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List of current cardinals

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Generic depiction of a cardinal's choir dress
Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet, comprising cassock, fascia, rochet, mozzetta, pectoral cross, zucchetto, biretta and ring

Cardinals are senior ecclesiastical leaders of the Catholic Church, almost always ordained bishops and generally holding important roles within the church, such as governing prominent archdioceses or managing dicasteries within the Roman Curia. They are created in consistories by the pope and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope (invariably from among themselves, although not a formal requirement) when the Holy See is vacant, following the death or the resignation of the reigning pontiff. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.[1][2]

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See falls vacant are eligible to participate in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution also specifies a maximum of 120 cardinal electors who can participate in a conclave;[3] this number has often been exceeded, although never at the time of a conclave. Cardinals may also be created in pectore (reserved 'in the breast'), in which case they are not publicly revealed by the pope; they do not enjoy the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][4]

As of 13 January 2021, there are 227 cardinals, 128 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 28 November 2020, when Pope Francis created 13 cardinals, including 9 cardinal electors.[5] Donald William Wuerl was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 12 November 2020; Gabriel Zubeir Wako will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 27 February 2021. Eusébio Oscar Scheid was the most recent cardinal to die, on 13 January 2021, at the age of 88.[6]

Living cardinals

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with official precedence in the following sequence, generally reflecting seniority and honour:[1]

  1. Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome (and other cardinals who are additionally co-opted into the order, in derogation of canon law),[7][8] appointed from the other cardinals by the pope, as well as cardinals who are patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches.[9] The two most senior cardinal bishops of the College, elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding those who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope,[1] are termed the dean and the vice-dean, currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively; the latter is also the senior cardinal bishop among those who are cardinal electors.[a]
  2. Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses (normally as ordinaries), as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted for the order.[10] The most senior cardinal priest of the College is termed the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.[a]
  3. Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who hold curial or diplomatic roles, as well as other clergy, including priests granted dispensation not to be consecrated bishops. They have the option (Latin: optatio) of becoming cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years.[1][11] The most senior cardinal deacon of the College is termed the protodeacon, currently Renato Raffaele Martino; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal deacon is Robert Sarah and the junior cardinal deacon is Michael Czerny.[a]

For cardinal bishops, except for those who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

By default, this table is sorted by order of precedence. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the respective post-nominal letters.

This list is complete and up to date as of 13 January 2021.
  •  Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave
No. Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Ref.
1 Giovanni Battista Re* Italy 30 January 1934
(age 90) 		CB 21 February 2001[i]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops (Dean) [12]
2 Leonardo Sandri Argentina 18 November 1943
(age 80) 		CB 24 November 2007[ii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches (Vice-Dean) [13]
3 Angelo Sodano* Italy 23 November 1927
(age 96) 		CB 28 June 1991[iii]
John Paul II 		Secretary of State emeritus [14]
4 Francis Arinze* Nigeria 1 November 1932
(age 91) 		CB 25 May 1985[iv]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [15]
5 Tarcisio Bertone SDB* Italy 2 December 1934
(age 89) 		CB 21 October 2003[v]
John Paul II 		Secretary of State emeritus and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [16]
6 José Saraiva Martins CMF* Portugal 6 January 1932
(age 92) 		CB 21 February 2001[vi]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [17]
7 Pietro Parolin Italy 17 January 1955
(age 69) 		CB 22 February 2014[vii]
Francis 		Secretary of State [18]
8 Marc Ouellet PSS Canada 8 June 1944
(age 80) 		CB 21 October 2003[vii]
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops [19]
9 Fernando Filoni Italy 15 April 1946
(age 78) 		CB 18 February 2012[viii]
Benedict XVI 		Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [20]
10 Beniamino Stella Italy 18 August 1941
(age 82) 		CB 22 February 2014[ix]
Francis 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy [21]
11 Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle Philippines 21 June 1957
(age 66) 		CB 24 November 2012[x]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples [22]
12 Antonios Naguib* Egypt 18 March 1935
(age 89) 		CB 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Patriarch emeritus of Alexandria
(Coptic Catholic Church) 		[23]
13 Béchara Boutros Raï OMM* Lebanon 25 February 1940
(age 84) 		CB 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Patriarch of Antioch
(Maronite Church) 		[24]
14 Louis Raphaël I Sako Iraq 4 July 1948
(age 75) 		CB 28 June 2018
Francis 		Patriarch of Babylon
(Chaldean Catholic Church) 		[25]
15 Michael Michai Kitbunchu* Thailand 25 January 1929
(age 95) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok (Protopriest) [26]
16 Alexandre do Nascimento* Angola 1 March 1925
(age 99) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Luanda [27]
17 Thomas Stafford Williams* New Zealand 20 March 1930
(age 94) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Wellington [28]
18 Jozef Tomko* Slovakia 11 March 1924
(age 100) 		CP 25 May 1985[xi]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses [29]
19 Paul Poupard* France 30 August 1930
(age 93) 		CP 25 May 1985[xi]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue [30]
20 Friedrich Wetter* Germany 20 February 1928
(age 96) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising [31]
21 Eduardo Martínez Somalo* Spain 31 March 1927
(age 97) 		CP 28 June 1988[xii]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [32]
22 José Freire Falcão* Brazil 23 October 1925
(age 98) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Brasília [33]
23 Alexandre José Maria dos Santos OFM* Mozambique 18 March 1924
(age 100) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Maputo [34]
24 Christian Wiyghan Tumi* Cameroon 15 October 1930
(age 93) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Douala [35]
25 Edward Idris Cassidy* Australia 5 July 1924
(age 99) 		CP 28 June 1991[xiii]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [36]
26 Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez* Dominican Republic 31 October 1936
(age 87) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo [37]
27 Roger Michael Mahony* United States 27 February 1936
(age 88) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles [38]
28 Camillo Ruini* Italy 19 February 1931
(age 93) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Vicar General emeritus for Rome and Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [39]
29 Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja SJ* Indonesia 20 December 1934
(age 89) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta [40]
30 Emmanuel Wamala* Uganda 15 December 1926
(age 97) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Kampala [41]
31 Adam Joseph Maida* United States 18 March 1930
(age 94) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Detroit [42]
32 Vinko Puljić Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 September 1945
(age 78) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vrhbosna [43]
33 Juan Sandoval Íñiguez* Mexico 28 March 1933
(age 91) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara [44]
34 Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez* Chile 23 December 1926
(age 97) 		CP 21 February 1998[xiv]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [45]
35 James Francis Stafford* United States 26 July 1932
(age 91) 		CP 21 February 1998[xiv]
John Paul II 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [46]
36 Salvatore De Giorgi* Italy 6 September 1930
(age 93) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [47]
37 Antonio María Rouco Varela* Spain 20 August 1936
(age 87) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Madrid [48]
38 Polycarp Pengo Tanzania 5 August 1944
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Dar-es-Salaam [49]
39 Christoph Schönborn OP Austria 22 January 1945
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vienna [50]
40 Norberto Rivera Carrera Mexico 6 June 1942
(age 82) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Mexico [51]
41 Jānis Pujats* Latvia 14 November 1930
(age 93) 		CP 21 February 1998[b]
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Riga [52]
42 Agostino Cacciavillan* Italy 14 August 1926
(age 97) 		CP 21 February 2001[xv]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [53]
43 Sergio Sebastiani* Italy 11 April 1931
(age 93) 		CP 21 February 2001[xv]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See [54]
44 Crescenzio Sepe Italy 2 June 1943
(age 81) 		CP 21 February 2001[xvi]
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Naples [55]
45 Walter Kasper* Germany 5 March 1933
(age 91) 		CP 21 February 2001[xv]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [56]
46 Geraldo Majella Agnelo* Brazil 19 October 1933
(age 90) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of São Salvador da Bahia [57]
47 Pedro Rubiano Sáenz* Colombia 13 September 1932
(age 91) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá [58]
48 Audrys Juozas Bačkis* Lithuania 1 February 1937
(age 87) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Vilnius [59]
49 Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch* Chile 5 September 1933
(age 90) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [60]
50 Wilfrid Fox Napier OFM South Africa 8 March 1941
(age 83) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Durban [61]
51 Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB Honduras 29 December 1942
(age 81) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator of the Council of Cardinals [62]
52 Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne Peru 28 December 1943
(age 80) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lima [63]
53 Francisco Álvarez Martínez* Spain 14 July 1925
(age 98) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Toledo [64]
54 Cláudio Hummes OFM* Brazil 8 August 1934
(age 89) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy [65]
55 Severino Poletto* Italy 18 March 1933
(age 91) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Turin [66]
56 Julián Herranz Casado* Spain 31 March 1930
(age 94) 		CP 21 October 2003[xvii]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [67]
57 Javier Lozano Barragán* Mexico 26 January 1933
(age 91) 		CP 21 October 2003[xvii]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers [68]
58 Angelo Scola Italy 7 November 1941
(age 82) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Milan [69]
59 Anthony Olubunmi Okogie* Nigeria 16 June 1936
(age 87) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lagos [70]
60 Gabriel Zubeir Wako Sudan 27 February 1941
(age 83) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Khartoum [71]
61 Carlos Amigo Vallejo OFM* Spain 23 August 1934
(age 89) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Seville [72]
62 Justin Francis Rigali* United States 19 April 1935
(age 89) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia [73]
63 Ennio Antonelli* Italy 18 November 1936
(age 87) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family [74]
64 Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson Ghana 11 October 1948
(age 75) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [75]
65 Telesphore Placidus Toppo* India 15 October 1939
(age 84) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Ranchi [76]
66 George Pell Australia 8 June 1941
(age 83) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Secretariat for the Economy [77]
67 Josip Bozanić Croatia 20 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Zagreb [78]
68 Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn* Vietnam 5 March 1934
(age 90) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Ho Chi Minh City [79]
69 Philippe Barbarin France 17 October 1950
(age 73) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lyon [80]
70 Péter Erdő Hungary 25 June 1952
(age 71) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest [81]
71 Franc Rodé CM* Slovenia 23 September 1934
(age 89) 		CP 24 March 2006[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [82]
72 Agostino Vallini* Italy 17 April 1940
(age 84) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi [83]
73 Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino Venezuela 28 August 1942
(age 81) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Caracas [84]
74 Gaudencio Borbon Rosales* Philippines 10 August 1932
(age 91) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Manila [85]
75 Jean-Pierre Ricard France 25 September 1944
(age 79) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Bordeaux [86]
76 Antonio Cañizares Llovera Spain 15 October 1945
(age 78) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Valencia [87]
77 Nicholas Cheong Jin-suk* South Korea 7 December 1931
(age 92) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Seoul [88]
78 Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap United States 29 June 1944
(age 79) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Boston and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors [89]
79 Stanisław Dziwisz* Poland 27 April 1939
(age 85) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Kraków [90]
80 Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB* China
(Hong Kong)[c] 		13 January 1932
(age 92) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [91]
81 Albert Vanhoye SJ* France 24 July 1923
(age 100) 		CP 24 March 2006[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Priest of the Society of Jesus[d] [92]
82 Giovanni Lajolo* Italy 3 January 1935
(age 89) 		CP 24 November 2007[xix]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [93]
83 Paul Josef Cordes* Germany 5 September 1934
(age 89) 		CP 24 November 2007[xix]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum [94]
84 Angelo Comastri Italy 17 September 1943
(age 80) 		CP 24 November 2007[xix]
Benedict XVI 		Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter [95]
85 Stanisław Ryłko Poland 4 July 1945
(age 78) 		CP 24 November 2007[xix]
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [96]
86 Raffaele Farina SDB* Italy 24 September 1933
(age 90) 		CP 24 November 2007[xix]
Benedict XVI 		Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [97]
87 Seán Baptist Brady* Ireland[e] 16 August 1939
(age 84) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Armagh [98]
88 Lluís Martínez Sistach* Spain 29 April 1937
(age 87) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona [99]
89 André Vingt-Trois France 7 November 1942
(age 81) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Paris [100]
90 Angelo Bagnasco Italy 14 January 1943
(age 81) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Genoa [101]
91 Théodore-Adrien Sarr* Senegal 28 November 1936
(age 87) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Dakar [102]
92 Oswald Gracias India 24 December 1944
(age 79) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Bombay [103]
93 Francisco Robles Ortega Mexico 2 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Guadalajara [104]
94 Daniel Nicholas DiNardo United States 23 May 1949
(age 75) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Galveston–Houston [105]
95 Odilo Pedro Scherer Brazil 21 September 1949
(age 74) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of São Paulo [106]
96 John Njue Kenya 1944[f]
(age 79–80) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Nairobi [107]
97 Estanislao Esteban Karlic* Argentina 7 February 1926
(age 98) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Paraná [108]
98 Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya* Democratic Republic of the Congo 7 October 1939
(age 84) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Kinshasa [109]
99 Paolo Romeo* Italy 20 February 1938
(age 86) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [110]
100 Donald William Wuerl* United States 12 November 1940
(age 83) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Washington [111]
101 Raymundo Damasceno Assis* Brazil 15 February 1937
(age 87) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Aparecida [112]
102 Kazimierz Nycz Poland 1 February 1950
(age 74) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Warsaw [113]
103 Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige Don Sri Lanka 15 November 1947
(age 76) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Colombo [114]
104 Reinhard Marx Germany 21 September 1953
(age 70) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy [115]
105 George Alencherry India 19 April 1945
(age 79) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly
(Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) 		[116]
106 Thomas Christopher Collins Canada 16 January 1947
(age 77) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Toronto [117]
107 Dominik Duka OP Czech Republic 26 April 1943
(age 81) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Prague [118]
108 Willem Jacobus Eijk Netherlands 22 June 1953
(age 70) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Utrecht [119]
109 Giuseppe Betori Italy 25 February 1947
(age 77) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Florence [120]
110 Timothy Michael Dolan United States 6 February 1950
(age 74) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of New York [121]
111 Rainer Maria Woelki Germany 18 August 1956
(age 67) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Cologne [122]
112 John Tong Hon* China
(Hong Kong)[c] 		31 July 1939
(age 84) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [123]
113 Lucian Mureșan* Romania 23 May 1931
(age 93) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia
(Romanian Greek Catholic Church) 		[124]
114 Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal India 15 June 1959
(age 65) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Trivandrum
(Syro-Malankara Catholic Church) 		[125]
115 John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan Nigeria 29 January 1944
(age 80) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Abuja [126]
116 Rubén Salazar Gómez Colombia 22 September 1942
(age 81) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá [127]
117 Vincent Gerard Nichols United Kingdom 8 November 1945
(age 78) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Westminster [128]
118 Leopoldo José Brenes Solórzano Nicaragua 7 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Managua [129]
119 Gérald Cyprien Lacroix ISPX Canada 27 July 1957
(age 66) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Quebec [130]
120 Jean-Pierre Kutwa Ivory Coast 22 December 1945
(age 78) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Abidjan [131]
121 Orani João Tempesta OCist Brazil 23 June 1950
(age 73) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro [132]
122 Gualtiero Bassetti Italy 7 April 1942
(age 82) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Perugia–Città della Pieve [133]
123 Mario Aurelio Poli Argentina 29 November 1947
(age 76) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Buenos Aires [134]
124 Andrew Yeom Soo-jung South Korea 5 December 1943
(age 80) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Seoul [135]
125 Ricardo Ezzati Andrello SDB Chile 7 January 1942
(age 82) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [136]
126 Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo Burkina Faso 25 January 1945
(age 79) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Ouagadougou [137]
127 Orlando Beltran Quevedo OMI* Philippines 11 March 1939
(age 85) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cotabato [138]
128 Chibly Langlois Haiti 29 November 1958
(age 65) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Bishop of Les Cayes [139]
129 Kelvin Edward Felix* Saint Lucia 15 February 1933
(age 91) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Castries [140]
130 Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente Portugal 16 July 1948
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Patriarch of Lisbon [141]
131 Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM Ethiopia 14 July 1948
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Addis Abeba
(Ethiopian Catholic Church) 		[142]
132 John Atcherley Dew New Zealand 5 May 1948
(age 76) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Wellington [143]
133 Edoardo Menichelli* Italy 14 October 1939
(age 84) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Ancona–Osimo [144]
134 Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn* Vietnam 1 April 1938
(age 86) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Hanoi [145]
135 Alberto Suárez Inda* Mexico 30 January 1939
(age 85) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Morelia [146]
136 Charles Maung Bo SDB Myanmar 29 October 1948
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Yangon [147]
137 Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovithavanij Thailand 27 June 1949
(age 74) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Bangkok [148]
138 Francesco Montenegro Italy 22 May 1946
(age 78) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Agrigento [149]
139 Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet SDB Uruguay 4 July 1959
(age 64) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Montevideo [150]
140 Ricardo Blázquez Pérez Spain 13 April 1942
(age 82) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Valladolid [151]
141 José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR Panama 24 February 1944
(age 80) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of David [152]
142 Arlindo Gomes Furtado Cape Verde 15 November 1949
(age 74) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde [153]
143 Soane Patita Paini Mafi Tonga 19 December 1961
(age 62) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of Tonga [154]
144 Luis Héctor Villalba* Argentina 11 October 1934
(age 89) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Tucumán [155]
145 Júlio Duarte Langa* Mozambique 27 October 1927
(age 96) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Xai-Xai [156]
146 Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp Central African Republic 14 March 1967
(age 57) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Bangui [157]
147 Carlos Osoro Sierra Spain 16 May 1945
(age 79) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Madrid [158]
148 Sérgio da Rocha Brazil 21 October 1959
(age 64) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia [159]
149 Blase Joseph Cupich United States 19 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Chicago [160]
150 Patrick D'Rozario CSC Bangladesh 1 October 1943
(age 80) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Dhaka [161]
151 Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo Venezuela 10 October 1944
(age 79) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Mérida [162]
152 Jozef De Kesel Belgium 17 June 1947
(age 76) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Mechelen–Brussels [163]
153 Maurice Piat CSSp Mauritius 17 July 1941
(age 82) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Bishop of Port-Louis [164]
154 Carlos Aguiar Retes Mexico 9 January 1950
(age 74) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Mexico [165]
155 John Ribat MSC Papua New Guinea 9 February 1957
(age 67) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Port Moresby [166]
156 Joseph William Tobin CSsR United States 3 May 1952
(age 72) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Newark [167]
157 Sebastian Koto Khoarai OMI* Lesotho 11 September 1929
(age 94) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Mohale's Hoek [168]
158 Jean Zerbo Mali 27 December 1943
(age 80) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Archbishop of Bamako [169]
159 Juan José Omella Omella Spain 21 April 1946
(age 78) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Archbishop of Barcelona [170]
160 Anders Arborelius OCD Sweden 24 September 1949
(age 74) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Bishop of Stockholm [171]
161 Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD Laos 8 April 1944
(age 80) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane [172]
162 Gregorio Rosa Chávez El Salvador 3 September 1942
(age 81) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Auxiliary Bishop of San Salvador [173]
163 Angelo De Donatis Italy 4 January 1954
(age 70) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [174]
164 Joseph Coutts Pakistan 21 July 1945
(age 78) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Karachi [175]
165 António Augusto dos Santos Marto Portugal 5 May 1947
(age 77) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Bishop of Leiria–Fátima [176]
166 Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno SJ Peru 12 February 1944
(age 80) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Huancayo [177]
167 Désiré Tsarahazana Madagascar 13 June 1954
(age 70) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Toamasina [178]
168 Giuseppe Petrocchi Italy 19 August 1948
(age 75) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of L'Aquila [179]
169 Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda Japan 3 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Osaka [180]
170 Toribio Ticona Porco* Bolivia 25 April 1937
(age 87) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prelate emeritus of Corocoro [181]
171 Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Indonesia 9 July 1950
(age 73) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Jakarta [182]
172 Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez Cuba 11 July 1948
(age 75) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana [183]
173 Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap Democratic Republic of the Congo 24 January 1960
(age 64) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Kinshasa [184]
174 Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ Luxembourg 9 August 1958
(age 65) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Luxembourg [185]
175 Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri Guatemala 16 July 1947
(age 76) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Bishop of Huehuetenango [186]
176 Matteo Maria Zuppi Italy 11 October 1955
(age 68) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Bologna [187]
177 Cristóbal López Romero SDB Morocco 19 May 1952
(age 72) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Rabat [188]
178 Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ* Lithuania 7 November 1938
(age 85) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas [189]
179 Eugenio Dal Corso PSDP* Angola 16 May 1939
(age 85) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Benguela [190]
180 Antoine Kambanda Rwanda 10 November 1958
(age 65) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Kigali [191]
181 Wilton Daniel Gregory United States 7 December 1947
(age 76) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Washington [192]
182 Jose Fuerte Advincula Philippines 30 March 1952
(age 72) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Capiz [193]
183 Celestino Aós Braco OFMCap Chile 6 April 1945
(age 79) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Santiago de Chile [194]
184 Cornelius Sim Brunei 16 September 1951
(age 72) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Apostolic Vicar of Brunei [195]
185 Augusto Paolo Lojudice Italy 1 July 1964
(age 59) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino [196]
186 Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel* Mexico 1 May 1940
(age 84) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of San Cristóbal de las Casas [197]
187 Renato Raffaele Martino* Italy 23 November 1932
(age 91) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Justice and Peace and for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People (Protodeacon) [198]
188 Angelo Amato SDB* Italy 8 June 1938
(age 86) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [199]
189 Robert Sarah Guinea 15 June 1945
(age 79) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [200]
190 Francesco Monterisi* Italy 28 May 1934
(age 90) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [201]
191 Raymond Leo Burke United States 30 June 1948
(age 75) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [202]
192 Kurt Koch Switzerland 15 March 1950
(age 74) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [203]
193 Mauro Piacenza Italy 15 September 1944
(age 79) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Major Penitentiary [204]
194 Gianfranco Ravasi Italy 18 October 1942
(age 81) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council for Culture [205]
195 Walter Brandmüller* Germany 5 January 1929
(age 95) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences [206]
196 Manuel Monteiro de Castro* Portugal 29 March 1938
(age 86) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [207]
197 Santos Abril y Castelló* Spain 21 September 1935
(age 88) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [208]
198 Antonio Maria Vegliò* Italy 3 February 1938
(age 86) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [209]
199 Giuseppe Bertello Italy 1 October 1942
(age 81) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [210]
200 Francesco Coccopalmerio* Italy 6 March 1938
(age 86) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [211]
201 João Braz de Aviz Brazil 24 April 1947
(age 77) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [212]
202 Edwin Frederick O'Brien* United States 8 April 1939
(age 85) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Grand Master emeritus of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [213]
203 Domenico Calcagno Italy 3 February 1943
(age 81) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [214]
204 Giuseppe Versaldi Italy 30 July 1943
(age 80) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education [215]
205 James Michael Harvey United States 20 October 1949
(age 74) 		CD 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [216]
206 Lorenzo Baldisseri* Italy 29 September 1940
(age 83) 		CD 22 February 2014
Francis 		Secretary-General emeritus of the Synod of Bishops [217]
207 Gerhard Ludwig Müller Germany 31 December 1947
(age 76) 		CD 22 February 2014
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [218]
208 Dominique Mamberti France 7 March 1952
(age 72) 		CD 14 February 2015
Francis 		Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura [219]
209 Luigi De Magistris* Italy 23 February 1926
(age 98) 		CD 14 February 2015
Francis 		Pro–Major Penitentiary emeritus [220]
210 Karl-Josef Rauber* Germany 11 April 1934
(age 90) 		CD 14 February 2015
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Belgium and to Luxembourg [221]
211 Mario Zenari Italy 5 January 1946
(age 78) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio to Syria [222]
212 Kevin Joseph Farrell United States 2 September 1947
(age 76) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church [223]
213 Ernest Simoni* Albania 18 October 1928
(age 95) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Priest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult[d] [224]
214 Luis Francisco Ladaria Ferrer SJ Spain 19 April 1944
(age 80) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [225]
215 Giovanni Angelo Becciu*[g] Italy 2 June 1948
(age 76) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints and Special Delegate emeritus to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [226]
216 Konrad Krajewski Poland 25 November 1963
(age 60) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Almoner of His Holiness [227]
217 Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF* Spain 17 May 1938
(age 86) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Superior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary [228]
218 Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot MCCJ Spain 17 June 1952
(age 71) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue [229]
219 José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça Portugal 15 December 1965
(age 58) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church [230]
220 Michael Czerny SJ Canada 18 July 1946
(age 77) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Under-Secretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [231]
221 Michael Louis Fitzgerald MAfr* United Kingdom 17 August 1937
(age 86) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Egypt [232]
222 Mario Grech Malta 20 February 1957
(age 67) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops [233]
223 Marcello Semeraro Italy 22 December 1947
(age 76) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [234]
224 Mauro Gambetti OFMConv Italy 27 October 1965
(age 58) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Custos emeritus of the Sacred Convent of Assisi [235]
225 Silvano Maria Tomasi CS* Italy 12 October 1940
(age 83) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [236]
226 Raniero Cantalamessa OFMCap* Italy 22 July 1934
(age 89) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Preacher of the Papal Household[d] [237]
227 Enrico Feroci* Italy 27 August 1940
(age 83) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Pastor of the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Rome [238]

Former cardinals

As of 28 July 2018, there are three living former cardinals, listed here in chronological order of when they ceased to be a cardinal:

Demographics of the College of Cardinals

This table shows the number of living cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order. By default, it is sorted by order of pontificate.

Currently, 56.4 per cent of all cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority, if all 128 cardinal electors were to participate (notwithstanding the maximum of 120 specified in Universi Dominici gregis), would be 86.[3][243]

Pope Order Total Percentage of total
No. Name Cardinal bishops Cardinal priests Cardinal deacons
All Electors All Electors All Electors All Electors All Electors
264 John Paul II
16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005 		6 1 56 15 1 0 63 16 27.8% 12.5%
265 Benedict XVI
19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013 		5 3 46 26 18 10 69 39 30.4% 30.5%
266 Francis
13 March 2013 – present 		3 3 70 58 22 12 95 73 41.9% 57.0%
Total 14 7 172 99 41 22 227 128 100.0% 100.0%
Percentage of total 6.2% 5.5% 75.8% 77.3% 18.1% 17.2% 100.0% 100.0%

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches.

Currently, there are seven Eastern Catholic cardinals, including four cardinal electors, belonging to seven particular churches sui iuris:

For Eastern Catholic particular churches sui iuris, bracketed percentages are in relation to all Eastern Catholic Churches as a whole.

Particular church sui iuris All cardinals Cardinal electors
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Latin Church
(Western) 		220 96.9% 124 96.9%
Eastern Churches Chaldean Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		1 0.8%
(25.0%)
Coptic Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		0 0.0%
(0.0%)
Ethiopian Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		1 0.8%
(25.0%)
Maronite Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		0 0.0%
(0.0%)
Romanian Greek Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		0 0.0%
(0.0%)
Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		1 0.8%
(25.0%)
Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 1 0.4%
(14.3%) 		1 0.8%
(25.0%)
Total 7 3.1%
(100.0%) 		4 3.1%
(100.0%)
Total 227 100.0% 128 100.0%

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

Currently, there are 50 cardinals (22.0 per cent), including 29 cardinal electors (22.7 per cent), belonging to 25 institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life. Common names, if different, are given in brackets.

Post-nominal Institute or society All cardinals Cardinal electors
CM Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians/Lazarists) 2 1
CMF Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Claretians) 2 0
CS Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians) 1 0
CSC Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers) 1 1
CSSp Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers / Spiritans) 2 2
CSsR Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) 1 1
ISch Institute of Schönstatt Fathers 1 0
ISPX Pius X Secular Institute 1 1
IVD Voluntas Dei Institute 1 1
MAfr Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) 1 0
MCCJ Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus 1 1
MSC Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 1 1
OAR Order of Augustinian Recollects 1 1
OCD Order of Discalced Carmelites 1 1
OCist Order of Cistercians 1 1
OFM Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) 4 1
OFMCap Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins) 4 3
OFMConv Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans) 1 1
OMI Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates) 2 0
OMM Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians) 1 0
OP Order of Preachers (Dominicans) 2 2
PSDP Poor Servants of Divine Providence 1 0
PSS Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians) 1 1
SDB Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians) 9 5
SJ Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 7 4
None Secular clergy 177 99
Total 227 128

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the Americas region, North America comprises the Northern America, the Central America and the Caribbean subregions, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.

Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors Percentage of global Catholic population (2018)[244]
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Africa 30 13.2% 18 14.1% 18.5%
North America 35 15.4% 23 18.0% 48.3%[h]
South America 24 10.6% 14 10.9%
Asia 27 11.9% 16 12.5% 11.1%
Europe 105 46.3% 53 41.4% 21.5%
Oceania 6 2.6% 4 3.1% 0.6%
Total 227 100.0% 128 100.0% 100.0%

Cardinals by country

Currently, there are 90 countries that have cardinals, 70 of which have cardinal electors. The countries with the greatest percentages of all cardinals are Italy (20.7 per cent), the United States (6.6 per cent) and Spain (6.2 per cent). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest percentages are Italy (17.2 per cent), the United States (7.0 per cent) and Spain (4.7 per cent).

Country Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors
Albania Europe 1 0
Angola Africa 2 0
Argentina South America 4 2
Australia Oceania 2 1
Austria Europe 1 1
Bangladesh Asia 1 1
Belgium Europe 1 1
Bolivia South America 1 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 1 1
Brazil South America 8 4
Brunei Asia 1 1
Burkina Faso Africa 1 1
Cameroon Africa 1 0
Canada North America 4 4
Cape Verde Africa 1 1
Central African Republic Africa 1 1
Chile South America 4 2
China (Hong Kong)[c] Asia 2 0
Colombia South America 2 1
Cuba North America 1 1
Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa 2 1
Croatia Europe 1 1
Czech Republic Europe 1 1
Dominican Republic North America 1 0
Egypt Africa 1 0
El Salvador North America 1 1
Ethiopia Africa 1 1
France Europe 6 4
Germany Europe 8 3
Ghana Africa 1 1
Guatemala North America 1 1
Guinea Africa 1 1
Haiti North America 1 1
Honduras North America 1 1
Hungary Europe 1 1
India Asia 4 3
Indonesia Asia 2 1
Iraq Asia 1 1
Ireland Europe 1 0
Italy Europe 47 22
Ivory Coast Africa 1 1
Japan Asia 1 1
Kenya Africa 1 1
South Korea Asia 2 1
Laos Asia 1 1
Latvia Europe 1 0
Lebanon Asia 1 0
Lesotho Africa 1 0
Lithuania Europe 2 0
Luxembourg Europe 1 1
Madagascar Africa 1 1
Mali Africa 1 1
Malta Europe 1 1
Mauritius Africa 1 1
Mexico North America 7 3
Morocco Africa 1 1
Mozambique Africa 2 0
Myanmar Asia 1 1
Netherlands Europe 1 1
New Zealand Oceania 2 1
Nicaragua North America 1 1
Nigeria Africa 3 1
Pakistan Asia 1 1
Panama North America 1 1
Papua New Guinea Oceania 1 1
Peru South America 2 2
Philippines Asia 4 2
Poland Europe 4 3
Portugal Europe 5 3
Romania Europe 1 0
Rwanda Africa 1 1
Saint Lucia North America 1 0
Senegal Africa 1 0
Slovakia Europe 1 0
Slovenia Europe 1 0
South Africa Africa 1 1
Spain Europe 14 6
Sri Lanka Asia 1 1
Sudan Africa 1 1
Sweden Europe 1 1
Switzerland Europe 1 1
Tanzania Africa 1 1
Thailand Asia 2 1
Tonga Oceania 1 1
Uganda Africa 1 0
United Kingdom Europe 2 1
United States North America 15 9
Uruguay South America 1 1
Venezuela South America 2 2
Vietnam Asia 2 0
Total 227 128

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).[3]
  2. ^ Created in pectore; revealed on 21 February 2001
  3. ^ a b c Special administrative region of China
  4. ^ a b c Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
  5. ^ Territory as archbishop also in the United Kingdom
  6. ^ Exact date of birth unknown
  7. ^ Resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020
  8. ^ For the Americas (North and South America) as a whole
  1. ^ Created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002
  2. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  3. ^ Created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 January 1994
  4. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
  5. ^ Created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
  6. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
  7. ^ a b Created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  8. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  9. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
  10. ^ Created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
  11. ^ a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
  12. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 9 January 1999
  13. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 26 February 2002
  14. ^ a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
  15. ^ a b c Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
  16. ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
  17. ^ a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
  18. ^ a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
  19. ^ a b c d e Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "The College of Cardinals General Documentazion". Holy See Press Office. 17 February 2014. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  2. ^ Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). "Cardinal" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  3. ^ a b c d Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  4. ^ Boudinhon, Auguste (1913). "In Petto" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  5. ^ "Announcement of consistory on 28 November for the creation of new cardinals". Holy See Press Office. 25 October 2020. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  6. ^ Brockhaus, Hannah (13 January 2021). "Brazilian cardinal dies at age 88 after long illness". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2021. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 13 January 2021 suggested (help)
  7. ^ "Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi: Rescriptum of the Holy Father Francis by which he has decided to co-opt into the Order of Bishops, equating them in all respects with the Cardinals holding the title of a suburbicarian Church, Cardinals Parolin, Sandri, Ouellet and Filoni". Holy See Press Office. 26 June 2018. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  8. ^ "Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi: Rescritto del Santo Padre Francesco con cui ha deciso di cooptare nell'Ordine dei Vescovi, equiparandolo in tutto ai Cardinali insigniti del titolo di una Chiesa suburbicaria, l'Em.mo Cardinale Luis Antonio G. Tagle" [Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi: Rescript of the Holy Father Francis, by which he decides to co-opt into the Order of Bishops His Eminence Cardinal Luis Antonio G. Tagle, equating him in all respects to the Cardinals who have been awarded the title of a suburbicarian Church]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede (in Italian). 1 May 2020. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  9. ^ "The See of Peter – Cardinal Bishops". EWTN. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  10. ^ "The See of Peter – Cardinal Priests". EWTN. Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  11. ^ "The See of Peter – Cardinal Deacons". EWTN. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  12. ^ "Re Card. Giovanni Battista". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
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External links

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