Al-Haram, Jaffa
Template:Infobox former Arab villages in Palestine
Al-Haram, also called Sayyiduna Ali' and Sidna Ali, was an Arab village in the District of Jaffa. It was depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War on February 3, 1948. It was located 16 km north of Jaffa, adjacent to the ruins of the ancient city of Arsuf.
History
In 1596 the waqf of the small Arab settlement at Arsuf had been dedicated to 'Aly Ibn 'Aleim.[1]
In 1880, it was described as "a mud village of moderate size on high ground, with springs to the north, and on the west a mosque.[2] The full name was recorded as El Haram 'Aly Ibn 'Aleim, after 'Aly Ibn 'Aleim said to have vainly defended the town when it was attacked by Sultan Barbars in 1265. Probably this tradition was transferred from neighboring Arsuf.[2]
The census of 1931 recorded 83 occupied houses, with a population of 313 Muslims.[3] As of 1945 the village had a population of 880, with 360 Jewish inhabitants. al-Haram had an elementary school for boys founded in 1921, and in 1945 it had an enrollment of 68 students. The village also contained a mosque and a shrine for al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (d. A.D. 1081), who was a descendant of the second Muslim Caliph 'Umar ibn al-Khattab.[4]
In the 20's and 30's of the 20th century, most of the land of Al-Haram was bought by the American Zion Commonwealth from the Effendi of the village. On the land of this small village, the towns of Herzliya, Kfar Shmaryahu and Rishpon were established.
According to some testimonies[5], the relationship between the citizens of Al-Haram and the Jews of Herzliya and Rishpon were very friendly. Testimonies of the first settlers of Herzliya mention Arab peddlers in the streets of the town. Moreover, some of the village's citizens were employed in the construction of the future city. Former Arab citizens of the village testified that before the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, representatives of the Jewish towns went to the village and assured them they were safe.[6]
The Israeli town of Kfar Shmaryahu was established in 1937 southeast of the village site, on what traditionally had been village land.[4]
1948, and aftermath
According to Morris, the villagers were evacuated on 3 February 1948 out of fear of Jewish attack, after Haganah or Irgun attacks on nearby villages.[7]
Notes
- ^ Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977), Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century, Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, p. 140
- ^ a b Survey of Western Palestine, Vol. II, p.134.
- ^ Census of Palestine, 1931. Population of Villages, Towns, and Administrative Areas. (1932)
- ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p.240-241
- ^ Herzliya, "Mother of the Kibbutzim and the Communal Groups", by Dan Yahav. Yaron Golan Publishers.
- ^ http://www.nakbainhebrew.org/index.php?id=300
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 129, note 514.
Bibliography
- Canaan, T. (1927): Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine, (p. 215, cited in Petersen, 2002)
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0887282245
- Morris, Benny (2004), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521009677, 9780521009676
{{citation}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help) - Petersen, Andrew (2002), A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology) (Al-Haram: p. 146-148)
External links
- Welcome To al-Haram
- Al-Haram at Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
- Tour of al-Haram/Sidna Ali 11.11.05, Zochrot
- Al-Haram (Sidna Ali) in the memory of Herzliya, by Eitan Bronstein, with Norma Musih, from Zochrot
- Maram Massarweh, al-Haram/Sidna Ali, testimony, from Zochrot
- Issam Hijazi Masarwa, age 11, al-Haram/Sidna Ali, testimony, from Zochrot
