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[[File:Emirates Airbus A340-300 PER Monty.jpg|thumb|Emirates A340-300 landing in [[Perth Airport]], Australia]]
[[File:Emirates Airbus A340-300 PER Monty.jpg|thumb|Emirates A340-300 landing in [[Perth Airport]], Australia]]


Emirates operates an exclusively wide-bodied aircraft fleet making up from 3 aircraft families: the [[Airbus A330]]/[[Airbus A340|A340]], [[Airbus A380]] and the [[Boeing 777]]. In keeping with its policy of maintaining a young fleet, which stands at an average of 6.7 years in December 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airfleets.net/ageflotte/Emirates.htm|title=Emirates fleet Age|publisher=Airfleets.net|accessdate=16 December 2011}}</ref> it renews its fleet frequently.
Emirates operates an exclusively wide-bodied aircraft fleet, composed of three aircraft families: the [[Airbus A330]]/[[Airbus A340|A340]], [[Airbus A380]] and the [[Boeing 777]]. In keeping with its policy of maintaining a young fleet, which stands at an average of 6.7 years as of December 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airfleets.net/ageflotte/Emirates.htm|title=Emirates fleet Age|publisher=Airfleets.net|accessdate=16 December 2011}}</ref> it renews its fleet frequently.
The airline also ranks as the largest in the world by international [[seating capacity]], according to the latest annual report by IATA.<ref>[http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100717/BUSINESS/707179956/1005 A rapid lift-off for Gulf airlines pays dividends]. Thenational.ae. Retrieved on 28 November 2010.</ref>
The airline also ranks as the largest in the world by international [[seating capacity]], according to the latest annual report by IATA.<ref>[http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100717/BUSINESS/707179956/1005 A rapid lift-off for Gulf airlines pays dividends]. Thenational.ae. Retrieved on 28 November 2010.</ref>


The Emirates passenger aircraft fleet consists 191 aircraft as of December 2012 with an average age of 6.5 years. A further 192 aircraft are on order.
The Emirates passenger aircraft fleet consists of 191 aircraft as of December 2012 with an average age of 6.5 years. A further 192 aircraft are on order.


===Cargo===
===Cargo===

Revision as of 11:42, 2 June 2013

This article is about the airline. For the London cable car system, see Emirates Air Line (cable car).

Emirates Airline
IATA ICAO Callsign
EK UAE EMIRATES
Founded1985
Commenced operations25 October 1985 (1985-10-25)
HubsDubai International Airport [A]
Frequent-flyer programSkywards
Subsidiaries
Fleet size199 Emirates fleet[1]
Destinations133 (as of May 2013)[2]
Parent companyThe Emirates Group
HeadquartersGarhoud, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Key people
Websitewww.emirates.com

Emirates (Arabic: طَيَران الإمارات DMG: Ṭayarān al-Imārāt) is an airline based at Dubai International Airport in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the largest airline in the Middle East, operating over 3,000 flights per week,[3][4] from its hub at Terminal 3, to 133 cities in 77 countries across six continents.[5] The company also operates four of the world's ten longest non-stop commercial flights from Dubai to Los Angeles, San Francisco, Dallas, and Houston.[6][7][8] Emirates is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group, which has nearly 68,000 employees, and is wholly owned by the government of Dubai directly under the Investment Corporation of Dubai.[9] Cargo activities are undertaken by the Emirates Group's Emirates SkyCargo division.[10]

During the mid-1980s, Gulf Air began to cut back its services to Dubai. As a result Emirates was conceived in March 1985 with backing from Dubai's royal family, whose Dubai Royal Air Wing provided two of the airline's first aircraft. It was required to operate independent of government subsidies, apart from $10 million in start-up capital. The airline became headed by Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, the airline's present chairman. In the years following its founding, the airline expanded both its fleet and its destinations.[11] In October 2008, Emirates moved all operations at Dubai International Airport to Terminal 3, a new terminal exclusively dedicated to Emirates to sustain its rapid expansion and growth plans.[12]

Emirates operates a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing wide-body aircraft and is one of only nine airlines to operate an all-wide-body aircraft fleet,[13] whose centrepiece is the Boeing 777. Emirates also has orders for 90 Airbus A380s with 33 of them already in service and became the second operator of the Airbus A380-800 after Singapore Airlines when their first aircraft was delivered on 28 July 2008.[14] Emirates has won numerous awards and is an industry bellwether for aircraft purchases, purchasing over 130 aircraft in 2007 alone.[15]

The airline ranks amongst the top 10 carriers worldwide in terms of revenue and passenger kilometres, and has become the largest airline in the Middle East in terms of revenue, fleet size, and passengers carried as of 2007.[16] In 2011 the airline was the fourth-largest airline in the world in terms of international passengers carried,[17] and largest in the world in terms of scheduled international passenger-kilometres flown.[18] The airline was also the third largest in terms of scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown.[19]

Emirates has built up a strong brand name as a leader in the aviation industry, particularly in terms of service excellence, and its very rapid growth, coupled with consistent profitability.[20][21]

In February 2011, Air Transport World gave Emirates Airline the title of "Airline of the Year" for 2011. The award has been given based on recognition of its commitment to safety and operational excellence, customer service trendsetters, financial condition including a 22-year consecutive annual profit.[22]

History

Origins: 1985–1992

An Emirates Airbus A300, one of the airline's first aircraft (1995)
The Airbus A310 was Emirates' first new-build aircraft. Nine A310s were operated by 1998

During the mid-1980s, Gulf Air began to cut back its services to Dubai as it was concerned it was providing regional feeder flights for other carriers.[23] As a result Emirates was conceived in March 1985 with backing from Dubai's royal family, and was required to operate independent of government subsidies, apart from US$10 million in start-up capital. In mid-1980s, Pakistan International Airlines played a large role in establishing the Emirates airline. First by leasing two of its airplanes - Airbus 300 and Boeing 737 - as well as providing technical and administrative assistance to the new carrier. Also Emirates leased a new Boeing 737–300 and an Airbus 300B4-200,[24] both from Pakistan International Airlines.[25] The Royal Family's Dubai Royal Air Wing also provided the airline with two used Boeing 727-200 Adv.[26] The airline's first flight, flight EK600, was Dubai–Karachi on 25 October 1985.[26][27]

Maurice Flanagan, who previously worked at British Airways, Gulf Air, and BOAC and at the time was overseeing Dnata, was appointed chief executive officer of the new airline.[23] To acknowledge his services for aviation, in 2000, Flanagan was made CBE in the Queen's Birthday Honour List, and later honoured with knighthood. He would be joined at the airline by Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum (as chairman) and now-Emirates president Tim Clark. Current chairman Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum has since inherited the role of CEO. During its first year, it carried about 260,000 passengers and 10,000 tons of freight.[28] To highlight the airline's early success, Gulf Air, during Emirates' first year of operations, suffered a 30% drop in profits, and a loss the following year.[28] By 1986, the airline was adding new destinations such as Colombo, Dhaka, Amman and Cairo to its route network.[26] In 1987 a second Boeing 727 was purchased from the Dubai Government and an A300 was temporarily replaced by a second example from Kuwait Airlines. On 3 July, Emirates received its first bought aircraft, an Airbus A310 (registration A6-EKA),[26] and with two examples, launched daily non-stop services to London Gatwick on 6 July 1987. The airline in 1987 added Frankfurt via Istanbul, and Malé (Maldive).[28] This was followed by an expansion into the Far East market in 1989, with flights to Bangkok, Manila and Singapore,[26] and Hong Kong in 1991.[28] During the first decade of operations, Emirates recorded strong growths averaging 30%.[23] This was despite the lack of a regional network, as its main competitor Gulf Air dominated traffic in the region. This growth came as the region was experiencing a downturn, with the Gulf War and the laying off expatriate workers as factors. In its second year, competitors had accused Emirates of starting a price war, something the airline's competitors still accuse Emirates of doing. The airline argued that its lower fares were stimulating traffic, not stealing it from its rivals. By the early '90s, Emirates was one of the fastest-growing airlines in the world, with revenues increasing by around $100 million every year. By the end of 1987, Emirates was serving 11 destinations. One reason for the success of Emirates was its aggressive marketing and the high level of in-flight service in its new Airbus aircraft, which it outfitted with spaced seating compared to competitors. For example, in 1992 Emirates launched personal TVs at all seats with First Class passengers being provided with individual video players and by 1993, all aircraft in the fleet were equipped with personal TV's.

Incorporation and growth: 1993–1999

By the early 1990s, Emirates was among the world's fastest growing airlines; revenue increased approximately US$100 million each year, approaching US$500 million in the year 1993. The airline carried 1.6 million passengers and 68,000 tons of cargo and in the same year, respectively.[28]

The Boeing 777 has become an integral part of the fleet in recent years. Emirates is the world’s largest operator of the Boeing 777 and the only airline to have bought every version of the aircraft (777-200/ER, 777-200LR, 777-300 and 777-300ER).[29]

With the advent of the Gulf War, business increased for Emirates as the war kept other airlines out of the area; it was the only airline to continue flying in the last ten days of the war.[28] Following the conflicts, a total of 92 air carriers were flying to markets internationally and Emirates faced intense competition at its home base. It carried about three million passengers a year to Dubai International Airport in the mid-1990s. Emirates continued to expand during the late 1990s. The growing cargo business accounted for 16 percent of the airline's total revenues.

Emirates started offering round-the-world services from autumn 1993, after a partnership was established with US Airways.[28] It previously had co-operation agreements with Cyprus Airways.[28] By 1994, with its 15 aircraft, the airline was connecting 32 destinations. At this time Emirates was the sixth largest airline in the Middle East. To highlight the carrier's rapid growth, in the financial year ending 30 March 1994, Emirates received revenues of US$643.4 million. The airline's workforce was approximately 4,000 people, carrying two million passengers a year to 34 destinations using a fleet of 18 Airbus aircraft. An order for seven new Boeing 777s, worth over US$1 billion, were placed in 1992, which started to arrive in the spring of 1996. One of the planes was used on a new service to Melbourne via Singapore. Emirates placed a large order with Airbus later the same year. In spite of the large capital expenditures, the Dubai government had laid out only US$50 million since the airline's inception.

By 1995, the airline expanded the fleet to six Airbus A300s and eight Airbus A310s and built the network up to cover 37 destinations in 30 countries. Then by 1996, the airline received its first Boeing 777-200 aircraft, and these were followed shortly afterwards by six Boeing 777-200ERs. Emirates were the first airline in the world to introduce ten abreast seating in Economy on the 777 using a 3-4-3 configuration instead of the more normal nine abreast 3-3-3 or 2-5-2 configurations used by other carriers. The arrival of the 777 allowed Emirates to continue its Singapore service onwards to Melbourne commencing in 1996 which would become a very profitable route for Emirates and would see more new destinations added in Australia. In 1998 Emirates Sky Cargo was launched. Although the Emirates had always provided a cargo service using capacity within its passenger aircraft this was now expanded with an Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance and Insurance lease agreed with Atlas Air initially for a single Boeing 747-200 freighter.[30]

In May 1998, Emirates paid the Government of Sri Lanka US$70 million for a 43.6% stake in SriLankan Airlines (then known as Air Lanka).[31] As part of the deal, Emirates received a 10-year contract to manage SriLankan.[32] In January 2008, Emirates announced that it would end the management contract, effective April 2008.[32][33] Emirates subsequently sold its stake in the airline to the Government of Sri Lanka, in an estimated US$150 million[31] deal that was finalised in 2010, thus ending any affiliation the two airlines had with each other.[34]

The first of an eventual twenty nine Airbus A330-200s arrived in 1999 and these enabled the phasing out of the earlier A300 and A310 models.

Modern history: 2000–present

In 2000, Emirates made an order for twenty five Boeing 777-300s, eight Airbus A340-600s, three Airbus A330-200s and twenty-two of the double deck A3XXs which were later renamed A380, being ordered at the 2001 Dubai Air Show. Towards the end of the year, Emirates was planning to start long-haul services to the East Coast and West Coast of the United States, as well as non-stop flights to Australia and Brazil. During 2002, Emirates passenger figures increased 18% to over 6.8 million against the previous year.[35]

Airbus A330-200 lands at Bole International Airport.

The financial year 2001-02 would prove to be a very difficult year for Emirates and one of the toughest for the airline. Initially sales were affected by a recession and later tragically influenced by the bombing of Colombo Airport. The bombing destroyed 3 of SriLankan Airlines' 12 aircraft and also damaged 3 other aircraft, proving costly for Emirates to repair and replace the aircraft. A few months later, the September 11 attacks in New York hurt the airline. Emirates reported that thousands of travelers cancelled or deferred their travel and on top of that and at the same time, Emirates needed to find funds for a multi-billion dollar insurance cover as rates were rocketed by the world’s insurance companies. Seat factors fell considerably and profitability disappeared. The airline announced a recruitment freeze, but did not make any redundancies. The airline also had to reduce flight frequencies to other destinations. A benefit to Emirates however, was that some international airlines cut flights to Dubai due to the unstable situation in the region, which helped Emirates on some routes due to the lower competition.[36] Despite the rough economic climate for the aviation industry, Emirates was voted by Skytrax as Airline of the Year in 2001 and 2002 at the Skytrax World Airline Awards. However after 2002, Emirates would not be awarded that acolade, and was subsequently downgraded to 4 stars in 2002.[37]

At the 2003 Paris Air Show, Emirates signed an order for 71 aircraft at a cost of US$19 billion. The order included firm purchase orders for a further 21 Airbus A380-800s and lease orders for two A380-800s. Emirates also announced operating lease orders for 26 Boeing 777-300ERs – 14 from GE Capital Aviation Services and 12 from the International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC).[38] In the same year Emirates began flying directly to Sydney using three new Airbus A340-500s.

In 2004, Emirates began flying non-stop to New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport using their new Airbus A340-500. These flights meant the resumption of non-stop air services between the United Arab Emirates and the USA, after Delta Air Lines's flights since 2001, terminated later[39][40] and restarted again in 2007. In the same year, Emirates signed a £100 million deal with English Premier League football team Arsenal, which includes naming rights to its new stadium for 15 years and shirt sponsorship for eight years, starting from the 2006/07 season. In 2005, Emirates ordered 42 Boeing 777s in a deal worth $9.7 billion, the largest Boeing 777 order in history.[41] A year later, Emirates SkyCargo signed a $2.8 billion order for 10 Boeing 747-8Fs.

Emirates has been steadily capturing the traffic from South Asia to North America, allowing passengers to bypass the traditional hubs of London Heathrow, Frankfurt Airport, and Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport; the home bases of British Airways, Lufthansa, and Air France, respectively, with a transit stop at Dubai International Airport instead. South Asia has remained an important region for the Emirates network. Pakistan was the first country to receive flights and since then, Emirates operates to 4 destinations in the country.[42] India was the second country to receive flights from Emirates, and continues to expand an extensive network in India. Emirates is the largest airline operating internationally in India and operates over 185 flights a week across 10 cities.[43] Similarly, Emirates competes with British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways International, Middle Eastern rivals Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways, and other airlines on the lucrative London to Sydney Kangaroo Route.[44]

In 2007, Emirates made an order worth over $34.9 billion, at the Dubai Air Show. The airline signed contracts for 120 Airbus A350s, 11 A380s and 12 Boeing 777-300ERs.[45] In the same year, Emirates began flights to São Paulo representing the first non-stop flight between the Middle East and South America[46] and also began operations of its $120 million Flight Catering Centre at Dubai Airport.[47]

Emirates introduced an in-flight mobile phone service in 2008, becoming the first international carrier to do so.[48] Also in the same year, Emirates took delivery of their first A380, and flew its first flight to New York.[49]

In 2009, Emirates became the world’s largest operator of the Boeing 777 with the delivery of the 78th plane.[50] In 2010, at the Farnborough Airshow, the airline placed an order for 30 Boeing 777s, worth $9.1 billion, bringing total spending for aircraft in the year to over $25 billion.[29] In 2011, at the Dubai Airshow, Emirates placed another order for another 50 777s, worth about $18 billion, which its chairman claims to be the single largest order for Boeing.[51]

The growth of Emirates has drawn a lot of criticism form carriers like Lufthansa and Air Canada, both who are Star Alliance members, who claim Emirates has unfair advantages. Lufthansa has continuously lobbied against the German government to limit the expansion of Emirates into Germany, and hasn't allowed Emirates to begin operations to Berlin and Stuttgart since 2004.[52] Similarly, Air Canada has objected to any expansion into Canada from Emirates. The dispute has gotten attention from the governments of the UAE and Canada and despite many discussions from both governments, Emirates has not been given more landing rights in Canada, and has been denied expansion to Calgary and Vancouver.[53]

On 6 September 2012, it was announced that Emirates and Qantas had signed a 10 year agreement to set up a major alliance, which would see Qantas move its hub for its European flights from Singapore to Dubai Airport and would see Qantas end its existing 17-year revenue-sharing agreement with British Airways on the services between Australia and Britain. Emirates will also seek to use the alliance to increase the number of its passengers flying on its routes to other European destinations, and Emirates passengers will also be able to use the Qantas’ Australian domestic network of more than 50 destinations. Qantas will fly daily Airbus A380 services from both Sydney and Melbourne to London via Dubai, meaning that together the two airlines will be providing 98 weekly flights between Australia and the Emirates hub. It will also result in Qantas becoming the only other airline operating at Terminal 3 at Dubai International Airport. The airlines will align their frequent-flyer programs and Emirates will add a new level to match the Qantas platinum level.[54][55][56]

Airbus A380

Emirates announced an order in April 2000 for the Airbus A3XX (later named Airbus A380), the largest civil aircraft ever built. The deal consisted of five Airbus A380-800s and two Airbus A380Fs. The deal was confirmed on 4 November 2001, and Emirates announced orders for 15 more A380-800s at the same time. Two years later Emirates again placed an order, this time for 21 A380-800s. In April 2006, Emirates ordered two more A380-800s, and cancelled their two orders for the freighter variant. In 2007, Emirates ordered 15 A380-800s, bringing the total number ordered to 58.[57] Emirates justified its order saying that purchasing the 481- to 656-passenger Superjumbo was to maximize its use of scarce takeoff and landing slots at crowded airports such as London Heathrow.

Emirates Airbus A380 on final approach to Charles De Gaulle Airport in 2010.

In November 2005, the first A380-800 in full Emirates livery was flown to Dubai, where it was displayed at Dubai Airshow 2005.[58] On 20 November 2005, Emirates ordered 42 Boeing 777s, to help with its expansion. This order came one day after Airbus announced that the A380-800 Superjumbo would be delayed by another six months.[59] A third delay was announced on 3 October 2006, pushing the initial delivery of the first A380-800 to October 2007.[60] The announcement was met with anger by Emirates' President Tim Clark, who threatened to cancel their Airbus order as it was affecting the airline's expansion plan, saying that "It's very serious. This will do us serious damage."[61] In total as of April 2008, Airbus paid as much as $110 million during 2007 in compensation for the late delivery of the A380-800 to Emirates for the delays.[62] During the same year, on 1 August, Emirates flew its first A380-800 flight, with 489 passengers, from Dubai to New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport.[63][64]

In February 2009, Emirates raised many issues concerning its A380.[65][66] Emirates gave a 46-page presentation in Toulouse, informing Airbus officials about heat-damaged power cables, defective engines and numerous malfunctions, many reportedly caused by the two showers installed in the aircraft.[67][68][69]

On 8 June 2010, at the Berlin Air Show, Emirates ordered an additional 32 A380s worth US$11.5 billion. The deal was the biggest single order for the world’s largest passenger aircraft.[70][71] This latest order, added to the 58 A380s previously ordered, brings the total to 90.[72] Emirates expects all 90 superjumbos to be delivered by 2017. None of the additional 32 jets are intended to replace existing A380s; although Emirates received its first A380 in 2008, it does not expect to retire these early airframes before 2020.[73] Later in June 2010, Tim Clark, the president of Emirates, hinted at further orders for A380s.[74]

Emirates aims to operate over 120 Airbus A380s when new airport space is available. The target implies a future Emirates order for 30 of the world's largest airliner, worth US$10 billion at list prices, at an unspecified date. If the airline went ahead with its growth plans it would have an A380 fleet worth over US$40 billion.[75][76]

The airline now uses their Airbus A380-800s on flights to (in order of launch date) New York–JFK (started in 2008, then again in 2010), London Heathrow, Sydney, Auckland (via Sydney) and (via Melbourne from October 2012),[77] Bangkok,[78] Toronto, Paris–CDG,[79][80] Seoul/Incheon, Jeddah,[81] Beijing–Capital, Manchester,[82] Hong Kong (direct,[83] and via Bangkok[83]), Shanghai–Pudong, Johannesburg,[84] Munich[85] Rome,[86] Kuala Lumpur, Tokyo-Narita, Amsterdam, Melbourne (which continues on to Auckland), Moscow-Domodedovo[87] The Dubai to Jeddah route currently is the shortest route flown by the Airbus A380 taking approximately 3 hours, following the introduction and withdrawal of the London to Paris services by Air France over Summer 2010.

As of March 2012, 6 of Emirates' 21 A380s are out for repairs, costing the airline revenue loss of $90 million.[88]

Terminal 3

Main article: Dubai International Airport Terminal 3
External videos
video icon A promotional video used by Emirates on Terminal 3

Dubai International Airport's Terminal 3 was built exclusively for the use of Emirates at a cost of $4.5 billion and officially opened 14 October 2008. Terminal 3 is the largest building in the world by floor space, with over 1,713,000 m2 (423 acres) of space. The Terminal has annual capacity of 43 million passengers.[89] The new concourse 3 opened on 2 January 2013 and is built exclusively for the A380-800.[90][91][92]

It was announced on 6 September 2012, that Terminal 3 would no longer be Emirates Exclusive, as Emirates and Qantas had set up an extensive Code Sharing Agreement. Qantas would be the 2nd and only one of two airlines to fly in and out of Terminal 3. This deal also allows Qantas to use the A380 Dedicated Concourse.[93]

In May 2011, Paul Griffiths, chief executive of Dubai Airports revealed that Emirates will eventually take over the operation of Concourse 1, along with concourse 2 and 3 which it will already be operating in 2018.[94]

Corporate management

Emirates A340-500 landing in Zurich

The airline is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group, which itself is a subsidiary of the Dubai government's investment company, Investment Corporation of Dubai.[95][96][97] The airline has recorded a profit every year, except the second, and growth has never fallen below 20% a year. In its first 11 years, it doubled in size every 3.5 years, and has every four years since.[98]

In 2010 Emirates paid dividends worth AED956 million (US$260 million), compared to AED2.9 billion (US$793 million) in 2009.[99] The government has received Dhs7.1 billion from Emirates since dividends started being paid in 1999 for having provided an initial start-up capital of US$10 million and an additional investment of about US$80 million at the time of the airline's inception,[100] the Dubai government is the sole owner of the company. However, it does not put any new money into it, nor does it interfere with running the airline.[98]

Structure and employment

Main article: Emirates subsidiaries

Emirates has diversified into related industries and sectors, including airport services, engineering, hospitality services, catering, and tour operator operations. Emirates has seven subsidiaries and its parent company has more than 50.[101][102]

Emirates employed a total of 38,797 staff at the end of the fiscal year on 31 March 2011.[103] Its parent company, The Emirates Group, employed a total of 49,950 employees of which 10,785 were cabin crew, 2,237 were flight deck crew, 1,904 were in engineering, and 9,084 were listed as other.[104]

The primary focus for Emirates and its employees is to deliver superior customer service. In turn, Emirates provides its employees with benefits such as comprehensive health plans and paid maternity and sick leave. Another strategy employed by Emirates is to use profit sharing and merit pay as part of their competency based approach to performance management.[105]

Financial and operational performance

In the financial year 2011–12, Emirates generated revenues of around AED 62 billion, which represented an increase of approximately 15% over the previous year's revenues of AED 54 billion. Passenger numbers also increased from over 31 million to around 34 million over the same period representing an increase of around 8%. In the financial year 2009-2010, passenger numbers reached 27.4 million,[103] up from 22.7 million reported in 2008–09 representing an increase of 20.1% over the previous year. Cargo carried in 2009–10 also improved, by 12.2% to 1,580,000 tonnes (2008–09: 1,408,000 tonnes).[106] The airline's profits for the 2009/10 fiscal year rose by more than fourfold to AED 3,538 million ($964 million) up by AED 2,852 million (2008–09: AED 686 million) on the back of cost cutting and a nearly 21 percent rise in passengers.[107] Its parent company saw profit up 248% for to $1.1 billion for the year to 31 March compared with a $406m profit for the previous year.[108][109][110] The airline claims it pays market rates for its fuel, contrary to common belief, however it has a highly successful fuel-price-hedging program.[105]

As of March 2012, Emirates does not use fuel price hedging. Fuel is 45% of total costs, and may come to $1.7 billion in the year ending 31 March 2012.[88]

The airline was the seventh-largest airline in the world in terms of international passengers carried,[17] and the largest[18] in the world in terms of scheduled international passenger-kilometers flown. It is also the seventh-largest in terms of scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown (sixth in scheduled international freight tonne-kilometres flown).[111]

Emirates Financial and Operational Performance[D][112][113]
Year Ended Passengers Flown (thousand) Cargo carried (thousand) Turnover (AEDm) Expenditure (AEDm) Net Profit(+)/Loss(-) (AEDm)
31 March 1997 Increase3,114.3 Increase159.4 Increase1,198.7 Increase1,097.1 Increase(+)101.623
31 March 1998 Increase3,683.4 Increase200.1 Increase4,089.1 Increase3,826.7 Increase(+)262.413
31 March 1999 Increase4,252.7 Increase214.2 Increase4,442.9 Increase4,130.2 Increase(+)312.959
31 March 2000 Increase4,775.4 Increase269.9 Increase5,113.8 Increase4,812.9 Decrease(+)300.900
31 March 2001 Increase5,719 Increase335 Increase6,359 Increase5,693 Increase(+)666
31 March 2002 Increase6,765 Increase401 Increase7,137 Increase6,511 Decrease(+)626
31 March 2003 Increase8,503 Increase525 Increase9,514 Increase8,513 Increase(+)1,001
31 March 2004 Increase10,441 Increase660 Increase13,116 Increase11,368 Increase(+)1,749
31 March 2005 Increase12,529 Increase838 Increase17,909 Increase15,290 Increase(+)2,619
31 March 2006 Increase14,498 Increase1,019 Increase22,658 Increase20,006 Increase(+)2,652
31 March 2007 Increase17,544 Increase1,156 Increase29,173 Increase25,834 Increase(+)3,339
31 March 2008 Increase21,229 Increase1,282 Increase38,810 Increase34,359 Increase(+)4,451
31 March 2009 Increase22,731 Increase1,408 Increase43,266 Increase40,988 Decrease(+)2,278
31 March 2010 Increase27,454 Increase1,580 Increase43,455 Decrease39,890 Increase(+)3,565
31 March 2011 Increase31,422 Increase1,767 Increase54,231 Increase48,788 Increase(+)5,443
31 March 2012 Increase33,981 Increase1,796 Increase62,287 Increase60,474 Decrease(+)1,813
31 March 2013 Increase39,391 Increase2,086 Increase73,113 Increase70,274 Increase(+)2,839

Branding

The calligraphy of the logo in Arabic on the engines of their Airbus A380.

From 2004, the airline changed its slogan to Fly Emirates. Keep Discovering In 2008, Emirates launched a slogan mainly revolving around their route network of 100 destinations in 59+ countries across six continents – Fly Emirates. Keep Discovering and Fly Emirates. To over Six Continents.[114] Most recently Emirates launched a campaign to promote Dubai as a destination using the slogan Fly Emirates. Meet Dubai.

Other slogans used in the past by the airline include:

  • Emirates. The Finest in the Sky
  • Be Good to yourself. Fly Emirates
  • When was the last time you did something for the first time. Fly Emirates.
  • Fly Emirates. Keep Discovering
  • Hello Tomorrow

Emirates introduced a new design in August 2008 for its 16,000 uniformed staff, designed by Simon Jersey plc. The offboard uniform includes the Emirates hat, red kick-pleats in the skirts, more fitted blouses and the return of red leather shoes and handbags. For the onboard uniform, male and female cabin crew wear service waistcoats in place of the previously worn service jackets and tabards. The male flight attendants wear a chocolate brown suit, featuring pinstripes, with a cream shirt and a caramel, honey and red tie. Both male and female Pursers wear this chocolate brown color, but with no red featured.[115]

Emirates sponsors Bundesliga club Hamburger SV. The picture shown is Hamburger SV against Borussia Dortmund.

Since its formation in 1985, though to a limited extent until all aircraft were repainted, Emirates aeroplanes carried a section of the United Arab Emirates flag on the tail fins, a calligraphy of the logo in Arabic on the engines and the "Emirates" logo on the fuselage both in Arabic and English. The colour scheme used since 1985 was changed in November 1999 to the one still in use today. This change saw the modification of logotype, the enlargement and move of the English logo (the Arabic remaining smaller) towards the front of the aircraft and a different, flowing flag on the tailfin.[116] Some newer aircraft such as the Airbus A380-800, have the Emirates logo painted on the belly of the aircraft. Emirates aircraft also have the FIFA World Cup logo on them, as Emirates is the official airline sponsor. [117]

In cricket, Emirates sponsors Cricket Australia,[118] Lord's Taverners,[119] and Pro Arch Tournament.[120] Their branding also features on International Cricket Umpires shirts.[121] Emirates has also become an official partner of the International Cricket Council until 2015. This deal gives emirates association with all major ICC tournaments, including the 2011 and 2015 ICC Cricket World Cups, ICC Champions Trophy and ICC World Twenty20.[122] Emirates are the Twenty20 shirt sponsor of Durham County Cricket Club and hold the naming rights to the Chester-le-Street Riverside Ground now known as Emirates Durham International Cricket Ground. the Dubai International Racing Carnival, Melbourne Cup Carnival, and the Australian Jockey Club’s Autumn and Spring Carnival.[123] Emirates are also major sponsors of English Premier League club Arsenal. In August 2009 the Scottish Junior Football Association announced that Emirates would sponsor their Scottish Cup competition.[124] In 2011, Emirates sponsored the cross-Thames gondola lift, Emirates Air Line in London.They are also the major sponsor of the Deccan Chargers team of Indian Premier League, the largest domestic Cricket tournament in the world. Starting with the 2012 season, Emirates will sponsor the US Open Series, a six-week summer tennis season leading up to the US Open. Their sponsorship runs til 2019.[125] Emirates Airline is the sponsor of AFC travel and play in AFC Champions League, AFF Suzuki Cup, AC Milan, Arsenal, Paris Saint-Germain, Real Madrid (from 2013–14 season) and Bundesliga club Hamburger SV. Emirates Airline is the screen on BMTA by Plan B Media.

Destinations

Main article: Emirates destinations
Emirates Boeing 777-200LR landing at George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston

Emirates operates over 3,000 flights every week across its network of 132 destinations in over 78 countries on six continents from its hub in Dubai.[126][127] Several new destinations are added each year.

Alliance

Emirates is currently not a member of any of the three global airline alliances – Oneworld, SkyTeam and Star Alliance. In 2000, however, the carrier briefly considered joining Star Alliance,[128] but opted to remain independent of the three alliances. The reason for this was later revealed by senior vice-president of the airline's commercial operations worldwide that, "Your ability to react in the marketplace is hindered because you need a consensus from your alliance partners."[129]

Codeshare agreements

As of November 2012, Emirates has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[130]

Fleet

Main article: Emirates fleet
Emirates A340-300 landing in Perth Airport, Australia

Emirates operates an exclusively wide-bodied aircraft fleet, composed of three aircraft families: the Airbus A330/A340, Airbus A380 and the Boeing 777. In keeping with its policy of maintaining a young fleet, which stands at an average of 6.7 years as of December 2011,[134] it renews its fleet frequently. The airline also ranks as the largest in the world by international seating capacity, according to the latest annual report by IATA.[135]

The Emirates passenger aircraft fleet consists of 191 aircraft as of December 2012 with an average age of 6.5 years. A further 192 aircraft are on order.

Cargo

Emirates SkyCargo Boeing 747-400F landing at Frankfurt Airport
Main article: Emirates SkyCargo fleet

Emirates SkyCargo is the air freight division of Emirates. It began operations in October 1985, the same year Emirates was formed. Since then it has been the main cargo division of Emirates, and the anchor cargo airline at Dubai International Airport.

Emirates SkyCargo operates thirteen dedicated cargo aircraft, with ten on order.[136]

Environmental record

The airline claims to have lower emissions than other airlines due to its fleet which has an average fuel burn of less than four litres for every 100 passenger kilometres it flies.[137] The Cargo division of the airline uses a similar hub-and-spoke network of operations.

Fleet efficiency

External videos
video icon Emirates Environmental Corporate Video
  • Emirates has stated that its versions of the A380-800 will offer fuel economy of 3.1 litres per 100 passenger km. Emirates A380-800s also feature the Engine Alliance GP7200 engines, which save 500,000 litres of fuel per aircraft per year.[138]
  • The company uses a program called "Flextracks". The technology is used to plan and optimize routes efficiency and load factor. Passenger load factors were 81.2% in the 6 months to September 2010.[139]
  • Emirates has invested in a program called "tailored arrivals". This allows air traffic control to uplink to aircraft en route. It first determines the speed and flight profile from the air onto the runway, this allows the crew to accept and fly a continuous descent profile, saving fuel and emissions.[140]

Services

First Class suite on a Boeing 777-200LR
Skycruiser First Class on a Boeing 777-300ER
Business Class cabin on the Airbus A380-800
Onboard bar behind the Business Class cabin on the Airbus A380-800
Economy Class on the Boeing 777-300ER
Business Class ICE introductory screen on the Boeing 777-300ER
Emirates A380 ICE screen showing tail camera view
File:EK ICE Emirates seatback.jpg
Economy Class ICE system boarding screen
Emirates self-service check-in at Dubai International Airport

Cabin

First Class

There are 3 types of first class seating; the full suite with doors, flat bed 'Skycruiser' seat (without doors) and 'Sleeper' seats.

The full suite options comes complete with closing doors to ensure privacy, a mini-bar, a coat rack and storage. They also feature the ICE system on a 23 in (58 cm) LCD screen. The seat converts into a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) fully flat bed. Private suites are available on all A380-800, A340-500, Boeing 777-200LR aircraft, as well as 27 of 39 3-class Boeing 777-300ER aircraft.

'Skycruiser' seating is available on the remaining 12 Boeing 777-300ERs, Boeing 777-200s and Boeing 777-300s feature seat that extend to flat beds using integrated passenger seat control, along with the ICE system and a 19 in (48 cm) screen. First class seats may also include a personal minibar.[141]

'Sleeper' seating is available on 3-class A330-200 and A340-300 aircraft. The seats feature a pitch of 72 inches (A330-200) and 86 inches (A340-300) and lie nearly flat.

On its newly delivered A380-800, first class features private suites,[142] two shower-equipped lavatories and spa,[143] and access to the first/business class bar area and lounge.[144] Premium class seating is located on the entire upper deck of A380-800 aircraft.

Business Class

Business class on Boeing 777-200LRs, Boeing 777-300s and most B777-300ERs feature seats with a 60 in (150 cm) pitch that recline to 79 in (200 cm)-long, angled lie-flat beds.[145] Amenities include massage function, privacy partition, winged headrest with six-way movement, two individual reading lights and an overhead light per seat, in-seat power supply, USB Ports and an RCA socket for laptop connection, over 600 channels of entertainment on ICE, shown on a 17 in (43 cm) wide TV screen.

The A340-500s have deeply reclining sleeper seats which have a 60 in (150 cm) pitch and are 18 in (46 cm) wide. All A340-500 aircraft feature the ICE system in all three classes. The Boeing 777-200s and the remaining 777-300ERs have deeply reclining seats which are almost lie-flat. They have a 58 in (150 cm) pitch and are 20.5 in (52 cm) wide. The Boeing 777-200s also feature the ICE system. On Airbus A330 aircraft and A340-300s, the seats are standard business class recliners and feature a leg rest and seat back screens. These business class seats are smaller than other business class seats in the Emirates fleet as these aircraft are used predominantly on short-medium haul routes.

On Airbus A380-800 aircraft, the seats recline to form a fully flat bed and are equipped with personal mini-bars. Due to the unique staggered layout, half of the business class seats on Emirates A380 are 9 inches shorter than the others, at only 70 inches long.[146] Business class passengers also have access to an on-board bar at the rear of the aircraft.[145] Business class passengers have the ability to customize and save seat and in-flight entertainment settings to a memory key for re-use on future flights.

Economy class

Emirates Economy Class offers a 31–32 inch seat pitch (79–81 cm) and standard seat width (except on the Boeing 777 fleet). Emirates is one of the few airlines that have ten seats per row on its Boeing 777 fleet. The seat features adjustable headrests, a 600–1000 channel ICE In-Flight-Entertainment and in-seat laptop power-outlets on newer aircraft and laptop recharging facilities in galleys in older aircraft. There is additional recline on A380 Economy Class seats.[147][148][149]

In-flight entertainment system

Emirates became the first airline in the world to introduce a personal entertainment system on a commercial aircraft after introducing the world’s first seat-back screens in 1992. All three classes feature a personal in-flight entertainment (IFE) system on Emirates aircraft. There are three types of entertainment system on Emirates: ice; ice Digital Widescreen; and Emirates tv&radio.

Emirates has won the award for best in-flight-entertainment from Skytrax for their ICE system every year since the system's inception in 2003. At present, almost 70% of the fleet has the ice in-flight entertainment and by 2011 the entire Emirates fleet is set to have the system. ICE offers more channels than any other in-flight entertainment system.[150]

Emirates TV&radio is also offered mainly on short haul routes, and 30% of the Emirates fleet offers passengers with 15 video and 26 audio channels, as well as 50 video games. Also available are BBC headlines, an airshow and external cameras giving a birdseye view from the plane.[151]

ICE

ICE (Information, Communication, Entertainment) is the in-flight entertainment system operated by Emirates.

Introduced in 2003, ICE is available on all new aircraft and features between 600 and 1200 channels to all passengers.[152] ICE is found on the airline’s Airbus A380-800, Airbus A340-500, Boeing 777-300ER/ULR and Boeing 777-200LR/ULR aircraft. It is also available on all Boeing 777–300 aircraft which have all been retrofitted.[153]

In July 2007, Emirates introduced ICE Digital Widescreen, an updated version of ICE. It offers over 1200 channels of pre-selected entertainment (up from 600) available to all passengers. ICE Digital Widescreen is available on all new aircraft.[154]

Information

The system is based on the 3000i system from Panasonic Avionics Corporation. ICE provides passengers with a direct data link to BBC News. ICE is the first IFE system to be connected directly to automatic news updates. This is complemented by ICE's Airshow moving-map software from Rockwell Collins. Exterior cameras located on the aircraft can be viewed by any passenger, through the IFE system, during takeoff and landing. Emirates was also one of the first airlines to introduce high-speed, in-flight Internet service along with Singapore Airlines, by installing the Inmarsat’s satellite system and became the second airline in the world to offer live international television broadcasts using the same system.[155]

Communication

ICE also contains a link to an in-flight email server which allows passengers to access, send or receive emails for US $1 per message.[156] ICE also contains a seat-to-seat chat service. In November 2006 the airline signed a deal with mobile communications firm AeroMobile to allow in-flight use of mobile phones to call or text people on the ground, on selected 777s. The service was first introduced on a commercial service between Dubai and Casablanca on 20 March 2008.[157]

Entertainment

The ICE system includes movies, music, and video games. ICE offers over 130 on-demand movie titles and 15 video on demand channels, 60 prerecorded television channels, 350 audio channels, and around 50 video-game titles. ICE can also be accessed in 10 languages such as English, French, German, Spanish, Arabic, Korean, and Japanese.[158] Since 2003, all entertainment options are available on-demand to all classes with options to pause, forward, and rewind them. The entertainment selections include only heterosexual-themed movies, TV series, etc.

Emirates began to feature docking capability for Apple Inc.'s iPod portable music and video player as of mid-2007. This allows the device's battery to be charged, but also allows integration with Emirates' in-flight entertainment (IFE) system. This also enables the IFE system to play music, television shows, or movies stored on the iPod, as well as function as a control system.[159]

Ground services

Passengers may check-in between two to 48 hours prior to flight departure. This may be done over the counter or at the lounge within the airport. Self-service kiosks are also available at Dubai International Airport,[160] as well as at certain stations of the Dubai Metro.

Alternatively, they may check-in through the Internet or by short message service. Online printing of boarding passes is available through Internet check-in. Passengers on short trips may also check-in on their return flight upon departure from the city of origin.

Lounges

First and business class passengers, as well as Skywards Gold and Silver members, have access to Emirates Lounges. The airline has 32 lounges in 28 cities.[161] Skywards Silver members can use the lounge in Concourse 1 at Dubai Airport. At airports in which Emirates does not operate a departure lounge, a third party departure lounge is usually provided for First and Business class passengers as well as Skywards Gold members.[162]

Chauffeur-drive

First and business class passengers can make use of complimentary chauffeur-driven airport transfers in selected cities.

Frequent-flyer program

Main article: The Emirates Group § Loyalty programs

Emirates uses Skywards as their frequent-flyer program. Skywards is a four-tier frequent-flyer program operated by Emirates. It is used by over 5.72 million customers.[163] The three primary tiers are Blue; Silver which requires 25,000 tier miles for entry; and Gold, which requires 50,000 tier miles for entry.[164]

The Platinum tier requires 150,000 tier miles for entry. [165]

Business model

Emirates aircraft parked at Dubai International Airport
Main article: Emirates business model

The established network carriers in Europe and Australia, i.e. Air France-KLM, British Airways, Lufthansa, and Qantas, perceive Emirates' strategic decision to reposition itself as a global carrier as a major threat because it enables air travellers to by-pass traditional airline hubs such as London Heathrow, Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, and Frankfurt Airports on their way between Europe/North America and Asia/Australia by changing flights in Dubai instead. These carriers also find it difficult to deal with the growing competitive threat Emirates poses to their business because of their much higher cost base.[166][167]

Some of these carriers, notably Air France and Qantas, have accused Emirates of receiving hidden state subsidies and of maintaining too cozy a relationship with Dubai's airport authority and its aviation authority, both of which are also wholly state-owned entities that share the same government owner with the airline. They also allege that Emirates is able to reduce its borrowing costs below market rates by taking advantage of its government shareholders' sovereign borrower status. They claim that this government support cross-subsidises the airline, masking its true financial performance.[98][168]

In May 2010, Emirates Airline executives refuted claims that the carrier does not pay taxes and receives substantial financial assistance from the Dubai government. They claimed that the airline received $80m in cash in kind since the start of the airline 25 years ago and this was substantially lower to what other national carriers have received. Maurice Flanagan also claimed that Emirates incurred social costs of around $600m in 2009 and this included municipal taxes to the city of Dubai. The airline also paid a dividend of AED956m ($260m) in 2010, compared to AED2.9bn ($793m) in 2009 and each year the Government has received at least $100m in dividends.[169]

Emirates also faces competition from other UAE-based airlines, Etihad Airways of Abu Dhabi and the low-budget Air Arabia of Sharjah,[170] as well as Qatar Airways of Qatar.

Accidents and incidents

  • On 9 April 2004, an Emirates Airbus A340-300 operating a flight from Johannesburg to Dubai sustained serious damage during takeoff when it failed to become airborne before the end of the runway, striking 25 approach lights, causing four tyres to burst which in turn threw debris into various parts of the aircraft, ultimately damaging the flap drive mechanism. This rendered the flaps immoveable in the takeoff position. The aircraft returned for an emergency landing during which the normal braking system failed as a result of the damage. The aircraft was brought to a stop only 250 metres from the end of the 3,400 metre runway using reverse thrust and the alternate braking system.[171] In their report, South African investigators found that the captain had used an erroneous take-off technique, and criticised Emirates training and rostering practices.[172]
  • On 20 March 2009, Emirates Flight 407, an Airbus A340-500 flying from Melbourne to Dubai failed to take off properly at Melbourne Airport, hitting several structures at the end of the runway before eventually climbing enough to return to the airport for a safe landing. In spite of the fact that no fatalities or injuries resulted from this accident, it was severe enough to be classified as an accident by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau.

Footnotes

Notes
  • A Emirates made a move of all its operations to its dedicated Terminal 3 at Dubai International Airport on 14 October 2008.
  • B The number of destinations does not include cargo-only destinations.
  • C The Emirates Group does not publish figures separately for Emirates SkyCargo or Emirates, instead both of the companies financial results are totaled together.
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Bibliography

Further reading

  • "Airliner World (Emirates – 25 Years of Excellence: Building a global network), pp. 28–37". Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. 2010. ISSN 1465-6337. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) (Airliner World online)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emirates (airline).
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