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iPad
File:IPad-01.jpg
An iPad featuring the iBooks application
DeveloperApple Inc.
ManufacturerFoxconn (on contract)[1][2]
TypeTablet media player/PC
Release dateWi-Fi model (US): April 3, 2010 (2010-04-03)[3][4]
Wi-Fi Model (UK): April 2010 (2010-04)
Wi-Fi + 3G model: April 2010 (2010-04)[5]
Operating systemiPhone OS
3.2 (build 7B298g)[6]
Released January 27, 2010 (2010-01-27)
CPU1 GHz Apple A4[7][8]
PowerVR SGX 535 GPU[9]
Memory256 MB DRAM built into Apple A4 die[10]
StorageFlash memory
16, 32, and 64 GB[7]
Display1024 × 768 px, 9.7 in (25 cm), 132 ppi, 4:3 aspect ratio, XGA, LED-backlit IPS LCD display[7]
InputMulti-touch touchscreen display, headset controls, proximity and ambient light sensors, 3-axis accelerometer, digital compass
CameraNone
ConnectivityWi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n), Bluetooth 2.1+EDR, USB 2.0/Dock connector
Wi-Fi + 3G model also includes: A-GPS, micro-SIM slot, Quad-band GSM 850 900 1800 1900 MHz GPRS/EDGE, Tri-band UMTS 850 1900 2100 MHz HSDPA
PowerInternal rechargeable non-removable 25 Wh lithium-polymer battery[7]
Online servicesiTunes Store, App Store, MobileMe, iBookstore
Dimensions9.56 in (24.3 cm) (h)
7.47 in (19.0 cm) (w)
0.5 in (1.3 cm) (d)
MassWi-Fi model: 1.5 lb (680 g)
Wi-Fi + 3G model: 1.6 lb (730 g)[7]
RelatediPhone, iPod touch (Comparison)
Websitewww.apple.com/ipad/

The iPad is a tablet computer developed by Apple Inc. Announced on January 27, 2010, it is considered to be in a category between the smartphone and the laptop computer.[11]

Similar in functionality to the smaller, less powerful iPhone or iPod touch, it runs a modified version of the same operating system (iPhone OS),[12][13] with a user interface redesigned to take advantage of the larger screen.[14] The iPad has a 9.7-inch (25 cm) LED backlit multi-touch display, 16 to 64 gigabytes (GB) of flash memory, Bluetooth, and a 30-pin dock connector to sync with iTunes and connect wired accessories.[5] Two models have been announced: one with 802.11n Wi-Fi and one with 802.11n Wi-Fi and 3G (which can connect to HSDPA cellular networks), and Assisted GPS. Both models may be purchased with three different storage capacities.[5]

As Apple's first device to use its iBookstore service and companion iBooks ebook reading application, the iPad has been compared with Amazon's Kindle and Barnes & Noble's Nook.[15][16][17]

History and availability

Apple's first tablet computer was the Newton MessagePad 100,[18][19] introduced in 1993, which led to the creation of the ARM6 processor core with Acorn Computers. Apple also developed a prototype PowerBook Duo-based tablet, the PenLite, but did not sell it to avoid hurting MessagePad sales.[20] Apple released several more Newton-based PDAs, and discontinued the last, the MessagePad 2100, in 1998.

Apple reentered the mobile-computing market in 2007 with the iPhone. Smaller than the iPad but featuring a camera and mobile phone, it pioneered the multitouch interface of iPhone OS. By late 2009, the iPad's release had been rumored for several months; iSlate and iTablet were among speculated names.[21] The iPad was announced on January 27, 2010 by Steve Jobs at an Apple press conference at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco.[5][22]

Three days later, at the 52nd Grammy Awards, Stephen Colbert used an iPad in announcing the nominees.[23]

Apple began taking pre-orders for the iPad from U.S. customers on March 12, 2010.[4][24] The Wi-Fi version of the iPad went on sale in the United States on April 3, 2010, at 9:00 am local time, with hundreds of customers lined up outside stores nationwide[4][25]. The Wi-Fi + 3G version will be released at the end of April. The iPad will also be available in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland and the UK beginning in late April.[4][26] 3G service in the United States will be provided by AT&T and sold with two prepaid contract-free data plan options: one for unlimited data and the other for 250 MB per month at half the price.[27][28] The plans will be activated on the iPad itself and can be canceled at any time.[29]

Hardware

Steve Jobs, Apple CEO, introducing the iPad
Back of the iPad Wi-Fi
File:IPad-02.jpg
The iPad's home screen

Screen and input

The touchscreen is a 25-cm (9.7-in) liquid crystal display (1024 x 768 px, 132 ppi, XGA) with oleophobic scratch-resistant glass. Like the iPhone, the iPad is designed to be controlled by bare fingers, not gloves and styluses that prevent electrical conductivity.

The display responds to two other sensors: an ambient light sensor to adjust the brightness of the screen and a 3-axis accelerometer that senses the orientation of the iPad and allows the user to switch between portrait and landscape mode. Unlike the iPhone and iPod touch, the iPad supports a screen rotation of any angle (in increments of 90°)[30], essentially meaning that the device functionally has no "up" or "down" no matter how the device is held—from the perspective of the user, only the position of the home button changes. Most, if not all, of the iPad's Apple and third-party applications support both portrait and landscape modes.

The iPad has a switch to lock out this screen rotation function (reportedly meant to prevent unintended rotation when the user is lying down).[31] There are a total of four physical switches, including a "home" button below the display that returns the user to the main menu, and three plastic physical switches on the sides: wake/sleep and volume up/down, along with the screen rotation lock.[7]

The iPad can use Wi-Fi network trilateration to locate itself in Google Maps. The 3G model contains A-GPS while both models have a digital compass.

The back of the Wi-Fi model iPad is made of contoured aluminum with black plastic buttons. The Wi-Fi + 3G model also has a black plastic accent on top of the device.

Audio and output

Three speakers are on the bottom-right of the unit, while the microphone is within the device. A volume switch is on the right side of the unit, and a 3.5 mm TRS connector for headphones is on the top-left corner of the device. The iPad supports normal headphones and ones with a microphone and/or volume controls. Microphones can be used for voice recording.

The built-in Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR chipset supports the HSP, A2DP, and HID profiles, which allows wireless headphones and keyboards to be used with the iPad. However, iPhone OS does not currently support the OBEX file transfer protocol.

Composite video up to 576i can be output from the dock connector using a VGA adaptor sold by Apple, but there is no HD output option.

Power and battery

The iPad uses an internal rechargeable lithium-ion polymer battery. The iPad is designed to be charged with a high current (2 amperes) using the included USB 10W power adapter. While it can be charged by a standard USB port from a computer, these typically have lower current (500 milliamperes or 1 ampere). As a result, if the iPad is turned on while being charged with a normal USB computer port, it will charge much more slowly, if at all.

Apple claims that the iPad's battery can provide up to 10 hours of video, 140 hours of audio playback, or up to one month on standby. The battery loses capacity over time and the battery is not designed to be user-replaceable. Like the battery replacement program for iPod and the original iPhone, Apple will replace an iPad that does not hold an electrical charge with a refurbished iPad for a fee of US$99.[32][33]

Storage and SIM

The iPad was released with three options for internal storage size: 16, 32, or 64 GB. All data is stored on the flash drive and there is no option to expand storage. Apple sells a camera connection kit with an SD card reader, but it can only be used to transfer photos and videos.

The Wi-Fi + 3G model includes a micro-SIM slot located on the side of the device. Unlike the iPhone, which is usually sold locked to specific carriers, the 3G iPad is sold unlocked and can be used with any compatible GSM carrier. However, the physical shape of the micro-SIM tray is too small to fit regular SIM cards, making it impossible for end users to use their existing carrier plans with the device.

Optional accessories

Apple offers several iPad accessories, including:[7]

  • iPad Keyboard Dock with hardware keyboard, 30-pin connector, and audio jack
  • iPad Case which can be used to stand the iPad in various positions
  • iPad Dock with 30-pin connector and audio jack
  • iPad Dock Connector to VGA Adapter for external monitor or projector
  • iPad Camera Connection Kit including a USB Type A connector adapter and an SD card reader, for transferring photos and videos
  • iPad 10W USB Power Adapter with 2A (10W)

Technical specifications

Model Wi-Fi Wi-Fi + 3G
Announce date January 27, 2010[5]
Release date April 3, 2010[4] Late April 2010[5]
Display 1024 × 768 px, 9.7 in (25 cm), 4:3 aspect ratio, XGA, scratch-resistant glossy glass covered IPS LCD multi-touch display, with LED-backlighting and fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating
Processor 1 GHz Apple A4 SoC[8]
Storage 16, 32, or 64 GB
Wireless Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n), Bluetooth 2.1+EDR
Cellular No HSDPA (micro-SIM)
Geolocation Skyhook Wireless Assisted GPS
Sensors Accelerometer, ambient light sensor, digital compass
Operating system iPhone OS 3.2[6]
Battery Built-in Lithium-ion polymer battery; 25 W·h
(10 hours video, 140 hours audio, 1 month standby)
Weight 1.5 lb (680 g) 1.6 lb (730 g)
Dimensions 9.56 in (24.3 cm) × 7.47 in (19.0 cm) × 0.5 in (1.3 cm)
Physical controls Home, sleep, screen rotation lock, volume

[7]

Software

Like the iPhone, with which it shares a development environment (iPhone SDK, or software development kit, version 3.2 onwards),[6] the iPad only runs software downloaded from Apple's App Store.[34] The iPad runs almost all third-party iPhone applications, displaying them at iPhone size or enlarging them to fill the iPad's screen.[35] Developers may also create or modify apps to take advantage of the iPad's features.[36] At least 1,000 new iPad apps were available at launch.[37]

The iPad comes with these applications: Safari, Mail, Photos, Video, YouTube, iPod, iTunes Store, App Store, Maps, Notes, Calendar, Contacts, and Spotlight.[38] The iPad syncs with iTunes on a Mac or Windows PC.[5] Apple ported its iWork suite from the Mac to the iPad, and sells the Pages, Numbers, and Keynote apps in the App Store.[5] Although the iPad is not designed to replace a cellphone, a user can pair it with a Bluetooth headset and place phone calls over Wi-Fi or 3G using a VoIP application.[39]

Books and magazines

The iPad has an optional iBooks application that can be downloaded from the app store, which displays books and other ePub-format content downloaded from the iBookstore.[40] For the iPad launch on April 3, 2010, the iBookstore is available only in the United States.[5][4][38]. Several major book publishers including Penguin Books, HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster and Macmillan have committed to publishing books for the iPad.[41]

In February 2010, Condé Nast said it would sell iPad subscriptions for its GQ, Vanity Fair and Wired magazines by June.[42] In April 2010, The New York Times announced it will begin publishing daily on the iPad.[43]

Reception

Reaction to the announcement

Media reaction to the iPad announcement was mixed. Walt Mossberg wrote, "It's about the software, stupid", meaning hardware features and build are less important to the iPad's success than software and user interface, his first impressions of which were largely positive. Mossberg also called the price "modest" for a device of its capabilities, and praised the ten-hour battery life.[44] Others, including PC Advisor and The Sydney Morning Herald, wrote that the iPad would also compete with proliferating netbooks, most of which use Microsoft Windows.[45][46] The base model's $499 price was lower than pre-release estimates by the tech press, Wall Street analysts, and Apple's competitors, all of whom were expecting a much higher entry price point.[13][47][48]

Yair Reiner said the iPad will compete against e-book devices such as the Barnes & Noble nook and the Amazon Kindle while offering 70% of revenue to publishers, the same arrangement afforded developers on the Apple App Store.[49] Notably, a week before the iPad's expected release, the Amazon Kindle store increased publishers' revenue share to 70% as well.[50]

Several days after the unveiling, Stephen Fry said people must use the iPad to truly appreciate its purpose and quality and commented that common criticisms of the device fall away after use. Fry noted the iPad's speed and responsiveness, the intuitive interface and the richness and detail of the display.[51]

Expected features

CNET and Gizmodo have listed features that are missing from the iPad that they believe customers expect, including a camera for video chat, Adobe Flash support, a widescreen aspect ratio, the ability to multitask (run more than one application at once), and a more flexible wired-data port than the iPod dock connector.[34][52] The Seattle Post-Intelligencer and Gizmodo noted that the iPad will only officially support installing software from the App Store.[34][53] CNET also criticised the iPad for its apparent lack of wireless sync which other portable devices such as Microsoft's Zune have had for a number of years. At the moment there is no independent proof the iPad lacks this feature, and the built-in iTunes app should be able to download from the internet as well.[54]

While CNN and Wired News criticized the lack of a webcam, they defended other omissions, including Flash: "Who needs Flash, anyway? YouTube and Vimeo have both switched to H.264 for video streaming, and the rest of the world of Flash is painful to use." Of multitasking, they said that "it will not matter at all to the target user", as its absence is responsible for "a large part of that ten-hour battery life." Of the aspect ratio: "16:9 ratio in [portrait mode] would look oddly tall and skinny ... [4:3 is] a compromise, and a good one." Of a USB port: "The iPad is meant to be an easy-to-use appliance, not an all-purpose computer. A USB port would mean installing drivers for printers, scanners and anything else you might hook up."[55][56]

Tech reporter Leo Laporte offered a mixed initial review, praising the iPad's speed but panning the lack of a camera, video output, USB or FireWire ports, and the inability to run multiple applications at the same time, specifically the inability to run a chat application along with other applications.[57] He also mentioned the device's "locked down", closed nature, noting that some at the announcement protested Apple's "full control" of the software. He concluded that the iPad should be viewed as an "appliance" for media consumers, not really a computer in the traditional sense.

Product name

Costumers at New Orleans Mardi Gras satirize the "iPad" name

Like the iPhone, the iPad shares its name with existing products. The most publicized is the Fujitsu iPAD, a mobile multi-functional device sold to retailers to help clerks verify prices, check inventory, and close sales. The Japanese company Fujitsu introduced the iPAD in 2002, and the following year applied for the trademark, but the firm found the mark was already owned by Mag-Tek. Fujitsu's trademark application was listed as "abandoned" in April 2009, and the ownership of the mark is unclear. Fujitsu consulted attorneys over what, if any, action it may take.[58][59] On March 17, 2010 the Fujitsu IPAD U.S. trademark was transferred to Apple.[60]

In the first days after the iPad's announcement, some media and many online commenters criticized the name "iPad", noting its similarity to "pad", the common name for a sanitary napkin.[61][62][63][64] Shortly after the launch announcement, the hashtag "iTampon" became the number-two trending topic on the social networking site Twitter.[63][65]

Digital rights

Digital rights advocates, including the Free Software Foundation, Electronic Frontier Foundation, and computer engineer and activist Brewster Kahle, have criticized the iPad for its digital rights restrictions, which forbids users from installing software unless it has been approved by Apple. At issue are restrictions imposed by the iPad's design, namely DRM intended to lock purchased media to Apple's platform, the development model requiring a non-disclosure agreement and paid subscription to develop for the iPad, the centralized approval process for apps, as well as Apple's general control and lockdown of the platform itself, and that such centralized control could stifle software innovation. Of particular concern is the ability for Apple (or any other authority that can persuade Apple) to remotely disable or delete apps, media, or data on the iPad at will.[66][67][68]

Reviews

In contrast to the initial mixed reaction to Apple's announcement of the iPad, the critical reception by reviewers who have been able to spend an extended period of time with the device has been generally positive. Walt Mossberg of The Wall Street Journal called it a "pretty close" laptop killer.[69] In his review of the device, David Pogue of The New York Times wrote a "dual" review, one part for technology-minded people, and the other part for non-technology-minded people. In the former section, he notes that a laptop offers more features for a cheaper price than the iPad. In his review for the latter audience, however, he claims that if his readers like the concept of the device and can understand what its intended uses are, then they will enjoy using the device.[70] Ed Baig of USA Today bluntly states that the iPad "is a winner".[71] Andy Ihnatko of the Chicago Sun-Times calls the iPad "one of the best computers ever".[72] PC Magazine also praised the iPad; Tim Gideon's review said, "you have yourself a winner" that "will undoubtedly be a driving force in shaping the emerging tablet landscape."[73] Michael Arrington of TechCrunch said, "the iPad beats even my most optimistic expectations. This is a new category of device. But it also will replace laptops for many people." [74]

Manufacture

The iPad is currently being assembled by Foxconn, the same company that manufactures Apple's iPod and iPhone, in its largest plant in Shenzhen, China.[75]

iSuppli estimated that the iPad 16GB Wi-Fi version cost Apple $259.60 to manufacture.[76] Apple does not disclose the source of iPad components, but tear-down reports and analysis from industry insiders indicate that various parts and their suppliers include:

See also

References

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External links

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