Thalassery

Thalassery
—  Town  —
Thalassery
Coordinates: 11.75°N 75.49°E / 11.75; 75.49
Country	India
State	Kerala
District	Kannur
Government
• Municipality Chairperson	Amina Maliyekkal
Area
• Total	23.96 km2 (9.25 sq mi)
Elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population (2012)
• Total	80,386
• Density	4,148/km2 (10,740/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Malayalam, English
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	670 1xx
Telephone code	91 490
Vehicle registration	KL 58 -
Sex ratio	1000:1125 ♂/♀
Lok Sabha constituency	Vadakara
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Thalassery
Website	www.thalasserymunicipality.in
Thalassery is located in the southern part of Kannur District

Thalassery (IPA: [t̪alaʃeɾi] ( listen) Malayalam: തലശ്ശേരി), also known as Tellicherry, is one of the important town on the Malabar Coast of Northern Kerala, India. This is the second largest municipality of North Malabar in terms of population. Thalassery is a place where history sleeps, the happenings in Thalassery for the past 500 years had enormous significance in the development of Kerala State.

Thalassery municipality was formed in 1st November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 Amendment (locally in Madras)of Improvements in Towns act 1850 of The British Indian Empire. It is one of the foremost formed municipalities as per the fore said act. The municipality was known Thalassery Commission in those days. G M Ballard, the Malabar collector, was the first President of the municipal commission. Later a European Barrister A F Lamaral became the first Chairman of Thalassery municipality.

The name Tellicherry is the anglicized form of Thalassery. The administration manual vol.2, 1885 of the erstwhile Madras Presidency, says as per the research in regional legends and folklore, the puranic name of Thalassery was Swetharanya pura . The Upanishad Acharya Swethakethu took penance in this place and it is said that Lord Shiva danced ananda thandava here, hence the place known after the saint. Thalassery was the capital of North Malabar. The named coined as 'Thala' (Head) and 'Kacheri' (Office) meaning head of offices, hence Thalasseri. The place grew into a prominent place during European rule due to it's strategic geographic location.

Thalassery municipality has a population just less than 100,000. Established in 1866, it is the second oldest municipality in the state. Possessing an area of 23.98 km², Thalassery is a town strategically located on the western coast of Kannur district on the Malabar Coast of Kerala. It is 22 km from the district headquarters at Kannur. The town is situated between 11°44’N latitude and 75°26’E longitude, at an altitude ranging between 2.5m above the mean sea-level in the low-lying areas, to 30m above the mean sea-level in the higher regions.

History

The British established their presence in Kerala in 1682, when they obtained permission from the Vadakkilamkur Prince of Kolattunad to settle in Thalassery. In the following years, the British presence in the state of Kerala strengthened. During this period, there were many organised revolts held by the natives of the region against the empire. Among them was the revolt of 1704, organised by natives of Thalassery; this revolt was quickly crushed by the British forces due to its localised, non-nationalistic nature.

After the annexation of Malabar from Tipu Sultan the British tried to call back the the Royal families and other major Nair and Namboothiri feudal lords and their dependents back to Thalassery who had fled to Travancore (Trivandrum) during the invation of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, but this move was heavily opposed by some of the local rulers. This along with heavy taxation and laws that curbed free movement resulted in uprising against British. There were innumerable uprising against British which caused heavy casualty to the British forces, thousands of their men were killed, but most of the resistances were defeated and crushed mercilessly by the massive British forces. Thalassery has a great legacy in resisting the foreign rule. Pazhassi Raja, was one of the prominent leaders who fought against the British. His war strategy had devastating effects on the British army. He was an expert in guerrilla warfare, one of the foremost adopter of this strategy and the leader of one of the earliest uprising against the British in India.

British influence in trade and commerce

In the olden times Thalassery had a unique geographical advantage as it was in the border of Chirakkal, Kadathanad and Kottayam Kingdom in north, south and east respectively and also in the eastern area there was access to Wayanad. Gradually it became a trade area and a sea port was developed.The British East India Company built a warehouse (paandika shala) in Thalassery in 1863 aiming at the storage and export of spices from eastern hilly areas. It evolved as a commerce center mainly after 16th century. In 1704 the decendants of Udayamangalam Kingdom who were having enmity with the Raja of Chirakkal(Kolathiri)along with the local Madambi Kurungoth Nair attacked the trade centers of Thalassery. Kurungoth Nair demanded to pay tax and a share of commodities traded in Thalassery. These native uprising was neutralized by the British along with the nearby kingdoms. This prompted the British to request the Vadakkilamkoor Kingdom to built a fort in Thalassery for the safety of their trade and commerce. The fort then was planned to be built in location owned by Ponnolil Mussad called Thiruvallappan kunnu in a few meters of proximity from the sea , the Raja of Kolathunad himself came for laying the foundation stone for the Thalassery fort. The Prince of Vadakkilamkoor(Kolathunad) handed over the fort and adjoining land to The British on 20th August 1708. The fort was modified and extended by East India Company later. It was after the construction of fort Thalassery grew into a prominent trade center and a port in British Malabar. The British got the administrative authority over Malabar after the annexation of Malabar from Tipu Sultan in the Battle of Sreerangapatna. Thalassery thus became the capital of North British Malabar.

During the British rule, the Malayalam name Thalassery was anglicised into Tellichery.

From the British built seaport in Thalassery a variety of spices such as pepper and cardamom were exported. (Thalassery pepper, ground from locally grown pungent black peppercorns, is much sought after by chefs around the world). A ship wreckage of these merchant caravans is visible near the shore of Thalassery.

Thalassery fort, with its massive walls, secret tunnels to the sea, and huge, intricately carved doors, is an imposing structure. The fort, once the nucleus of Thalassery's development, is now an historical monument. One of the entry of the secret tunnel is opened to the public. However the access is limited to a few meters walk inside the tunnel. In 1781, this fort was attacked unsuccessfully by the ruler and military commander of Mysore, Hyder Ali.

The British also established the district judicial court in Thalassery 200 years ago in 1802. . H.Clephen was the First Judge of the Zilla Court. During the British rule, jurisdiction of Thalassery Court extended up to Mysore.

One of the popular tourist spots in the town, Overbury's Folly, was built by E. N. Overbury a local British judge in the 1870s. The sea walls built on his order saved Thalassery from further sea erosion.

Gandhiji visited Thalassery in 1934. There were innumerable freedom fighters in this area S L Prabhu, Kamala Prabhu, Mukund Maller, Dr. T V N Nair, Sardar Chandroth Kunjiraman Nair, K P Raghavan Nair, N P Damodaran, Adv. P Kunjiraman were a few among them.

For the ship wrecked in 1806 see Tellicherry (ship)

Geography

Thalassery is in Kannur district.The town has Dharmadam Panchayat in north, Eranjoli and Kodiyeri in east, and New Mahe in south and Arabian sea on west. The palm-fringed terrain of Thalassery has a scenic coastline and features four rivers, canals and hills with orange-hued rock. One of the four rivers is the Mahé River (Mayyazhi river). During the British Raj, the Mahé River was nicknamed the English Channel, because it separated British-ruled Thalassery from French-ruled Mahé. Muzhappilangad, a 5 km long Drive in beach, in fact it's the only Drive in beach in Asia, is located within 6 km of the city centre.

Climate

Thalassery experiences a Tropical wet and dry climate under the Köppen climate classification. The wet season starts in June as the South-west monsoon first hits the coastal Kerala and continues until the end of September. A brief pre-monsoon Mango showers occurs sometime during April. Precipitation from the North-East Monsoon sets in during the second half of October through November.

Climate data for Thalassery
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	32.2 (90)	32.6 (90.7)	33.3 (91.9)	33.5 (92.3)	32.8 (91)	30.1 (86.2)	29 (84)	29.2 (84.6)	30.2 (86.4)	31 (88)	31.9 (89.4)	32.1 (89.8)	31.49 (88.69)
Average low °C (°F)	22.9 (73.2)	23.8 (74.8)	25.5 (77.9)	26.3 (79.3)	26 (79)	24.4 (75.9)	23.7 (74.7)	23.9 (75)	24.2 (75.6)	24.2 (75.6)	24.1 (75.4)	22.8 (73)	24.32 (75.78)
Rainfall mm (inches)	7.6 (0.299)	0.4 (0.016)	7.7 (0.303)	28 (1.1)	86.1 (3.39)	408.2 (16.071)	455.1 (17.917)	194.4 (7.654)	66.2 (2.606)	161.7 (6.366)	63.4 (2.496)	9.2 (0.362)	1,488 (58.58)
Source: WWO

Demographics

Thalassery in Colonial times

As of 2001 India census, Thalassery has a population of 99,386, making it the 8th largest city of Kerala in terms of population. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Thalassery has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 86%. In Thalassery, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. The Thalassery urban agglomeration is considered as consisting of the Thalassery municipality and panchayaths of Eranholi, Kadirur, Dharmadam, Muzhappilangad, Pinarayi and New Mahe with a present population of around 200,000.

Thalassery Assembly Constituency

The Thalassery assembly constituency consists of Thalassery Municipality and four neighboring Panchayats namely Eranholi, Kadirur, New Mahe and Chokli. Dharmadam has been excluded from Thalassery recently, becoming a separate constituency.

Culture

The regional culture was heavily influenced and by the British, the Christian missionaries, the educational reforms and also due to the migration of a huge number of people, a majority of them was the Royal family, Nair and Namboothiri feudal lords and their associates, to Travancore during Hyder Ali's and Tipu Sultan's invation was another factor,resulting in lesser social discrepancies between upper and lower casts between 18th century to mid 20th century. This was entirely different from Travancore Cochin area which was not under the Madras Presidency, where there were huge inequality in the society. So British Malabar and Travancore-Cochin had a small difference in culture and society in those days . The economic strength was largely increased to to middle-east migration.

Muchilottu Bhagavathy Theyyam

Kalari Payattu One of the prominent area of Kalari payattu in Kerala. Kalari Payattu was banned by the British which had a revival after a resurgence of public interest from Thalassery in 1920. Thalassery is one of the major centers of vadakkan kalari.

Inside of Kalari

Kalari payatu training

Thalassery is known as the political and cultural capital of modern malabar. Its the centre of progressive political and literary movements. In the colonial era itself Thalassery was the centre of learning in north Kerala. The first Malayalam newspapers, novels and short stories in Malayalam were born here. Earlier, the well known romantic poem in Malayalam, "Veenapoovu" (Fallen Flower) of Kumaran Asan was published from Thalassery. It's also the birthplace of the Communist movement in Kerala. Thalassery has a composite cosmopolitan culture. Rajya Samacharam, the first Malayalam newspaper, was published from Thalassery.

Thalassery is at times referred to as the city of 3 C's, namelyCricket (where Indians first played cricket), Cakes and Circuses.^{[citation needed]}

Thalassery is considered to be the birthplace of the Indian Circus.^{[citation needed]} Keeleri Kunhikannan, born in the city, is known as "the father of Kerala Circus". Circus artists and coaches from Thalassery are very much in demand.^{[citation needed]} India's premier Circus Academy was inaugurated in Thalassery.^{[citation needed]}

Older houses in Thalassery have traditional Kerala architecture, usually large houses with wide verandas and solid wooden doors. Each house invariably has coconut trees, jackfruit, and perhaps papaya, and/or mango trees. The many idyllic suburbs are well defined by the rivers and canals that flow past.

Since long ago Thalassery residents, like other Keralites, have gone abroad, or all over India, in search of work, and to seek their fortunes. It is quite common to find one or more persons from each household living overseas or in other states. This has led to a somewhat dependent money-order economy. It is a matter of concern for the residents on how to diversify and have a self-sustainable and independent local economy. Thalassery is also famous for its cuisine, the Thalassery biryani is famous for its distinguishing taste. The influence of Arabian culture is evident in Thalassery dishes.

Heritage City

The Government of Kerala declared Thalassery a heritage city. A Rs.200 crore project for Thalassery Heritage Tourism Circuit has been announced by the Department of Tourism, Govt.of Kerala. With heritage conservation as the main aim, the new circuit would cover the heritage sites such as the Thalassery Fort, the Sree Rama Temple at Thiruvangad, St. John's Anglican Church, Arakkal Kettu, Jagannatha Temple, Thalassery Pier, Ezhimala Fort, Madayi and Neeliyar Fort, the Annapoorna Temple, Thrichambaram Temple, Sree Rajarajeswara Temple in Taliparamba, Kanjirangad Temple, Thrikkaikkunnam Temple, Soorya Narayana Temple, Perlasserry Temple, Makreri Temple, Thiruvattoor Temple, Nadal Oorparassikkavu, Thrikkaikunnu Temple, Dharmadam Andaloorkkavu, Thodeekkulam Temple, various mosques in the Arakkal area and the Kakkulangara Mosque.

Kadal palam

The project also includes the preservation of the residence of Herman Gundert, the home of renowned communist leader Late A.K. Gopalan at Perlasserry, the historical monuments in Chirackal area and the handloom village at Azhikode. A museum of traditional arts in Thalassery is also envisaged in the project.
Thalassery has a rich heritage of educational institutions. Many schools and colleges were started by christian missionaries and the British. English literacy of natives were greatly improved due to involvement of these institutions. The schools provided admission to students irrespective of caste and religion. Thalassery is home to one of the campus of Kannur University.
It should be well worthy to note that Thalassery was meant to be the headquarters of the new district that was formed in Kerala after independence. However the people of Thalassery were courtious enough to ask Kannur be the headquarters as Thalassery was already a high population density town and Kannur had more opportunity to develop as there were lot of freely available space in Kannur in that time.

Religious Places

Sree Jagannath Temple

Sree Gnanodayayogam, the prominent social organisation of North Malabar and the governing body of Sree Jagannath Temple, Thalassery, was consecrated in 1908 by his Holiness Sree Narayana Guru, in light of centennial celebrations. Sree Varadur Kunhi Kannan visited Guru Dev in December 1904 and suggested that Thiyya Community should have a Temple at Thalassery. Sree Narayana Guru Dev allowed Varadur to invite Kumaran Asan as his representative, and to convene meetings with citizens to ascertain the feasibility of a Temple for the community. Kumaran Asan, who was residing in Bangalore, accepted the invitation, and on his arrival the first meeting was convened at ‘Parambath House’ of Sree Cheruvari Shirastadar on 9 July 1905.The temple is open to people of all casts; during the period where there was huge caste discremination prevelant in the society.

Sarpa Kavu

Sree Andaloor Kavu

Andaloor kavu is well known for the variety of theyyams, the ancient ritual of North-Kerala. It is believed to be the early Buddhist shrine in Kerala. During the festival season the entire Dharmadam village accepts vegetarian diet, they purchase new utensils, clothes and paint their homes. Everyone will be accepted as guests at homes in Dharmadam during the temple feast season, which is also the festival of the village. The guests will be cordially treated with rice flakes and plantains. Villoppikkal (presentation of arrow), meyyalu koodal, kuluthattal etc. are some the rituals performed by the men of the village.

Odathil Palli

In the heart of Thalassery stands the 200-year-old Odathil Palli and the Garden Mosque. The site of the Odathil Palli used to be a sugarcane garden of the Dutch. It changed hands to the British-owned East India Company. Odathil Palli is a destination that tourists and travelers come to see. The highlights of Odathil Palli are that it has the typical Kerala architecture, and it is in the heart of Tellicherry. The crown on the roof is made of gold. The mosque is still in use for worship today.

Thiruvangad Sree Ramaswami Temple

Sree Ramaswami Temple is a temple dedicated to the Lord Sree Rama, located in Thiruvangad, Thalassery. It is one of the four important temples dedicated to Lord Sree Rama in Kerala. The other three are at Triprayar, Thiruvilluamala and Kadalur. It is Located on an elevated plot of 2.75 hectares with an adjoining temple tank known as Chira which extends over an area of one hectare. This temple has excellent wood carvings, terracota art work, mural paintings carved on wooden planks in the ceilings.

Sports

Cricket

ThalasseryMunicipal Stadium

The Thalassery Stadium, located close to the sea, hosts the Ranji Trophy cricket matches quite often. Lord Arthur Wellesley is believed to have introduced this game in Kerala in the 18th century for the British soldiers who were garrisoned in the Tellichery Fort. India's first Cricket Club, which was later renamed as the Town Cricket Club, was formed in 1860 at Tellichery. The Tellichery Cricket ground was the hub of cricket activities those days. It has been reported that an exhibition match was conducted in this ground to raise funds during the First World War. Famous English cricketer Colin Cowdrey's father was a tea planter in Thalassery and he used to play cricket in Thalassery during 1890s, and is credited to have laid a decent cricket pitch here, in the early 1900s. Colin Cowdrey played in Thalassery during the British regime.

Thalassery Cricket Ground celebrated its 200th birthday in 2002 by hosting a match between the former cricketers of India and Sri Lanka. In 2008 a new stadium only for cricket was inaugurated in Conor Vayal near Venus Junction in Thalassery, as a project of the Kerala Cricket Association.

Education

General Information:

Thalassery is home to the Government Brennen College, Thalassery, founded in 1862, one of the oldest educational institutions in the region. The Basel Evangelic Mission Parsy (B.E.M.P High school) is the first English Medium school set up in Thalassery. MES Bava Residential School is the first CBSE school set up in Thalassery.

Colleges:

• Government Brennen College, Thalassery
• College of Engineering, Thalassery
• Kannur University Thalassery Campus, Palayad
• Medical College, Anjarakkanty
• Co-Operative College of Nursing
• Co-Operative College of Physiotherapy and para-medical sciences

Training Institutes:

Nettur Technical Training Foundation (NTTF) - Thalassery

• Nettur Technical Training Foundation
• Sports Authority of India SAG Centre.
• Kerala School of Fine Arts
• Govt. Brennen College of Teacher Education
• IHRD College of Applied Science
• BKJM School of Nursing

Higher Secondary Schools:

Higher secondary schools provide 10+2 pattern of education. After implementing this pattern by Government of Kerala, a decade ago most of the government schools provide the students to choose from various streams like Science, Commerce, Computer Science, Humanities etc. The first schools to provide 10+2 pattern at Thalassery is MES Bava Residential School which is affiliated to CBSE.

• St Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Thalassery
• Sacred Heart Girls High School, Thalassery
• Basel Evangelical Mission Parsi High School, Thalassery(B.E.M.P High School)
• MES Bava Resedential School, Thiruvangad, Thalassery
• Thiruvangad Girls Higher Secondary School, Thiruvangaad, Thalassery
• Madrasathul Mubaraka Higher Secondary School(MMHSS)
• Government Girls Higher Secondary School, Thalassery
• Government Brennen Higher Secondary School, Thalassery

Healthcare

Thalasserry Co-op Hospital

• Malabar Cancer Centre, Moozhikkara
• Government General Hospital
• Co-operative Hospital
• Indiragandhi Co-operative Hospital,manjodi.
• Josgiri Hospital
• Mission Hospital
• Santhosh Hospital
• Tely Hospital
• Kay paral Hospital
• Shemi Hospital
• Keerthi Hospital

Commerce

Trade and Commerce in Thalassery is mainly in retail and whole sale industry. There is no sea port now. There is not much industries surrounding Thalassery except a few like Rubco. The international trade from Thalassery is now only a fraction of the trade that happened in the glorious past during the British.

Transportation

Railway station

Thalassery Railway Station is one of the major railway stations in Kerala under Palakkad Railway Division. It's an 'A' class railway station. It is one of the most revenue generating railway stations in Kerala.

Bus station

Thalassery has three bus stations. Most of the buses operate from the New Bus Stand estd 1982. Buses to suburban areas operate from Town bus stand adjacent to the new bus stand vegetable market. A few suburban buses operate centering Old bus stand and all buses towards north halt at Old bus stand. KSRTC depot is located at Konor vayal, behind Thalassery Cricket stadium. Passengers to Bangalore, Thiruvanathapuram and Madurai make use of KSRTC bus station. Inter-state buses to Karnataka and Tamil Nadu operate via New bus stand. Buses are available to Kudagu and Wayanad in a frequency of once in an hour and to Mysore in a frequency of once in three hours from New bus stand. Ticket reservation counters of Kerala RTC and Karnataka RTC (Online) are located in New bus stand complex. Private travel agencies, where you can book tickets to Bengaluru (Day&Night services), Coimbatore, Mumbai and Ernakulam, also function in New bus-stand complex.

How to reach

• By air: The nearest airport is at Kozhikode International Airport, about 93 km south. The works of Kannur International Airport commenced recently. The new airport will be near Mattanur, a town en route Tellicherry and Coorg around 28 km from the city. Airport can be accessed via Thalassery-Anjarakkanty road, around 20 Kilometers from Thalassery.
• By rail: Thalassery Railway Station. Thalassery railway station is well linked to major towns up country as well as within the state.
• By road: Kanyakumari-Mumbai NH-66 passes through Thalassery. Kozhikode is 66 km away from Thalassery. Thalassery Coorg Road is a major road linking Kerala to kudaku >Thalassery - Kadirur -Koothuparamb- Nirmalagiri College - Mattannur -Iritty- Koottupuzha - State Boundary 55.1 km. Interstate buses ply on this route in a frequency of once in an hour.
• Thalassery is well connected with the Bangalore(Bengaluru) through road. There are lots of private buses operating from Thalassery to Bangalore during day-time. Return trips are usually at night.

Places of interest

Overbury's Folly, Thalassery

Thalassery fort, Thalassery

• Dharmadam BeachDharmadam Island
• Muzhappilangad beach
• Kanakamala
• Centenary Park, Sea view Park

Dharmadam Beach and Island

• Thalassery Pier (Kadalpaalam)
• Tellicherry Fort

Muzhappilangad Beach

• Thalassery Stadium, Overbury's Folly
• Odathil Palli
• Thiruvangad Sree Ramaswami Temple
• Sree Moozhikkara Bhagavati Temple
• Sree Jagannath Temple
• Andalur kavu Sree Ramaswami Temple
• Chirakkakavu Bhagavathi Temple
• Kottayam Shiva Temple

Chakyar Koothu in Tiruvangad Temple

• Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swami Temple
• Mariamman Koil, Pilakool
• Sri Narayana Velayudhan Kovil, Pilackool
• Melut Sri Muthappan Madappura
• Kaitheri Neelakaringali Temple
• Shri Porkali Bhagavathi Temple

Notable residents

• Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja, The leader of foremost struggle against British in India.His Palace was located in Kottayam (Thalassery). Major General. Wellesley (Who was earlier one among the commander of allied forces during Battle of Waterloo which resulted in the defeated of Napoleon; Later known as, Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington ), came to Thalassery to fight against Pazhassi Raja after defeating Tipu Sultan in the Battle of Srirangapatna.

• Hermann Gundert, German missionary and scholar, he is author of the first Malayalam dictionary, the first Malayalam news paper (Rajyasamacharam)and the one of the earlier Malayalam grammar reference book. lived in Thalassery for 20 years. He is the grand father of Nobel laureate Herman Hesse.
• Keeleri Kunhikannan, a martial arts trainer and Gymnast, known as the father of Kerala Circus

• C.V.Devan Nair, The third President of Singapore (In office: 23 October 1981-28 March 1985).

• Sanjayan (Mannikoth Ramunni Nair), famous malayalam satirist, was born in Thalassery.

• Wing Cmdr. Moorkoth Ramunny, IFAS, the first piolet from Kerala, first chief trainer National Defence Academy, Member of Jawaharlal Nehru's Office, Advisor to the Governor of Nagaland.

• William Logan, The author of Malabar Manual, Logan's road in Thalassery is named after him.

• Captain. Edward Brennen, Established one of the foremost educational institutions in India. The Brennan institutions in Thalassery in 1862.

• O Chandu Menon, The author of Indulekha, the first step of modern malayalam classic.

• Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar, The author of first malayalam short story, Vasanavikriti. Under the pen names "Kesari", "Vajrasoochi","Vajrabahu".

• Moorkoth Kumaran, Writer and activist.

• N Prabhakaran, award-winning Writer of short stories, novels, drama, travelogue, literary criticism and screenplay.
• M.V. Devan, Noted painter Sculpturer.

• Prof. M.N. Vijayan, Famous orator and writer.

• Mambally Bapu, Entrepreneurer, started Kerala's first bakery, started on a Christmas day of 1880.

Further reading

• Renjith, Moorkoth, ed (2000). Thalassery Millennium Manual. 
• Skaria Zacharia, ed. Thalassery Rekhakal. Kottaym: DC Books. 
• Thalassery Arivukal.K.M.Govi. Thalassery:Sanjayan Samskarika Vedi,2011