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War on terror
Clockwise from top left: Aftermath of the 11 September attacks; U.S. servicemen boarding an aircraft at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan; an American soldier and Afghan interpreter in Zabul Province, Afghanistan; explosion of a car bomb in Baghdad

Photographs, clockwise from top left: Aftermath of the September 11 attacks; U.S. servicemen boarding an aircraft at Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan; a U.S. soldier and Afghan interpreter in Zabul Province, Afghanistan; explosion of an Iraqi car bomb in Baghdad.
Map: Countries with major military operations of the war on terror.
DateMain phase: 14 September 2001[12] – 30 August 2021[note 2]
(19 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 2 days)[note 3]
Location
Global
Result

Major wars ended and heavy fighting mostly ceased

  • Low-level fighting continues in some places
  • Many terrorist groups disbanded or are heavily weakened

Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen (since 1998):[note 4]

War in Afghanistan (2001–2021):

Iraqi conflict (since 2003):

American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war (2014–present)

Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present):

Other:

Belligerents
Main countries:
Other NATO members:
Other Arab League members:
Other participant countries:
International missions:
(note: most contributing nations are included in the international operations)		 Main opponents:
Other groups:
Former groups:
Commanders and leaders
Joe Biden
(President 2021–present)
Rishi Sunak
(Prime Minister 2022–present)
Emmanuel Macron
(President 2017–present)
Élisabeth Borne
(Prime Minister 2022–present)
Vladimir Putin
(President 2000–2008, 2012–present,
Prime Minister 2008–2012)
Mikhail Mishustin
(Prime Minister 2020–present)
Former leaders
Other leaders
Other former leaders
Al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden †
(Founder and first Emir of al-Qaeda)
Ayman al-Zawahiri †
(2nd Emir of al-Qaeda)
Saif al-Adel
(al-Qaeda Military Chief)
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi †
(Emir of al-Qaeda in Iraq)
Ilyas Kashmiri †
(Commander of Lashkar al-Zil)
Qasim al-Raymi †
(Emir of AQAP)
Abdelmalek Droukdel †
(Emir of AQIM)
Mokhtar Belmokhtar
(Emir of AQWA)
Asim Umar †
(Emir of AQIS)
Iraqi Ba'ath Party
Islamic State
Taliban
Tehrik-i-Taliban
Haqqani Network
East Turkestan Islamic Movement
Casualties and losses

4.5-4.6 million+ people killed[a]
(937,000+ direct deaths, 3.6-3.7 million indirect deaths)[b]

At least 38 million people displaced
(Per Costs of War)[c]

Notes

  1. ^ Since 2011
  2. ^ The War on Terror was also officially declared over in May 2010 and again in May 2013
  3. ^ Origins date back to the 1980s.
  4. ^ Origins date back to the early 1990s.
  5. ^ Serving as acting president simultaneously.
  6. ^ Served as acting prime minister simultaneously.
  7. ^ Served as acting prime minister simultaneously.
  8. ^ The position of prime minister was re-established in 2004.
  9. ^ The presidency was disputed between Gbagbo and Alassane Ouattara from 4 December 2010 to 11 April 2011, at which time Gbagbo was arrested by UN forces.
  10. ^ Her powers and duties suspended since 9 December 2016 by the National Assembly until final impeachment verdict on 10 March 2017.
  11. ^ Served as acting president simultaneously.
  12. ^ Served as acting president simultaneously.
  13. ^ The position of Prime Minister was re-established in 2002.
  14. ^ The Office of Prime Minister was reestablished in 2017.

References

  1. ^
    • "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
    • "Latest Figures | Costs of War". The Costs of War. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</ref>
    • "Summary". Costs of War. Archived from the original on 17 June 2023.
    • Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.
    • Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.
  2. ^
  3. ^
  1. ^ Mike Levine; James Gordon Meek; Pierre Thomas; Lee Ferran (23 September 2014). "What Is the Khorasan Group, Targeted By US in Syria?". ABC News. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  2. ^ "Wilayat al-Yemen: The Islamic State's New Front". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  3. ^ Penney, Joe (5 October 2011). "The 'War on Terror' rages in the Philippines". Al Jazeera. Qatar. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
    Abuza, Zachary (September 2005). "Balik-Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyag" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  4. ^ "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State". Reuters. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  5. ^ "Jemaah Islamiyah". Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
    "Profile: Jemaah Islamiah". United Kingdom: BBC News. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  6. ^ "ISIS Now Has Military Allies in 11 Countries". Daily Intelligencer, New York Magazine. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  7. ^ "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation". Reuters. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Islamic extremist groups to merge in Mali, pledge allegiance to al-Quaida". Archived from the original on 4 March 2017.
  9. ^ Thomas Joscelyn (19 November 2014). "UN recognizes ties between Ansar al Sharia in Libya, al Qaeda". Long War Journal. Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
  10. ^ Irshaid, Faisal (13 June 2014). "Profile: Libya's Ansar al-Sharia". BBC News.
  11. ^ Hashem, Mostafa (27 May 2017). "Libyan Islamist group Ansar al-Sharia says it is dissolving". Reuters.
  12. ^ "Video: Pres. Bush Declares War on Terror". ABC News archives. September 15, 2001.
  13. ^ "US Drone Kills Afghan-Based Pakistani Taliban Commander". Voice of America (VOA). 4 July 2018.
  14. ^ "Terrorism in Pakistan Declines by 89% in 8 Years". Pro Pakistani. 24 April 2018.
  15. ^ "Pakistan Taliban extend truce for more talks with government". 18 May 2022.
  16. ^ ANI (1 March 2017). "We are taking strong measures to protect our nation from 'radical Islamic terrorism': Trump". Business Standard. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  17. ^ Cameron, David (22 November 2015). "David Cameron: We will defeat terrorism, and the poisonous ideology that fuels it". Telegraph. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
  18. ^ "Key al-Qaeda figure Muhsin al-Fadhli killed in U.S. airstrike in Syria — Pentagon". BNO News. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  19. ^ "Has ISIS Lost Its Head? Power Struggle Erupts with Al-Baghdadi Seriously Wounded". The Daily Beast. 10 May 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  20. ^ "Report: A former physics teacher is now leading ISIS". Business Insider. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  21. ^ Matt Bradley and Ghassan Adnan in Baghdad, and Felicia Schwartz in Washington (10 November 2014). "Coalition Airstrikes Targeted Islamic State Leaders Near Mosul". The Wall Street Journal.
  22. ^ Alessandria Masi (11 November 2014). "If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?". International Business Times. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  23. ^ "Militant commander Hafiz Saeed killed in Khyber blast". ARY NEWS. 17 April 2015.
  24. ^ "Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video". khaama.com. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  25. ^ "IMU announces death of emir, names new leader". The Long War Journal. 4 August 2014.
  26. ^ "Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State". BBC News. 7 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
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