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46th United States Congress

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46th United States Congress
45th ←
→ 47th
United States Capitol (1869)
March 4, 1879 – March 4, 1881
Members76 senators
293 representatives
8 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic
Senate PresidentWilliam A. Wheeler
House majorityDemocratic (coalition)
House SpeakerSamuel J. Randall
Sessions
1st: March 18, 1879 – July 1, 1879
2nd: December 1, 1879 – June 16, 1880
3rd: December 6, 1880 – March 3, 1881

The Forty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1879 to March 4, 1881, during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House of Representatives had a Democratic plurality. The Democrats were still able to control the House, however, with the help of the Independent politicians who caucused with them.

Party summary

Senate

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic
(D) 		Independent
(I)		Independent
Republican
(IR)		Republican
(R)		Readjuster
(RA)
End of previous congress 36 1 0 39 0 76 0
Begin 42 1 1 32 0 76 0
End 31 751
Final voting share 56.0% 1.3% 1.3% 41.3% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 37 1 0 37 1 76 0

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic
(D) 		Independent
Democratic
(ID)		Independent
(I)		National
Greenback
(NG)		Republican
(R)
End of previous congress 154 1 0 0 136 291 2
Begin 145 4 1 11 131 292 1
End 146 129 2912
Final voting share 50.2% 1.4% 0.3% 3.8% 44.3%
Beginning of next congress 128 1 1 10 151 291 0

Leadership

Senate

President of the Senate
William A. Wheeler
Senate President pro tempore Allen G. Thurman

House of Representatives

House Speaker Samuel J. Randall

Major events

Main articles: 1879 in the United States, 1880 in the United States, and 1881 in the United States
  • Depression of 1873–79
  • March 18, 1879: Samuel J. Randall was elected in one of the most tightly fought contests for the speakership after the Civil War. Randall, who favored the protective tariff and "hard money," drew his greatest strength from northern cities and greatest opposition from the west and south. The midterm elections of 1878 had gone badly for the Democrats, with the Greenback Party making inroads in key districts. This emboldened Randall's opponents, who rallied to the support of Joseph Blackburn from Kentucky. In the end, Randall prevailed in the Democratic caucus to receive the nomination, with 75 votes to Blackburn's 57 and a scattering of 9 votes to three other candidates. Blackburn, in moving to make Randall's nomination unanimous, steered his supporters away from the nomination of Hendrick B. Wright, a Democrat from Pennsylvania who was nominated by the Greenbacks. In the eventual vote in the House to elect the Speaker, Randall prevailed with 144 votes, to 125 for James Garfield (Republican from Ohio), 13 for Wright, and one for William "Pig Iron" Kelley (Pennsylvania).
  • November 2, 1880: U.S. presidential election, 1880: James Garfield (R) defeated Winfield S. Hancock (D)
  • February 19, 1881: Kansas became the first state to prohibit alcohol.

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1884.

House of Representatives

The names of members are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • replacements: 4
  • deaths: 3
  • resignations: 1
  • interim appointments: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 5
See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate and List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate |- | New Hampshire (3) | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Vacancy in term. An interim successor was appointed. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles H. Bell (R) | March 13, 1879 |- | New Hampshire (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles H. Bell (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected June 18, 1879 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Henry W. Blair (R) | June 20, 1879 |- | Michigan (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Zachariah Chandler (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died November 1, 1879 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Henry P. Baldwin (R) | November 17, 1879 |- | Alabama (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | George S. Houston (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 31, 1879. An interim successor was appointed. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Luke Pryor (D) | January 7, 1880 |- | Georgia (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John B. Gordon (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 26, 1880 to promote building of the Georgia Pacific Railway | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Joseph E. Brown (D) | May 26, 1880 |- | Alabama (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Luke Pryor (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected November 23, 1880. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James L. Pugh (D) | November 24, 1880 |- | Wisconsin (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Matthew H. Carpenter (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died February 24, 1881 | Vacant | Not filled this term |}

House of Representatives
  • replacements: 8
  • deaths: 4
  • resignations: 3
  • contested election: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 11


Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep |- | Texas 6th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep. Gustav Schleicher died during previous congress | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Christopher C. Upson (D) | April 15, 1879 |- | New York 12th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep.-elect Alexander Smith died during previous congress | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Waldo Hutchins (D) | November 4, 1879 |- | Iowa 5th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Rush Clark (R) | style="font-size:80%" |Died April 29, 1879 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William G. Thompson (R) | October 14, 1879 |- | Missouri 7th | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Alfred M. Lay (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 8, 1879 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John F. Philips (D) | January 10, 1880 |- | New York 32nd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Ray V. Pierce (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 18, 1880 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jonathan Scoville (D) | November 12, 1880 |- | Alabama 6th | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Burwell B. Lewis (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 1, 1880 to accept presidency of the University of Alabama | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Newton N. Clements (D) | December 8, 1880 |- | Ohio 19th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James A. Garfield (R) | style="font-size:80%" |Resigned November 8, 1880 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Ezra B. Taylor (R) | December 13, 1880 |- | New Hampshire 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Evarts W. Farr (R) | style="font-size:80%" |Died November 30, 1880 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Ossian Ray (R) | January 8, 1881 |- | Florida 2nd | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Noble A. Hull (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election January 22, 1881 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) | January 22, 1881 |- | North Carolina 1st | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Joseph J. Martin (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election January 29, 1881 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jesse J. Yeates (D) | January 29, 1881 |- | New York 9th | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Fernando Wood (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died February 14, 1881 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Michigan 7th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Omar D. Conger (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 3, 1881 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |}

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

References

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)


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