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'''Lahmacun''' or '''Lahmajoun''' or '''Lahma bi-'ajin''' ({{lang-ar|لحم بعجين}}; "meat with dough", {{lang-tr|lahmacun}}, {{lang-hy|լահմաջու}}),<ref name="Marks1999">{{cite book|last=Marks|first=Gil|title=The World of Jewish Cooking|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ux2lGKCKVPYC&q=Lahamagine&pg=PA37#v=onepage&q=Lahamagine&f=false|year=1999|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-684-83559-4|page=37}}</ref> also known as '''Turkish pizza''', '''Armenian pizza''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/armenian-pizza-comfort-food-you-didnt-know-you-were-missing-recipe-180967676/|title=‘Armenian Pizza’ Is the Comfort Food You Didn’t Know You Were Missing|publisher=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]|date=29 December 2017}}</ref>, '''Lebanese pizza''', or '''Syrian pizza''' is a round, thin piece of dough topped with minced meat (most commonly [[beef]] or [[lamb (food)|lamb]]), minced vegetables and herbs including onions, tomatoes and parsley, and spices such as cayenne pepper, paprika, cumin and cinnamon, then baked.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7IUAQAAIAAJ&q=lahm+bi+ajin|title=Lebanon|last=Jousiffe|first=Ann|date=1998|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=9780864423504|language=en}}</ref> Lahmacun is often wrapped around [[vegetables]], including [[Pickled cucumber|pickles]], [[tomato]]es, [[Capsicum|pepper]]s, [[onion]]s, [[lettuce]], and roasted [[eggplant]].<ref name="Ghillie Basan 1997 95">{{cite book |author = Ghillie Basan|title = Classic Turkish Cookery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb62ZJMNVBwC&pg=PA95|page= 95 |date = 1997 | publisher=Tauris Parke Books |isbn =1-86064-011-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Allen Webb|title=Teaching the Literature of Today's Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIusAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-83714-2|pages=70–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Sally Butcher|title=Veggiestan: A Vegetable Lover's Tour of the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5JG_CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT142|date= 2012|publisher=Anova Books|isbn=978-1-909108-22-6|pages=128–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Jeff Hertzberg, M.D.|author2=Zoë François|title=Artisan Pizza and Flatbread in Five Minutes a Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qT1BiqP20uUC&pg=PA216|date=2011|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-1-4299-9050-9|pages=216–218}}</ref> Though it somewhat resembles [[pizza]], it has only in modern times been called by that name, and it is of Middle Eastern rather than European origin. Furthermore, unlike pizza, lahmacun traditionally does not contain cheese.<ref name=Helstosky2008 />
'''Lahmacun''' or '''Lahmajoun''' or '''Lahma bi-'ajin''' ({{lang-ar|لحم بعجين}}; "meat with dough", {{lang-tr|lahmacun}}, {{lang-hy|լահմաջու}}),<ref name="Marks1999">{{cite book|last=Marks|first=Gil|title=The World of Jewish Cooking|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ux2lGKCKVPYC&q=Lahamagine&pg=PA37#v=onepage&q=Lahamagine&f=false|year=1999|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-684-83559-4|page=37}}</ref> also known as '''Turkish pizza''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1753389/turkish-flatbread-lahmacun-just-dont-call-it-pizza|title="Turkish flatbread lahmacun - just don't call it pizza"|publisher=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=4 April 2015}}</ref> '''Armenian pizza''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/armenian-pizza-comfort-food-you-didnt-know-you-were-missing-recipe-180967676/|title=‘Armenian Pizza’ Is the Comfort Food You Didn’t Know You Were Missing|publisher=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]|date=29 December 2017}}</ref>, '''Lebanese pizza''', or '''Syrian pizza''' is a round, thin piece of dough topped with minced meat (most commonly [[beef]] or [[lamb (food)|lamb]]), minced vegetables and herbs including onions, tomatoes and parsley, and spices such as cayenne pepper, paprika, cumin and cinnamon, then baked.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7IUAQAAIAAJ&q=lahm+bi+ajin|title=Lebanon|last=Jousiffe|first=Ann|date=1998|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=9780864423504|language=en}}</ref> Lahmacun is often wrapped around [[vegetables]], including [[Pickled cucumber|pickles]], [[tomato]]es, [[Capsicum|pepper]]s, [[onion]]s, [[lettuce]], and roasted [[eggplant]].<ref name="Ghillie Basan 1997 95">{{cite book |author = Ghillie Basan|title = Classic Turkish Cookery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb62ZJMNVBwC&pg=PA95|page= 95 |date = 1997 | publisher=Tauris Parke Books |isbn =1-86064-011-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Allen Webb|title=Teaching the Literature of Today's Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIusAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-83714-2|pages=70–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Sally Butcher|title=Veggiestan: A Vegetable Lover's Tour of the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5JG_CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT142|date= 2012|publisher=Anova Books|isbn=978-1-909108-22-6|pages=128–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Jeff Hertzberg, M.D.|author2=Zoë François|title=Artisan Pizza and Flatbread in Five Minutes a Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qT1BiqP20uUC&pg=PA216|date=2011|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-1-4299-9050-9|pages=216–218}}</ref> Though it somewhat resembles [[pizza]], it has only in modern times been called by that name, and it is of Middle Eastern rather than European origin. Furthermore, unlike pizza, lahmacun traditionally does not contain cheese.<ref name=Helstosky2008 />


Lahmacun is a popular dish in [[Armenia]],<ref name=Helstosky2008 /> [[Lebanon]],<ref name=Marks1999 /> [[Syria]],<ref name=Marks1999 /> [[Turkey]],<ref name=Helstosky2008 /> and in Armenian and Turkish communities worldwide.<ref name="Helstosky2008">{{cite book|author=Carol Helstosky|title=Pizza: A Global History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZbxAQAAQBAJ&q=popular%20in%20Turkey%2C%20Armenia#v=onepage&q=popular%20in%20Turkey%2C%20Armenia|date=2008|publisher=Reaktion Books|location=London|isbn=978-1-86189-630-8|pages=59–}}</ref>
Lahmacun is a popular dish in [[Armenia]],<ref name=Helstosky2008 /> [[Lebanon]],<ref name=Marks1999 /> [[Syria]],<ref name=Marks1999 /> [[Turkey]],<ref name=Helstosky2008 /> and in Armenian and Turkish communities worldwide.<ref name="Helstosky2008">{{cite book|author=Carol Helstosky|title=Pizza: A Global History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZbxAQAAQBAJ&q=popular%20in%20Turkey%2C%20Armenia#v=onepage&q=popular%20in%20Turkey%2C%20Armenia|date=2008|publisher=Reaktion Books|location=London|isbn=978-1-86189-630-8|pages=59–}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:52, 4 April 2019

Lahmacun
Lahmacun with salad
Alternative namesLaham b'ajin, lahamagine, lahmajoun[1]
Place of originLevant[1]
Main ingredientsminced meat, vegetables and herbs

Lahmacun or Lahmajoun or Lahma bi-'ajin (Arabic: لحم بعجين; "meat with dough", Turkish: lahmacun, Armenian: լահմաջու),[2] also known as Turkish pizza,[3] Armenian pizza,[4], Lebanese pizza, or Syrian pizza is a round, thin piece of dough topped with minced meat (most commonly beef or lamb), minced vegetables and herbs including onions, tomatoes and parsley, and spices such as cayenne pepper, paprika, cumin and cinnamon, then baked.[5] Lahmacun is often wrapped around vegetables, including pickles, tomatoes, peppers, onions, lettuce, and roasted eggplant.[6][7][8][9] Though it somewhat resembles pizza, it has only in modern times been called by that name, and it is of Middle Eastern rather than European origin. Furthermore, unlike pizza, lahmacun traditionally does not contain cheese.[10]

Lahmacun is a popular dish in Armenia,[10] Lebanon,[2] Syria,[2] Turkey,[10] and in Armenian and Turkish communities worldwide.[10]

Name

The name "lahmacun" derives from the Arabic: لحم عجين, laḥm ʿajīn, short for Arabic: لحم بعجين, laḥm bi-ʿajīn, meaning "meat with dough". Other forms of the name are the lahmajoun and Armenian: լահմաջու lahmaǰu and լահմաջո lahmaǰo.

History

Flatbreads in the Middle East have been cooked in tandoors and on metal frying pans such as the tava, for thousands of years.[1] They have been used to wrap meat and other foods for convenience and portability. However, it was not until the wider adoption in medieval times of the large stone oven, that flatbreads stuffed or topped with meat or other foods were baked together, cooking the bread and the topping at the same time. A variety of such dishes, such as sfiha and manakish, became popular in countries formerly parts of the Ottoman Empire, especially Turkey, Armenia, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq. A thin flatbread, topped with spiced ground meat, became known as laham b'ajin (meat with dough), shortened to lahmajin and similar names.[1]

Lahmacun was popular in the eastern regions of Turkey, and after 1960 it spread all over the country.[11][10]

Due to the hostile nature of the relations between Armenia and Turkey, the opening of Armenian restaurants serving the food in Russia was met by some protests.[12][13]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lahmacun.
  1. ^ a b c d Marks, Gil (17 November 2010). Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. HMH. ISBN 9780544186316 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ a b c Marks, Gil (1999). The World of Jewish Cooking. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-684-83559-4.
  3. ^ ""Turkish flatbread lahmacun - just don't call it pizza"". South China Morning Post. 4 April 2015.
  4. ^ "'Armenian Pizza' Is the Comfort Food You Didn't Know You Were Missing". Smithsonian. 29 December 2017.
  5. ^ Jousiffe, Ann (1998). Lebanon. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9780864423504.
  6. ^ Ghillie Basan (1997). Classic Turkish Cookery. Tauris Parke Books. p. 95. ISBN 1-86064-011-7.
  7. ^ Allen Webb (2012). Teaching the Literature of Today's Middle East. Routledge. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-1-136-83714-2.
  8. ^ Sally Butcher (2012). Veggiestan: A Vegetable Lover's Tour of the Middle East. Anova Books. pp. 128–. ISBN 978-1-909108-22-6.
  9. ^ Jeff Hertzberg, M.D.; Zoë François (2011). Artisan Pizza and Flatbread in Five Minutes a Day. St. Martin's Press. pp. 216–218. ISBN 978-1-4299-9050-9.
  10. ^ a b c d e Carol Helstosky (2008). Pizza: A Global History. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-1-86189-630-8.
  11. ^ "5000 yıllık geçmiş 'Lahmacun' - Timeturk: Haber, Timeturk Haber, HABER, Günün haberleri, yorum, spor, ekonomi, politika, sanat, sinema". www.timeturk.com. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  12. ^ McKernan, Bethan (27 October 2016). "A 'pizza war' has broken out between Turkey and Armenia". The Independent. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
  13. ^ "Lahmacun Kimin?". kapsamhaber.com/ (in Turkish). Retrieved 2018-12-10.
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