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*[http://www.nakbainhebrew.org/index.php?id=426 Tour of Amqa], by Liat Sadeh-Saadon and Raneen Geries, May 19, 2006, [[Zochrot]]
*[http://www.nakbainhebrew.org/index.php?id=426 Tour of Amqa], by Liat Sadeh-Saadon and Raneen Geries, May 19, 2006, [[Zochrot]]


{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}
{{District of Acre}}


[[Category:Villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war]]
[[Category:Villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war]]

Revision as of 20:27, 30 August 2009

For the Israeli moshav, see Amka.

Template:Infobox Former Arab villages in Palestine

Amqa (Arabic: عمقا) is a former Palestinian Arab village located Template:Km to mi northeast of the city of Acre in the Galilee. Its population in 1945 was 1,240 people and the total land area of the village was over 6,000 dunums (1,500 acres). Depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, all that remains of the village structures are an elementary school for boys, founded under Ottoman rule in 1887 and one mosque. Yemenite Jews, from the southern Arab country of Yemen, founded the village's successor Amka in Israel in 1949.

Archeological sites

Three khirbats ("archaeological ruins") lay within 'Amqa's vicinity that contain the foundations of buildings, well-chiseled building stones, presses, and a cistern. During archaeological searches of the area remnants of a Byzantine church were discovered but due to the destruction of the village no foundations could be established.[1][2][3]

History

During the Roman period, the village located at the same site was called Kefar Amqa, and during the Crusader period, it was referred to as Amca. In 1596, ´Amqa was a village in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Akka under the liwa' (district) of Safad, with a population of 215. It paid taxes on a number of crops, such as wheat, barley, olives, cotton and fruit, and on other types of produce, such as goats and beehives.[4]

In the early eighteenth century the village was under control of Shaykh Najm. He had an agreement to sell the cotton from this and other villages under his control exclusively to the Dutch trader Paul Maashook. In return, Maashook would pay the "miri" tax normally payable by the village shaykhs.[5] The Arab traveller al-Bakri al-Siddiqi, who toured the area in the mid-eighteenth century, said that he prayed in the village after visiting the citadel of Atlit.[6] In 1776 the village was used as a base by Ahmad Jazzar Pasha to crush a revolt led by Ali, one of the sons of Zahir al-Umar.[7]

In the late nineteenth century, the village consisted of about 300 residents who were Muslims and maintained a village mosque. In 1887, the Ottoman authorities built a school in ´Amqa.[6]

1948, and after

The village was captured by Israel's 7th Brigade on July 16 1948 during Operation Dekel, an Israeli offensive in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It was largely destroyed, with the exception of its school and its mosque, and most of its inhabitants were expelled, with the exception of its former Druze inhabitants who still live nearby. In 1949, the village was settled by Yemenite Jews and was renamed Amka.[8]

The majority of the surviving buildings of Amqa ware completely destroyed by the Israeli army in the late 1950s on the orders of the Israeli government.[9][10][11]

The mosque and a schoolroom now used as a warehouse, are the only surviving buildings.[9][12]

The mosque was inspected by Petersen in 1991. The date of the mosque is not known, but it bears a general similarity to the nearby mosque of Al-Ghabisiyya, and is probably of a similar age, i.e. early 1800s.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ellenblum, 2003 p.178
  2. ^ The War for Palestine (second Edition 2007) Rogan and Shlaim Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-87598-1 p 66
  3. ^ Khoury, Elias (2007) Gate of the Sun: Bab Al-Shams Translated by Humphrey Davies Macmillan, ISBN 0312426704 p 308
  4. ^ Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter and Kamal Abdulfattah (1977), Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. p. 192. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 4
  5. ^ Cohen, 1973, p.12. Cited in Petersen, 2002, p. 93.
  6. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 4
  7. ^ Petersen, 2002, p. 93.
  8. ^ Morris, Benny, (second edition 2004 third printing 2006) The Birth Of The Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-00967-7 p 416-418
  9. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p.4
  10. ^ Ellenblum, 2003 p.177
  11. ^ Torstrick Rebecca L. (2000) The Limits of Coexistence: Identity Politics in Israel University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0472111248 p 180
  12. ^ a b Petersen, 2002, p. 93

Bibliography

  • Cohen, A. (1973), Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Patters of Government and Administration. Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Cited in Petersen, (2002)
  • Ellenblum, Ronnie (2003), Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521521874, 9780521521871 {{citation}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); External link in |title= (help)
  • Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center
  • Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains, Washington D.C., Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0887282245
  • Morris, Benny (2004), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521009677, 9780521009676 {{citation}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  • Nazzal, Nafez (1978): The Palestinian Exodus from Galilee 1948, The Institute for Palestine Studies,
  • Petersen, Andrew (2002), A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology) p. 93-94
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