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COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

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2020 coronavirus pandemic in Indonesia
Map of provinces with coronavirus cases (as of 18 March)
  Confirmed cases reported
  Suspected cases reported
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationIndonesia
Index caseAmigos Restaurant
Kemang, Jakarta
Arrival date2 March 2020
(4 years, 8 months, 1 week and 4 days)
Confirmed cases227
Recovered11
Deaths
19[1]
Government website
covid19.go.id
covid19.kemkes.go.id
corona.jakarta.go.id
pikobar.jabarprov.go.id
corona.sumbarprov.go.id
corona.ntbprov.go.id
corona.jatengprov.go.id
infocorona.bantenprov.go.id

The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Indonesia on 2 March 2020.[2][3] As of 18 March, the pandemic has spread to 14 provinces: Riau Islands, Banten, Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, East Java, Bali, West Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, North Sumatera, Riau, Lampung, and East Kalimantan.

Timeline

The positive cases first confirmed in March are not the first Indonesians to have been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In January, an Indonesian maid in Singapore contracted the virus from her employer.[4]

The first confirmed death of coronavirus in the country occurred on 11 March 2020.[5] However, one of Telkom employees died on 3 March when tested positive COVID-19 on 14 March and also infecting his wife and child.[6][7]

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2 February

  • Indonesian government evacuated 243 Indonesian nationals from Wuhan, China. The repatriated Indonesians were then placed under quarantine in the Natuna Islands.[8] The ministry did not test 238 asymptomatic Indonesians who were evacuated from Wuhan—and were kept in quarantine for 2 weeks[9]

24 February

  • 9 Indonesians on board the Diamond Princess tested positive for the virus and were moved to treatment facilities in Japan. The Indonesian government repatriated and then quarantined the remaining 68 crew members, along with the 188 from the World Dream, onto the uninhabited Sebaru Kecil Island in the Thousand Islands off the coast of Jakarta.[10][11]

2 March

6 March

  • As of 6 March, Indonesia has only tested 450 individuals out of its 270 million population.[13]

7 March

  • One of the crew evacuated from the Diamond Princess was suspected of contracting the coronavirus and was subsequently transferred to an isolation unit at Persahabatan Central General Hospital (Template:Lang-id), East Jakarta.[14]

8 March

  • A 50-year-old woman from Jakarta tested positive in Melbourne, Australia. She began showing symptoms two days after flying to Perth from Jakarta on 27 February and saw a GP four days after arriving in Melbourne on 2 March.[15]
  • The government of Indonesia announced two more confirmed cases. One patient is infected from close contact with case #1, the other patient is a crew member of the Diamond Princess.[16]

9 March

  • Indonesia confirmed 13 new cases of COVID-19 infection, 2 of them are foreigners.[17] Indonesian government decided not to disclose the detection location of the patient and the treatment facility used.

10 March

  • 2 patients that previously were confirmed of being positive of the virus were then announced as negative of the virus, concurring an explanation made by an Indonesian government representative. The two patients will be discharged from hospital in the event that assist tests still appears that they are negative of the virus.[18]
  • Indonesia confirmed 8 new cases of COVID-19 infection, 2 of them are foreigners.[19]
  • A suspected COVID-19 patient (female) flees from Persahabatan Central General Hospital[20][21]. She was later confirmed as positive of the virus, and has returned to the hospital.[22]

11 March

  • Case #25 died due to complication.[23] The victim was a British national and died in Bali's hospital.[5]
  • Indonesia confirmed 7 new cases of COVID-19 infection, all are imported cases.[24]

12 March

13 March

  • 3 coronavirus-linked deaths were reported, 1 case in Solo, Central Java.[27][28] The other two were undisclosed.[29][30]
  • Indonesia confirmed 35 new cases of COVID-19 infection, in total of 69 cases.[31]

14 March

15 March

  • Indonesia confirmed 21 new cases of COVID-19 infection, 19 in Jakarta and 2 in Central Java, in total of 117 cases.[41][42]
  • Indonesian President Joko Widodo is said to be undergoing COVID-19 test in the evening.[43]

16 March

  • Indonesian Vice President Ma'ruf Amin and Indonesian Interior Minister Tito Karnavian has tested negative on COVID-19 test.[44][45]
  • Indonesia confirmed 17 new cases of infection, in total of 134 cases. 14 of new cases in Jakarta, 1 new case in Central Java, 1 new case in Banten, and 1 new case in West Java.[46]
  • Indonesia announced that it will start to quarantine non symptomatic COVID-19 patients on their own home.[47]

17 March

  • In response to the growing number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management declared an emergency period for 91 days, effective until 29 May 2020.[48]
  • Indonesian government announced 38 new cases of COVID-19, bringing the total number of infection to 172. [49]
  • 1 cases recovered, in total of 9 cases recovered.[50]
  • 2 patient died (1 in Semarang and another one still unknown), in total of 7 deaths.[51]
  • There are mistakes in the counting of the deaths[52][53]. The minister of health reported that the total number of the death is still 5, the same as that on 14th of March [54] while two new deaths were reported in the early morning by Governor of Central Java [55] and Governor of Banten [56]. The total number of deaths should be 7.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs are banning travellers entering or transiting Indonesia who have been in one of the 8 countries she mentioned in the last 14 days. Those countries are Iran, Italy, Vatican City, Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, and United Kingdom.[57]

18 March

  • Indonesia confirmed 55 new cases of COVID-19 infection, bringing the total up to 227 cases. [58]

Cases by province

Cases by provinces
Provinces Confirmed cases Recovered cases Deaths
Bali 1 0 1[59]
Banten 5 1[59]
Central Java 8 2[59]
East Java 6[60] 1[59]
East Kalimantan 1
Jakarta[a] 78 5 12[59]
Lampung 1
North Sulawesi 1
North Sumatera 1 1[59]
Riau 1
Riau Islands 1
West Java 22 2 1[59]
West Kalimantan 2[61]
Yogyakarta 1
Undisclosed 91 2
Total 227 9 19[59]
Data as of 18 March 2020[62]
  1. ^ including repatriated cases
COVID-19 Distribution Area
No Provinces Regency/City
1. Jakarta SCR West Jakarta

South Jakarta

North Jakarta

East Jakarta

2. West Java

Bekasi Regency

Cirebon Regency

Purwakarta

Bandung

Depok

Cianjur

3. Banten

Tangerang Regency

Tangerang

South Tangerang

4. Central Java Semarang

Surakarta

Magelang

5. West Kalimantan Pontianak

Singkawang

6. North Sulawesi Manado
7. Bali Denpasar
8. Yogyakarta SR Sleman Regency
9. East Java Surabaya
10. Riau Islands Tanjung Pinang
11. North Sumatera Undisclosed
12. Riau Undisclosed
13. Lampung Undisclosed
14. East Kalimantan Undisclosed
Data as of 17 March 2020[63]

Detailed case

Case Date Age Sex Nationality Treatment facility Source of infection Detection location Status Note Source
1 2 March 2020 31 Female  Indonesia Sulianti Saroso Infection Center Hospital, North Jakarta Person-to-person spread from a Japanese national. Depok Tested negative for COVID-19 on 13 March.[64] Young woman living in Depok, Indonesia. Came into contact with a Japanese national (who later tested positive in Malaysia) in late-February. Confirmed household transmission or person-to person spread.


[65]
2 64 Tested negative for COVID-19 on 16 March.[66] Mother of case #1.
3 6 March 2020 33 Undisclosed Jakarta Tested negative for COVID-19 on 11 March.[67] Close contact with case #1. Confirmed person-to person spread.


[68][69]
4 31 Close contact with case #1. Confirmed person-to person spread.
5 8 March 2020 55 Male [70]
6 39 Persahabatan Central General Hospital, East Jakarta Unknown method on Diamond Princess ship Sebaru Island, Jakarta Tested negative for COVID-19 on 11 March[71], to discharged for self-quarantine.[72] Previously worked at Diamond Princess.


7 9 March 2020 59 Female Undisclosed Unknown method on foreign country. Undisclosed Have travel history to other country. [73][74]
8 56 Male Person-to-person spread. The spouse of patient #7.
9 55 Female Unknown method on foreign country. Have travel history to other country.
10 29 Male Undisclosed Sulianti Saroso Infection Center Hospital, North Jakarta [75] Person-to-person spread. Tested negative for COVID-19 on 11 March.[76] Foreigner.

Close contact with case #1.

11 54 Female Foreigner.

Close contact with case #1.

12 31 Male  Indonesia Undisclosed Close contact with case #1.
13 16 Female Close contact with case #3.
14 50 Male Persahabatan Central General Hospital, East Jakarta Unknown method on foreign country. Tested negative for COVID-19 on 11 March[71], to be discharged for self-quarantine.[72] Have travel history to other country.
15 43 Female Undisclosed Have travel history to other country.
16 17 Person-to-person spread. Close contact with patient #15.
17 56 Male Unknown method on foreign country. Have travel history to other country.
18 55
19 49 Persahabatan Central General Hospital, East Jakarta Tested negative for COVID-19 on 12 March[77], to be discharged for self-quarantine.[72] Have travel history to other country. [78]
20 10 March 2020 70 Female  Indonesia Undisclosed Unknown method spread on Jakarta Area [79] Undisclosed Close contact with case #1. [78] [80][81]
21 47 Close contact with case #1. [78]
22 36 Unknown method on foreign country.
23 73 Sulianti Saroso Infection Center Hospital, North Jakarta [82]
24 46 Male Undisclosed
25 53 Female  United Kingdom[83] Sanglah Central General Hospital, Denpasar[5] Bali Died on 11 March 2020 at 02:45 (UTC+08:00) due to complication.[23][84][5] First person to die after contracting COVID-19 within Indonesian territory.
26 46 Male Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed Case #26 is a foreigner.
27 33  Indonesia Sulianti Saroso Infection Center Hospital, North Jakarta [85] First possible community transmission [86] Close contact with case #20. [87]
28 11 March 2020 37 Male Undisclosed Undisclosed Unknown method on foreign country. Undisclosed [24][88]
29 51
30 84
31 48 Female
32 45 Male
33 29
34 42
35 13 March 2020 57 Female  Indonesia Sulianti Saroso Infection Center Hospital, North Jakarta[89] Undisclosed South Tangerang, Banten[90] Died on 13 March 2020. [91][92]
36 37 Sulianti Saroso Infection Center Hospital, North Jakarta Jakarta Died on 13 March 2020. First Indonesian medical worker to die[93][94]
37 43 Male Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed
38 80 Female
39 54 Male
40 46 Female
41 40 Male
42 66
43 34
44 57
45 29 Female
46 30 Male
47 61
48 35
49 3 dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital Undisclosed Yogyakarta
50 59 Muwardi Hospital, Solo Undisclosed Solo, Central Java Died on 12 March 2020; later tested positive for COVID-19 on 13 March 2020.[95] First Indonesian citizen to die after contracting COVID-19 within Indonesian territory.
51 60 Male Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed
52 59 Female
53 24 Close contact with case #22. [78]
54 2 Male
55 26 Female
56 58 Male
57 27 Female
58 51 Male
59 63
60 25 Female
61 58
62 51 Male
63 34
64 49 Female
65 48 Male
66 73
67 25 Female
68 38
69 80
70–75 14 March 2020 Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed [96][97]
76 63 Male  Indonesia Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital, Jakarta Jakarta Budi Karya Sumadi, Indonesian Minister of Transportation.
77–96 Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed Undisclosed
97–117 15 March 2020 19 in Jakarta and 2 in Central Java [98]
118–134 16 March 2020 14 in Jakarta, 1 in Banten, 1 in Central Java, 1 in West Java [46]
135–172 17 March 2020 1 in Central Java, 6 in East Java, 1 in Riau Islands, 30 undisclosed [99][100][101]
172–227 18 March 2020 30 in Jakarta, 12 in West Java, 4 in Banten, 2 in Central Java, 1 in North Sumatera, 1 in Lampung, 1 in Riau, 1 in East Kalimantan, 1 in Yogyakarta [102]

Suspected cases

Several travellers who had visited or transited through Bali later tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 shortly after their return to China,[103] Japan,[104] New Zealand,[105] and Singapore.[106]

An additional 50-70 people were put under surveillance after coming into contact with the first two confirmed COVID-19 patients. This number includes those who had visited Rumah Sakit Mitra Keluarga Depok, the hospital the two confirmed patients were previously admitted to before being transferred to North Jakarta.[107][108]

A 37-year-old man who died in a hospital in Semarang suspected of having COVID-19 reportedly tested negative, and was instead afflicted by swine flu, probably picked up from recent travels to Spain.[109]

Additionally, suspected cases have also been reported in Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bangka Belitung, Bengkulu, Lampung, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, West Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Maluku, North Maluku, West Papua, and Papua.[110]

In West Sumatra, two people who returned from a foreign country died at Padang's Hospital (Indonesia: Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. M. Djamil). On 13 March, a woman who was being treated as a suspect to have contracted COVID-19 after returning from Umrah has died in Padang's hospital.[111] On 16 March, a 47-year-old man from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia landed at Minangkabau International Airport with a fever and showing symptoms of COVID-19.[112][113][114] He was subsequently hospitalised at Padang's hospital and then died on the same day.[115]

Responses

Central government

Treatment Facilities List[116]

Indonesia banned all flights from and to Mainland China starting from 5 February. The government also stopped giving free visa and visa on arrival for Chinese nationals. Those who live or have stayed in Mainland China in the previous 14 days have been barred from entering or transiting through Indonesia. Indonesians are discouraged from travelling to China.[117]

Starting on 8 March, travel restrictions expanded to include South Korea, Italy, and Iran, where visitors from these three countries have to provide a valid health certificate.[118] Despite the restriction on travellers from South Korea, Indonesia is still allowing flights from South Korea.[119]

The Ministry of Health directed the installation of thermal scanners for at least 135 airport gates and port docks,[120][121] and announced that provisioning over 100 hospitals with isolation rooms (to WHO recommended standards) would begin.[122] Starting on 4 March, Jakarta MRT also began scanning the temperature of passengers entering the stations and denying access to those with symptoms of high fever.[123] After the first victim died, the Indonesian government admitted that they have difficulties in detect incoming imported cases on airports, doing contact tracing and also location history for each case.[124]

The Indonesian government plans to turn a site on Galang Island, previously used as a refugee camp for Vietnamese asylum seekers into a 1,000-bed medical facility specially equipped to handle the coronavirus outbreak and other infectious diseases.[125]

On 13 March, the government designated 132 treatment facilities across Indonesia.[126] On 18 March, 227 additional hospitals ( 109 Indonesian National Armed Forces Hospitals, 53 Indonesian National Police Hospitals and 65 Indonesian State-owned enterprises Hospitals ) are prepared to cover more patients across country.[127] The government also est ablished COVID-19 Task Force, coordinated by Indonesia National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) that involves Indonesian Health Ministry, Indonesian National Police, and Indonesian Armed Forces.[128] Doni Monardo has been appointed to lead this team.[129] On the same day, Indonesia Interior Minister Tito Karnavian urged all of Indonesian regional leaders to suspend all non-essential travel to foreign country.[130]

On 14 March, the government of Indonesia declared the coronavirus outbreak in Indonesia as a national disaster.[131]

On 15 March, Joko Widodo has called on all Indonesians to practice what epidemiologists call social distancing to slow the spread of COVID-19 in the country.[132] Indonesian tax authorities announced that they will move back the tax reporting deadline to 30 April 2020.[133]

On 16 March, Indonesian ministry of state owned enterprises have instructed its employees aged 50 upwards to work at home.[134] President Joko Widodo also clarified that the decision to implement lockdown on cities or regencies are not in the hand of regency or provincial government, but on the hand of central government.[135]On the same day, as schools are closing in some regions, Indonesian Education Minister Nadiem Makarim announced readiness of the Minister of Education to assist schools in online learning by providing free teaching platforms.[136] Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani announced a shifting of infrastructure budget of 1 trillion IDR into healthcare and pandemic prevention.[137]

On 17 March, COVID-19 health protocols have been released to public.[138][139] Ministry of Foreign Affairs are also expanded the travel restriction to include visitors who have been in Iran, Italy, Vatican City, Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, and United Kingdom for the last 14 days.[57] The Ministry of Finance also announced that Wisma Atlet Kemayoran, a building built formerly to house athletes during Asian Games 2018, will be used to house COVID-19 patients that are asymptomatic.[140]

Regional government

Aceh

On 12 March, acting Aceh governor Nova Iriansyah advised Acehnese to stay away from vices and activities that are incompatible with religious and Islamic sharia values.[141]

On 15 March, due to the rapid rise of the number of coronavirus infections in the country, the province of Aceh decided to close schools until further notice.[142]

On 16 March, the city of Sabang started to implement travel restrictions to forbid foreign visitors from travelling to their city.[143]

Banten

On 15 March, Governor of Banten Wahidin Halim declares "extraordinary event" and decides to close all schools for 2 weeks.[144]

Central Java

On 13 March, the city of Solo in Central Java decided to close all primary schools (SD) and junior high schools (SMP) for next 2 weeks, after three positive cases are found in the city.[145] The mayor of Solo F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo has also declared that the area is under "extraordinary event".[146] On the same day, the Regency of Sragen decided to close all schools from kindergarten to junior high school throughout the regency for at least a week, while closure of senior high school in the regency would be decided by the provincial government.[147]

On 14 March, Central Java governor Ganjar Pranowo decided to close all kindergarten to junior high schools at the province. High schools would remain open during the examination season.[148] The city of Salatiga followed the same decision on 15 March. The city government would also provide a total of Rp. 3 billion for medical support.[149]

DKI Jakarta

Location of reported COVID-19 cases in Jakarta as of 12 March 2020 [150]

On 2 March, in response to the confirmed cases, DKI Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan halted the issuance of permits for large gatherings.[151] These including concerts by Foals, Babymetal, Head in the Clouds, and Dream Theater.[152][153]

On 13 March, after 69 positive COVID-19 cases, several tourist destinations in Jakarta including Ancol Dreamland, multiple government-managed museums, Ragunan Zoo and Monas was closed for 2 weeks.[154][155][156] The Islamic organisation Muhammadiyah formed a "command centre" allocating 20 hospitals in the country to handle the outbreak, with the centre being led by emergency medicine specialist Corona Rintawan.[157]

On 14 March, Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan decided to suspend all school activities and examinations for two weeks in response to prevent further spread of the virus in the capital city of Jakarta.[158]

On 15 March, Jakarta provincial government prepared 500 to 1,000 beds for patient under investigation (PUI) that will be placed on designated COVID-19 treatment facilities.[159]

On 16 March, MRT Jakarta, LRT and Transjakarta started to reduce number of trips, corridors and timetables (06.00 - 18.00), however, this policy was retracted due to long queue in many bus stops and train stations in morning.[160][161][162] Odd-even policy will be halted during outbreak.[163]

East Java

On 15 March, the city of Malang announced that they will close all schools for two weeks. The closure will begin on 16 March.[164]

On the same day, the Governor of East Java Khofifah Indar Parawansa ordered the closure of all schools throughout the province. Educational institutions were advised to cancel any kind of student exchange until indefinite time, however national examination in the province would not be postponed.[165]

On 16 March, mayor of Malang Sutiaji decided to close all access to the city (lockdown), starting on 18 March. As of 16 March, there is no positive COVID-19 in Malang or in the province of East Java. [166] He would later clarified that the lockdown only applies to the government of Malang, not the general populace.[167]

West Java

On 14 March, the city of Depok and Bogor decided to close all schools from kindergarten to senior high school until 28 March 2020.[168][169] This decision was also followed by the city of Bandung, in which the city opted to close schools for the next two weeks and advised schools to hold online teachings.[170]

On 15 March, West Java COVID-19 distribution map has been released to public.[171] The Regency of Bogor implement "semi-lockdown" on tourist area Puncak for foreign visitors, to prevent them from entering the area.[172]

West Kalimantan

On 15 March, the governor decided to impose quarantine for all students from kindergarten to senior high school level in the province, until a date which is yet to be decided. During the quarantine period, students must stay at their homes for studying. Exception is given for final year senior/vocational high school students on their respective national final examinations date.[173]

Others

File:Bina Nusantara Learn at home.jpg
Bina Nusantara's notice of change of method of studies during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic

Universities

In response of the outbreak, multiple universities opted to cancel classes and instead would teach students online.

On 16 March, at least 17 universities across Indonesia confirmed that conventional face-to-face lectures would be cancelled and would be replaced by online classes. Graduations and gatherings were cancelled and students and lecturers who had gone abroad from countries with confirmed coronavirus cases with any reasons should self-isolate at home. As of 14 March, numerous universities have closed their classes, such as Universitas Indonesia (UI),[174] Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Universitas Gunadharma, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN), Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Negara (STAN), Kalbis Institut, Binus University, Universitas Atmajaya, London School Public Relations (LSPR), Universitas Yarsi, Universitas Pelita Harapan (UPH), Telkom University, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta (UAJY),[175] Universitas Hasanuddin (UNHAS),[176] Universitas Tarumanegara (UNTAR), Insitut Pertanian Bogor (IPB),[177] and Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia (UAI).[178][179]

Corporations

On 14 March, Indonesia e-commerce company Tokopedia and Indonesian technology company Gojek have begun trial for work at home operations.[180][181]

On 15 March, Unilever Indonesia announced work-from-home policy for their office site, this policy will be started on 16 March until further notice.[182]

On 16 March, Telkomsel, Bank Mandiri, Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre and Bank Indonesia announced work-from-home and split-team policy, these policies will be started on 17 March until further notice.[183][184][185]

Societal Organizations

On 16 March, Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) and Muhammadiyah urge to substitute Friday prayer with Zuhr prayer and not to attend any religious activities within heavily virus-plagued areas.[186][187]

Criticism

Failure to detect the virus

Health experts are concerned that the country is failing to identify the transmission of the virus.[188] Marc Lipsitch, professor of epidemiology at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, "analysed air traffic out of the Chinese city at the centre of the outbreak in China and suggested in a report ... that Indonesia might have missed cases" of coronavirus disease 2019.[189][190][191] Western diplomats[192][193][194] as well as local[188][195] and international[196][197][198] news outlets postulated that the lack of cases within Indonesia result from inadequate testing and under reporting, as opposed to sheer luck and divine intervention.[199][200]

Budget for foreign social media influencers

The government faced backlash after instead pledging to set aside IDR 72 billion ($5m) to pay for social media influencers to attract tourists to Indonesia.[201]

Lack of transparency

Indonesian president Joko Widodo is also criticised by Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry[202], human rights groups[203], and also by political party such as Golkar and Partai Keadilan Sejahtera[204] [205] for lack of transparency regarding the information of the COVID-19. Widodo have insisted not to share the travel history details of the patients that tested positive with coronavirus in an attempt to reduce panic and uneasiness in the general public.[206] The public had asked the government to release official national map of COVID-19 confirmed cases' location, as unofficial independent maps may provide incorrect data.[207]

Tests and treatment

Reports have surfaced about patients in Greater Jakarta having to wait for a long time to get tests or treatment for possible cases of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as referral hospitals face increasing strain.[208]

Lockdown policies

Joko Widodo has come under increased pressure to impose a partial lockdown on virus-plagued areas, with scientists saying the country is racing against time to curb the spread of COVID-19 before Eid al-Fitr and that a community quarantine could be the only solution to do exactly that.[209] On March 16, Jokowi stated that lockdown policies is the authority of the central government, and warned local government to not impose lockdown without the consent of central authority.[210]

Impact

Socioeconomic

Surgical face masks in Indonesia have soared in price by over six times the original retail value from around IDR 30,000 to IDR 185,000 (some sources stated it exceeds IDR 300,000) per box in some outlets after the announcement of two citizens test positive for the new coronavirus.[211] Panic buying had been reported since mid-February before the first cases were confirmed.[212] President of Indonesia Joko Widodo has warned against hoarding of face masks and hand sanitisers[213] and Indonesian National Police has started to crack down on suspected hoarders.[214]

Economic

File:JKSE Composite Index 2 weeks after case 1.jpg
JKSE Composite Index 14 days after case #1 (2 March 2020)

Following the worldwide trend of stock price drops, the IDX Composite weakened even before the first confirmation of the disease in Indonesia.[215] In response to expected economic slowdown in Indonesia due to loss of Chinese economic activity, Bank Indonesia cut its interest rates by 25 basis points to 4.75% on 20 February.[216]

On 12 March, as WHO declares pandemic, IDX Composite tumbled 4.2 percent to 4,937 when Thursday's session was opened, a level unseen in almost four years.[217]

On 13 March, equity trading halted for first time since 2008 over pandemic.[218]

On 17 March, Rupiah weakens to IDR 15,000 per dollar, touching a level unseen since October 2018.[219][220]

Tourism and leisure

Indonesian tourism is also suffering the effect, with Bali suffering a 33% drop in tourism arrivals when compared to January, and a steep 96% reduction of Chinese travellers. Hotels are taking on an exceptionally low occupancy rate, with some hotels experiencing 5% and even 0% occupancy rate due to overspecialisation on Chinese visitors, increasing travel restrictions from source countries, and an overall fear of the virus.[221] There is however an increase in interest for domestic tourism,[222] and Chinese tourists already on the island have generally opted to extend their stay.[223]

Jakarta ePrix race of the 2019–20 Formula E season will also be postponed due to coronavirus concerns.[224] The city's Capital Investment and One-Stop Service (PM-PTSP) announced it plans to postpone any public events with mass-gatherings from March to April following the news of increasing number of COVID-19 cases to 27.[225]

Numerous music events such has by Rich Brian, Hammersonic, Dream Theater, Babymetal, Slipknot, ONE OK ROCK, and electronic dance music festival "We Are Connected" has been suspended in the country because of the coronavirus concerns. [226] [227][228][229][230]

Indonesia International Motor Show 2020 will be postponed due to the coronavirus crisis.[231]

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