŏn (North Joseon) is used by South Koreans to distinguish North Korea from themselves, but North Koreans generally dislike being referred to as North Korea since they consider all Koreans as being citizens of the same divided country and since the North Korean government considers itself as being the sole legitimate government for the whole of Korea.

North Korea Chosǒn (조선)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Diamond Mountain	Kǔmgang San (금강산)	English now uses rough translation Mount Kumgang
Tumen River	Duman Gang (두만강)	Mandarin endonym
Sea of Japan	Josŏn Donghae (조선동해)	See also: Sea of Japan naming dispute
Yalu River	Amnok Gang (압록강)	Mandarin endonym

Palestine

Palestine Filasṭīn (فلسطين‎)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bethlehem	Beyt Laḥm	Levantine Arabic
	Bayta Laḥm (بيت لحم)	Standard Arabic
	Bet Leḥem (בית לחם)	Modern Hebrew
Gaza City	Ġazzah (غزة)	Standard Arabic
	'Aza (עזה)	Modern Hebrew
Hebron	Al-Ḵalīl (الخليل)	Standard Arabic
	Ḥevron (חברון)	Modern Hebrew
Mediterranean Sea	Al-Baḥr al-Abyaḍ al-Mutawassiṭ (البحر الأبيض المتوسط)	Standard Arabic
	ha-Yam ha-Gadol (הים התיכון)	Modern Hebrew
Jericho	Arīḥā (أريحا)	Standard Arabic
	Yeriḥo (יריחו )	Modern Hebrew
Jerusalem	Al-Quds (القُدس)	Standard Arabic	Latin name
	Yerushalayim (יורשלים)	Hebrew
Jordan River	Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)	Standard Arabic
	Nahar ha-Yarden (נהר הירדן)	Hebrew

Poland

Poland Polska
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Auschwitz	Oświęcim	Polish	Dated, German name
Breslau	Wrocław	Polish	Dated, German name
Carpathian Mountains	Karpaty	Polish
Cracow	Kraków	Polish	Obsolete
Danzig	Gdańsk	Polish	Dated, German name
Galicia	Galicja	Polish
Giant Mountains	Karkonosze	Polish	Dated
Kashubia	Kaszëbë	Kashubian
	Kaszuby	Polish
Kuyavia	Kujawy	Polish
Mazovia	Mazowsze	Polish
Mazuria	Mazury	Polish
Oder river	Odra	Polish
Pomerania	Pomorze	Polish
Silesia	Śląsk	Polish
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Vistula river	Wisła	Polish
Warsaw	Warszawa	Polish

Portugal

Portugal
English name	Endonym	Notes
Azores	Açores	Spanish name
Braganza	Bragança	Dated, Spanish name
Lisbon	Lisboa
Oporto	Porto	Obsolete
Tagus river	Tejo	Latin name

Romania

Romania România
English name	Endonym	Notes
Bucharest	București
Carpathian Mountains	Carpați
Danube river	Dunǎrea
Jassy	Iași	Obsolete
Northern Dobruja	Dobrogea	Romanian half of former Dobruja region
Transylvania	Transilvania
Wallachia	Țara Românească
	Valahia

Russia

Russia Rossiya (Россия)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Archangel	Arkhangelsk (Архангельск)	Russian	Dated
Arctic Ocean	Severnyj Ledovityj okean (Северный Ледовитый океан)	Russian
Black Sea	Chernoje more (Черное море)	Russian
Caucasus	Kavkaz (Кавказ)	Russian
Caspian Sea	Kaspijskoje more (Каспийское море)	Russian
Grozny	Groznyj (Грозный)	Russian
	Sölƶa-Ġala (Соьлжа-ГӀала)	Chechen
Moscow	Moskva (Москва)	Russian
Orel	Oryol (Орёл)	Russian	Obsolete
Pacific Ocean	Tikhiy okean (Тихий океан)	Russian
Plescow	Pskov (Псков)	Russian	Obsolete
Saint Petersburg	Sankt-Peterburg (Санкт-Петербург)	Russian

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia As-Sa'ūdīyah (السعودية)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arabian Sea	Al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar (البحر العربي)	Standard Arabic
Gulf of Aden	Ḫalīǧ ʻAdan (خليج عدن)	Standard Arabic
Jeddah	Jiddah (جدة)	Standard Arabic
Mecca	Makkah (مکة)	Standard Arabic
Medina	Al-Madīnah (المدينة)	Standard Arabic
Persian Gulf	Al-Khalīj al-'Arabī (الخليج العربي)	Standard Arabic	The name translates into "Arabian Gulf" See also: Persian Gulf naming dispute
Red Sea	Al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar (البحر الأحمر)	Standard Arabic
Riyadh	Er-Riyāḍ (الرياض‎)	Najdi Arabic
	Ar-Riyāḍ (الرياض)	Standard Arabic

Serbia

Serbia Srbija (Србија)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Balkan Mountains	Stara Planina (Стара Планина)
Belgrade	Beograd (Београд)	French name
Danube river	Dunav (Дунав)

Slovakia

Slovakia Slovensko
English name	Endonym	Notes
Carpathian Mountains	Karpaty
Cassow	Košice	Obsolete
Danube river	Dunaj
Gerlach Peak	Gerlachovský štít
Maple Mountains	Javorníky
Slovak Ore Mountains	Slovenské rudohorie

Slovenia

Slovenia Slovenija
English name	Endonym	Notes
Carinthia	Koroška
Inner Carniola	Notranjska
Karawanks	Karavanke
Karst	Kras
Lower Carniola	Dolenjska
Slovene Littoral	Primorska
Styria	Štajerska
Upper Carniola	Dolenjska

South Africa

Many South African towns have multiple names due to the number of languages. Additionally, some places have been renamed from English and Afrikaans.

South Africa
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aliwal North	Maletswai		Dated
Cape Town	ǁHui!gaeb	Khoekhoe
	Kaapstad	Afrikaans
	iKapa	Xhosa
Fish Hoek	Vishoek	Afrikaans
Grahamstown	Grahamstad	Afrikaans	Dated in Afrikaans and English
	iRhini	Xhosa
Makhanda	iRhini	Xhosa
Queenstown	Komani		Dated
Simon's Town	Simonstad	Afrikaans

South Korea

The South Korean endonym, Hanguk, means the "Han nation", which refers to the Korean culture as a whole and not just South Koreans, as the South Korean government considers itself to be the sole legitimate government over the whole of Korea. South Koreans sometimes call their country Namhan (literally South Korea) to distinguish themselves from North Korea.

South Korea Hanguk (한국)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Liancourt Rocks	Dokdo (독도)
Port Hamilton	Geomundo (거문도)
Pusan	Busan (부산시)	Dated
Quelpart	Jeju (제주도)	Obsolete
Sea of Japan	Donghae (동해)	See also: Sea of Japan naming dispute

Spain

English uses Spanish-language exonyms for some places in non-Spanish speaking regions of Spain.

Spain España
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Andalusia	Andalucía	Spanish
Biscay	Bizkaia	Basque
	Vizkaya	Spanish
Castile	Castilla	Spanish
Catalonia	Catalunya	Catalan	Latin name
Corunna	A Coruña	Galician	Obsolete
Douro	Duero	Spanish	Portuguese name
Majorca	Mallorca	Catalan	Dated
Minorca	Menorca	Catalan	Dated
Navarre	Nafarroa	Basque
Pampeluna	Pamplona	Spanish	Dated
Saragossa	Zaragoza	Spanish	Dated
Seville	Sevilla	Spanish
Tagus	Tajo	Spanish	Latin name
Teneriffe	Tenerife	Spanish	Obsolete, French name
The Groyne	A Coruña	Galician	Obsolete

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon in English until 1972.

Sri Lanka Shri Lanka (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)/ Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Batticaloa	Madakalapuwa (මඩකලපුව)	Sinhala
	Maṭṭakkaḷappu (மட்டக்களப்பு)	Tamil
Chilaw	Cilāpam (சிலாபம்)	Tamil
	Halawta (හලාවත)	Sinhala
Colombo	Kolamba (කොළඹ)	Sinhala
	Kolumpu (கொழும்பு)	Tamil
Galle	Galla (ගාල්ල)	Sinhala
	Kali (காலி)	Tamil
Jaffna	Yalnapam (யாழ்ப்பாணம்)	Tamil
	Yapanaya (යාපනය)	Sinhala
Kandy	Kanti (கண்டி)	Tamil
	Mahanuwara (මහනුවර)	Sinhala
Mutwal	Modara (මෝදර)	Sinhala
	Mukattuvāram (முகத்துவாரம்)	Tamil
Negombo	Meegumuwa (මීගමුව)	Sinhala
	Nirkolompu (நீர்கொழும்பு)	Tamil
Trincomalee	Thrikunamalaya (ත්‍රිකුණාමළය)	Sinhala
	Tirukōṇamalai (திருகோணமலை)	Tamil

Sudan

Sudan As-Sūdān (السودان)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Khartoum	Al-Ḵurṭūm (الخَرطوم)	Standard Arabic
	El-Ḵortūm (الخَرطوم)	Sudanese Arabic
Nile river	An-Nīl (النيل)	Standard Arabic
	En-Nīl (النيل)	Sudanese Arabic
Omdurman	Omm Dormān (أُم درمان)	Sudanese Arabic
	Umm Durmān (أُم درمان)	Standard Arabic

Sweden

Sweden Sverige
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Dalecarlia		Elfdalian	Latin name; Swedish name also used
	Dalarna	Swedish
Gothenburg	Göteborg	Swedish
North Bothnia	Norrbotten	Swedish	Swedish name also used
Scania	Skåne	Swedish	Latin name
The Dales		Elfdalian	Obsolete; translation of Swedish name
	Dalarna	Swedish
West Bothnia	Västerbotten	Swedish	Swedish name also used in English

Switzerland

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

Historically, English-language sources borrowed French-language names for some places in German-speaking Switzerland. This is no longer done, and many sources now use German names for most Swiss German-speaking places.

Switzerland Schweiz/ Suisse/ Svizzera/ Svizra
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Basle	Basel	Standard German	Obsolete
Berne	Bern	Standard German	Obsolete
Geneva	Genève	French
	Genf	Standard German
Lucerne	Luzerne	Standard German
Rhine River	Rhein	Standard German
Valais	Wallis	Standard German

Syria

Syria Sūrīyah (سورية)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aleppo	Ḥalab (حلب)	Standard Arabic
		Levantine Arabic
Damascus	Dimašq (دمشق)	Standard Arabic
	Dimaš' (دمشق)	Levantine Arabic
Euphrates River	Al-Furat (الفرات)	Standard Arabic
Latakia	Al-Lāḏiqīyah (اللاذقية)	Standard Arabic
	El-Lādi'iyyeh (اللاذقية)	Levantine Arabic

Thailand

Thailand was known as Siam in English until the Siamese revolution of 1932. The Thai name for the country, Prathet Thai, literally means "Thai Kingdom".

Thailand Prathet Thai (ประเทศไทย)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Bangkok	Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ)	Old name
Mekong River	Maenam Khong (แม่น้ำโขง)
Singora	Songkhla (สงขลา)	Obsolete

Taiwan

The main island of Taiwan was formerly known in English as Formosa. All Chinese names are written in traditional characters. The Mandarin names are written in Hanyu Pinyin.

Taiwan Táiwān (臺灣)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Hualien	Huālián (花蓮)	Mandarin	Current English name is standard in local romanization, uses Chinese postal romanization
	Hoa-liân (花蓮)	Hokkien
	Fâ-lièn (花蓮)	Hakka
Kaohsiung	Gāoxióng (高雄)	Mandarin	Current English name is standard in local romanization, uses Chinese postal romanization
Keelung	Jīlóng (基隆)	Mandarin	Current English name is standard in local romanization, uses Chinese postal romanization
	Ke-lâng (雞籠)	Hokkien
Kinmen	Jīnmén (金門)	Mandarin	Transliteration Jinmen used in sources from China
	Kimmûi (金門)	Hokkien	Semi-transliteration Kimoi also used in English
Pehoe	Penghu (澎湖)	Mandarin	Obsolete, from Min Nan name Phênô
	Phîⁿ-ô͘ (澎湖)	Hokkien
Pescadores	Penghu (澎湖)	Mandarin	Dated, Portuguese name
	Phîⁿ-ô͘ (澎湖)	Hokkien
Quemoy	Jīnmén (金門)	Mandarin	Dated, English name pronounced like modern transliteration Kimoi
	Kimmûi (金門)	Hokkien
Taichung	Táizhōng (臺中)	Mandarin	Current English name is standard in local romanization, uses Chinese postal romanization
Taipei	Táiběi (臺北)	Mandarin	Current English name is standard in local romanization, uses Chinese postal romanization
Taitung	Táidōng (臺東)	Mandarin	Current English name is standard in local romanization, uses Chinese postal romanization
Tamsui	Dànshŭi (淡水)	Mandarin
	Tām-chúi (淡水)	Hokkien

Tunisia

Tunisia Tūnis (تونس)
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Gabès	Qābis (قابس)	Standard Arabic
		Maghrebi Arabic	Pronounced similar to English name
Sfax	Ṣafaqus (صفاقس)	Standard Arabic
	Sifaks (ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ)	Berber
	Ṣfāqes (صفاقس‎)	Maghrebi Arabic
Sousse	Susa	Berber
	Sūsah (سوسة)	Standard Arabic
	Sūseh (سوسة)	Maghrebi Arabic

Turkey

Turkey Türkiye
English name	Endonym	Notes
Adalia	Antalya	Dated
Adrianople	Edirne	Dated
Alexandretta	İskenderun	Dated
Anemurium	Anamur	Dated
Antioch	Antakya	Dated
Bosphorus	Boǧaziçi
Byzantium	İstanbul	Dated
Caeserea	Kayseri	Dated
Cappadocia	Kapadokya
Claudiopolis	Mut	Dated
Constantinople	İstanbul	Dated
Dardanelles	Çanakkale Boǧazı
Edessa	(Sanlı)urfa	Dated
Ephesus	Efes	Dated
Euphrates river	Fırat
Gallipoli	Gelibolu	Dated
Halicarnassus	Bodrum	Dated
Heraclea Pontica	Karadeniz Ereǧli	Dated
Iconium	Konya	Dated
Imbros	Gökçeada
Istanbul	İstanbul	Some consider Istanbul to be an English exonym of İstanbul. Normally spelled without İ in English, even in sources which would otherwise use it.
Kerasous	Giresun	Dated
Laranda	Karaman	Dated
Magnesia ad Sipylum	Manisa	Dated
Mediterranean Sea	Akdeniz
Nicaea	Iznik	Dated
Nicomedia	Izmit	Dated
Pergamon	Bergama	Dated
Philadelphia	Alaşehir	Dated
Prusa	Bursa	Dated
Scutari	Üsküdar	Dated
Seleucia	Silifke	Dated
Smyrna	İzmir	Dated
Tenedos	Bozcaada
Thrace	Trakya
Tigris river	Dicle
Tralles	Aydın	Dated
Trebizond	Trabzon	Dated

Ukraine

Ukraine Ukrayina (Україна)
English name	Endonym	Notes
Black Sea	Chorne more (Чорне море)
Chernobyl	Chornobyl (Чорнобиль)	Russian name
Crimea	Krym (Крим)	Region claimed by Russia, but many nations do not recognize it as part of Russia
Galicia	Halychyna (Галичина)
Gorlovka	Horlivka (Горлівка)	Archaic, Russian name
Kharkhov	Kharkhiv (Харків)	Archaic, Russian name
Kiev	Kyiv (Київ)	Russian name
Krivoy Rog	Kryvyi Rih (Кривиі Ріг)	Archaic, Russian name

United Kingdom

Scotland

The places listed are where Scottish Gaelic and Scots are mainly used or where the Scottish Gaelic/ Scots names don't regularly correspond to the English one.

Scotland Alba
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Achmore	An t-Acha Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Aird of Sleat	Àird Shlèite	Scottish Gaelic
Alexandria	Magh Leamhna	Scottish Gaelic
Applecross	A'Chomraich	Scottish Gaelic
Ardvasar	Àird a Bhàsair	Scottish Gaelic
Arinagour	Àirigh na Gobhar	Scottish Gaelic
Balivanich	Baile a Mhanaich	Scottish Gaelic
Ballygrant	Baile a Ghràna	Scottish Gaelic
Barra	Barraigh	Scottish Gaelic
Barvas	Barabhas	Scottish Gaelic
Bayble	Pabail	Scottish Gaelic
Bearsden	Cille Phàdraig Ùr	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Kilpatrick
Beauly	A'Mhanachainn	Scottish Gaelic
Benbecula	Beinn na Fadhla	Scottish Gaelic
Bernisdale	Beàrnasdal	Scottish Gaelic
Bishopbriggs	Coille Dobhair	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Cadder
Bo'ness (Borrowstounness)	Ceann an Fhàil	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Kinneil
Bowmore	Bogh Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Bracadale	Bracadal	Scottish Gaelic
Bridgend	Beul an Àtha	Scottish Gaelic
Breasclete	Breascleit	Scottish Gaelic
Broadford	An t-Àth Leathann	Scottish Gaelic
Cairngorms	Am Monadh Ruadh	Scottish Gaelic
Cairnryan	Machair An Sgithich, Cairn Rioghainne	Scottish Gaelic
Callinish	Calanais	Scottish Gaelic
Calgary	Calgarraidh	Scottish Gaelic
Camastianavaig	Camas Dìonabhaig	Scottish Gaelic
Campbeltown	Ceann Loch Chille Chiaran	Scottish Gaelic
Carinish	Càirinis	Scottish Gaelic
Carloway	Càrlabhag	Scottish Gaelic
Castlebay	Bàgh a Chaisteal	Scottish Gaelic
Cleadale	Clèadail	Scottish Gaelic
Coll	Cola	Scottish Gaelic
Colonsay	Colbhasa	Scottish Gaelic
Craighouse	Taigh na Creige	Scottish Gaelic
Craignure	Craig an Iobhar	Scottish Gaelic
Daliburgh	Dalabrog	Scottish Gaelic
Dingwall	Inbhir Pheofharain	Scottish Gaelic
Dufftown	Baile Bhainidh	Scottish Gaelic
Dunvegan	Dùn Bheagain	Scottish Gaelic
Edinbane	An t-Aodann Bàn	Scottish Gaelic
Eigg	Eige	Scottish Gaelic
Elgol	Ealaghol	Scottish Gaelic
Eriskay	Èirisgeigh	Scottish Gaelic
Flowerdale	Am Baile Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Fort Augustus	Cille Chuimein	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Kilwhimin
Fort William	An Gearasdan	Scottish Gaelic
Fortrose	A' Chananaich	Scottish Gaelic
Harlosh	Hèarrlois	Scottish Gaelic
Harris	Na Hearadh	Scottish Gaelic
Holywood, Dumfriesshire	Doire Chonaill	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Dercongal
Howmore	Tobha Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Iona	Ì Chaluim Chille	Scottish Gaelic
Islay	Ìle	Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Lewis	Leodhas	Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Mull	Muile	Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Skye	Sgitheneach	Scottish Gaelic
Isleornsay	Eilean Iarmain	Scottish Gaelic
Jura	Diùra	Scottish Gaelic
Kincardineshire	A' Mhaorainn	Scottish Gaelic	Sometimes called The Mearns
Kyleakin	Caol Àcain	Scottish Gaelic
Kylerhea	Caol Reatha	Scottish Gaelic
Laurencekirk	Coinmheadh	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Conveth
Laxdale	Lacadal	Scottish Gaelic
Leurbost	Liùrbost	Scottish Gaelic
Leverburgh	An t-Òbh	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Obbe
Linlithgow	Gleann Iucha	Scottish Gaelic
Lochboisdale	Loch Baghasdail	Scottish Gaelic
Lochmaddy	Loch nam Madadh	Scottish Gaelic
Lochnagar	Beinn Chìochan	Scottish Gaelic
Milovaig	Miolabhaig	Scottish Gaelic
Muck	Muc	Scottish Gaelic
Newtonferry	Port nan Long	Scottish Gaelic
Orsay	Orasaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Port Askaig	Port Asgaig	Scottish Gaelic
Port Charlotte	Port Sgioba	Scottish Gaelic
Port Ellen	Port Ìlain	Scottish Gaelic
Portnaguran	Port nan Giùran	Scottish Gaelic
Portnahaven	Port na-hAbhainn	Scottish Gaelic
Port of Ness	Port Nis	Scottish Gaelic
Portree	Port Righ	Scottish Gaelic
Raasay	Ratharsair	Scottish Gaelic
River Forth	An Abhainn Dubh	Scottish Gaelic
Rodel	Roghadal	Scottish Gaelic
Rothesay	Baile Bhòid	Scottish Gaelic
Saint Kilda	Hiort	Scottish Gaelic	Main island called Hirta
Salen	An t-Sàilean	Scottish Gaelic
Scalpay	Sgalpaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Scarinish	Sgarainis	Scottish Gaelic
Skigersta	Sgiogarstaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Soay	Sòdhaigh	Scottish Gaelic
South Queensferry	Cas Chaolais	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Caschillis
Staffa	Stafa	Scottish Gaelic
Stein	Steinn	Scottish Gaelic
Stoneybridge	Staoinebrig	Scottish Gaelic
Stornoway	Steòrnabhagh	Scottish Gaelic
Tain	Baile Dubhthaich	Scottish Gaelic
Tarbert	Tairbeart	Scottish Gaelic
Tarskavaig	Tarsgabhaig	Scottish Gaelic
The Cobbler	Beinn Artair	Scottish Gaelic	Also called Ben Arthur
Tigharry	Taigh a'Gherraidh	Scottish Gaelic
Tiree	Tiriodh	Scottish Gaelic
Tobermory	Tobar Mhoire	Scottish Gaelic
Torrin	Na Torrain	Scottish Gaelic
Troon	An Truthail	Scottish Gaelic
Uist	Uibhist	Scottish Gaelic
Ulva	Ulbha	Scottish Gaelic
Vatersay	Bhatarsaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Wishaw	Camasneachdain	Scottish Gaelic

Wales

See also: Welsh exonyms and Welsh placenames

English is the most used language in some of the places listed below. The rest of the locations mainly use Welsh.

Wales Cymru
English name	Endonym	Notes
Aberdovey	Aberdyfi	Dated
Abergavenny	Y Feni
Ammanford	Rhydaman
Anglesey	Ynys Môn
Bala Lake	Llyn Tegid
Bardsey Island	Ynys Enlli
Barmouth	Abermaw
Beaumaris	Biwmaris
Bonvilston	Tresimwn
Brecknockshire	Bycheiniog
Brecon	Aberhonddu
Brecon Beacons	Bannau Brycheiniog
Bridgend	Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
Builth Wells	Llanfair-ym-Muallt
Buckley	Bwcle
Caldey Island	Ynys Bŷr
Cardiff	Caerdydd
Caerleon	Caerllion
Ca(e)rnavon	Caernafon	Dated
Cardigan	Aberteifi
Cardiganshire	Ceredigion	Dated
Carmarthen	Caerfyddin
Chepstow	Cas-gwent
Chirk	Y Waun
Conway	Conwy	Dated
Cowbridge	Y Bont-faen
Denbigh	Dinbych
Devil's Bridge	Pontarfynach
Dolgelley	Dolgellau	Dated
Ebbw Vale	Glyn Ebwy
Fishguard	Abergwaun
Flint	Y Fflint
Glamorgan	Morgannwg
Goodwick	Wdig
Gower Peninsula	Gŵyr
Great Orme	Y Gogarth
Haverfordwest	Hwlfford
Hawarden	Penarlâg
Hay-on-Wye	Y Gelli Gandryll
Holyhead	Caergybi
Holywell	Treffynnon
Knighton	Tref-y-clawdd
Lampeter	Llanbedr Pont Steffan
Llandovery	Llanymddyfri
Llantwit Major	Lanilltud Fawr
Menai Bridge	Porthawethwy
Menai Strait	Afon Menai	Welsh name means "River Menai"
Merionethshire	Meirionydd
Milford Haven	Aberdaugleddau
Mold	Yr Wyddgrug
Monmouth	Trefynwy
Monmouthshire	Sir Fynwy
Montgomeryshire	Trefaldwyn
Mountain Ash	Aberpennar
Neath	Castell-nedd
Newbridge	Trecelyn
Newport	Casnewydd
Newtown	Y Drenewydd
Northop	Llaneurgain
Pembrokeshire	Penfro
Pont Neath Vaughan	Pontneddfechan	Dated
Port Dinorwic	Y Felinheli	Dated
Portmadoc	Porthmadog	Dated
Presteigne	Llanadras
Puffin Island	Ynys Seiriol
Radnorshire	Maesyfed
Rhondda Cynon Taf	Aberpenna
Rhymney	Rhymni
River Severn	Hafren
River Towy	Afon Tywi
River Usk	Afon Wysg
River Wye	Afon Gwy
Snowdon	Yr Wyddfa
Snowdonia	Eryri
St. Asaph	Llanelwy
St. David's	Tyddewi
Swansea	Abertawe
Tenby	Dynbich-y-pysgod
Tintern	Dindyrn
Towyn	Tywyn	Dated
Usk	Brynbuga
Vale of Glamorgan	Bro Morgannwg
Welshpool	Y Trallwng
Whitland	Hendy-gwyn
Wrexham	Wrecsam

United States

Several places in the United States have additional names in various Native languages.

United States
English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Allegheny River	Ohi:'i:o	Seneca
Mount McKinley	Denali	Koyukon	Dated, See also: Denali–Mount McKinley naming dispute
Mount Rainier	Tacoma	Salish
Red House	Joë'hesta	Seneca

Vietnam

All towns often are spelled without diacritics.

Vietnam Việt Nam
English name	Endonym	Notes
Annamite Range	Dãy Trường Sơn
Black River	Sông Đà
Cantho	Cần Thơ
Cholon	Chợ Lớn
Dalat	Đà Lạt
Danang	Đà Nẵng
Dienbien Phu	Điện Biên Phủ
Faifo	Hội An	Obsolete
Gulf of Tonkin	Vịnh Bắc Bộ
Haiphong	Hải Phòng
Halong Bay	Vịnh Hạ Long
Hanoi	Hà Nội
Ho Chi Minh City	Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (TPHCM)	formerly known as Saigon, though both names are used colloquially, See also: Names of Ho Chi Minh City
Hue	Huế
Marble Mountains	Ngũ Hành Sơn	Vietnamese name means "Five Elements Mountains"
Mekong River	Sông Mê Kông / Sông Cửu Long
Perfume River	Sông Hương	Vietnamese name means "Fragrant River"
Red River	Sông Hồng
Saigon	Sài Gòn	former name of Ho Chi Minh City, though both names are used colloquially, See also: Names of Ho Chi Minh City
South China Sea	Biển Đông
West Lake	Tây Hồ

See also

• List of European exonyms
• List of European regions with alternative names
• List of European rivers with alternative names
• List of English exonyms for German toponyms—some no longer current
• List of renamed Indian public places—some without current acceptance