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|name = Viswanathan Anand
|name = Viswanathan Anand
|image = VishyAnand09.jpg
|image = VishyAnand09.jpg
|birthname = Vishwanathan Anand <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110514174615/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=38320&pn]</ref>
|birthname = V. Anand or Anand Vishwanathan<ref>I'm Anand. My father is Vishwanathan. At some point people assumed that this must be my first name and Anand must be my last name. It's common in the West. Vishwanathan was unpronounceable for them. Became Vishy. But my father is Vishwanathan Krishnamurthy. I am Anand Vishwanathan. Of course, my wife is Aruna Anand. So among the mysteries we have to explain to many people is, though we are married, why we don’t share the same family name.[http://web.archive.org/web/20110514174615/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=38320&pn]</ref>
|country = [[India]]
|country = [[India]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|12|11|df=yes}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|12|11|df=yes}}

Revision as of 16:37, 10 March 2016

In this Indian name, the name Viswanathan is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Anand.
Viswanathan Anand
Full nameV. Anand or Anand Vishwanathan[1]
CountryIndia
Born (1969-12-11) 11 December 1969 (age 54)
Mayiladuthurai,[2] Tamil Nadu, India
TitleGrandmaster (1988)
World Champion2000–02 (FIDE)
2007–13
FIDE rating2762 (March 2016)
(No. 12 in the March 2016 FIDE World Rankings).
Peak rating2817 (March 2011)

Viswanathan "Vishy" Anand (Template:Lang-ta; born 11 December 1969) is an Indian chess Grandmaster and a five-time World Chess Champion. He is considered to be one of the best chess players of all time.

Viswanathan Anand became India's first grandmaster in 1988.[3] He held the FIDE World Chess Championship from 2000 to 2002. He became the undisputed World Champion in 2007 and defended his title against Vladimir Kramnik in 2008. He then defended his title in the World Chess Championship 2010 against Veselin Topalov and in the World Chess Championship 2012[4] against Boris Gelfand. In the World Chess Championship 2013 he lost to challenger Magnus Carlsen and he lost again to Carlsen in the World Chess Championship 2014.[5]

In April 2006 Anand became the fourth player in history to pass the 2800 Elo mark on the FIDE rating list, after Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Kramnik and Veselin Topalov.[6] He occupied the number one position for 21 months, the 6th longest on record.[7]

He was also the first recipient of the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 1991–92, India's highest sporting honour. In 2007, he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, making him the first sports person to receive the award.

Early life

Viswanathan Anand was born on 11 December 1969 at Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu .[8][9] Shortly thereafter, his family moved to Madras (now Chennai), where he grew up.[2] His father, Krishnamurthy Viswanathan, is a retired General Manager of Southern Railways, had studied in Jamalpur, Bihar, and his mother Susheela was a housewife and chess/film/club aficionado and an influential socialite.

Anand is the youngest of 3 children. He is 11 years younger than his sister and 13 years younger than his brother. His elder brother, Shivakumar is a manager at Crompton Greaves in India and his elder sister, Anuradha, is a professor in the United States at the University of Michigan.[10][11]

Anand learnt chess from age six from his mother and a close family friend named Deepa Ramakrishnan.[12]

Anand was educated at Don Bosco Matriculation Higher Secondary School,[13] Egmore, Chennai and holds a degree of Bachelor of Commerce from Loyola College, Chennai.[14]

Personal life

In August 2010, Anand joined the board of directors of Olympic Gold Quest, a foundation for promoting and supporting India's elite sportspersons and potential young talent.[15][16][17] On 24 December 2010 Anand was guest of honour on the grounds of Gujarat University, where 20,486 players created a new world record of simultaneous chess play at single venue.[18]

His hobbies are reading, swimming, and listening to music. He is married to Aruna Anand and has a son born on 9 April 2011.[19]

Anand has been regarded as an unassuming person with a reputation for refraining from political and psychological ploys and instead focusing on his game.[20] This has made him a well-liked figure throughout the chess world for two decades, evidenced by the fact that Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Kramnik, and Magnus Carlsen, of whom the former two were rivals for the World Championship throughout Anand's career, each aided him in preparing for the World Chess Championship 2010.[21][22] Anand is sometimes known as the "Tiger of Madras".[23]

Anand was the only sportsperson to have been invited for the dinner hosted by the Indian PM Manmohan Singh for US President Barack Obama on 7 November 2010.[24]

Anand was denied an honorary doctorate from University of Hyderabad because of confusion over his citizenship status; however, later Kapil Sibal, India's Minister of Human Resource Development apologised and said "There is no issue on the matter as Anand has agreed to accept the degree at a convenient time depending on his availability".[25] According to The Hindu, Anand finally declined to accept the doctorate.[26]

Early Chess career

Anand's rise in the Indian chess world was meteoric. National level success came early for him when he won the National Sub-Junior Chess Championship with a score of 9/9 in 1983 at the age of fourteen. In 1984 Anand won the Asian Junior Chess Championship in Coimbatore earning an International Master norm. He became the youngest Indian to achieve the title of International Master at the age of fifteen, in 1985 by winning the Asian Junior Championship for the second year in a row, this time in Hong Kong.[27] At the age of sixteen he became the national chess champion and won that title two more times. He played games at blitz speed. In 1987, he became the first Indian to win the World Junior Chess Championship. In 1988, at the age of 18, he became India's first Grandmaster by winning the Shakti Finance International chess tournament held in Coimbatore, India. He was awarded Padma Shri at the age of eighteen.

Anand at the Manila 1992 Olympiad, age 22

In the World Chess Championship 1993 cycle Anand qualified for his first Candidates Tournament, winning his first match but narrowly losing his quarter-final match to Anatoly Karpov.[28]

In 1994–95 Anand and Gata Kamsky dominated the qualifying cycles for the rival FIDE and PCA world championships. In the FIDE cycle (FIDE World Chess Championship 1996), Anand lost his quarter-final match to Kamsky after leading early.[29] Kamsky went on to lose the 1996 FIDE championship match against Karpov.

In the 1995 PCA cycle, Anand won matches against Oleg Romanishin and Michael Adams without a loss, then avenged his FIDE loss by defeating Gata Kamsky in the Candidates final.[30] In 1995, he played the PCA World Chess Championship 1995 against Kasparov in New York City's World Trade Center. After an opening run of eight draws (a record for the opening of a world championship match), Anand won game nine with a powerful exchange sacrifice, but then lost four of the next five. He lost the match 10½–7½.

In the 1998 FIDE cycle, the reigning champion Karpov was granted direct seeding by FIDE into the final against the winner of the seven-round single elimination Candidates tournament. The psychological and physical advantage gained by Karpov from this decision caused significant controversy, leading to the withdrawal of future World Champion Vladimir Kramnik from the candidates tournament. Anand won the candidates tournament, defeating Michael Adams in the final, and immediately faced a well-rested Karpov for the championship. Despite this tremendous disadvantage for Anand, which he described as being "brought in a coffin" to play Karpov,[20] the regular match ended 3–3, which led to a rapid playoff, which Karpov won 2–0. Karpov thus remained the FIDE champion.

Other results

Anand won three consecutive Advanced Chess tournaments in Leon, Spain, after Garry Kasparov introduced this form of chess in 1998, and is widely recognised as the world's best Advanced Chess player, where humans may consult a computer to aid in their calculation of variations.

His game collection, My Best Games of Chess, was published in the year 1998 and was updated in 2001.

Anand's recent tournament successes include the Corus chess tournament in 2006 (tied with Veselin Topalov), Dortmund in 2004, and Linares in 2007 and 2008. He has won the annual event Monaco Amber Blindfold and Rapid Chess Championships in years 1994, 1997, 2003, 2005 and 2006. He is the only player to have won five titles of the Corus chess tournament. He is also the only player to win the blind and rapid sections of the Amber tournament in the same year (twice: in 1997 and 2005). He is the first player to have achieved victories in each of the three big chess supertournaments: Corus (1989, 1998, 2003, 2004, 2006), Linares (1998, 2007, 2008), Dortmund (1996, 2000, 2004).

In 2007 he won the Grenkeleasing Rapid championship, which he won for the tenth time defeating Armenian GM Levon Aronian.[31] Incidentally, just a few days before Aronian had defeated Anand in the Chess960 final.[32]

In March 2007, Anand won the Linares chess tournament and it was widely believed that he would be ranked world No.1 in the FIDE Elo rating list for April 2007. However, Anand was placed No.2 in the initial list released because the Linares result was not included. FIDE subsequently announced that the Linares results would be included after all,[33] making Anand number one in the April 2007 list.[34]

Anand won the Mainz 2008 Supertournament Championship by defeating rising star Magnus Carlsen, earning his eleventh title in that event.[35]

World Chess championships

FIDE World Champion 2000

Main article: FIDE World Chess Championship 2000

After several near misses, Anand won the FIDE World Chess Championship in 2000 for the first time after defeating Alexei Shirov 3½–0½ in the final match held at Tehran, thereby becoming the first Indian to win that title.

He failed to defend the title in 2002, losing in the semifinals to Vassily Ivanchuk. The 2002 FIDE world championship was ultimately won by Ruslan Ponomariov. Anand tied for second with Peter Svidler in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 with 8½ points out of 14 games, 1½ points behind the winner, Veselin Topalov.

World Champion 2007

Anand in 2007
Main article: World Chess Championship 2007

In September 2007 Anand became World Champion again by winning that year's FIDE World Championship Tournament held in Mexico City. He won the double round-robin tournament with a final score of 9 out of 14 points, a full point ahead of joint second-place finishers Vladimir Kramnik and Boris Gelfand.

In 2000, when Anand won the FIDE World Championship, there was also the rival "Classical" World Championship, held by Kramnik. By 2007, the world championship had been reunified, so Anand's victory in Mexico City made him undisputed World Chess Champion. He became the first undisputed champion to win the title in a tournament, rather than in matchplay, since Mikhail Botvinnik in 1948.

In October 2007, Anand said he liked the double round robin championship format (as used in the 2007 championship in Mexico City), and that the right of Kramnik to automatically challenge for the title was "ridiculous".[36]

World Champion 2008

This section uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.
Main article: World Chess Championship 2008

Anand convincingly defended the title against Kramnik in the World Chess Championship 2008 held 14–29 October in Bonn, Germany. The winner was to be the first to score 6½ points in the twelve-game match.[37] Anand won by scoring 6½ points in 11 games, having won three of the first six games (two with the black pieces).[38] After the tenth game, Anand led 6–4 and needed only a draw in either of the last two games to win the match. In the eleventh game, Kramnik played the Najdorf Variation of the Sicilian Defense. Once the players traded queens, Kramnik offered a draw after 24 moves since he had no winning chances in the endgame.

Anand–Kramnik, 2008 World Ch.
abcdefgh
8
c8 black rook
f8 black king
g8 black rook
b7 black pawn
e7 black knight
f7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
f5 black pawn
e3 black bishop
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
f2 white rook
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
b1 white king
c1 white knight
f1 white bishop
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Final position of the match

Anand (2783) – Kramnik (2772), Wch Bonn GER (11);[39] 29 October 2008 (final game)
1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Bg5 e6 7.f4 Qc7 8.Bxf6 gxf6 9.f5 Qc5 10.Qd3 Nc6 11.Nb3 Qe5 12.0-0-0 exf5 13.Qe3 Bg7 14.Rd5 Qe7 15.Qg3 Rg8 16.Qf4 fxe4 17.Nxe4 f5 18.Nxd6+ Kf8 19.Nxc8 Rxc8 20.Kb1 Qe1+ 21.Nc1 Ne7 22.Qd2 Qxd2 23.Rxd2 Bh6 24.Rf2 Be3 ½–½

Responding to Anand's win, Garry Kasparov said "A great result for Anand and for chess. Vishy deserved the win in every way and I'm very happy for him. It will not be easy for the younger generation to push him aside... Anand out-prepared Kramnik completely. In this way it reminded me of my match with Kramnik in London 2000. Like I was then, Kramnik may have been very well prepared for this match, but we never saw it."[40] In 2010 Anand donated his gold medal to the charitable organisation "The Foundation" to be auctioned off for the benefit of underprivileged children.[41]

World Champion 2010

Main article: World Chess Championship 2010

Before the World Chess Championship 2010 match with Veselin Topalov, Anand, who had booked on the flight Frankfurt–Sofia on 16 April, was stranded due to the cancellation of all flights following the volcano ash cloud from Eyjafjallajökull. Anand asked for a three-day postponement, which the Bulgarian organisers refused on 19 April. Anand eventually reached Sofia on 20 April, after a 40-hour road journey.[42] Consequently, the first game was delayed by one day.[43]

The match consisted of 12 games. After 11 games the score was tied at 5½–5½. Anand won game 12 on the Black side of a Queen's Gambit Declined to win the match and retain the World Championship. In game 12, after Topalov's dubious 31st and 32nd moves, Anand obtained a strong attack against Topalov's relatively exposed king. Topalov subsequently resigned.

World Champion 2012

Main article: World Chess Championship 2012

As a result of Anand's victory in the World Chess Championship 2010, he defended his title in the World Chess Championship 2012; the location of the event was the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.[44] His opponent was Boris Gelfand, the winner of the 2011 Candidates Matches. After losing in the 7th game to Gelfand, Anand came back to win the 8th game in only 17 moves – the shortest game in World Chess Championship history. The match was tied 6–6 after regular games with one win each. Anand won the rapid tie break 2½–1½ to win the match and retain his title. After the match, Russian president Vladimir Putin greeted Anand and Gelfand by calling both to his official residence.[45]

World Championship 2013

Main article: World Chess Championship 2013

Anand lost the defence of his title in the World Chess Championship 2013 at Chennai. The winner was Magnus Carlsen, the winner of the 2013 Candidates Tournament. The first four games were drawn, but Carlsen won the fifth and sixth games back to back. The seventh and eighth games were drawn, while the ninth game was won by Carlsen. On 22 November, the tenth game was drawn making Carlsen the new world champion.[46]

World Championship 2014

Main article: World Chess Championship 2014

Anand won the double round-robin FIDE Candidates tournament at Khanty-Mansiysk March 13–30 and earned a world championship rematch with Magnus Carlsen. Anand went through the tournament undefeated, winning his first-round game against Levon Aronian, his third-round game against Shakhriyar Mamedyarov, and his ninth-round game against Veselin Topalov.[47] He drew all his other games, including his twelfth-round game against Dmitry Andreikin, where Anand agreed to a draw in a complex, but winning position.[48] He faced Carlsen in the world championship match in November, in Sochi, Russia.[49] Carlsen won the match 6.5 to 4.5 after eleven of twelve scheduled games.

FIDE World Rapid Chess Champion 2003

In October 2003, the governing body of chess, FIDE, organised a rapid time control tournament in Cap d'Agde[50][51] and billed it as the World Rapid Chess Championship. Each player had 25 minutes at the start of the game, with an additional ten seconds after each move. Anand won this event ahead of ten of the other top twelve players in the world, beating Kramnik in the final. His main recent titles in this category are at: Corsica (six years in a row from 1999 through 2005), Chess Classic (nine years in a row from 2000 through 2008), Leon 2005, Eurotel 2002, Fujitsu Giants 2002 and the Melody Amber (five times, and he won the rapid portion of Melody Amber seven times). In the Melody Amber 2007, Anand did not lose a single game in the rapid section, and scored 8½/11, two more than the runners-up, for a performance rating in the rapid section of 2939.[52] In most tournament time control games that Anand plays, he has more time left than his opponent at the end of the game. He lost on time in one game, to Gata Kamsky. Otherwise, he took advantage of the rule allowing players in time trouble to use dashes instead of the move notation during the last four minutes only once, in the game Anand versus Svidler at the MTel Masters 2006.[53]

Post-2010 Chess Career

2010

  • 2010 Sofia World Chess Championship: From April 24 to May 11, 2010, Anand participated in a World Championship match against Veselin Topalov. Topalov gained direct entry into a challengers match against Gata Kamsky, as compensation from FIDE for not gaining entry into the 2007 World Chess Championship cycle. Because Topalov defeated Kamsky, he earned the right to challenge Anand for the World Chess Championship title. The match was level after 11 games - with 2 wins a piece in Rounds 1, 2, 4, and 8. Finally, in Game 12, Anand was able to defeat Topalov with the Black pieces and hold on to his title.[54]

2011

  • 73th Tata Steel Chess Tournament: From January 14 to 30, 2011, Anand participated in the 73th Tata Steel Chess Tournament, held in Wijk Aan Zee The Netherlands. Anand finished overall 2rd place in the tournament, scoring 8.5 points out of 13 (+4-0=9), just behind the winner Hikaru Nakamura. Anand scored victories over Ruslan Ponomariov, Wang Hao, Jan Smeets, and Alexei Shirov.[55]
  • 20th Amber Tournament 2011: From March 11 to 25, 2011, Anand participated in the 20th and final Amber Chess tournament, held in the city of Monte Carlo in Monaco. The tournament was broken into a Blindfold tournament and a Rapid Tournament. Anand scored 7 points out of a possible 11 in the Blindfold tournament (4 wins and 0 losses). In the Rapid tournament, Anand 6 points out of 11 (+4-3=4).[56]
  • Anand-Kasimdzhanov Match: On March 27, 2011, Anand played a friendly 4-game rapid match with one of his seconds, Rustam Kasimdzhanov. The match took place in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Anand won the match 3.5-0.5 (the first game being a draw and the rest in Anand's favor).[57]
  • Anand-Shirov Match: From June 2 to June 6, 2011, Anand played in the 24th León Masters Tournament (XXIV Magistral de Ajedrez Ciudad de Leon Match). It was a rapid match between Viswanathan Anand and Alexei Shirov, consisting of two games a day between 3 and 5 June with a time control of 60 minutes + 30 seconds per move. Anand defeated Shirov 4.5-1.5 to win the match (+3-0=3).[58]
  • Tal Memorial 2011: The 6th Tal Memorial tournament took place from June 16 to 25 June 2011. The tournament was a 10-player, 9-round single round robin played in Moscow Russia. Anand scored 50%, with a perfect 9 draws out of 9. Magnus Carlsen eventually was declared the winner of the tournament on a tiebreak, having finished equal in points Levon Aronian.[59]
  • 2011 Bilbao Masters - Grand Slam: From September 25 to October 11, 2011, Anand participated in the 4th Bilbao Masters tournament. The tournament was a 6-player double-round-robin, played using the Soccer-like scoring system (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). The other five participants included Magnus Carlsen, Vassily Ivanchuk, Hikaru Nakamura, Levon Aronian, and Francisco Vallejo Pons. Anand finished tied 3rd to 5th (same number of points as Nakamura and Aronian), winning 2 games and losing 2 games and earning him 12 points out of a maximum 30.[60]
  • Corsican Masters Knockout: From October 22 to 31, 2011, Anand won the Corsican Masters Knockout Tournament, held in Ajaccio, Corsica. The tournament started out with an open tournament, where the top 14 players after 9 rounds joined Shakriyar Mamedyarov and Viswanathan Anand in a 16-player knockout tournament. Anand and Mamedyarov both made it to the final round and Anand defeated Mamedyarov 2-0.[61]

2012

In 2012, Viswanathan Anand participated in several high level tournaments, including the London Chess Classic and the Bilbao Masters Grand Slam. Earlier in 2012, he also played a World Championship match against Boris Gelfand in Moscow, Russia.

  • 2012 Moscow World Chess Championship: From May 10 to 30 2012, Anand participated in a World Championship match against Boris Gelfand. Earlier in 2011, Boris Gelfand had won the 2012 World Chess Championship Candidates Tournament in Kazan, Russia. The championship was a scheduled 12-game match, played in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow Russia. The 12-game match was level after 12 games - with 1 win a piece in Rounds 7 and 8. Anand had won one of the shortest decisive chess games in World Chess Championship, in 17 moves. Anand was able to retain his title after defeating Gelfand in the following 4-game rapid match.[62][63]
  • 2012 Bilbao Masters - Grand Slam: From September 24 to October 13, 2012, Anand participated in the 5th Bilbao Masters tournament. The tournament was a 6-player double-round-robin, played using the Soccer-like scoring system (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). The other five participants included Magnus Carlsen, Fabiano Caruana, Francisco Vallejo Pons, Levon Aronian, and Sergey Karjakin. Anand finished in the bottom half of the tournament, finishing 5th place out of 6 with a -1 score (losing 1 game to Magnus Carlsen in Round 9).[64]
  • 4th London Chess Classic: From December 1 to 10, Anand participated in the 2012 London Chess Classic. The tournament was a 9-player round-robin tournament, with points earned using the Soccer-like scoring system. Because of the odd number of players in the tournament, 1 players was required to sit out every single round. Therefore, each player played exactly 8 games with 24 maximum points. Anand finished on 50%, by winning 1 game (to Gawain Jones) and losing 1 game (to Michael Adams). The eventual winner of the tournament was Magnus Carlsen, who earned 18 points out of 24 (scoring his 5 wins against the 3 British grandmasters - Michael Adams, Gawain Jones, and Luke McShane - and against Levon Aronian and Judit Polgar).[65]

2013

Anand participated in several high-level tournaments in 2013, including the Tata Steel Chess Tournament, Grenke Chess Classic, Zurich Chess Challenge, Alekhine Memorial, Tal Memorial, the 1st Norway Chess Tournament, and the London Chess Classic. He also participated in the 2013 World Chess Championship match against Magnus Carlsen.

  • 75th Tata Steel Chess Tournament: From January 12 to 27, 2013, Anand participated in the 75th Tata Steel Chess Tournament, held in Wijk Aan Zee The Netherlands. Anand finished overall 3rd place in the tournament, scoring 8 points out of 13 (+4-1=8), just behind the winner and runner-up Magnus Carlsen and Levon Aronian.[66]
  • GRENKE Chess Classic Baden-Baden 2013: From February 7 to 17, 2013, Anand participated in the 2013 GRENKE Chess Classic, a tournament held in the German city of Baden-Baden. The other participants included Fabiano Caruana, Michael Adams, Arkadij Naiditsch, Daniel Fridman and Georg Meier. Anand took clear 1st place after scoring 6.5 points out of 10, defeating Naiditsch twice in their two encounters in the tournament and Daniel Fridman once.[67]
  • 2nd Zurich Chess Challenge: From February 23 to March 1, 2013, Anand participated in the Zurich Chess Challenge 2013, along with Fabiano Caruana, Vladimir Kramnik, and Boris Gelfand. The tournament was a 4-player double-round robin, played in Zurich, Switzerland. Caruana won the tournament by scoring 4 points out of 6 (scoring victories over Anand and Gelfand) while Anand finished 2nd with 50% (moving to an equal score after defeating Kramnik in the final round).[68]
  • Alekhine Memorial 2013: Anand participated in the 2013 Alekhine Memorial tournament, held from April 20 to May 1. The tournament was a 10-player, 9-round single round robin played in two venues - Tuileries Garden in Paris, and the Russian Museum in Saint Petersburg Russia. Anand finished third, with +2−1=6.[69]
  • Norway Chess 2013: The 1st Norway Chess Super Tournament took place May 8 to 18, 2013. The tournament was a 10-player, 9-round single round robin played in the Stavanger Area, Norway. Participants included Sergey Karjakin, Magnus Carlsen, Viswanathan Anand, Hikaru Nakamura, Peter Svidler, Teimour Radjabov, Jon Ludvig Hammer, Wang Hao, Levon Aronian, and Veselin Topalov. Anand scored +1 in the tournament (5 points out of 9 (+3-2=4)), scoring wins over tail-enders Hammer, Topalov, and Radjabov but losing to Wang Hao and Nakamura. Overall, he placed 6th out of 10.[70]
  • Tal Memorial 2013: The 8th Tal Memorial tournament took place from June 12 to 24 June 2013. The tournament was a 10-player, 9-round single round robin played in Moscow Russia. Viswanathan Anand scored 2nd place in the Blitz tournament that decided the color order for the main classical tournament (behind winner Hikaru Nakamura). In the classical tournament, Anand scored 9th place out of 10, scoring 1 win against Alexander Morozevich but losing to Fabiano Caruana, Hikaru Nakamura, and Magnus Carlsen. Boris Gelfand took clear first place with 6/9, half a point clear of Magnus Carlsen.[71][72]
  • 2013 Chennai World Chess Championship: From November 9 to 22 2013, Anand participated in a World Championship match against Magnus Carlsen. Earlier in the year, Carlsen had won the 2013 London Candidates Tournament. The championship was a scheduled 12-game match, played in Anand's hometown of Chennai, India, in the Hyatt Regency Chennai 5-star hotel. Anand lost the match 6.5 - 3.5, unable to win a single game and losing 3 games. The match only lasted 10 games before Carlsen was declared the winner.[73]
  • 5th London Chess Classic: From December 7 to 15, Anand participated in the 2013 London Chess Classic. The tournament was a Super 16 Rapid Tournament, where 16 players were broken up into 4 mini groups and the top-scoring participants from each group played in a knockout rapid tournament. Anand was knocked out by Vladimir Kramnik in the quarterfinals. The eventual winner of the tournament was Hikaru Nakamura, who defeated Boris Gelfand in the finals.[74]

2014

Viswanathan Anand won the World Chess Championship Candidates Tournament, which earned him a rematch against Magnus Carlsen for the World Championship. He also participated in the Dubai World Rapid and Blitz Championships, Zurich Chess Challenge, Bilbao Masters, and London Chess Classic.

  • 3rd Zurich Chess Challenge: From January 29 to February 4, 2014, Anand participated in the Zurich Chess Challenge 2014. A Blitz Tournament on the opening day was played to determine the colors distribution for the Classical Tournament.[75] The classical tournament consisted of 5 games played with classical time control. The last day of the tournament consisted of 5 rapid games. The classical games were worth 2 points for a victory, 1 point for a draw, and 0 points for a loss, while the Rapid and Blitz games were worth 1 point for a win, 0.5 points for a draw, and 0 points for a loss, thus placing greater importance on each classical results. Anand scored 2.5 points out of 5 in the Blitz tournament. In the Classical phase of the tournament, Anand scored 2 points out of 5, losing his first two games to Levon Aronian and Hikaru Nakamura respectively, drawing against Fabiano Caruana and Magnus Carlsen in Rounds 3 and 5 respectively, and defeating Boris Gelfand in Round 4. In the final Rapid tournament, Anand finished last, scoring 1 point out of 5 (+0-3=2). In the entirety of the tournament, Anand in 5th place out of 6.
  • 2014 World Chess Championship Candidates Tournament: As part of the qualification cycle for the World Chess Championship 2014, Viswanathan Anand participated in the Candidates Tournament, held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia from March 13–31, 2014 in the Ugra Chess Academy. The participants of the tournament included Veselin Topalov and Shakriyar Mamedyarov, both of whom qualified through winning the top two spots in the FIDE Grand Prix 2012–13. Viswanathan Anand won the Candidates Tournament by remaining undefeated and scoring victories over Levon Aronian (in round 1), Shakriyar Mamedyarov (in Round 3), and Veselin Topalov (in Round 9). This guaranteed his spot as challenger to Magnus Carlsen in the Sochi World Chess Championship match.
  • 2014 Dubai World Rapid and Blitz Chess Championship: From June 16 to 20, Anand participated in the World Rapid and Blitz Chess Championships. The Rapid Championship was 15 rounds, while the Blitz Championship was 21 rounds. Anand scored an undefeated 10.5 points out of 15 in the Rapid, earning him 3rd spot (behind winner Magnus Carlsen and runner-up Fabiano Caruana) and the Bronze medal. In the Blitz, Anand scored 13.5 points out of 21, which was good for tied 5th to 8th but placed 7th overall.[76]
  • 2014 Bilbao Masters - Grand Slam: From September 14 to 20, 2014, Anand participated in the 7th Bilbao Masters tournament. The tournament was a 4-player double-round-robin, played using the Soccer-like scoring system (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). The other three participants included Levon Aronian, Ruslan Ponomariov, and Francisco Vallejo Pons. Anand won the tournament by scoring 3 wins (2 against Vallejo Pons and 1 against Ponomariov) and 1 final loss (to Levon Aronian), giving him 11 points out of 18.[77]
  • 2014 Sochi World Chess Championship: From November 7 to 28 2014, Anand participated in a rematch against Magnus Carlsen after having won the Khanty-Mansiysk Candidates Tournament. The match was a 12-game match, played in Sochi, Russia. Anand lost the match 6.5 - 4.5, having equalized the score in Round 3 after losing Round 2 but losing two more subsequent games in Rounds 6 and 11.[78]
  • 6th London Chess Classic: From December 6 to 14, Anand participated in the 2014 London Chess Classic. The other 5 tournament participants included Vladimir Kramnik, Anish Giri, Fabiano Caruana, Hikaru Nakamura, and Michael Adams. Vishy finished the tournament with 7 points (+1-0=4), equal with Kramnik and Giri. However, Anand was declared the winner because the tiebreak rules stated that the player with the greater number of black wins has a better tiebreak. With Anand's last round win over Michael Adams, he secured tournament victory and his 3rd tournament win in 2014.[79]

2015

In 2015, Viswanathan Anand was a participant in the inaugural 2015 Grand Chess Tour, a series of 3 supertournaments featuring the world's elite players. The three tournaments that Anand participated in were Norway Chess, Sinquefield Cup, and London Chess Classic. Among these tournaments, Anand also participated in the Berlin World Rapid and Blitz Championships, GRENKE Chess, Zurich Chess Challenge, Bilbao Chess Masters Final, and Shamkir Chess.

  • GRENKE Chess Classic (Baden-Baden): Viswanathan Anand began the 2015 year by participating in the GRENKE Chess Classic. The tournament, held from February 2–9, 2015 in Baden-Baden Germany, was an 8-player round robin consisting of 7-rounds. Anand scored 2.5 points out of 7 (+1-3=7), placing 7th out of 8.
  • 4th Zurich Chess Challenge: From February 13–19, Anand participated in the Zurich Chess Challenge 2015. A Blitz Tournament on the opening day was played to determine the colors distribution for the Classical Tournament. The classical tournament consisted of 5 games played with classical time control. The last day of the tournament consisted of 5 rapid games. The classical games were worth 2 points for a victory, 1 point for a draw, and 0 points for a loss, while the Rapid and Blitz games were worth 1 point for a win, 0.5 points for a draw, and 0 points for a loss, thus placing greater importance on each classical results. The rules also stated that players who drew before their 40th move would have to play a rapid game (that would not count in the tournament standings). Anand scored 3.5 points out of 5 possible points in the opening Blitz tournament (+3-1=1). He won the Classical tournament, scoring 2 victories and 3 draws. He defeated Levon Aronian in Round 2 and Hikaru Nakamura in Round 4. In the final Rapid Tournament, Anand scored 2 points out of 5 (+1-2=2). However, because Anand and Nakamura were tied for the overall Zurich Chess Challenge in number of total points, they played a blitz Armageddon game, which Nakamura won, defeating Anand with the black pieces. Therefore Anand came in second in the overall Zurich Chess Challenge.
  • Shamkir Chess (Gashimov Memorial 2015): From April 16–25, 2015, Anand participated in the 2nd Gashimov Memorial, in honor of the late Vugar Gashimov. It was a 9-round, 10-player single-round robin classical tournament, held in the town of Şəmkir (Shamkir District), Azerbaijan. Anand scored an overall +3 score, defeating Wesley So, Michael Adams, and Shakriyar Mamedyarov. He finished the tournament undefeated and in second place, behind winner Magnus Carlsen (whom he was better against in their individual encounter in Game 1).
  • Norway Chess 2015: Anand competed in Norway Chess 2015, the first leg of the Grand Chess Tour. This specific tournament was held in Stavanger, Norway, from June 15–26, 2015. The Blitz portion of the tournament was used to determine the colors and pairings of the main classical stage. In the Blitz tournament, Anand scored 5.5 points out of 9 (+4-2=3). In the Classical part of the tournament, the final standings through which the Grand Chess Tour points are awarded, Anand finished 2nd and undefeated (+3-0=6) and earned himself 10 Grand Chess Tour points, behind the winner of the tournament Veselin Topalov. He also reached an almost career-high rating of 2816 after the tournament and earned victories against Magnus Carlsen, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, and Jon Ludvig Hammer, the latter of whom was the Wild-card of the tournament.
  • Sinquefield Cup 2015: Anand competed in the 3rd Sinquefield Cup, the second leg of the Grand Chess Tour. This specific tournament was held in the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis in St. Louis, Missouri, from August 22 to September 3, 2015. Similar to Norway Chess, the tournament featured the 9 overall Grand Chess Tour participants and 1 wild-card in a 9 round single-round robin tournament. The wild card in this tournament was Wesley So, who had just recently switched federations from the Philippines to the United States. Anand started off the tournament with 2 losses, against Hikaru Nakamura and Alexander Grischuk and ended the tournament with 7 draws. This gave him an overall score of -2 (+0-2=7), or 3.5 points out of 9, earning him 2 Grand Chess Tour points.
  • World Rapid and Blitz Championships: From October 10–14, 2015, Anand participated in the World Rapid and Blitz Championships in Berlin, Germany. In the Rapid Championship, Anand scored 9.5 points out of 15 (+8-4=3). In the Blitz Championship, Anand scored 13 points out of 21 (+7-2=12).
  • 2015 Bilbao Masters - Grand Slam: From October 26 to November 1, 2015, Anand participated in the 8th Grand Slam Masters Final in Bilbao, Spain. The format of the tournament was a 4-player double round robin featuring 6 round of classical chess, using the Soccer-like scoring system (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). Out of the 12 games played in the tournament, only 2 games were decisive. Anand finished the tournament on the bottom half (+0-1=5), losing a single game to Anish Giri.
  • 7th London Chess Classic: Anand competed in the London Chess Classic, the third and final leg of the Grand Chess Tour. This specific tournament was held in the Olympia Conference Centre in London, England from December 4–13, 2015. Similar to Norway Chess and the Sinquefield Cup tournaments, the London Chess Classic featured the 9 overall Grand Chess Tour participants and 1 wild-card in a 9 round single-round robin tournament. The wild card in this tournament was Michael Adams. Anand scored 3.5 points out of 9 in the Classic, earning 1 victory against Veselin Topalov but losing to Hikaru Nakamura, Alexander Grischuk, and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave. He finished the tournament in 9th place and earned 2 Grand Chess Tour points.[80]

Overall, because of his performances in the Sinquefield Cup and the London Chess Classic, Anand finished 8th out of the main 9 Grand Chess Tour main participants - 14 Grand Chess tour points out of 39 maximum.[81]

2016

  • Gibraltar Chess Open: In 2016, Anand played Gibraltar open, his first open in 23 years. Anand finished with 5 wins, 2 losses and 3 draws. The losses were against Réunion-born Adrian Demuth and Hungarian talent Benjamin Gledura. Anand's classical rating dropped 21.9 points.
  • 5th Zurich Chess Challenge: From February 12 to 15 2016, Anand played in the Zurich Chess Challenge 2016, which was broken up into a Rapid section and a blitz section. This rapid section of the tournament was a played with a modified time control of 40 minutes for the game with 10 additional seconds per move. The other 5 players of the tournament included Hikaru Nakamura, Levon Aronian, Vladmir Kramnik, Anish Giri, and Alexei Shirov. Anand scored victories over Aronian and Giri in the first two games of the Rapid tournament. He eventually tied for first with Nakamura with 10.5 points, after Nakamura won the final blitz game against Aronian; however Nakamura won the tournament on Sonneborn-Berger tiebreaker.[82]
  • 2016 World Chess Championship Candidates Tournament: As part of the qualification cycle for the World Chess Championship 2016, Viswanathan Anand will be participating in the Candidates Tournament, held in Moscow, Russia from March 10–30, 2016 in the Central Telegraph (Центральный телеграф) Building. The current lineup of the tournament includes Fabiano Caruana and Hikaru Nakamura, both of whom qualified through winning the top two spots in the FIDE Grand Prix 2014–15. Sergey Karjakin and Peter Svidler qualified by becoming winner and runner-up (respectively) of the Chess World Cup 2015 Knockout tournament. Veselin Topalov and Anish Giri qualified by rating. Anand qualified by virtue of losing the 2014 World Chess Championship match against Magnus Carlsen. Finally Levon Aronian qualified as the organizers Wild Card.

Rating

In the April 2007 FIDE Elo rating list, Anand was ranked first in the world for the first time,[83] and (as of July 2008) he held the number one spot in all ratings lists but one since then until July 2008, the exception being the January 2008 list, where he was rated No. 2 behind Vladimir Kramnik (equal rating, but Kramnik held the No. 1 spot due to more games played).[84] He dropped to No. 5 in the October 2008 list, the first time he had been outside the top 3 since July 1996.[85]

In 2010, Anand announced that he would expand his tournament schedule, beginning in late 2010, in an effort to regain the world number one ranking from Magnus Carlsen.[86][87] He achieved that goal on 1 November 2010 list with a rating of 2804, two points ahead of Magnus Carlsen,[88] but was once again overtaken by Carlsen in July 2011.

Assessment

Lubomir Kavalek describes Anand as the most versatile world champion ever, pointing out that Anand is the only player to have won the world chess championship in tournament, match, and knockout format, as well as rapid time controls.[89]

In an interview in 2011, Kramnik said about Anand: "I always considered him to be a colossal talent, one of the greatest in the whole history of chess"; and "I think that in terms of play Anand is in no way weaker than Kasparov but he's simply a little lazy, relaxed and only focuses on matches. In the last 5–6 years he's made a qualitative leap that's made it possible to consider him one of the great chess players."[90]

FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov commented that Anand's victory in the 2014 Candidates Tournament "...proved that he is one of the strongest and greatest players of modern times."[91]

In an interview in 2014 Alexander Grischuk said about Anand: "I have to say that of all the players I’ve played against Anand has personally struck me as the strongest, of course after Kasparov."[92]

Head-to-head record versus selected grandmasters

(Rapid, blitz and blindfold games not included; listed as +wins −losses =draws as of Sep 29, 2015.)[93]
Players who have been undisputed World Champions in boldface

Notable tournament successes

Rapid/exhibition tournaments

  • 1989 2nd Asian Active Chess Championship, Hong Kong 1st
  • 1994 Melody Amber Tournament, Monaco 1st
  • 1994 PCA Grand Prix (Rapid), Moscow 1st
  • 1996 Credit Swiss Rapid Chess Grand Prix, Geneva 1st
  • 1996 Torneo Magistral de Ajedrez, Leon
  • 1997 Melody Amber Tournament, Monaco 1st
  • 1997 Chess Classic Rapid Tournament, Frankfurt
  • 1998 Torneo Magitral Communidad De Madrid, Madrid 1st
  • 1998 Siemens Nixdorf Duell (Rapid), Frankfurt 1st
  • 1999 Wydra Memorial Chess (Rapid), Haifa 1st
  • 1999 Torneo Magistral de Ajedrez, Leon beat Karpov 5–1
  • 2000 Wydra International Tournament (Rapid), Haifa 1st
  • 2000 Torneo Magistral de Ajedrez, Leon beat Shirov 1½–½
  • 2000 Fujitsu Siemens Giants Chess (Rapid), Frankfurt 1st
  • 2000 Corsica Masters (Rapid), Corsica 1st
  • 2002 Eurotel (Combined Rapid plus Classical), Prague 1st
  • 2011 Botvinnik Memorial, Moscow, 1st[102]
  • 2011 Corsica Masters Knockout (Rapid), Corsica 1st[103]
  • 2014 World Rapid Chess Championship (Rapid), Dubai 3rd

Classical tournaments

  • 1986 Arab-Asian International Chess Championship, Doha 1st
  • 1987 Sakthi Finance Grandmasters Chess Tournament, Coimbatore 1st
  • 1989 51st Hoogovens Chess Tournament, Wijk aan Zee 1st
  • 1990 Asian Zonal Tournament, Qatar
  • 1990 Manchester Chess Festival, Manchester 1st
  • 1990 Triveni Super Grandmasters Tournament, Delhi Joint 1st
  • 1992 Reggio Emilia Chess Tournament, Reggio Emilia 1st
  • 1992 Goodrich Open International Tournament, Calcutta 1st
  • 1992 Alekhine Memorial, Moscow 1st
  • 1993 PCA Interzonal, Groningen 1st
  • 1996 Dortmunder Schachtage, Dortmund (joint 1st with Kramnik)
  • 1997 Torneo de Ajedrex, Dos Hermanas 1st
  • 1997 Invesbanka Chess tournament, Belgrade 1st
  • 1997 Credit Suisse Classic Tournament, Biel 1st

Matches

  • 1991 World Chess Championship Candidates, Madras, Brussels Quarter-finalist
  • 1992 Linares match Anand vs Vassily Ivanchuk 5–3
  • 1994-5 PCA World Championship Candidates Cycle, Linares, Las Palmas won
  • 1997 Aegon Man vs Computers chess event (clock simultan vs 6 programs) won 4–2

Awards

Anand has received many national and international awards.

Indian national honours

Other honours

  • National Citizens Award and Soviet Land Nehru Award in 1987
  • British Chess Federation "Book of the Year" Award in 1998 for his book My Best Games of Chess.[105]
  • Anand has won the Chess Oscar in 1997, 1998, 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2008. The Chess Oscar is awarded to the year's best player according to a worldwide poll of leading chess critics, writers, and journalists conducted by the Russian chess magazine 64.[106]
  • Sportstar Millennium Award in 1998, from India's premier Sports magazine for being the sportperson of the millennium.
  • "Global Strategist Award" for Mastering many formats of World Chess Championships by NASSCOM in 2011.[107]
  • Tamil Nadu chief minister J. Jayalalithaa honoured Anand with a cheque of Rs 2 crores, for winning the World Chess Championship for the fifth time.[108]
  • In 2012, he received the "Indian sportsperson of the year" and "Indian of the year" awards.[109]
  • In 2014 Anand was awarded the Russian Order of Friendship for the development of economic, scientific and cultural ties with Russia. The Order of Friendship was awarded to Viswanathan Anand and Boris Gelfand, the participants in the FIDE World Chess Championship Match that was held at the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow in 2012.[110]
  • In 2015 Anand was honoured with the top country award at the Spanish embassy, Delhi on January 8.It is given to the eminent people of Indian origin who helped to bring glory to both India and Spain.[111][112]
  • 4538 Vishyanand (provisional designation 1988 TP) is a main-belt minor planet. It was discovered by Kenzo Suzuki in Toyota, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, on October 10, 1988.[113][114][115]

Sample game

Anand–Bologan, 2000 World Ch.
abcdefgh
8
c8 black bishop
e8 black rook
f8 black bishop
h8 black king
c7 black rook
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black knight
d6 black pawn
d5 white pawn
g5 white pawn
h5 white knight
d4 white knight
e4 white pawn
f4 white queen
c3 black pawn
g3 white rook
h3 white pawn
b2 black queen
f2 white pawn
g2 white king
b1 white bishop
d1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Position after 36...c3. Anand, in an apparently worse position, finds an intuitive sacrifice that leads to a winning attack.
This section uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

On his way to winning the FIDE World Chess Championship in 2000, Anand, playing White, defeated Grandmaster Viktor Bologan (analysis by GM Ľubomír Ftáčnik):

Anand–Bologan, New Delhi, 2000 World Championship;[116] Ruy Lopez, Breyer (ECO C95)
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. 0-0 Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 0-0 9. h3 Nb8 10. d4 Nbd7 11. Nbd2 Bb7 12. Bc2 Re8 13. Nf1 Bf8 14. Ng3 c5 15. d5 c4 16. Bg5 Qc7 17. Nf5 Kh8 18. g4 Ng8 19. Qd2 Nc5 20. Be3 Bc8 21. Ng3 Rb8 22. Kg2 a5 23. a3 Ne7 24. Rh1 Ng6 25. g5! b4!?

Anand has a strong kingside attack, so Bologan seeks counterplay with the sacrifice of a pawn.

26. axb4 axb4 27. cxb4 Na6 28. Ra4 Nf4+ 29. Bxf4 exf4 30. Nh5 Qb6 31. Qxf4 Nxb4 32. Bb1 Rb7 33. Ra3 Rc7 34. Rd1 Na6 35. Nd4 Qxb2 36. Rg3 c3 (see diagram) 37. Nf6!! Re5

If 37...gxf6, 38.gxf6 h6 39.Rg1! Qd2! 40.Qh4 leaves White with an irresistible initiative.

38. g6! fxg6 39. Nd7 Be7 40. Nxe5 dxe5 41. Qf7 h6 42. Qe8+ 1–0

White forces mate in 12 moves if the game were to continue, with 42...Bf8 43.Rf3 Qa3 44.Rxf8+ Qxf8 45.Qxf8+ Kh7 46.d6 exd4 47.Ba2 h5 48.dxc7 Nb4 49.Qg8+ Kh6 50.f4 g5 51.f5 g4 52.h4 Bxf5 53.exf5 Nxa2 54.Qh8#

See also

References

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  101. ^ http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ezsearch.pl?search=anand+vs+giri
  102. ^ Anand & Cmilyte winners Botvinnik Memorial rapid. ChessVibes. Retrieved on 31 May 2012.
  103. ^ Anand wins Corsica Masters Knockout. ChessVibes. Retrieved on 31 May 2012.
  104. ^ a b c "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  105. ^ Chess Articles. Chess.com. Retrieved on 31 May 2012.
  106. ^ "Carlsen beats Anand to 2010 Chess Oscar". WhyChess.org. 29 July 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  107. ^ "Vishwanathan Anand among winners of Global Leadership Awards, IBN Live News". Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  108. ^ "Jayalalithaa hands over Rs. 2 crore to Anand". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 6 June 2012.
  109. ^ "Chess News – Anand in the news: comeback in 2013?". ChessBase.com. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  110. ^ "Russian Federation Friendship Order Awards to GMs Anand and Gelfand". Fide.com. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  111. ^ https://twitter.com/prateekchat/status/553135584172986368
  112. ^ https://twitter.com/vishy64theking/status/552709984979394561
  113. ^ https://wikipedia.com/en/(4538)_Vishyanand
  114. ^ "4538 Vishyanand: Top 5 things you must know about the minor planet named after Viswanathan Anand". India Today. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  115. ^ "Planet Vishyanand named after Indian Grandmaster Vishwanathan Anand". news.biharprabha.com. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  116. ^ Chessgames.com. Retrieved 15 April 2007.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viswanathan Anand.
Awards
Preceded by FIDE World Chess Champion
2000–2002 		Succeeded by
Preceded by World Chess Champion
2007–13 		Succeeded by
Preceded by World Rapid Chess Champion
2003–2009 		Succeeded by
Preceded by World Blitz Chess Champion
2000–2006 		Succeeded by
Achievements
Preceded by
Veselin Topalov
Vladimir Kramnik
Magnus Carlsen
Magnus Carlsen
 World No. 1
1 April – 31 December 2007
1 April – 30 September 2008
1 November – 31 December 2010
1 March – 30 June 2011 		Succeeded by
Vladimir Kramnik
Veselin Topalov
Magnus Carlsen
Magnus Carlsen

# Posthumous conferral


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