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==={{flag|Missouri}}===
==={{flag|Missouri}}===
* '''No statewide smoking ban.''' Instead, Missouri's 1992 statewide smoking law, the Indoor Clean Air Act, prohibits smoking in all enclosed public places (including workplaces) and public meetings, except in designated smoking areas, which may occupy no more than 30% of the place's enclosed area.<ref name=morevstat191767>[http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/C100-199/1910000767.HTM Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.767]</ref> Warning signs must be appropriately posted either way.<ref>[http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/C100-199/1910000771.HTM Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.771]</ref> Local governments may prohibit smoking in schools, child daycare facilities, and school buses,<ref>[http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/C100-199/1910000777.HTM Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.777]</ref> as well as in public places.<ref name=morevstat191767/> Bars, restaurants that seat fewer than 50 people, bowling alleys, billiard parlors, retail tobacco shops, rooms and halls used for private social functions, limousines and taxicabs where the driver and all passengers agree to smoking, stage performances including smoking, indoor sports stadiums seating more than 15,000 people, and private residences "are not considered a public place".<ref>[http://moga.mo.gov/statutes/C100-199/1910000769.HTM Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.769]</ref> On [[June 23]], [[2009]], the [[Missouri Court of Appeals]] ruled that despite this state law, [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] was not [[preemption (law)|preempted]] from banning smoking in bars and billiard parlors locally, effectively authorizing cities in Missouri to enact whatever smoking regulations they desire.<ref name=kcbanappeal>[http://www.courts.mo.gov/file.asp?id=32827 ''City of Kansas City v. Carlson'', ___ S.W.3d ___ (Mo. App. slip op. June 23, 2009]</ref>
* '''No statewide smoking ban.''' Instead, Missouri's 1992 statewide smoking law, the Indoor Clean Air Act, prohibits smoking in all enclosed public places (including workplaces) and public meetings, except in designated smoking areas, which may occupy no more than 30% of the place's enclosed area.<ref name=morevstat191767>[http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/C100-199/1910000767.HTM Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.767]</ref> Warning signs must be appropriately posted either way.<ref>[http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/C100-199/1910000771.HTM Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.771]</ref> Local governments may prohibit smoking in schools, child daycare facilities, and school buses,<ref>[http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/C100-199/1910000777.HTM Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.777]</ref> as well as in public places.<ref name=morevstat191767/> Bars, restaurants that seat fewer than 50 people, bowling alleys, billiard parlors, retail tobacco shops, rooms and halls used for private social functions, limousines and taxicabs where the driver and all passengers agree to smoking, stage performances including smoking, indoor sports stadiums seating more than 15,000 people, and private residences "are not considered a public place".<ref>[http://moga.mo.gov/statutes/C100-199/1910000769.HTM Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.769]</ref> On [[May 21]], [[2009]], the [[Missouri Court of Appeals]] heard arguments over whether [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]'s 2008 local ban on smoking in bars and billiard parlors is [[preemption (law)|preempted]] because it conflicts with this state law. On [[June 23]], [[2009]], the [[Missouri Court of Appeals]] ruled that despite this state law, [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] was not [[preemption (law)|preempted]] from banning smoking in bars and billiard parlors locally, effectively authorizing cities in Missouri to enact whatever smoking regulations they desire.<ref name=kcbanappeal>[http://www.courts.mo.gov/file.asp?id=32827 ''City of Kansas City v. Carlson'', ___ S.W.3d ___ (Mo. App. slip op. June 23, 2009]</ref>
**The only two proposals for a statewide smoking ban ever put before the [[Missouri General Assembly]], Senate Bills 1079 (2008) and 309 (2009), both by Senator [[Joan Bray]], had no cosponsors and little support, and '''failed''' without even receiving a hearing before a [[Missouri Senate]] committee.<ref>[http://www.senate.mo.gov/08info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=81869 2008 Missouri Senate Bill 1079]</ref><ref>[http://www.senate.mo.gov/09info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=698584 2009 Missouri Senate Bill 309]</ref> A further proposal in 2009 by Rep. Joe Fallert to amend the [[Constitution of Missouri]] to ban smoking also '''failed''' the same way before the [[Missouri House of Representatives]].<ref>[http://www.house.mo.gov/content.aspx?info=/bills091/bills/hjr5.htm 2009 Missouri House Joint Resolution 5]</ref> A bill to tax all non-smoke-free buinesses .1% of their revenue '''failed''' in May 2009 when it was not put up for a vote in a House committee.<ref>[http://www.house.mo.gov/content.aspx?info=/bills091/bills/hb910.htm 2009 Missouri House Bill 910]</ref>
**The only two proposals for a statewide smoking ban ever put before the [[Missouri General Assembly]], Senate Bills 1079 (2008) and 309 (2009), both by Senator [[Joan Bray]], had no cosponsors and little support, and '''failed''' without even receiving a hearing before a [[Missouri Senate]] committee.<ref>[http://www.senate.mo.gov/08info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=81869 2008 Missouri Senate Bill 1079]</ref><ref>[http://www.senate.mo.gov/09info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=698584 2009 Missouri Senate Bill 309]</ref> A further proposal in 2009 by Rep. Joe Fallert to amend the [[Constitution of Missouri]] to ban smoking also '''failed''' the same way before the [[Missouri House of Representatives]].<ref>[http://www.house.mo.gov/content.aspx?info=/bills091/bills/hjr5.htm 2009 Missouri House Joint Resolution 5]</ref> A bill to tax all non-smoke-free buinesses .1% of their revenue '''failed''' in May 2009 when it was not put up for a vote in a House committee.<ref>[http://www.house.mo.gov/content.aspx?info=/bills091/bills/hb910.htm 2009 Missouri House Bill 910]</ref>
**As of June 2009, Missouri has the second-lowest cigarette excise taxes in the United States (behind only [[South Carolina]]) at 17 cents per pack,<ref>[http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0097.pdf Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, ''State Excise Tax Rates and Rankings'', May 29, 2009]</ref> and the electorate voted in 2002 and 2006 to keep it that way.<ref>"A burning issue," ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', November 12, 2006</ref> According to the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], in 2008 Missouri had the fourth highest percentage of adult smokers among U.S states, at 24.5%.<ref>[http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/list.asp?cat=TU&yr=2008&qkey=4396&state=All Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System - Adults who are current smokers", September 19, 2008]</ref> In October 2008, a statewide survey by the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services found that only 27.5% of Missourians support a statewide ban on smoking in all bars and cocktail lounges.<ref>[http://www.dhss.mo.gov/County_level_study/header.php?cnty=929&profile_type=2&chkBox=C Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, ''County Level Survey 2007: Secondhand Smoke for Missouri Adults'', October 1, 2008]</ref> In 2007, ''[[Forbes]]'' named Missouri's largest metropolitan area, [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], America's "best city for smokers." <ref>[http://www.forbes.com/business/2007/11/01/tobacco-smoking-north-carolina-biz-cx_tvr_1101smoking.html "Best Cities for Smokers," ''Forbes Magazine'', November 1, 2007]</ref> Missouri also has one of the most permissive approaches to alcohol in the United States (see [[Alcohol laws of Missouri]]).
**As of June 2009, Missouri has the second-lowest cigarette excise taxes in the United States (behind only [[South Carolina]]) at 17 cents per pack,<ref>[http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0097.pdf Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, ''State Excise Tax Rates and Rankings'', May 29, 2009]</ref> and the electorate voted in 2002 and 2006 to keep it that way.<ref>"A burning issue," ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', November 12, 2006</ref> According to the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], in 2008 Missouri had the fourth highest percentage of adult smokers among U.S states, at 24.5%.<ref>[http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/list.asp?cat=TU&yr=2008&qkey=4396&state=All Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System - Adults who are current smokers", September 19, 2008]</ref> In October 2008, a statewide survey by the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services found that only 27.5% of Missourians support a statewide ban on smoking in all bars and cocktail lounges.<ref>[http://www.dhss.mo.gov/County_level_study/header.php?cnty=929&profile_type=2&chkBox=C Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, ''County Level Survey 2007: Secondhand Smoke for Missouri Adults'', October 1, 2008]</ref> In 2007, ''[[Forbes]]'' named Missouri's largest metropolitan area, [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], America's "best city for smokers." <ref>[http://www.forbes.com/business/2007/11/01/tobacco-smoking-north-carolina-biz-cx_tvr_1101smoking.html "Best Cities for Smokers," ''Forbes Magazine'', November 1, 2007]</ref> Missouri also has one of the most permissive approaches to alcohol in the United States (see [[Alcohol laws of Missouri]]).

Revision as of 17:03, 23 June 2009

The following is a list of smoking bans in the United States. For smoking bans and restrictions outside the United States, see the worldwide list of smoking bans.

The United States Congress has not attempted to enact any nationwide federal smoking ban. Therefore, smoking bans in the United States are entirely a product of state and local criminal and occupational safety and health laws.

As further detailed in this list, smoking laws vary widely throughout the United States. Some places in the United States do not generally regulate smoking at all, some ban smoking in certain areas and not others, and some ban smoking nearly everywhere, even in outdoor areas (no state bans smoking in all public outdoor areas, but some local jurisdictions do). According to the American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation, as of April 2009 70.2% of the U.S. population lives under a ban on smoking in "workplaces, and/or restaurants, and/or bars, by either a state, commonwealth, or local law,"[1] though only 39.6% live under bans in all workplaces and restaurants and bars.[2] Of the 60 most populated cities in the United States, a smoking ban (either state, county, or local) has been enacted covering all bars and restaurants in all except these 20: Arlington, Atlanta, Detroit, Fort Worth, Indianapolis, Jacksonville, Memphis, Miami, Las Vegas, Louisville, Nashville, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, St. Louis, Tampa, Tulsa, Virginia Beach, and Wichita.[3][4]

Overview

Statewide bans on smoking in all general public places

As of June 2009, 25 states have enacted statewide bans on smoking in all enclosed public places, including bars and restaurants: Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana (effective for bars, casinos, and nightclubs October 1, 2009), Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota (effective July 1, 2009), Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin (effective July 5, 2010). Still, all but Utah, Vermont, and Washington exempt tobacconists, and many also exempt or do not cover casinos, private clubs, and/or cigar bars. In Connecticut, Oregon, Montana, South Dakota, Utah, and Wisconsin, the state law preempts local governments from enacting stricter smoking bans than the state, though some cities and/or counties in some of those states have enacted local versions of the state's smoking ban. In the other 19 states with a statewide general smoking ban, some cities and/or counties have enacted stricter local smoking bans to varying degrees.

Statewide smoking bans exempting bars

As of May 2009, seven states ban smoking in most enclosed public places, but permit adult venues such as bars (and casinos, if applicable) to allow smoking if they choose: Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Nevada, Pennsylvania, North Dakota, and Tennessee. In Florida, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, state law preempts local governments from enacting stricter smoking bans than the state, though in the other five states, some cities and/or counties have enacted stricter local smoking bans to varying degrees.

Unique statewide smoking bans

As of June 2009, five states have enacted smoking bans in particular places that do not fit in the other categories:

  • Georgia bans smoking in restaurants where persons under 18 years of age may enter, but allows most anywhere else either to designate smoking areas indoors or allow smoking freely; local governments in Georgia can and have passed stricter smoking bans than the state.
  • Idaho bans smoking in restaurants, but exempt both bars (which can be 100% smoking) and small workplaces (which can have a designated smoking area); local governments in Idaho can regulate smoking more strictly than the state, but none have done so.
  • New Hampshire bans smoking in retaurants and bars, schools, and certain common areas open to the public, but not anywhere else, and state law prohibits local governments from enacting local health-based smoking bans.
  • North Carolina (effective January 2, 2010) bans smoking in all restaurants and bars (excluding cigar bars and private clubs), as well as government buildings and vehicles, but does not regulate smoking anywhere else. Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state beginning July 5, 2009, except in the places exempted from the state law, tobacco shops, private residences/vehicles, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, and theatrical performances involving smoking.
  • In Virginia (effective December 1, 2009), smoking is banned in schools and certain common areas, but not anywhere else; in restaurants (including bars), smoking is relegated to designated smoking rooms. The state law prohibits local governments from regulating smoking more stricly than the state.

States with no statewide smoking ban

As of May 2009, 13 states have not enacted any general statewide ban on smoking in any non-government-owned spaces: Alabama, Alaska, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Instead, laws in most of these states (see individual state listings below for further information) require proprietors of certain places to designate smoking and non-smoking areas and post signage. In Oklahoma, state law prohibits local governments from regulating smoking more strictly than the state, making it the only state without any kinds of legislated smoking bans. In Michigan, per a 2001 court decision, local governments have no power to ban smoking in restaurants and bars.[5] In all the other eleven states, some cities and/or counties have enacted local smoking bans to varying degrees, and in Michigan some cities and counties have enacted local smoking bans excluding bars and restaurants.

Smoking laws and non-states

In the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, smoking is banned in all enclosed public places, including bars and restaurants. Guam prohibits smoking in restaurants, but the ban doesn't extend to workplaces, or any other businesses. American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands have no ban on smoking covering general workplaces, restaurants or bars.

Smoking bans and the U.S. federal government

Although Congress has not attempted to enact a general nationwide federal smoking ban in workplaces, several federal regulations do concern indoor smoking. Effective April 1998, smoking is banned by the United States Department of Transportation on all commercial passenger flights in the United States, and/or by American air carriers.[6] On August 9, 1997, President Bill Clinton issued Executive Order 13058, banning smoking in all interior spaces owned, rented, or leased by the Executive Branch of the Federal Government, as well as in any outdoor areas under executive branch control near air intake ducts.[7]

Smoking laws of the United States by state

  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Alabama's 2003 statewide smoking law, the Alabama Clean Indoor Air Act, generally prohibits smoking in public places and public meetings[8] unless a smoking area is designated that in certain places must be "enclosed and well ventilated."[9] Warning signs must be posted appropriately.[10] Bars, lounges, retail tobacco stores, limousines under private hire, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, and psychiatric facilities are entirely exempt from the Act's regulation.[8] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act.[11] In May 2008, a bill to enact a statewide smoking ban failed before the Alabama Legislature.[12] In April 2009, another bill to enact a statewide smoking ban was withdrawn by its author when the Alabama Senate amended it to allow smoking in bars, the bar sections of restaurants, dog tracks, and gambling halls.[13]
  • Localities in Alabama with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (17 total):
    • Atmore, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Auburn, October 2006, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Bayou La Batre, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Citronelle, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Daphne, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Decatur, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • East Brewton, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Fairfield, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Flomaton, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Gulf Shores, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Headland, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Homewood, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Luverne, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Orange Beach, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Oxford, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Phenix City, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Talladega, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
  • Localities in Alabama with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (12 total):
    • Bay Minette, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or other enclosed workplaces[14]
    • Birmingham, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or other enclosed workplaces[14]
    • Center Point, banned in all enclosed workplaces, exempting bars and restaurants[4]
    • Cottonwood, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or other enclosed workplaces[14]
    • Fairhope, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Foley, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Geneva, banned in all enclosed workplaces, exempting bars and restaurants[4]
    • Northport, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or othe enclosed workplaces[14]
    • Opelika, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Opp, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or other enclosed workplaces[14]
    • Prichard, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Robertsdale, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Alaska's statewide smoking law generally requires the designation of smoking and nonsmoking areas and warning signage in most enclosed workplaces and public places. Smoking is prohibited only in: (1) schools during school hours, except in designated areas where minors cannot be present, (2) meetings of state or local government public bodies, (3) non-psychiatric hospitals, health care facilities, and doctors' offices, and (4) elevators.[15] In (1) public transportation vehicles and depots, (2) workplaces, government offices, and places of entertainment or recreation, (3) universities or adult daycare facilities, (4) courtrooms or jury deliberation rooms, (5) state capitol chambers when not in session, (6) residential healthcare facilities and psychiatric facilities, (7) restaurants that seat more than 50 people, (8) grocery/food stores, (9) places of employment posting a sign stating that smoking is prohibited by law, (10) correctional facilities, and (11) the Alaska Pioneers' Home or the Alaska Veterans' Home,[16] a smoking area may be designated, with no limit on its size,[17][18], but must post appropriate warning signage.[19] All other places are entirely exempt from regulation. The Alaska state smoking law is silent as to whether cities can regulate smoking more stringently.
  • Localities in Alaska with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (3 total):
  • Localities in Alaska with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (4 total):
    • Barrow, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Dillingham, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Fairbanks, banned in all workplaces, excluding bars and restaurants[4]
    • Sitka, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On May 1, 2007, the Smoke Free Arizona Act (Proposition 201) went into effect after passage by 54.7% of voters the prior November, banning smoking in all enclosed workplaces and within 20 feet of an entrance or exit of such a place, including bars and restaurants, only exempting private residences, retail tobacco stores, private clubs, smoking associated with Native American religious ceremonies, outdoor patios, and stage/film/television performances; local governments may enact stricter regulations than the state.[23][24]
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: On July 21, 2006, the Arkansas Clean Indoor Air Act of 2006 went into effect, banning smoking in all enclosed workplaces in Arkansas, exempting only private residences, hotel and motel rooms designated as smoking rooms, workplaces with fewer than three employees, retail tobacco stores, desigated areas in nursing homes, outdoor areas, workplaces of tobacco manufacturers (and importers and wholesalers), restaurants and bars that do not allow patrons younger than 21, and gaming floors of operations regulated by the Arkansas Racing Commission.[25] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state law.[26] At the same time, the Arkansas Protection from Secondhand Smoke for Children Act of 2006 went into effect, prohibiting smoking in a motor vehicle carrying a child under age six years old who weighs less than 60 pounds and is in a car seat.[27]
  • Localities in Arkansas with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (1 total):
    • Fairfield Bay, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
  • Localities in Arkansas with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (3 total):
    • Fayetteville, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Highfill, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Pine Bluff, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other enclosed workplaces[4]
  • Statewide smoking ban: Since January 1, 1995, smoking has been banned in all enclosed workplaces in California and within 20 feet of such places, including restaurants and bars (bars were excluded until January 1, 1998), exempting only the following areas: workplaces with five or fewer employees (as long as all workers consent and persons under 18 are prohibited from the smoking area), 65% of the guest rooms of hotels/motels, lobby areas of hotels/motels designated for smoking (not to exceed 25% of the total lobby floor area or, if the lobby area is 2,000 square feet or less, not to exceed 50% of the total lobby floor area), meeting and banquet rooms except while food or beverage functions are taking place (including set-up, service, and clean-up activities or when the room is being used for exhibit activities), retail or wholesale tobacco shops and private smokers lounges (i.e. cigar bars), truck cabs/tractors if no nonsmoking employees are present, non-office warehouse facilities with more than 10,000 square feet of total floor space and 20 or fewer full-time employees working at the facility, theatrical production sites if smoking is an integral part of the story, medical research or treatment sites if smoking is integral to the research or treatment being conducted, private residences except homes licensed as family day care homes during the hours of operation and in those areas where children are present, patient smoking areas in long-term health care facilities, and employee breakrooms designated for smoking.[28] Additionally, effective January 1, 2008, smoking in a moving vehicle while in the in the presence of a minor (18 years or younger) is a misdemeanor; the charge is not serious enough to be pulled over, and only can be cited along with a stricter offense, such as a moving violation or traffic accident.[29][30] Local jurisdictions may regulate smoking more strictly than the state. Many California communities have established smoke-free registries for private residential apartment buildings, which range from complexes where smoking is entirely prohibited (whether inside private dwellings or outside) to those where certain sections of dwellings may be designated as smoking dwellings. Most California cities allow landlords to regulate smoking at will.
    • Belmont, October 9, 2007, banned in parks and other public places, as well as inside apartments and condominiums.[31]
    • Berkeley, March 26, 2008, banned on all commercially zoned sidewalks[4][5]
    • Beverly Hills, October 1, 2007, banned in all outdoor dining areas[32].
    • Burbank, April, 2007, banned in most public places including Downtown Burbank, outdoor dining & shopping areas, parks, service lines and within 20 feet of all building entrances/exits. [6].
    • Calabasas, 2006, banned in all indoor and outdoor public places, except for a handful of scattered, designated outdoor smoking areas in town. Believed to be the strictest ban in the United States.[33]
    • El Cajon, August 14, 2007, banned on city streets, in outdoor patios in restaurants, and outside of the local shopping mall. Anyone caught smoking in public areas will faces a fine of up to $500. The city previously outlawed smoking in parks, and also requires businesses that sell tobacco products to obtain a city license.[34]
    • Glendale, October 7, 2008, banned smoking[7] in/on and within 20 feet from: all city property (except streets and sidewalks); city vehicles and public transportation vehicles; city public transit stations; places of employment; enclosed public places; non-enclosed public places; and common areas of multi-unit rental housing. Some of the areas where smoking is prohibited are authorized to have smoking-permitted areas, subject to regulations. Also, landlords in Glendale are required to provide disclosure to a prospective renter, prior to signing a lease, as to the location of possible sources of second-hand smoke, relative to the unit that they are renting.[citation needed]
    • Loma Linda, July 25, 2008 banned on all sidewalks, streets, common areas in shopping centers, bus stops, parks, restaurant patios, theaters, City Hall, and 80% of motel rooms and apartment units. Exempts the federally-controlled VA hospital grounds, and smoking in cars traveling in the city.[35]
    • Los Angeles, 2007, banned in all city parks.[citation needed]
    • Pasadena, October 27, 2008, banned smoking in certain outdoor areas, including shopping malls, unenclosed areas of bars and restaurants, swervice waiting lines (e.g. ATMs, bus stops, etc.) and within 20 feet from them, and within 20 feet of doorways, windows, or ventilation areas of enclosed places where smoking is banned.[36]
    • San Diego, July 11, 2006, banned smoking at all City of San Diego beaches and parks, including all beaches from La Jolla to Sunset Cliffs.[citation needed]
    • San Jose, October 2007, banned in all city parks.[citation needed]
    • San Luis Obispo, August 2, 1990, became the first city in the world to ban smoking in all public buildings.[37]
    • Santa Monica, 2006, banned smoking within 20 feet of entrances, exits or operable windows of a public building (such as City Hall and the courthouse), in local parks (including parking lots), on the Third Street Promenade, on local beaches and on the Santa Monica Pier (except within designated zones).[citation needed] City Council passed law that prohibits smoking in ALL common areas of a multi-family residential building including condominiums.[citation needed] Law went into effect February 26, 2009.[citation needed]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On July 1, 2006, the Colorado Clean Indoor Air Act went into effect, banning smoking in all enclosed workplaces statewide, including bars, restaurants, and casinos.[38]. The Act only exempts private residences and automobiles unless used for the public transportation of children or as part of healthcare or daycare, limousines under private hire, hotel/motel rooms designated as smoking rooms, retail tobacco stores, cigar bars, designated areas in airports, outdoor areas, workplaces not open to the public where the employer employs three or fewer employees, private nonresidential buildings on a farm or ranch that has annual gross income of less than $500,000, designated areas in nursing homes.[39] Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state.[40]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On October 1, 2003, the Clean Indoor Air Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Connecticut, including restaurants and bars (bars, cafes, and bowling alleys were exempt until April 1, 2004.[41] The Act exempts correctional and psychiatric facilities, public housing projects, private clubs whose liquor permit was issued on or before May 1, 2003, areas of businesses where tobacco products are developed and tested, and cigar bars (a business that has a liquor permit and generated at least 10% of its 2002 gross income from on-site sales of tobacco products or humidor rentals and has not changed its size or location after December 31, 2002).[41] If a business has five or fewer employees (except bars and restaurants), the employer and all employees can agree to designate 20% of the place's enclosed space as a smoking area, provided that it is separately ventilated and adequate breakroom space for nonsmokers is allocated.[41] Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking at all.[41]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On November 1, 2002, the Clean Indoor Air Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Delaware, including bars, restaurants, and casinos.[42] The Act exempts private homes and automobiles not used for childcare or daycare or the public transportation of children, rented social halls while being rented, limousines under private hire, hotel/motel rooms designated as smoking rooms, fundraising activities sponsored by a ambulance or fire company while on property owned or leased by the company, fundraising activities sponsored by a fraternal benefit society taking place upon property owned or leased by the society.[42] Local governments can regulate smoking more strictly than the state,[42] though as of April 2009 none have done so.[4]
  • Districtwide smoking ban: Effective January 2007, smoking is banned in bars, restaurants and other public places in the District of Columbia; exempts outdoor areas, designated hotel/motel rooms, retail tobacco stores, cigar bars, hookah bars, and business that can show they receive 10% or more of their annual revenue from tobacco sales, excluding cigarette machines.[43]
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: On July 1, 2003, smoking was banned statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Florida, exempting private residences, retail tobacco shops, designated smoking rooms in hotels/motels, stand-alone bars with no more than 10% of revenue from food sales, rooms used for quit-smoking programs and medical research, and designated smoking areas in customs transit areas under the authority of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.[44] Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking.[45]
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: On July 1, 2005, the Smokefree Air Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Georgia, including most restaurants, except as otherwise designated.[46]. The Act exempts designated smoking areas in non-work areas of businesses that are separately ventilated, bars and restaurants where persons under 18 years of age are employed or are permitted to enter, separately enclosed smoking rooms in any bar or restaurant, private residences not used as healthcare or child daycare facilities, hotel/motel rooms designated as smoking rooms, retail tobacco stores, nursing homes, outdoor areas, designated areas in international airports, workplaces of a tobacco manufacturer or other tobacco business, privately-owned meeting and assembly rooms during private functions where persons under 18 are not allowed, and areas of private places of employment (other than medical facilities) that are open to the general public by appointment only.[47] Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state.[48]
  • Localities in Georgia with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (7 total):
    • Athens, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Buena Vista, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Effingham County, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Gainesville, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Morrow, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Snellville, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Tift County, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
  • Localities in Georgia with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (13 total):
    • Berkeley Lake, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Columbia County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Cordele, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Decatur, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • DeKalb County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Douglas, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Douglas County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Douglasville, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Loganville, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Madison, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Peachtree City, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Tifton, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Valdosta, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
  • Territorywide partial smoking ban: On February 6, 2007, the Natasha Protection Act went into effect after the Supreme Court of Guam lifted an injunction on it, banning smoking in all restaurants, as well as in bars that double as restaurants between 4:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m.; the ban does not cover either stand-alone bars or workplaces in general.[49]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On November 16, 2006, smoking was banned statewide in all enclosed or partially enclosed workplaces in Hawaii, including the indoor and outdoor portions of all restaurants and bars.[50] The law exempts private residences not used as a healthcare or daycare facility, hotel/motel rooms designated as smoking rooms, retail tobacco stores, designated rooms in nursing homes, outdoor places of employment not part of bars or restaurants, any place where smoking is part of a production being filmed, and state correctional facilities.[51] Smoking is prohibited within 20 feet of the entrance/exit of a place where the law prohibits smoking indoors.[52] Fines range from $50 for a person caught smoking in violation of the law, to between $100 and $500 for an establishment caught allowing smoking in violation of the law.[53] Counties may regulate smoking more strictly than the state.[54]
  • Hawaii County, March 13, 2008, banned in public recreational areas, such as parks and beaches.[citation needed]
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: On July 1, 2004, the Clean Indoor Air Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed public places, except in bars, retail tobacco stores, private clubs, designated smoking rooms in hotels/motels, theatrical productions, areas of owner-operated businesses with no employees besides the owner that not open to the general public, offices (other than childcare facilities) within private homes, veterans homes, designated breakrooms in businesses with fewer than five employees (as long as they are separately ventilated and minors are not allowed in that room).[55] Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state,[56] though as of April 2009 none have done so.[4]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On January 1, 2008, the Smoke Free Illinois Act went into effect, banning smoking in all enclosed workplaces, including bars, restaurants, and casinos, and within 15 feet of such places; exempts retail tobacco stores, private and semiprivate rooms in nursing homes occupied exclusively by smokers, designated smoking rooms in hotels/motels, and private residences.[57] Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state.[57]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Indiana's 1993 statewide smoking law, the Clean Indoor Air Law, generally prohibits smoking in state government buildings, schools, healthcare facilites, fire and police stations, childcare and daycare facilities, healthcare provider offices, retail areas of grocery and drug stores designated as nonsmoking, dining areas of restaurants designated as nonmoking, and school buses during school hours or when transporting children.[58] In state government buildings, schools, healthcare facilities, fire and police stations, childcare and daycare facilities, and healthcare provider offices, the proprietor may designate a smoking area, but does not have to, and in either case must post warning signage as appropriate.[58] The law covers no other places, and the state is empowered to grant waivers from this law.[58] Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state law.[58] Attempts in the Indiana General Assembly to ban smoking statewide have failed three times, first in April 2007 when the Indiana Senate removed a smoking ban from a health care funding bill which had been passed by the Indiana House of Representatives, again in January 2008, when a proposed statewide smoking ban introduced by State Rep. Charlie Brown died in a House committee without a vote or debate,[59] and then again in April 2009 when another proposed statewide smoking ban introduced by Rep. Brown was passed by the House by a vote of 70-26 after being amended to exempt restaurants, bars, and casinos, and then did not receive a committee hearing in the Senate.[60]
  • Localities in Indiana with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (9 total):
  • Localities in Indiana with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (23 total):
  • Localities in Indiana that rejected a smoking ban in some manner (3 total):
    • Clarksville, December 11, 2007, rejected ban on smoking in all places open to the public[62]
    • Ligonier, November 2007 rejected ban on smoking in all buildings open to the public[63]
    • New Haven, rejected ban; instead, passed law requiring businesses permitting smoking to post exterior signage stating their smoking policy.[citation needed]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On July 1, 2008, the Smokefree Air Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all workplaces in Iowa, including restaurants and bars, as well as the outdoor areas of schools, stadia, restaurants, public transit areas (including bus shelters), schools, and parks owned by the state or a local government.[64] The Act exempts private residences while not being used as a childcare or healthcare facility, outdoor areas where smoking is not specifically prohibited, hotel/motel rooms designated as smoking rooms, retail tobacco stores, private and semiprivate rooms in nursing homes occupied by smokers, private clubs, limousines under private hire, private work vehicles where only one employee is located, places where a quit-smoking program is taking place, farm vehicles, casino gaming floors, the state-run veterans' home in Marshalltown, and designated areas of correctional facilities.[65] Fines for individuals found in violation of the Smokefree Air Act are $50 per violation.[66] Fines for businesses range anywhere from $100 to $500 for each violation with the eventual possibility of revocation of liquor and/or business license for habitually offending businesses.[66]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Kansas's 1987 statewide smoking law generally prohibits smoking in any enclosed area to which the public is invited or in which the public is permitted, except in designated smoking areas,[67] which are not limited in size, but in either case (smoking or nonsmoking) must post warning signage as appropriate.[68] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state,[69] and the Kansas Supreme Court reiterated this in 2007 upon a bar owner's challenge to Lawrence's smoking ban.[70] The Kansas Legislature twice has rejected a statewide smoking ban in all public places, once in January 2007 and again in August 2007.[71] A third attempt failed when it was not passed by the end of the legislative year in May 2008.[72] A fourth attempt failed when it was indefinitely tabled by a House committee in March 2009, after having been passed by the Senate.[73]
  • Localities in Kansas with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (24 total):
    • Bel Aire, banned in bars and restaurants, but not other workplaces[4]
    • Emporia, March 4, 2009, banned in restaurants and bars, but not in all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Fairway, January 1, 2006, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Garden City, January 8, 2007, banned in bars and restaurants, but not all other workplaces[4]; also banned in private clubs[citation needed]
    • Harvey County, January 1, 2008, banned in all workplaces, including restaurants and bars in unincorporated areas of Harvey County, and within 20 feet (6.1 m) of the entrances to those places.[74]
    • Hesston, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Johnson County, April 1, 2007, banned in all bars and restaurants in unincorporated areas of the county, but not in all other workplaces[75]
    • Lawrence, July 1, 2004, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Leawood, January 2, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Lenexa, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Maize, banned in bars and restaurants, but not all other workplaces[4]
    • Manhattan, January 3, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Mission, September 1, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants; also banned within 20 feet of entrances and windows of such facilities[76]
    • Newton, January 1, 2008, banned in the indoor areas of all public workplaces, including restaurants and bars, and within 20 feet (6.1 m) of the entrances to those places[77]
    • North Newton, January 1, 2008, banned in the indoor areas of all public workplaces, including restaurants and bars, and within 20 feet (6.1 m) of the entrances to those places[78]
    • Olathe, November 16, 2006, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4] but exempting private clubs and fraternal clubs.[citation needed]
    • Overland Park, January 2, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants and bars, private clubs, and bowling alleys; exempts outdoor patio areas of restaurants.[79]
    • Prairie Village, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Pratt County, banned in all enclosed workplaces in unincorporated areas of the county, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Roeland Park, May 17, 2006, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Salina, May 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants.[80]
    • Walton, banned in bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • Westwood, February 1, 2008, banned all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants and bars, and within 25 feet (7.6 m) of the entrances to those places.[81]
    • Winfield, January 2, 2008, banned in bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
  • Localities in Kansas with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (6 total):
    • Abilene, August 29, 2005, banned in all restaurants, not including bars [4] and bowling alleys[citation needed]
    • Derby, January 1, 2009, banned in all workplaces; exempts restaurants and bars unless Wichita passes a smoking ban affecting such establishments.[citation needed]
    • Kansas City, (see Wyandotte County, below) (not the same as Kansas City, Missouri)
    • Ottawa, June 1, 2008, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Shawnee, January 2, 2008, banned in all workplaces including many restaurants and private clubs, but exempts 25% of hotel rooms and any establishments that derive less than 33% of their gross annual revenues from food sales.[4]
    • Wichita, September 4, 2008, prohibited in places of business where minors under 18 are allowed, incluing restaurants, retail stores, office buildings, medical facilities, daycares, theaters, banks, bars, manufacturing plants, vehicle repair shops, public areas of hotels and motels, wholesale business services, warehouses and home-based businesses; businesses may allow smoking if they have smoking rooms enclosed on all sides by solid, impermeable walls or windows extending from the floor to ceiling and must have self-closing doors and maintain a negative air pressure (meaning more air is exhausted from the room than is directly supplied by the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system) and cannot be returned to the HVAC system, and no person under 18 can be allowed in such smoking rooms.[82]
    • Wyandotte County (containing Kansas City, Kansas), February 16, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants; exempts private clubs, retail tobacco shops, casinos, racetracks, and any business that pays $250 per year to obtain a license to allow smoking[83] As of May 4, 2009, of the 316 restaurants and bars in Wyandotte County, 69 have purchased a smoking license.[84]
  • Localities in Kansas that rejected a smoking ban in some manner (4 total):
  • No commonwealthwide smoking ban. Instead, in Kentucky, the only commonwealthwide laws dealing with smoking prohibit smoking in government offices, universities, and the state capitol, except in designated smoking areas.[89][90] In 2004, the Kentucky Supreme Court ruled that the state's food and tobacco sales laws do not preempt cities and counties from enacting smoking regulations of any kind.[91]
  • Localities in Kentucky with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (13 total):
  • Localities in Kentucky with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (6 total):
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: On January 1, 2007, SB 742 went into effect, banning smoking in all schools, workplaces, and public places, including restaurants.[93] The law exempts bars (food establishments where the majority of sales are derived from alcohol), private residences and automobiles except those when used as a healthcare or childcare facility, limousines under private hire, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, retail tobacco shops, outdoor areas, private and semiprivate rooms of nursing homes occupied exclusively by smokers, casino gaming floors, workplaces of tobacco-related businesses such as manufacturers and distributors, convention and banquet facilities rented out to a private party, designated areas in nursing homes, and correctional facilities (until August 1, 2009).[93] Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state,[93] though as of April 2009 no local government in Louisiana bans smoking in all bars and restaurants.[4] On June 2, 2009, the Louisiana House of Representatives rejected ending the exemption for bars and casinos by a vote of 79-21.[94]
    • Gibsland, banned in all enclosed workplaces, exempting bars and restaurants[4]
    • Grambling, banned in all enclosed workplaces, exempting bars and restaurants[4]
    • Lafayette, banned in all enclosed workplaces, exempting bars and restaurants[4]
    • Lafayette Parish, banned in all enclosed workplaces, exempting bars and restaurants[4]
    • Mandeville, June 10, 2005, banned in public places, workplaces, virtually all areas of public parks, and restaurants without a liquor license; exempts bars and any restaurants with a liquor license.[4]
    • Sulphur, banned in all enclosed workplaces, exempting bars and restaurants[4]
  • Statewide smoking ban: Effective January 1, 2004, laws from 1985 and 1999 were expanded such that smoking is banned statewide in all workplaces and public places in Maine, including bars and restaurants.[95] The law exempts places open to the public during hours when it is closed, stage performances involving smoking, smoking for religious rituals, factories where labor unions have contracted to have smoking areas, designate areas in hospitals, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, private residences except when used as a childcare or healthcare facility, beano and bingo halls, tobacco specialty stores, and off-track betting parlors that were in existence on June 30, 2003.[95] The state law is silent as ot whether local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state, though as of April 2009 no local government in Maine has done so.[4] Effective September 1, 2008, smoking is banned in any car when a person under the age of 16 is present, though no driver may be pulled over or searched solely for violation of this law.[96]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On February 1, 2008, the Maryland Clean Indoor Air Act of 2007 went into effect, banning smoking in all public transportation vehicles, enclosed public places, and enclosed wokplaces, including bars, restaurants, and private clubs.[97] The Act exempts private residences and vehicles while not being used as a childcare or healthcare facility, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, retail tobacco stores, other tobacco-related workplaces such as importers and distributors, facilities where smoking research is conducted, psychiatric facilities, long-term care facilities, hospitals where a doctor has authorized a patient to smoke, and any business that has applied for and received a waiver allowing smoking (though all waivers expire on January 1, 2011).[97] Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state, though not less stricly.[97]
  • Commonwealthwide smoking ban: Effective July 1, 2004, smoking is banned in all enclosed public places and workplaces, including restaurants and bars.[98] The law exempts private clubs when not open to the public, private residences except when used as a business for healthcare or childcare, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, retail tobacco stores, licensed cigar or hookah bars, stage performances involving smoking, places where smoking-related scientific research is occurring, religious ceremonies involving smoking, outdoor areas, designated areas in nursing homes as approved by the state, and other tobacco-related workplaces such as farms and distributors.[98] Local governments and boards of health may regulate smoking more strictly than the state.[98]
    • Boston, February 9, 2009, banned by the Boston Public Health Commission on outside patios of bars and restaurants; also banned on February 9, 2019 (10 years later than the other new restrictions) in cigar and hookah bars, unless the establishment obtains an additional 10-year exemption. Additionally, smoking is now banned in all hotel rooms in the city of Boston. Tobacco products were no longer able to be sold in pharmacies and stores having pharmacies within. [99]
    • Freetown, Massachusetts, January 1 2004, banned in all businesses, including private clubs[citation needed]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Michigan's 1987 statewide smoking law, the Michigan Clean Indoor Air Act, generally prohibits smoking only in schools and childcare facilities,[100] as well as healthcare facilities (including doctor's offices).[101] Beyond those places, in other places to which the public is invited or permitted and in public meeting, smoking is prohibited except in designated smoking areas,[102] which are not limited in size but in which warning signs must be appropriately posted.[103] These requirements do not apply to restaurants, bars, private schools after school hours, or rented social halls while under control of the renter.[102] Restaurants seating fewer than 50 people can have up to 75% of their enclosed area designated as a smoking area, and restaurants seating 50 or more people can have up to 50% designated as a smoking area.[104] Bars may allow smoking without limitation, and seats in restaurant bars are excluded from the seat count for restaurants to determine its maximum allowed smoking area.[104] In 2001, the Michigan Court of Appeals ruled that the state law's restaurant and bar smoking provisions preempt local jurisdictions from enacting a complete ban on smoking in bars and restaurants.[5] In so holding, the Court invalidated Marquette's restaurant smoking ban. Proposed statewide smoking bans seeking to overturn this decision have failed twice in Michigan, when the Michigan Legislature adjourned for the session without deciding it, after having bounced differing versions between the Michigan Senate and the Michigan House of Representatives, first in June 2008,[105] and then in December 2008.[106] In April 2009, a proposed smoking ban was dropped from the legislative calendar when the Speaker of the House decided that "jobs and the budget are more important right now."[107]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On October 1, 2007, the Freedom to Breathe Act went into effect, expanding the existing Clean Indoor Air Act of 1975 so as to ban smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Minnesota, including public transportation, bars, and restaurants.[111]. The Act exempts designated rooms in nursing homes, designated areas in psychiatric facilities, places where scientific studies related to smoking occur, private homes and residences not in use as a place of employment, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, retail tobacco shops, heavy commercial vehicles, farm vehicles and construction equipment, buildings on family farms, the Minnsota disabled veterans' rest camp, smoking by Native Americans as part of a traditional spiritual or cultural ceremony, stage performances involving smoking, and outdoor areas.[112] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state.[113]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Mississippi's 2006 statewide smoking law, the Clean Indoor Air Act, prohibits smoking only inside any state or local government building (except designated areas in the state's veterans' homes) or inside any university or college classroom building.[114] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act.[115]
  • Localities in Mississippi with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (22 total):
    • Aberdeen, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Amory, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Clinton, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[14]
    • Collins, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[14]
    • Ecru, banned in bars and restaurants, but not in all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Floria, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Greenwood, August 23, 2007, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Grenada, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • Hattiesburg, January 1, 2007, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Hernando, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Kosciusko, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Laurel, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Mantachie, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[14]
    • Mayersville, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Metcalfe, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Oxford, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Petal, banned in nearly all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Pontotoc, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Ridgeland, July 20, 2007, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Starkville, May 20, 2006, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
    • Summit, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[14]
    • Tupelo, October 2006, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
  • Localities in Mississippi with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (6 total):
    • Corinth, November 2007, banned in all city-owned facilities, enclosed workplaces, and some outdoor areas, by vote of the Board of Aldermen[116]; does not include all bars[4]**Gulfport, May 1, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, except bars and casinos.[117]
    • Jackson, February 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces except "stand alone bars"[118]
    • Picayune, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Walls, June 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • West, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
  • Localities in Mississippi that rejected a smoking ban in some manner (1 total):
    • Lucedale, December, 2007, rejected a ban on smoking in all enclosed workplaces[119]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Missouri's 1992 statewide smoking law, the Indoor Clean Air Act, prohibits smoking in all enclosed public places (including workplaces) and public meetings, except in designated smoking areas, which may occupy no more than 30% of the place's enclosed area.[120] Warning signs must be appropriately posted either way.[121] Local governments may prohibit smoking in schools, child daycare facilities, and school buses,[122] as well as in public places.[120] Bars, restaurants that seat fewer than 50 people, bowling alleys, billiard parlors, retail tobacco shops, rooms and halls used for private social functions, limousines and taxicabs where the driver and all passengers agree to smoking, stage performances including smoking, indoor sports stadiums seating more than 15,000 people, and private residences "are not considered a public place".[123] On May 21, 2009, the Missouri Court of Appeals heard arguments over whether Kansas City's 2008 local ban on smoking in bars and billiard parlors is preempted because it conflicts with this state law. On June 23, 2009, the Missouri Court of Appeals ruled that despite this state law, Kansas City was not preempted from banning smoking in bars and billiard parlors locally, effectively authorizing cities in Missouri to enact whatever smoking regulations they desire.[124]
    • The only two proposals for a statewide smoking ban ever put before the Missouri General Assembly, Senate Bills 1079 (2008) and 309 (2009), both by Senator Joan Bray, had no cosponsors and little support, and failed without even receiving a hearing before a Missouri Senate committee.[125][126] A further proposal in 2009 by Rep. Joe Fallert to amend the Constitution of Missouri to ban smoking also failed the same way before the Missouri House of Representatives.[127] A bill to tax all non-smoke-free buinesses .1% of their revenue failed in May 2009 when it was not put up for a vote in a House committee.[128]
    • As of June 2009, Missouri has the second-lowest cigarette excise taxes in the United States (behind only South Carolina) at 17 cents per pack,[129] and the electorate voted in 2002 and 2006 to keep it that way.[130] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2008 Missouri had the fourth highest percentage of adult smokers among U.S states, at 24.5%.[131] In October 2008, a statewide survey by the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services found that only 27.5% of Missourians support a statewide ban on smoking in all bars and cocktail lounges.[132] In 2007, Forbes named Missouri's largest metropolitan area, St. Louis, America's "best city for smokers." [133] Missouri also has one of the most permissive approaches to alcohol in the United States (see Alcohol laws of Missouri).
  • Localities in Missouri with a smoking ban that includes all bars and restaurants (9 total):
    • Ballwin, January 2, 2006, banned in all workplaces, including bars, and restaurants; exempts private clubs with no employees.[134][135]
    • Chillicothe, January 1, 2008, banned in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants, by City Council vote of 4-1, after 56% of voters approved of the idea in a referendum; exempts separately-ventilated offices occupied exclusively by smokers.[136][137]
    • Columbia, January 9, 2007, banned in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants; exempts rented social halls, separately-ventilated offices occupied exclusively by smokers, stage performances, retail tobacco shops, and private clubs with no employees.[138][139]
    • Independence, March 17, 2007, banned in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants, per referendum in November 2006; exempts private and semiprivate rooms in nursing homes occupied exclusively by smokers.[140][141]
    • Kansas City, June 7, 2008, banned in all indoor workplaces, except casino gaming floors and establishments receiving more than 80% of their revenue from tobacco but which neither sell nor serve food or beverages, after public vote of 52%-48%[142][143] but halted by the Circuit Court of Jackson County on June 4, 2008, after businesses sued Kansas City on the grounds that state law permitted them to allow smoking;[144] and then reinstated by the court on June 21, 2008.[145] On June 23, 2009, the Missouri Court of Appeals ruled that Kansas City's ban on smoking did not conflict with the state's Indoor Clean Air Act.[124]
    • Kirksville, July 1, 2007, banned in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants; exempts private clubs.[146][147]
    • Lee's Summit, December 8, 2006 banned in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants, per referendum in November 2006; exempts private and semiprivate rooms in nursing homes occupied exclusively by smokers, retail tobacco stores, and private clubs.[148][149]
    • Nixa, June 8, 2007, banned in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants; exempts rented social halls, taxicabs and limousines where both driver and passengers agree to allow smoking, stage performances, designated areas of shopping malls, retail tobacco shops, and designated employee smoking areas not accessible to the general public.[150][151]
    • North Kansas City, July 10, 2008, banned in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants; exempts casinos and retail tobacco shops[152][153][154]
  • Localities in Missouri with a smoking ban that does not include all bars and restaurants (9 total):
    • Arnold, November 1, 2004, banned in all restaurants/restaurant-bars seating 50 people or more, except in separately-ventilated smoking rooms; does not touch standalone bars or other places; exempts any establishment otherwise classified as a restaurant which receives 70% or more of its revenue from alcohol sales[155][156]
    • Belton, August 5, 2009, banned in all enclosed public places and workplaces, by public vote in April 2009; exempts business vehicles where all occupants agree to allow smoking, any businesses occupied exclusively by one smoker, private and semiprivate rooms in nursing homes, retail tobacco stores, and private clubs; all existing businesses that allow smoking are exempt until August 5, 2012; existing bars and restaurants that allow smoking are exempt until August 5, 2016.[157]
    • Blue Springs, May 1, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including most restaurants; exempts bars, restaurants that seat less than 50 people, restaurants which receive less than 60% of their revenue from food sales, bowling alleys, bingo halls during bingo games, rented social halls, private dances open to the public, and retail tobacco shops.[158][159]
    • Gladstone, May 24, 2009, banned by City Council vote of 4-1 in all enclosed workplaces and city parks; exempts any business existing and licensed to serve liquor on January 1, 2009, that customarily allows smoking and remains under the same ownership; further exempts all bars, taverns, restaurants seating less than 50 people, billiard parlors, bowling alleys, retail tobacco shops, rented social halls, taxicabs and limousines where both driver and passengers agree to allow smoking, stage performances involving smoking, private clubs, private and semiprivate rooms in nursing homes occupied exclusively by smokers, and a percentage of hotel and motel rooms.[160][161]
    • Liberty, March 9, 2010, banned in all workplaces and in public parks, by City Council vote of 5-4; exempts all bars, taverns, restaurants seating less than 50 people, billiard parlors, bowling alleys, retail tobacco shops, rented social halls, taxicabs and limousines where both driver and passengers agree to allow smoking, stage performances involving smoking, and private clubs.[162][163][164]
    • Maryville, June 2003, banned in restaurants (does not include bars), except those which receive 50% or more of their gross revenues from alcohol.[165]
    • Raymore, August 22, 2008, banned in all public places and within 100 feet of the entrance to public places (except on outdoor patios), including most restaurants; exempts bars, restaurants which have bars, private clubs, stage performances, restaurants which seat fewer than 50 people, bowling alleys, billiard parlors, taxicabs and limousines where both driver and passengers agree to allow smoking, and retail tobacco shops.[166]
    • Parkville, April 7, 2011, banned in all enclosed public places and workplaces by Board of Aldermen; exempts all bars, taverns, restaurants seating less than 50 people, billiard parlors, bowling alleys, retail tobacco shops, rented social halls, taxicabs and limousines where both driver and passengers agree to allow smoking, stage performances involving smoking, and private clubs.[167][168]
    • Springfield, July, 2003, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including most restaurants; exempts bars, billiard parlors, bowling alleys, bingo halls, restaurants seating less than 50 people, restaurants with alcohol sales exceeding $200,000 per year, restaurants with more than 50% proceeds from alcohol sales, separately-ventilated bar areas of restaurants, retail tobacco shops, designated smoking areas in theater lobbies, designated smoking areas in city buildings, rented social halls, taxicabs and limousines where both driver and passengers agree to allow smoking, stage performances, designated smoking areas in shopping malls, designated employee smoking areas not open to the public, private clubs, and private dining/banquet facilities.[169][170]
  • Localities in Missouri where a smoking ban or other smoking restriction was rejected in some manner (16 total):
    • Carthage, February 2, 2009, ban on smoking in all restaurants indefinitely tabled by City Council committee because it was local, rather than regional[171]
    • Chesterfield, August 2000, City Council committee unanimously rejected a ban on smoking in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants and bars[172]
    • Creve Coeur, February 2005, City Council unanimously rejected taking up the idea of any kind of local smoking ban, and instead passed a resolution asking the St. Louis County Council to ban smoking in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[173] The City Council repeated this resolution in April 2009.[174]
    • Farmington, October, 2007, mayor vetoed a ban on smoking in restaurants;[175] and the City Council rejected a ban on smoking in all workplaces in January 2008 by a vote of 6-2[176]
    • Fenton, October 2005, proposed smoking ban failed before the Board of Aldermen when enough members walked out to prevent the Board from reaching quorum;[177] in May 2009, the Board unanimously declined to take up the issue again[178]
    • Ferguson, October 2000, City Council indefinitely tabled a ban on smoking in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants, except bars, taverns, bowling alleys, and hotels[179]
    • Jefferson City, December, 2003, mayor vetoed a ban on smoking in restaurants[180]
    • Kirkwood, November 7, 2006, voters rejected a ban on smoking in all workplaces, including restaurants and bars, by a margin of 55% to 45%[181]
    • Lake Saint Louis, January 1, 2008, Board of Aldermen unanimously rejected a ban on smoking in enclosed workplaces; instead, enacted ordinance requiring businesses which allow smoking to post exterior signage stating their smoking policy, which either may be "No Smoking Permitted", "Restricted Smoking Area Available", or "Smoking Permitted"; if a business states that a "restricted smoking area is provided," that area must be separately ventilated with no intrusion of smoke into the non-smoking area.[182]
    • Maryland Heights, March 2005, City Council unanimously rejected the idea of any smoking ban, and instead unanimously passed resolution urging the St. Louis County Council not to ban smoking in bars, restaurants, and other places countywide.[183]
    • Raytown, October 7, 2008, Board of Aldermen rejected even taking up the issue of a new smoking ordinance, by a vote of 6-4.[184]
    • Riverside, June 16, 2009, Board of Aldermen rejected taking up the issue of a smoking ordinance, by a vote of 4-2.[185]
    • Smithville, December 18, 2007, Board of Aldermen unanimously rejected a ban on smoking in all workplaces, including restaurants and bars[186]
    • St. Charles, May 2008, City Council rejected even taking up the issue of a ban on smoking in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants, by a vote of 6-4, and also rejected sending the proposed ban to voters[187]
    • St. Louis, April 2007, bill requiring businesses which allow smoking to post exterior signage stating their smoking policy failed when it did not receive a timely second reading before the Board of Aldermen.[188][189]
    • St. Louis County, rejected twice, first in August 2005, when the County Council voted down by 4-3 a proposed ban on smoking in all workplaces, including bars, restaurants, and casinos,[190] and again in August 2006 by the same margin, along with an ordinance mandating "smoking permitted" and "no smoking" signage by 5-2; instead, repeated by 5-2 a previous year's resolution requesting that the Missouri General Assembly take up the issue;[191][192] in December 2006, the County Council also rejected a ban on smoking at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport by a vote of 4-3.[193]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On October 1 2005, the Montana Clean Indoor Air Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed including workplaces in Montana including restaurants, though bars are exempt until October 1, 2009;[194] the word "bar" is defined in the Act as also including taverns, night clubs, cocktail lounges, and casinos.[195] The act exempts private residences not used as a daycare facility or healthcare facility, private motor vehicles, tobacco demonstrations in schools, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, and Native American religious and cultural activities.[194] Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking more stringently than the Act.[196]
    • Bozeman, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Helena, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including all bars and restaurants[4]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On June 1, 2009, the Nebraska Clean Indoor Air Act passed in February 2008 went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Nebraska, including all bars and restaurants.[197] The Act exempts tobacco retail stores, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, private residences, and places where scientific research about smoking is occurring.[198] In April 2009, the Act was amended to further exempt cigar bars, as well.[199] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act.[200]
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: On December 8, 2006, after passage by 54% of voters on November 7, 2006, the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces, including all restaurants as well as bars that serve food.[201] The Act permits smoking without limitation in areas within casinos where minors are already prohibited, stand-alone bars that do not serve food, strip clubs and brothels, retail tobacco stores, and private residences (including those that serve as an office workplace, unless used as a childcare, adult daycare, or healthcare facility).[201] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act,[201] though no city or county in Nevada has chosen to do so.[4]
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: On September 17, 2007, the Indoor Smoking Act went into effect, banning smoking in schools, child daycare facilities, hospitals, grocery stores, elevators and public conveyances (except when rented for private purposes), restaurants, bars, and private clubs when open to the public.[202] Private clubs and religious and fraternal organizations (including bars and restaurants inside these places), hotel and motel rooms, rented halls and rooms under control of the renter, college dormitory rooms, public housing, nursing homes, areas designated by hospitals, and alcohol/drug rehabilitation facilities are exempt from smoking regulation and can allow smoking indoors freely.[203] All other places must designate smoking and nonsmoking areas and post appropriate signs.[204] Towns only can regulate smoking more strictly with regard to fire safety and sanitation.[205] In 2003, the Supreme Court of New Hampshire ruled that this means state law preempts towns from enacting stricter local smoking bans for health reasons.[206]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On April 15, 2006, the New Jersey Smoke-Free Air Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in New Jersey, including all bars and restaurants, as well as outside portions of school grounds.[207] The Act exempts cigar bars, tobacco retail stores, tobacco manufacturing facilities, private residences and private automobiles, casino gaming floors, off-track betting parlors, and designated hotel/motel smoking rooms.[208] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act.[209]
    • Atlantic City, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4] as well as 75% of casino gaming floors.[210]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On June 15, 2007, the Dee Johnson Clean Indoor Air Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in New Mexico, including all bars and restaurants, as well as within fifty feet of the entrances to those places.[211][212] The Act exempts (1) private residences except when being used to provide commercial childcare, adult care, and/or healthcare, (2) retail tobacco stores, (3) cigar bars, (4) tobacco manufacturing facilities, (5) casinos, (6) quit-smoking programs, (7) designated outdoor smoking areas, (8) private clubs, (9) limousines under private hire, (10) designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, (11) enclosed areas within restaurants, bars, and hotel/motel conference/meeting rooms that are being used for private functions, (12) cultural or ceremonial activities by Native Americns, (13) non-bar/restaurant businesses with fewer than two employees that is not usually accessible to the public and all employees agree to allow smoking, and (14) stage, motion picture, or television productions involving smoking as part of the production.[213] Penalties are $100 for a first violation, $200 for a second violation within 12 months and $500 for the third and subsequent violations.[214] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act.[215]

UNM campuses will be tobacco-free August 2009[216]

  • Statewide smoking ban: Effective April 1, 2003, smoking is banned statewide in all enclosed workplaces in New York, including all bars and restaurants.[217] The law exempts (1) private homes and automobiles, (2) hotel/motel rooms, (3) retail tobacco businesses, (4) private clubs, (5) cigar bars, (6) outdoor areas of restaurants and bars, and (7) enclosed rooms in restaurants, bars, convention halls, etc., when hosting private functions organized for the promotion and sampling of tobacco products.[218] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state law.[219]
    • New York City, March 30, 2003, banned smoking in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants; exempts tobacco bars, owner-operated bars, separately ventilated smoking rooms in bars, private clubs with no employees, private functions organized for the promotion and sampling of tobacco products, and retail tobacco shops.[220] On January 21, 1908, the New York City Council had passed the Sullivan Ordinance, which would have banned women from smoking anywhere except their homes, but was vetoed by the Mayor within two weeks of its passage.
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: On January 2, 2010, after being signed into law by Governor Bev Perdue on May 19, 2009, North Carolina Session Law 2009-27 is scheduled to go into effect, banning smoking statewide in all bars and restaurants in North Carolina, as well as in government buildings and vehicles.[221] The Law exempts cigar bars, private clubs (including country clubs), designated hotel/motel smoking areas, and medical research facilities studying tobacco.[221] The Law generally allows local governments to regulate smoking more strictly beginning July 5, 2009 (as long as it is approved by the county, too), but preempts local governments from regulating smoking in cigar bars, retail tobacco shops, tobacco manufacturer facilities, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, private clubs (including country clubs), theatrical productions involving smoking, private residences, or private vehicles.[221]
    • Until then, North Carolina's 1993 statewide smoking law remains in effect, allowing any place owned by the state government or a local government to be designated as a nonsmoking area, though no place is required to be entirely nonsmoking.[222] Local governments are prempted from regulating smoking, except in buildings owned/leased/occupied by local government, public meetings, the indoor space in an auditorium/arena/coliseum, libraries or museums open to the public, and any place on a public transportation vehicle owned or leased by local government and used by the public.[223]
  • Other statewide smoking regulation in North Carolina:
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: Effective August 1, 2005, smoking is banned statewide in all enclosed places of employment in North Dakota, exempting (1) bars, (2) private residences, except when operating as a childcare facility when children are present, (3) designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, (4) retail tobacco stores, (5) outdoor areas except sports arenas, (6) businesses not open to the public with no employees besides the owner, (7) any place generally open to the public but which is under control of a private party renting it and children are excluded from the function, (8) separately enclosed areas in truckstops which are accessible only to adults, and (9) Native American religious and cultural rituals.[227] The North Dakota Legislative Assembly rejected ending some of these exemptions (including the exemption for bars) in February 2007.[228] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state.[229]
  • Localities in North Dakota with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (2 total):
    • Fargo, June 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • West Fargo, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
  • Localities in North Dakota with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (4 total):
    • Bismarck, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Grafton, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[citation needed]
    • Grand Forks, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Minot, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[citation needed]
  • No commonwealthwide smoking ban.
  • Statewide smoking ban: On December 7, 2006, after passage by Ohio voters on November 7, 2006, Chapter 3794 (titled "Smoking Ban") of the Ohio Revised Code went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Ohio, including bars and restaurants.[231] The law exempts (1) private residences except when being used as a business when employees other than the owner are present, (2) designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, (3) family-owned and operated businesses not open to the public where all employees are related to the owner, (4) designated smoking areasin nursing homes, (5) retail tobacco stores, (6) outdoor patios, (7) private clubs with no employees.[231] The law is enforced by the Ohio Department of Health, which began enforcement on May 3, 2007.[231] A business may be fined up to $2,500 and individuals $100 for violation of the ban.[231] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state.[231]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Oklahoma's statewide smoking law prohibits smoking in any indoor workplaces - including restaurants and hotels - unless a separate ventilation system under negative pressure is installed for ventilating the smoking area, but permits smoking without limitation in bars, prvate clubs, bingo halls, retail tobacco stores, small family-owned workplaces, workplaces occupied exclusively by smokers, veterans' halls, and designated employee smoking areas.[232][233] The Oklahoma law expressly preempts local governments from enacting any local smoking regulations which are not exactly the same as the state law.[234] In February 2009, a committee of the Oklahoma Senate rejected a proposed ban on smoking in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants and bars, and a similar bill before the Oklahoma House of Representatives failed when it was denied a committee hearing.[235] In May 2009, a bill before the Oklahoma House of Representatives to repeal the preemption on stricter local smoking regulation failed when it did not receive a committee hearing.[236]
  • Statewide smoking ban: Effective January 1, 2009, after being signed into law on June 26, 2007, the 1981 Oregon Indoor Clean Air Act (as previously amended in 2001) was amended to ban smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Oregon, including bars and restaurants, as well as within 10 feet of the entrances, exits, or windows of such places.[237] The Act exempts (1) private residences except when serving as a childcare or adult care facility,[238] (2) designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, (3) spaces designated for traditional Native American religious and cultural ceremonies, (4) retail tobacco shops, and (5) cigar bars.[239] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act;[240] the Oregon Court of Appeals reiterated this in 2000.[241]
    • Corvallis, August 1997, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants,[4] including within 3 meters (10 ft) of entrances to such places.[citation needed]
    • Eugene, July 2001, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Philomath, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
  • Commonwealthwide partial smoking ban. Effective September 11, 2008, after being signed into law by Governor Ed Rendell on June 13, 2008, Pennsylvania's 1988 Clean Indoor Air Act was amended to ban smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Pennsylvania, except as exempted.[242] The Act exempts (1) eating/drinking establishments where 20% or less of sales come from food and persons under 18 are not allowed, (2) private homes and vehicles, except while being used as a commercial child daycare or adult care facility, (3) designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, (4) full service truck stops, (5) retail tobacco shops, (6) workplaces of tobacco manufacturers and wholesalers, (7) nursing homes, (8) designated smoking areas in day treatment facilities, psychiatric facilities, and healthcare facilities, (9) private clubs when closed to the public, including volunteer fire, ambulance, and rescue stations, (10) tobacco-related fundraisers, (11) places rented for tobacco exhibitions, (12) cigar bars, (13) 25% of a casino gaming floor, and (14) outdoor areas.[242] Local governments except Philadelphia are preempted from regulating smoking more stringently than the Act.[242]
    • Philadelphia, January 8, 2007, banned in all enclosed workplaces, exempting bars where food accounts for less than 10% of sales and alcohol accounts for more than 90% of sales, and persons under 18 are prohibited.[243] Philadelphia's ordinance is the only local smoking ban in Pennsylvania.[4]
  • Commonwealthwide smoking ban: Effective March 2, 2007, smoking is banned commonwealthwide in all enclosed workplaces in Puerto Rico, including bars and restaurants, as well as private vehicles when either a minor in a car seat or a child under 13 is present.[244] The law exempts (1) retail tobacco stores, (2) theater and film productions and presentations in which actors smoke as part of their character, (3) private homes except when serving as a workplace, and (4) designated hotel/motel smoking rooms.[245]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On March 1, 2005, the Public Health and Workplace Safety Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Rhode Island, including bars and restaurants.[246][247] The Act exempts (1) cigar bars, (2) outdoor areas, (3) private and semiprivate rooms in nursing homes, (4) retail tobacco stores, (5) stage performances involving smoking, (6) private residences, except used as a licensed child care, adult daycare, or healthcare facility,[248] and (7) parimutuel gaming floors.[249] Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the Act,[250] though as of April 2009 none have chosen to do so.[4]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, South Carolina's 1990 statewide smoking law, the Clean Indoor Air Law, generally prohibits smoking only in (1) public schools, excluding offices and teacher lounges (unless a local school board says otherwise), (2) childcare facilities, (3) healthcare facilities, except in designated employee smoking areas (unless the facilities chooses to be smoke free), (4) government buildings, except in designated employee smoking areas (and except the State Capitol and legislative office buildings), (5) elevators, (6) public transportation vehicles, and (7) public theatres and arenas, except in designated smoking areas in common areas,[251] and in any such designated smoking area warning signs must be appropriately posted.[252] The Act covers no other places. On March 31, 2008, the South Carolina Supreme Court ruled that local governments generally may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act.[253] On September 8, 2008, the South Carolina Supreme Court ruled that the maximum fine a city or town constitutionally can impose for breaking a local smoking ban is $25.[254] As of May 1, 2009, 26 local governments in South Carolina have enacted local smoking bans.[255] In May 2008, four bills before the South Carolina General Assembly that sought to ban smoking statewide in all bars and restaurants failed when they did not receive a committee hearing before the end of the legislative session.[256]
  • Localities in South Carolina with smoking bans that include all bars and restaurants (24 total as of May 1, 2009):
    • Aiken, July 14, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants; exempts any outside area that is not posted as a non-smoking area, private residences, except when used as a daycare or health care facility, hotel and motel rooms that are designated as smoking rooms, retail tobacco stores, requested private and semiprivate smoking rooms in nursing homes and long-term care facilities, private clubs except for events that admit the general public, designated outdoor smoking areas, theatrical stage productions when smoking is essential to the performance, personal vehicles, including times when they are used for employment purposes.[257]
    • Aiken County, September 16, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants.[4]
    • Beaufort, May 27, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[258]
    • Beaufort County, January 10, 2007, banned in all workplaces, including restaurants and bars, within unincorporated areas of Beaufort County.[4]
    • Camden, September 22, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Charleston, July 23, 2007, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants; exempts cigar bars, theatrical performances involving smoking, and 25% of designated hotel and motel smoking rooms.[255]
    • Clemson, July 1, 2008, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • Columbia, October 1, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Easley, January 1, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Edisto Beach, March 1, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Greenville, January 1, 2007, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4] and has placed a ban for outdoor smoking within city limits
    • Hilton Head Island, May 1, 2007, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • Isle of Palms, January 1, 2009, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • Lexington, October 3, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Mount Pleasant, September 1, 2007, banned in all bars, restaurants, and private clubs, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • North Augusta, August 1, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Pickens, May 1, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[255]
    • Richland County, October 1, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Roch Hill, May 1, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[255]
    • Sullivan's Island, July 20, 2006, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • Sumter, April 20, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Surfside Beach, October 1, 2007, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Walterboro, August 1, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • York County, May 1, 2009, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[255]
  • Localities in South Carolina with smoking bans that do not include all bars and restaurants (2 total):
  • Localities in South Carolina that rejected a smoking ban in some manner (1 total):
  • Statewide smoking ban: On July 1, 2009, 2009 H.B. 1240 is scheduled to take effect after being signed into law in March 2009, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in South Dakota, including bars and restaurants.[260] The law exempts private residences unless used for child daycare,[260] cigar bars, retail tobacco shops, and a percentage of hotel and motel rooms.[261] Until then, South Dakota's 2002 Clean Indoor Air Act remains in effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces except private residences, bars, restaurants, retail tobacco stores, hotel/motel rooms, liquor stores, and casino gaming floors.[262] Both the 2009 and 2002 laws are silent as to whether local governments may regulate smoking more stringetly, though as of April 2009 no local governments in South Dakota have done so.
    • On June 22, 2009, a group of casino and video lottery operators presented the Secretary of State with a petition for a referendum over H.B. 1240 that they claimed to bear 25,000 signatures.[263] If the Secretary declares 16,776 of the signatures valid, then H.B. 1240 would not go into effect on July 1, and would not at all unless passed in a public referendum to be held in November 2010.[263]
  • Statewide partial smoking ban: On July 1, 2007, after being signed into law in May 2007, the Non-Smoker Protection Act went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Tennessee, except as exempted.[264] The Act exempts (1) businesses, including bars and restaurants, where persons under 21 are prohibited, (2) designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, (3) tobacco industry-related facilities, (4) outdoor areas and areas with an open garage door, (5) nursing homes, (6) designated smoking areas not accessible to the general public in businesses with three or fewer employees, (7) private clubs, (8) private residences and vehicles unless it is being used for child care, daycare, or public transportation of children, (9) retail tobacco stores, and (10) commercial vehices occupied solely by the operator.[265] Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act,[266] though as of April 2009 none have done so.[4]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, since 1997 Texas's statewide smoking law only prohibits smoking in activities of public schools on or off school property,[267] elevators, theatres, libraries, museums, hospitals, buses, airplanes, and trains, as long as these areas are open to the general public, unless the proprietor designates the place for smoking and posts appropriate warning signs.[268] Violation of this law is a class C misdemeanor.[268] Texas law is silent as to whether local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state. As of April 2009, 49 cities in Texas have enacted local smoking bans to varying degrees.[4]
    • Attempts to ban smoking statewide have failed twice before the Texas Legislature, first in May 2007 when a bill to ban smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants passed the Texas House of Representatives by a vote of 91-48 after being amended to allow any business owner to opt out of the ban by posting signs saying smoking is permitted, and then did not receive a vote in the Texas Senate,[269][270] and then again in May 2009, when a similar bill was passed by a Senate committee but did not receive the 21 votes necessary to reach the Senate floor.[271]
  • Localities in Texas with a smoking ban including all bars and restaurants (29 total):
  • Localities in Texas with a smoking ban that does not include all bars and restaurants (21 total):
    • Angleton, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Arlington, January 1, 2007, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces;[4] includes private clubs and outdoor areas within 50 feet (15 m) of entrance or exit of a place where smoking is banned.[citation needed]
    • Boerne, March 27, 2007, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Brenham, July 20, 2007, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]; exempts manufacturing facilities[citation needed]
    • Brownsville, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Fort Worth, January 1, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]; also exempts private clubs, bingo halls, and outdoor dining areas over 20 feet from an entrance or operable window.[276]
    • Frisco, November 18, 2006, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Harlingen, April 2, 2005, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[277]
    • Kaufman, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Kerrville, June 24, 2008, banned in bars, but not restaurants or other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Leander, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • New Braunfels, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]; also exempts private clubs[citation needed]
    • Portland, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Prosper, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Robinson, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Rockwall, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Round Rock, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • San Antonio, January 1, 2004, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants except for designated smoking areas where persons under 18 are prohibited; exempts billiard halls and bingo halls that do not serve food, comedy clubs, outdoor areas, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, private residences unless used in child/adult daycare or healthcare businesses, private and semiprivate rooms in nursing homes, rooms in any public place when being used for private functions, retail tobacco stores, stand-alone bars where persons under 18 are not admitted, and tobacco product manufacturing facilities.[278]
    • Sugar Land, January 1, 2008, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Sweeny, banned in all restaurants, but not in bars or all other enclosed workplaces[4]
    • Yoakum, May 12, 2007 voters approved a referendum banning smoking in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[citation needed]
  • Localities in Texas where a smoking ban was rejected in some manner (2 total):
    • Amarillo, May 2008, ban rejected by 238 votes in a May 2008 referendum.[279]
    • Galveston, February, 2006, rejected ban on smoking in all enclosed workplaces[280]
  • No territorywide smoking ban.
  • Statewide smoking ban: Effective January 1, 2007, as passed in March 2006, Utah's 1995 Indoor Clean Air Act was expanded to ban smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Utah, inluding bars and restaurants (bars and private clubs were exempt until January 1, 2009), exempting only (1) designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, (2) areas of owner-operated businesses with no employees besides the owner,[281] and (3) Native American religious and cultural ceremonies.[282] Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking more stringently than the Act.[283] Utah is one of the only states with a statewide smoking ban that does not exempt tobacconists.
  • Statewide smoking ban: Effective September 1, 2005, smoking is banned in all enclosed workplaces in Vermont, including all bars and restaurants,[284] except in areas of owner-operated businesses with no employees that are not open to the public, as well as in any business in separately-ventilated designated smoking areas where employees are not required to be,[285][286] although this latter exception is scheduled to end on July 1, 2009, under the terms of S.7, which Governor Jim Douglas signed into law in May 2009.[287] Vermont's smoking ban exempts designated unenclosed smoking areas in businesses where the layout of the workplace is such that smoking will not be a physical irritation to any nonsmoking employee and three-fourths of the employees in the workplace agree,[288] although S.7 is scheduled to end this exemption, too.[287] Once S.7 goes into effect, the Vermont Veterans Home in Bennington will be the only non-owner-operated workplace in the state permitted to allow smoking.[287] Vermont is one of only three states (along with Washington and Utah) with a statewide smoking ban that does not expressly exempt tobacconists, and is the only state that does not allow the designation of hotel/motel smoking rooms. Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state law.[289][290]
    • Burlington, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • South Burlington, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • Williston, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
    • Winooski, banned in all bars and restaurants, but not in all other workplaces[4]
  • Commonwealthwide partial smoking ban. On December 1, 2009, an amendment to Virginia's 1990 Indoor Clean Air Act is scheduled to take effect banning smoking statewide in enclosed public elevators, public school buses, primary and secondary schools, hospital emergency rooms, health department offices, polling places, indoor service lines and cashier lines, public restrooms in government buildings and hospitals, child daycare centers except where located in a private home, and public restrooms of health care facilities, and relegating smoking in restaurants (including bars) to separatly-ventilated designated smoking rooms.[291][292] The Act exempts private clubs, retail tobacco stores, tobacco warehouses, tobacco manufacturing facilities, prisons, designated smoking areas in government offices, food preparation facilities for catering services, restaurants located on the premises of tobacco manufacturers, rented private rooms in restaurants; requires the reasonable designation of non-smoking areas in educational facilities where smoking is not banned, hospitals, retail stores bigger than 15,000 square feet, and recreational facilities.[291] Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking more stringently than the Act.[291] Since 2006, smoking in state offices, vehicles, and buildings (except for correctional facilities) has been banned by executive order issued by the Governor of Virginia.[293]
    • Norfolk, March 25, 2008, repealed a ban on smoking in restaurants, which was passed in October 2007 but had not yet gone into effect, by City Council vote of 5-2, because the City Attorney advised the Council that its ban would violate Virginia state law and could not withstand a legal challenge.[294]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On December 8, 2005, after ratification by a majority of Washington voters in a statewide initiative referendum, an amendment to Washington's 1985 Clean Indoor Air Act became effective banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Washington, including bars and restaurants,[295] as well as within 25 feet of the entrances and exits to such places.[296] The Act exempts private enclosed workplaces[297] and private residences except when being used to provide licensed childcare, foster care, adult care, or other similar social service care.[298] Washington is one of the only states with a statewide smoking ban that does not exempt tobacconists. Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the Act,[297] and local health boards are authorized to enforce the Act locally.[299]
    • Mason County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, West Virginia's statewide smoking laws generally prohibit smoking in (1) public transportation vehicles where a "no smoking" sign is posted,[300] (2) areas of public school except teacher's lounges not accessible to students (unless a local education board rules differently),[301] (3) workplaces where a "no smoking" sign is posted,[302] (4) areas near surface magazines for explosives used in mining,[303] (5) mines and structures around mines,[304][305] (6) nonsmoking sections in bingo halls,[306] and (7) nonsmoking areas in nursing homes.[307] No West Virginia law requires the designation of nonsmoking areas generally in enclosed workplaces. In 2003, the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia ruled that county health boards may regulate smoking more stringently than the state, except in bingo halls and retirement homes.[308] As of April 2009, 44 counties and one city in West Virginia have enacted local smoking bans to varying degrees.[4] In 2008, a proposed statewide smoking ban failed in the West Virginia Legislature.[309]
  • Localities in West Virginia with a smoking ban that includes all bars and restaurants (19 total):
    • Braxton County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Calhoun County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Harrison County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Jackson County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Kanawha County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Lincoln County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Marlinton, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Ohio County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Pleasants County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Pocahontas County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Randolph County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Ritchie County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Roane County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Summers County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Tucker County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Upshur County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Wirt County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Wood County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
    • Wyoming County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including bars and restaurants[4]
  • Localities in West Virginia with a smoking ban that does not include all bars and restaurants (26 total):
    • Barbour County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Berkeley County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Boone County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Brooke County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Cabell County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Clay County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Fayette County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Grant County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Greenbrier County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Hardy County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Jefferson County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Lewis County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Marion County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Marshall County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • McDowell County, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Mercer County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Mineral County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Mingo County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Monroe County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Morgan County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
    • Nicholas County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Pendleton County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Preston County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Raleigh County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Wayne County, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
    • Webster County, banned in all enclosed workplaces, including restaurants but exempting bars[4]
  • Statewide smoking ban: On July 5, 2010, after being signed into law by Governor Jim Doyle on May 18, 2009, S.B. 181 (2009 Wisconsin Act 12) is scheduled to take effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Wisconsin, including all bars, restauants, and private clubs, as well as within a "reasonable distance" outdoors from any such place, except in bar/restaurant outdoor patios.[310] The Act will exempt only cigar bars, retail tobacco stores, private residences, designated hotel/motel smoking rooms, and rooms in nursing homes in which the occupants agree to allow smoking;[310] it does not cover casinos run by Native American tribes, as those casinos are in the tribes' sovereign territory. Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking more strictly than the Act.[310]
    • Until then, Wisconsin's 2003 statewide smoking law will remain in effect, which generally prohibits smoking only in the enclosed portions of (1) public transit vehicles, (2) educational facilities, (3) inpatient healthcare facilities (except in psychiatric faciliies or with a doctor's written permission), (4) indoor movie theatres, (5) offices, (6) passenger elevators, (7) restaurants, (8) retail establishments, (9) public waiting rooms, and (10) state and local government buildings,[311] except in designated smoking areas in any of these places except schools, daycare facilities, juvenile detention facilities, the State Capitol.[311] Warning signs must be appropriately posted either way.[311] The law further exempts (1) rooms where the main occupants are smokers, (2) rented social halls while under control of the renter, (3) bars and restaurants serving liquor, (4) higher security juvenile correction facilities, and (5) prisons.[311] Local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state,[311] and as of April 2009 13 local governments in Wisconsin have done so to varying degrees,[4] though any that are stricter than the new 2010 Act will cease to be of effect as of July 5, 2010.[310]
  • Localities in Wisconsin with a smoking ban that includes all bars and restaurants (7 total):
  • Localities in Wisconsin with a smoking ban that does not include all bars and restaurants (6 total):
    • Beloit, July 1, 2007, banned in all enclosed workplaces, except in bars and restaurants[4]
    • Fitchburg, April 1, 2008, banned in all workplaces and public places, including bars and restaurants, except two existing small taverns and one existing bowling alley until January 1, 2011, and permanently in one existing cigar bar and designated motel smoking rooms.[312]
    • Kenosha, 2000, banned in all workplaces and restaurants, except bars and restaurants with 50% or greater alcohol sales, and any restaurants with a physically separate room separating smoking from non smoking; on November 4, 2008, voters rejected expanding this to all workplaces, including all bar and restaurants.[313]
    • Menominee, September 12, 2006, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4] and Native American ceremonies.[citation needed]
    • Park Ridge, banned in all restaurants, but not bars or all other workplaces[4]
    • Stevens Point, banned in all enclosed workplaces except bars and restaurants[4]
  • Localities in Wisconsin where a smoking ban was rejected in some manner (1 total):
    • Rhinelander, April 4, 2006 voters rejected a ballot referendum that would have banned smoking in workplaces and restaurants, but exempted bars. [314]
  • No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Wyoming state law only prohibits smoking where it could cause an explosion[315][316][317] and in underground mines.[318] Wyoming has no state laws concerning indoor smoking in general, and thus local governments can regulate general indoor smoking as they see fit. As of April 2009, five cities in Wyoming have enacted local smoking bans, all covering all bars and restaurants, but varying otherwise.[4] In February 2009, a bill before the Wyoming Legislature which would have enacted a statewide ban on smoking in all enclosed workplaces, except in private offices and in bars and restaurants serving only patrons over 21 years of age (and except in any local community that chose to opt out) failed when it was passed by the Wyoming House of Representatives in a vote of 31-29 but then was denied a committee hearing in the Wyoming Senate.[319]
  • Localities in Wyoming with a smoking ban that includes all bars and restaurants (5 total):
  • Localities in Wyoming with a smoking ban that does not include all bars and restaurants (2 total):

See also

References

  1. ^ "Overview List – How many Smokefree Laws?", Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights, April 20, 2009
  2. ^ "Summary of 100% Smokefree State Laws and Population Protected by 100% U.S. Smokefree Laws", Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights, April 20, 2009
  3. ^ "States, Commonwealths, and Municipalities with 100% Smokefree Laws in Workplaces, Restaurants, or Bars", American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundatin
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk "Municipalities with Local 100% Smokefree Laws", American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation, April 20, 2009
  5. ^ a b Michigan Restaurant Ass'n v. City of Marquette, 626 N.W.2d 418 (Mich. App. 2001)
  6. ^ 13 C.F.R. Part 252
  7. ^ EXECUTIVE ORDER 13058, August 9, 1997
  8. ^ a b Ala. Code § 22-15A-4
  9. ^ Ala. Code § 22-15A-6
  10. ^ Ala. Code § 22-15A-7
  11. ^ Ala. Code § 22-15A-10
  12. ^ "Time runs out in Alabama Legislature on statewide smoking ban", The Birmingham News, May 20, 2008
  13. ^ Phillip Rawls, "Alabama senator delays her anti-smoking bill", AP, April 3, 2009
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i McMillen et al., Smoke-Free Legislation and the Social Climate of Secondhand Smoke in Mississippi (November 2008)
  15. ^ Alaska Stat. § 18.35.305
  16. ^ Alaska Stat. § 18.35.300
  17. ^ Alaska Stat. § 18.35.310
  18. ^ Alaska Stat. § 18.35.320
  19. ^ Alaska Stat. § 18.35.330
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  21. ^ "Juneau bar owners say smoking ban hurts business", Anchorage Daily News, February 26, 2008
  22. ^ "American Samoan smoking ban vetoed," Radio New Zealand International, November 11, 2008
  23. ^ Ariz. Rev. Stat § 36-601.01
  24. ^ Amanda J. Crawford, "Smoking ban compliance is expected to be gradual", The Arizona Republic, May 1, 2007
  25. ^ Ark. Code. Ann. §§ 20-27-1801 through 20-27-1809
  26. ^ Ark. Code Ann. § 20-27-1808
  27. ^ Ark. Code. Ann. § 20-27-1903
  28. ^ Cal. Lab. Code § 6404.5
  29. ^ Governor Signs into Law Measure to Outlaw Smoking in Cars with Kids, October 2007
  30. ^ Cal. Health & Safety Code § 118974
  31. ^ California Town Approves Ban Making Smoking Illegal in Condos, Apartments Fox News, October 2007
  32. ^ LG-PD-Press_Release_Smoking_Ban
  33. ^ N.Y. Times | Smoking Ban Takes Effect, Indoors and Out
  34. ^ San Diego Metro News | SignOnSanDiego.com - El Cajon bans smoking in most public places
  35. ^ Enforcement of Loma Linda's more restrictive smoking ban does not appear to be priority in first day, July 25, 2007
  36. ^ http://www.ci.pasadena.ca.us/publichealth/health_advoc_improvement/tobacco%20control/tobacco_faqs.asp
  37. ^ "Letter to Nebraska Senators from San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce in favor of Smokefree Legislation". Tobacco.org. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
  38. ^ Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-14-204
  39. ^ Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-14-205
  40. ^ Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-14-207
  41. ^ a b c d Conn. Gen. Stat. § 19a-342
  42. ^ a b c Del. Code Ann. tit. 16, §§ 2901 through 2908
  43. ^ "D.C. Smoking Ban Approved," The Washington Post, January 5, 2006
  44. ^ Fla. Stat. §§ 386.201 through 386.2125
  45. ^ >2008->Ch0386->Section%20209#0386.209 Fla. Stat. §386.209
  46. ^ Ga. Code. Ann. § 31-12A-4
  47. ^ Ga. Code. Ann. § 31-12A-6
  48. ^ Ga. Code. Ann. § 31-12A-12
  49. ^ "Smoking ban in restaurants now in full effect", Marianas Variety, February 6, 2007
  50. ^ Haw. Rev. Stat. § 328J-3
  51. ^ Haw. Rev. Stat. § 328J-7
  52. ^ Haw. Rev. Stat. § 328J-6
  53. ^ Haw. Rev. Stat. § 328J-12
  54. ^ Haw. Rev. Stat. § 328J-15
  55. ^ Idaho Code § 39-5503
  56. ^ Idaho Code § 39-5511
  57. ^ a b Illinois Public Act 095-0017: "Smoke Free Illinois Act"
  58. ^ a b c d Clean Indoor Air Law, Ind. Code tit. 16, ch. 37
  59. ^ "Indiana Smoking Ban Dies in House Committee", The Associated Press, January 28, 2008
  60. ^ John Byrne, "Statewide smoking ban now appears dead," Post Tribune of Northwest Indiana, April 23, 2009
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  62. ^ "Clarksville smoking ban fails", The News and Tribune, December 12, 2007
  63. ^ "Smoking ban in Ligonier rejected", The Goshen News, November 13, 2007
  64. ^ [field folio-destination-name:'sec_142D_3'$x=Advanced#0-0-0-27117 Iowa Code § 142D.3]
  65. ^ [field folio-destination-name:'sec_142D_4'$x=Advanced#0-0-0-27119 Iowa Code § 142D.4]
  66. ^ a b [field folio-destination-name:'sec_142D_9'$x=Advanced#0-0-0-27129 Iowa Code § 142D.9]
  67. ^ K.S.A. 21-4010
  68. ^ K.S.A. 21-4011
  69. ^ K.S.A. 21-4013
  70. ^ Steffes v. City of Lawrence, 284 Kan. 380, 160 P.3d 843 (2007)
  71. ^ "Kansas panel rejects call for statewide smoking ban," The Kansas City Star, August 30, 2007
  72. ^ "Lawmakers change tactics in push for Kansas coal plant", The Kansas City Star, May 3, 2008
  73. ^ Tim Carpenter, "House tables smoking bill", Topeka Capital-Journal, March 18, 2009
  74. ^ "Harvey County passes smoking ban", The Kansan, November 6, 2007
  75. ^ "Smoking ban passes", The Kansas City Star, January 5, 1007
  76. ^ ["New Mission ordinance restricts smoking", The Kansas City Star, May 21, 2008]
  77. ^ "Smoking ban unanimously passed in Newton", KAKE-TV Wichita, November 13, 2007
  78. ^ "North Newton passes smoking ban", KHI News Service, December 11, 2007
  79. ^ "Overland Park passes business smoking ban", The Lawrence Journal-World, November 8, 2006
  80. ^ Chris Durden, "Salina Smoking Ban Starts Saturday", KWCH-12 TV Wichita, May 2, 2009
  81. ^ "Westwood joins the smoke-free trend", The Kansas City Star, December 22, 2007
  82. ^ [http://wichita.gov/NR/rdonlyres/C61D1600-1737-4ED3-B430-8191F8FF4682/0/BusinessInformation.pdf "Wichita Smoking Ordinance It’s here. It’s the law. It’s effective Sept. 4", Wichita City Council, September 4, 2008
  83. ^ [http://www.kansascitykansan.com/homepage/x1435866547 Sam Hartle, "Smoking ordinance approved", Kansas City Kansan, December 19, 2008
  84. ^ Mark Wiebe, "At KCK businesses, patrons are continuing to light up", The Kansas City Star, May 4, 2009
  85. ^ "Hutch Smoking Ban Not Extended," Kansas CW TV-33, December 17, 2008
  86. ^ "Mission Hills rejects smoking ban," The Kansas City Star, May 5, 2007
  87. ^ "One Harvey Community Bucks Non-Smoking Trend", KBSD-TV Dodge City, November 20, 2007
  88. ^ "Scott City Council kills smoking ban", Topeka Capital-Journal, January 21, 2004
  89. ^ K.R.S. 61.165
  90. ^ K.R.S. 61.167
  91. ^ Lexington Fayette County Food & Bev. Ass'n v. Lexington-Fayette Urban County Gov't, 131 S.W.3d 745 (Ky. 2004)
  92. ^ LouisvilleKy.gov - Health and Wellness - Smoke-Free Law Online Toolkit
  93. ^ a b c La. Rev. Stat. § 1300.256
  94. ^ Jan Moller, "House rejects smoking ban, 29-71", The New Orleans Times-Picayune, June 2, 2009
  95. ^ a b Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 22, § 1542
  96. ^ Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 22, § 1549
  97. ^ a b c MD Clean Indoor Air Act of 2007 (House Bill 359)
  98. ^ a b c Mass. Gen. L. ch. 70, § 22
  99. ^ Gideon Gil, "Boston bans cigarette sales in drug stores but delays cigar bar closings", The Boston Globe, December 11, 2008
  100. ^ M.C.L. 333.12604
  101. ^ M.C.L. 333.12604a
  102. ^ a b M.C.L. 333-12603
  103. ^ M.C.L. 333-12605
  104. ^ a b M.C.L. 333.12905
  105. ^ "Action to ban smoking fizzles," The Detroit Free Press, June 28, 2008
  106. ^ [http://www.freep.com/article/20081219/NEWS06/81219009/1001/NEWS Chris Christoff, "Public smoking ban fizzles," Detroit Free Press, December 19, 2008
  107. ^ Mark Hornbeck, "House shelves workplace smoking ban", Detroit News, April 8, 2009
  108. ^ "Grand Rapids approves smoking ban", WZZM13 News, October 18, 2006
  109. ^ Mich. Dept. of Corrections, "MDOC to be Tobacco-Free by February 2009", March 2008
  110. ^ Wayne County, Michigan, Clean Indoor Air Ordinance
  111. ^ Minn. Rev. Stat. § 144.414
  112. ^ "Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act" (PDF). Emily Cleveland. July 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  113. ^ Minn. Rev. Stat. § 144.417
  114. ^ Miss. Code § 29-5-161
  115. ^ Miss. Code § 29-5-163
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  117. ^ [2]
  118. ^ [3]
  119. ^ "Lucedale smoking ban defeated", The Hattiesburg American, December 10, 2007
  120. ^ a b Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.767
  121. ^ Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.771
  122. ^ Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.777
  123. ^ Mo. Rev. Stat. § 191.769
  124. ^ a b City of Kansas City v. Carlson, ___ S.W.3d ___ (Mo. App. slip op. June 23, 2009
  125. ^ 2008 Missouri Senate Bill 1079
  126. ^ 2009 Missouri Senate Bill 309
  127. ^ 2009 Missouri House Joint Resolution 5
  128. ^ 2009 Missouri House Bill 910
  129. ^ Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, State Excise Tax Rates and Rankings, May 29, 2009
  130. ^ "A burning issue," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 12, 2006
  131. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System - Adults who are current smokers", September 19, 2008
  132. ^ Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, County Level Survey 2007: Secondhand Smoke for Missouri Adults, October 1, 2008
  133. ^ "Best Cities for Smokers," Forbes Magazine, November 1, 2007
  134. ^ "Smoking ban cuts into profits," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 10, 2006
  135. ^ Ballwin (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Section 17-65
  136. ^ Catherine Stortz Ripley, "City Council passes smoking ban", Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune, May 15, 2007
  137. ^ Chillicothe (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Section 18-93
  138. ^ "Smoking ban passes," Columbia Missourian, October 10, 2006
  139. ^ Columbia (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Chapter 11, Article IX
  140. ^ "Proponents postpone petition to ban smoking," The Kansas City Star, November 8, 2006
  141. ^ Independence (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Chapter 11, Article 2
  142. ^ Lynn Horsely, "KC will go smoke-free", The Kansas City Star, April 8, 2008
  143. ^ Kansas City (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Chapter 34, Article XII
  144. ^ Lynn Horsely, "KC's smoking ban delayed", The Kansas City Star, June 4, 2008
  145. ^ Lynn Horsely, "KC smoking ban effective today for bars, restaurants, tobacco stores," The Kansas City Star, June 21, 2008
  146. ^ "Smoking ban passes," Truman State University Index, April 5, 2007
  147. ^ Kirksville (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Chapter 18, Article V
  148. ^ "Lee's Summit Bans Smoking," The Kansas City Star, August 11, 2006
  149. ^ Lee's Summit Code of Ordinances, Chapter 17, Article X
  150. ^ "Nixa passes toughest smoking ban in state," Drury University Mirror, March 12, 2007
  151. ^ Nixa (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Chapter 14, Article VI
  152. ^ "North Kansas City approves smoking ban", The Kansas City Star, June 11, 2008
  153. ^ North Kansas City (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Title 8, Article II
  154. ^ "Tobacco House exempted from NKC smoking ban," The Kansas City Star, January 16, 2009
  155. ^ "Smoking or non?", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 14, 2004
  156. ^ Arnold (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Chapter 10, Article XI
  157. ^ Donald Bradley, "In Missouri, many money issues find favor despite tough times", The Kansas City Star, April 8, 2009
  158. ^ "It's approved!", The Blue Springs Examiner, February 5, 2008
  159. ^ Blue Springs (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Section 245.280
  160. ^ City of Gladstone (Mo.) Ordinance No. 3.208
  161. ^ "Gladstone council passes smoking restrictions", The Kansas City Star, February 24, 2009
  162. ^ Liberty (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Section 22-66
  163. ^ "Metro City Puffs Out Smoking," KSHB-TV (Kansas City), March 10, 2009
  164. ^ Angie Borgedalen, "Liberty adopts smoking ban", Liberty (Mo.) Tribune, March 10, 2009
  165. ^ "Maryville votes to ban smoking in restaurants," St. Joseph News Press, June 10, 2003
  166. ^ Raymore (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Chapter 270
  167. ^ Larry Seward, Parkville Passes Smoking Ban, KSHB-TV April 8, 2009
  168. ^ Parkville (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Chapter 206
  169. ^ "Year later, small players feel smoking ban's heat," Springfield News-Leader, June 8, 2004
  170. ^ Springfield (Mo.) Code of Ordinances, Chapter 58, Article I
  171. ^ Susan Redden, "Carthage committee debates, tables proposed smoking ban", Joplin (Mo.) Globe, February 3, 2009
  172. ^ Nancy Cambria, "Smoking ban in Chesterfield bars and restaurants is extinguished", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 4, 2000
  173. ^ Minutes of the Creve Coeur (Mo.) City Council, February 28, 2005
  174. ^ Danette Thompson, "Creve Coeur: Council supports idea of county smoking ban", St. Louis Post-Dispach, April 2, 2009
  175. ^ "Farmington mayor rejects 'smoking ban' bill," Daily Journal Online, October 27, 2007
  176. ^ "Farmington will not place smoking ban on ballot," Park Hills Daily Journal, January 11, 2008
  177. ^ Patricia Rice, "Alderman's walkout stops Fenton's smoking ban", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, October 12, 2005
  178. ^ Steve Birmingham, "Smoking survey snubbed", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 1, 2009
  179. ^ Betsy Taylor, "Ferguson ponders tightening no-smoking policy", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, October 5, 2000
  180. ^ "Jefferson City Mayor Vetoes City Smoking Ban," KOLR-10, December 23, 2003
  181. ^ "Smoking ban goes down in flames," The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 8, 2006
  182. ^ Lake St. Louis Code of Ordinances Chapter 217
  183. ^ Beth Von Behren, "Maryland Heights Council opposes proposal to ban smoking", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 7, 2005
  184. ^ Minutes of the Raytown (Mo.) Board of Aldermen, October 7, 2008
  185. ^ Jeff Salem, "Riverside postpones smoking ban discussion indefinitely," The Platte County (Mo.) Sun Gazette, June 22, 2009
  186. ^ [Ashley Vasquez, "Smoking ban talk ends," The Smithville Herald, December 26, 2007
  187. ^ Mark Schlinkmann, "St. Charles election on smoking appears unlikely", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 1, 2008
  188. ^ Status of City of St. Louis 2007 Board Bill No. 2
  189. ^ Georgina Gustin, "Smoking ban in city? Prospects appear hazy", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, April 10, 2008
  190. ^ Clay Barbour, "Bill to ban smoking is killed by council," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 17, 2005
  191. ^ "St. Louis County drops smoking ban effort," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 2, 2006
  192. ^ Greg Jonsson, "St. Louis County punts smoking ban issue to state", August 16, 2006
  193. ^ "St. Louis County Council rejects Lambert smoking ban", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 14, 2006
  194. ^ a b Mont. Code Ann. § 50-40-104
  195. ^ § 50-40-103
  196. ^ Mont. Code Ann. § 50-40-120
  197. ^ N.R.S. § 71-5729
  198. ^ N.R.S. § 71-5730
  199. ^ [http://www.kcautv.com/Global/story.asp?S=10229934&nav=1kgl Associated Press, "Gov. signs cigar-bar exemption to Neb. smoking ban ", KCAU-TV Sioux City, Iowa, April 22, 2009]
  200. ^ N.R.S. § 71-5717
  201. ^ a b c NRS 202.2483
  202. ^ N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 155:66
  203. ^ N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 155:67
  204. ^ N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 155:68
  205. ^ N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 155:67
  206. ^ JTR Colebrook, Inc. v. Town of Colebrook, 829 A.2d 1089 (N.H. 2003)
  207. ^ N.J. Stat. § 26:3D-58
  208. ^ N.J. Stat. § 26:3D-59 through 61
  209. ^ N.J. Stat. § 26:3D-63
  210. ^ "Atlantic City Suspends Casino Smoking Ban", The New York Times, October 27, 2008
  211. ^ N.M. Stat. Ann. § 24-16-4
  212. ^ N.M. Stat. Ann. § 24-16-13
  213. ^ N.M. Stat. Ann. § 24-16-12
  214. ^ N.M. Stat. Ann. § 24-16-18
  215. ^ N.M. Stat. Ann. § 24-16-20
  216. ^ http://www.unm.edu/smokefree/
  217. ^ N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 1399-O
  218. ^ N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 1399-Q
  219. ^ N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 1399-R
  220. ^ 2002 New York City Local Law No. 47
  221. ^ a b c North Carolina Session Law 2009-27
  222. ^ N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-597
  223. ^ N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-601
  224. ^ "Gas Tax, Prison Smoking Ban Among New State Laws", WRAL-TV, January 1, 2006
  225. ^ "Triangle Hospitals Ban Tobacco Use", WRAL-TV, July 3, 2007
  226. ^ "Stay Healthy," UNC Department of Environment, Health & Safety
  227. ^ N.D. Cent. Code § 23-12-10
  228. ^ "ND Senate rejects smoking ban in bars", The Associated Press, February 9, 2007
  229. ^ N.D. Cent. Code § 23-12-10.2
  230. ^ [www.dakotastudent.com/news/2008/11/21/News/Smoking.Ban.Shows.Positive.Results-3555473.shtml]
  231. ^ a b c d e Ohio Rev. Code Chapter 3794, "Smoking Ban"
  232. ^ Ok. Stat. Ann. Section 21-1247
  233. ^ Ok. Stat. Ann. Section 63-1-1523, et seq.
  234. ^ Ok. Stat. Ann. Section 63-1-1527
  235. ^ Mick Hinton, "Committee waters down smoking bill", Tulsa World, February 19, 2009
  236. ^ Oklahom House Bill 1040 (2009) - status
  237. ^ Ore. Rev. Stat. § 433.845
  238. ^ Ore. Rev. Stat. § 433.835
  239. ^ Ore. Rev. Stat. § 433.850
  240. ^ Ore. Rev. Stat. § 433.870
  241. ^ Oregon Restaurant Ass'n v. City of Corvallis, 166 Ore. App. 506, 999 P.2d 518 (2000)
  242. ^ a b c 2008 Pennsylvania Senate Bill 246
  243. ^ Philadelphia Smoking Ban
  244. ^ P.R. Laws ch. 62 § 892
  245. ^ P.R. Laws ch. 62 § 894
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  247. ^ R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-20.10-4
  248. ^ R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-20.10-6
  249. ^ R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-20.10-6.1
  250. ^ R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-20.10-13
  251. ^ S.C. Code § 44-95-20
  252. ^ S.C. Code § 44-95-30
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  254. ^ Beachfront Entertainment, Inc. v. Town of Sullivan's Island, 666 S.E.2d 912 (S.C. 2008)
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  265. ^ T.C.A. § 39-17-1803
  266. ^ T.C.A. § 39-17-1810
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  268. ^ a b Tex. Penal Code § 48.01
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  282. ^ U.C.A. 1953 § 26-38-3.5
  283. ^ U.C.A. 1953 § 26-38-6
  284. ^ Ver. Stat. tit. 28 § 1742
  285. ^ Ver. Stat. tit. 28 § 1743
  286. ^ Ver. Stat. tit. 28 § 1422
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  288. ^ Ver. Stat. tit. 28 § 1423
  289. ^ Ver. Stat. tit. 28 § 1428
  290. ^ Ver. Stat. tit. 28 § 1746
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  299. ^ Wash. Rev. Code § 70.160.080
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  316. ^ Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 30-2-604
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  318. ^ Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 30-3-304
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