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Austrian Airlines

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Austrian Airlines AG
IATA ICAO Call sign
OS AUA AUSTRIAN
Founded1957 (as Österreichische Luftverkehrs AG)
HubsVienna International Airport
Focus citiesGraz Airport
Innsbruck Airport
Salzburg Airport
Frequent-flyer programMiles & More
AllianceStar Alliance
Fleet size76 (incl. subsidiaries)
Destinations117
Parent companyLufthansa Group
HeadquartersVienna Airport
Schwechat, Austria
Jurisdiction : Vienna[1]
Key peopleJaan Albrecht (CEO), Karsten Benz (CCO), Heinz Lachinger (CFO), Klaus Froese (Managing Director, Tyrolean Airways)
Websitewww.austrian.com

Austrian Airlines AG is the flag carrier of Austria and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group.[2][3] The airline is headquartered in the grounds of Vienna International Airport in Schwechat[4] and is a member of the Star Alliance.

Since July 1, 2012, all flights of Austrian Airlines are operated by subsidiary Tyrolean Airways under the brand name Austrian. The company operates scheduled services to over 130 destinations and maintains a hub at Vienna International Airport, with a focus city at Innsbruck Airport.[5]

History

Austrian Airlines headquarters in Office Park 2 at Vienna International Airport

Early years

Austrian Airlines was formed as Österreichische Luftverkehrs AG through the merger of Air Austria and Austrian Airways and began operations on 30 September 1957, making its maiden flight on 31 March 1958 when a Vickers Viscount 779 took off from Vienna to Zurich and London. The domestic services launched on 1 May 1963. The airline's transatlantic services began on 1 April 1969 with a Vienna via Brussels to New York service in co-operation with Sabena.

Jet period

Sud Caravelle Wien of Austrian Airlines at Vienna Airport in 1972

At he first, Austrian Airlines had a very big concurrence with Adria Airways because so many passengers from Štajerkska and Koroška travelled with Slovenian airlines. Austrian ordered its first jet airliner, the Sud Aviation Caravelle, on 18 February 1963 and the type was operated until 1973. From 1971, Austrian started to standardise her fleet in a short time frame in favour of 9 Douglas DC-9-32, that would serve for many years on short and medium-haul flights. In 1975, the first of 5 DC-9-51 was introduced. In 1977, Austrian become the first Customer for the DC-9-80 (or McDonnell Douglas MD-80) along with Swissair.

The first MD-81 entered service in October 1980, allowing longer range flights. In 1984, Austrian became the first customer for the MD-87 and played a significant role in the project. The first MD-87 entered service at the end of 1987, as well as MD-83 from 1990, while 6 MD-81 were upgraded to MD-82 standards.

Developments from 1990 to 2008

The 1990s were under the sign of cooperation and alliances. Austrian was one of the first company to join the Qualiflyer Group, founded by Swissair. It was also a time of quick expansion in long-haul filghts, with flights to China and South Africa.

In 2000, Austrian became a member of Star Alliance and acquired Lauda Air. It acquired Rheintalflug on 15 February 2001. Its name was shortened to Austrian in September 2003, when it rebranded its three constituent carriers.[5] On 1 October 2004 the Flight Operations Departments of Austrian and Lauda Air were merged into a single unit, leaving Lauda Air as a brand name only for charter flights. It has 6,394 employees.[5] The other subsidiary, Tyrolean Airways, specialised in regional flights, and was merged with Rheintalflug.

In October 2006, Austrian was forced to adopt a stringent cost-saving policy, and 2007 saw the shedding of over 500 jobs. Many long-haul destinations were cancelled, such as Sydney via Kuala Lumpur, Melbourne via Singapore, Kathmandu or Shanghai. 3 remaining Fokker 70 were sent to Tyrolean Airways. It was also decided to abandon the long-haul Airbus planes, consisting of 4 Airbus A340 and 4 Airbus A330, in order to standardise the fleet in favour of Boeing 777 and Boeing 767. Austrian Airlines removed complimentary in-flight meals and alcoholic drinks on short haul services, introducing what was called a "Self Select Bistro Service", except on flights from London and any flights above 100 minutes in duration.[6] Head office moved from Oberlaa to Vienna Airport in 2007, whereas headquarters remained in Vienna itself.

After a small profit of 3.3 million euros in 2007, financial guidance for 2008 had to be changed negatively several times, to a loss of 475 million euros expected as of end of November.[7]

Privatization and takeover by Lufthansa

In June 2008, the Merrill Lynch investment bank advised the Austrian Government to sell AUA to a foreign company. Interest was shown by Lufthansa, Air France-KLM, Royal Jordanian, Air China, Turkish Airlines, Aeroflot, S7 Airlines and Singapore Airlines. Of those, Lufthansa, Air France-KLM and S7 emerged.[8]

On 13 November 2008, state holding ÖIAG announced that Lufthansa was selected. The German company was to enter Austrian’s capital with a 41.6% share, for which it would pay €366,268.75.[9] AUA CEO Alfred Ötsch and OIAG chairman Peter Michaelis were heavily criticised for revealing to Lufthansa that it had to take over the €500 million debt only once the deal had been made binding. Michaelis refused a new tendering procedure, but was made a scapegoat with his shareholder rights removed,[10] and Ötsch resigned on 29 January 2013.[11]

On 1 July 2009, the European Commission initiated investigation on the acquisition for breach of free trade rules, suspecting that the tendering process was a fake one, everything being already decided in favour of Lufthansa.[12] Finally, with approval from the European Commission, Lufthansa purchased Austrian Airlines in September 2009.[13]

Shares in Austrian Airlines AG were suspended on Vienna Stock Exchange on 4 February 2010.[14] After a time of uncertainty following the demission of appointed CEO Thierry Antinori,[15] the arrival of Jaan Albrecht as the new CEO in 2011 signalled the beginning of a new era for the airline, with improving passenger numbers and a more strategic position within the Lufthansa framework. The completion of extension works at the Vienna International Airport will give the airline more room for expansion. As a result, in January 2012, a new strategy was implemented, with the addition of 11 new aircraft in the next three years, leading to a renewal of the fleet on the long term, with Airbus planes serving medium-haul routes and Boeings serving long-haul routes.

In December 2011, a new cost-saving plan was revealed, as AUA’s figures were still in the red despite the shedding of 2500 jobs. Lufthansa refused to provide financial support.[16] In March 2012, Austrian called once more for recapitalisation. Lufthansa approved a capital increase of €140 million, providing effective measure to be taken in order to address the structural deficiencies.[17]

The Lauda Air subsidiary was officially merged into Austrian Airlines on 1 July 2012.[18]

Operational transition to Tyrolean

On April 30, 2012, after failure of negotiations over cost cutting measures, AUA operations were taken over by subsidiary Tyrolean Airways.[19][20] Since this date all Austrian flights are operated by Tyrolean. However 110 pilots and 250 flight personnel chose not to go to Tyrolean and to instead leave the group.[21]

Corporate affairs

Ownership and subsidiaries

Austrian Airlines Group is wholly owned by Lufthansa.

The Group owns shares in 24 companies, including:

  • Ukraine International Airlines
  • Gulet-Touropa-Touristik
  • AVS-Versicherungen
  • TUI Austria
  • Traviaustria
  • AirPlus Kreditkarteninstitut
  • Wiener Börse AG
  • SCA Schedule Coordination Austria
  • ACS AirContainerService GmbH
  • Avicon Aviation Consult GmbH
  • Austrian Lufthansa Cargo GmbH
  • Austrian Airlines Tele Sales & Service GmbH

Austrian Airlines has been operating at a loss in recent years. Results were published in full in annual reports until 2008; following the takeover by Lufthansa, the style and content of the results changed, with summary information being made available by way of press releases. Figures are shown below (for years ending 31 December):

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Turnover (€m) 2,358 2,486 2,663 2,551 2,531 2,083 2,150 2,163 2,259 2,198
Operating profit (adjusted) (€m) −231 −65 −59 −6 +25
Profit before interest, tax, depreciation, etc. (EBITDA) (€m) −72 170 107 157 201
Profit before interest and tax (EBIT) (€m) 88.9 −84.6 −72.3 42.1 −312.1 −293.9
Net profit (€m) 43.9 −129.1 −129.9 3.3 −429.5 −325.9
Number of employees 7,662 8,468 8,582 8,031 7,914 7,066 5,934 6,777 6,236 6,208
Number of passengers (m) 9.4 10.1 10.8 10.8 10.7 9.9 10.9 11.3 11.5 11.3
Passenger load factor (%) 72.1 73.8 74.1 75.1 74.4 74.0 76.8 73.7 77.5 78.6
Number of aircraft 97 106 105 98 99 78 77 74
Notes/sources [22] [22] [22] [22] [22] [22] [22] [23] [23] [24]

Corporate design

Citing the colors of the national flag of Austria, Austrian Airlines' color scheme has always been a pattern of red, white and red. The aeroplanes' bellies were silver from the 1950s to 80s, the upper part was white with the Austrian Airlines arrow and the text "Austrian Airlines" (until 1972, again from 1995 to 2003) or "Austrian" (1972–1995, from 2003 onwards). Austrian Airlines' slogan was "the friendly airline" at the time.

  • Retro Airbus A320 in the style of the 1950s
    Retro Airbus A320 in the style of the 1950s
  • Livery 1972-1995: Airbus A310
    Livery 1972-1995:
    Airbus A310
  • Livery 1995-2003: Airbus A320-200
    Livery 1995-2003:
    Airbus A320-200
  • Livery since 2003: Airbus A321-100
    Livery since 2003:
    Airbus A321-100

The Austrian Airlines' arrow ("Austrian Chevron") has seen several design modifications over the years. When invented in 1960 it was redolent of the shape of a paper aeroplane; the design became more formal in 1972. As part of a rebranding exercise in 1995, the "Chevron" was placed on the red-white-red tail fin. In the new corporate design, in use since 2003, the old "Chevron" shape was used again, this time in a more modern style and with a drop shadow placed underneath.

Several special colour schemes have been used throughout the decades. Since joining Star Alliance, a few aeroplanes have flown with Star Alliance markings. For the Mozart year in 2006, an Airbus A320 was decorated in a Mozart design, and an Airbus A340-300 was coated with an hommage to the Vienna Philharmonic orchestra. A Boeing 737-600 was given a glacier look for a Tyrol advertisement. Three designs were put on aeroplanes to mark Euro 2008. An Airbus A320 was given a retro livery on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the company. The current slogan of Austrian is: "We fly for your smile."

Destinations

Austrian airlines destinations
Boeing 777-200ER at Vienna International Airport
Main article: Austrian Airlines Group destinations

A major focus in the Austrian route network is Eastern Europe and the Middle East.

In 2006, Austrian decided to retire its A330 and A340 fleet, which consisted of 4 Airbus A330-200, 2 Airbus A340-200 and 2 Airbus A340-300. These aircraft were sold to TAP Portugal, Swiss and the French Air Force. As a result of having less long haul capacity, Austrian suspended some of its long-haul flights to East Asia. Flights to Shanghai, Phuket, Mauritius, Colombo, Malé and Kathmandu ended in 2007.[18]

Both Australia routes - Melbourne via Singapore and Sydney via Kuala Lumpur - were terminated in March 2007, ending operations on the Kangaroo Route. Austrian was the last European-based airline offering direct flights from Melbourne to Europe, initially using the Lauda brand, and then Austrian airlines aircraft.[25]

Austrian was one of the few airlines[26] to fly into post-war Iraq when it began flights to Erbil in December 2006.[27] New flights to Mumbai began on November 2010 and Austrian resumed flights to Baghdad on 8 June 2011. On January 13, 2013 Austrian Airlines suspended flights to Tehran due to a lack of demand.[28] Austrian Airlines resumed flights to Chicago on May 17, 2013.[29] Austrian Airlines also plans to include flights to Los Angeles, Newark and Shanghai by 2013.[30][31] The noted expansion of the intercontinental network seems to indicate improving results for Austrian, with Lufthansa placing its confidence in the airline. Starting on July 2, 2014, Austrian Airlines will begin service to Newark.[32]

Codeshare agreements

As of June 2013, Austrian Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines (beside Star Alliance members):

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Service

Austrian operates several lounges at their hub in Vienna. There are three Business, two Senator and two HON-Circle lounges available.[34] Furthermore, a Business lounge at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow is operated by Austrian Airlines. Since 2007 Do & Co handles the catering of Austrian Airlines. On long-haul flights, Business Class meals are prepared by a chef on board.

Since 2011 all Austrian planes of the Airbus A320 family are equipped with new seats and a new cabin design.[35] By September 2013 Austrian's entire long-haul-fleet (Boeing 767 and Boeing 777) will also get new seats and a new cabin design. It contains full-flat-beds with a pneumatics-system and aisle access from nearly every seat in Business Class, and new seats with video-on-demand for every passenger in Economy Class.[36]

Special security

The armed monitoring of Austrian flights by EKO Cobra began in 1981. During each accompanied flight at least two undercover armed sky marshals are on board.[citation needed]

Fleet

Dash 8-Q400
Boeing 767-300ER with Winglets
Airbus A320 with Star Alliance livery

As of March 2014, the Austrian Airlines (Tyrolean Airways) fleet consists of the following aircraft with an average age of 14.8 years:[37] All aircraft except one single Boeing 777-200ER (OE-LPB - which stayed with Austrian Airlines due to international traffic laws) are registered to Tyrolean Airways:

Austrian Airlines Fleet
Aircraft In Service Orders Passengers Notes
J Y Total
Airbus A319-100 7 — var. 138
Airbus A320-200 16 — var. 168
174 		One aircraft painted in retro livery (OE-LBP)
One aircraft painted in Star Alliance livery (OE-LBX)
Airbus A321-100 3 — var. 200
Airbus A321-200 3 — var. 200
Boeing 767-300ER 6 — 36
26 		178
199 		214
225 		All equipped with winglets
Boeing 777-200ER 5 — 48 260 308 OE-LPE presently undergoing maintenance - to enter service on 2 July 2014
Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 13 — 0 76 76
Fokker 70 8 — 0 75 75 Two aircraft stored

Phasing out

Fokker 100 15 — 0 100 100
Total 76 —

*Note: Business and Economy on the A319, A320, A321 can vary depending on demand [38]

Fleet history

Retired Austrian Airlines Boeing 737-800

Over the years, Austrian Airlines operated the following aircraft types:[39]

Austrian Airlines Past Fleet
Aircraft Introduced Retired
Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle 1963 1973
Airbus A310 1988 2004
Airbus A319 2004
Airbus A320 1998
Airbus A321 1995
Airbus A330-200 1998 2007
Airbus A340-200 1995 2007
Airbus A340-300 1997 2007
Boeing 707-329 1969 1971
Boeing 737-600 2008 2012
Boeing 737-700 2008 2012
Boeing 737-800 2010 2013[40][41]
Boeing 767-300ER 2005
Boeing 777-200ER 2005
Canadair Regional Jet CRJ200 1996 [42] 2010 [43]
Fokker 50 1988 1996
Fokker 70 1995
Fokker 100 2004
McDonnell Douglas MD-80
(all variants) 		1980 2005
Vickers Viscount 1958 1971

Austrian Airlines retired its final Boeing 737 (a 737-800 variant in Lauda Air markings) in April 2013 as part of its fleet consolidation exercise. The 11 strong Boeing 737 fleet was replaced by 7 Airbus A320s, with an expected annual saving of €17 million through the move to a single type.[18]

Incidents and accidents

The following is a list of incidents and accidents involving Austrian Airlines mainline aircraft. It excludes occurrences with subsidiaries, such as Tyrolean Airways or Austrian Air Services.

  • On 26 September 1960 at 21:40 local time, an Austrian Airlines Vickers Viscount (registered OE-LAF) crashed during approach of Sheremetyevo International Airport, killing 26 of the 31 passengers on board, as well as five of the six crew members. The aircraft had been operating Flight 901 from Vienna to Moscow with an intermediate stop at Warsaw. As a probable cause for this to date only fatal accident for the airline, a malfunction in an altimeter was given.[44]
  • On 21 February 1970, a bomb explosion occurred in the cargo hold of an Austrian Airlines Sud Aviation Caravelle (registered OE-LCU) during a flight from Frankfurt to Vienna with 33 passengers and five crew on board, creating a hole in the fuselage. The pilots managed to return the aircraft safely to Frankfurt Airport.[45] On the same day, another bomb had been planted on Swissair Flight 330, causing it to crash, killing 47 people. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine claimed the responsibility for both assaults.[46]
  • On 7 January 1997, Austrian Airlines Flight 104 from Berlin to Vienna was hijacked by a Bosnian male who had forced his way into the cockpit armed with a knife (which was of a size small enough not to be banned from aeroplanes under regulations in force at the time). The pilots obeyed the perpetrator's demands to return to Berlin, so that he could negotiate with the local authorities over the renewal of his visa. Back at Berlin Tegel Airport, the McDonnell Douglas MD-87 was stormed by special police forces, and the hijacker was overpowered.[47]
  • On 5 January 2004 at 08:17 local time, an Austrian Airlines Fokker 70 (registered OE-LFO) crash-landed on a snow-covered field near Munich International Airport. The aircraft had been operating Flight 111 from Vienna to Munich, with 28 passengers and four crew on board, when its engines failed during landing descent due to icing. The aircraft was severely damaged, however only three passengers suffered minor injuries.[48][49][50]

References

  1. ^ "Firmensitz von Austrian Airlines ist korrekt" APA-OTS, Retrieved on 25 September 2009
  2. ^ "Contact." Austrian Airlines Group. Retrieved on 8 July 2010.
  3. ^ "Offices in Austria" Austrian Airlines, Retrieved on 26 May 2009
  4. ^ "Information about the city plan" City of Schwechat, Retrieved on 5 September 2009
  5. ^ a b c "Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. 27 March 2007. p. 81.
  6. ^ Austrian Airlines inflight meals Airreview, 18 Jan 2012
  7. ^ "AUA am Boden: 475 Millionen Verlust «". Diepresse.com. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  8. ^ news networld Internetservice GmbH (2008-09-24). "Austrian Airlines-Privatisierung: Letzter Aufruf für Lufthansa, Air-France und S7 •". Format.at. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  9. ^ "ROUNDUP: Austrian Airlines soll an Lufthansa gehen - Abschluss in vier Wochen". Finanznachrichten.de. 2008-11-13. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  10. ^ "Aktienrecht als Wachs in den Händen von Österreichs Politikern - NZZ.ch, 24.02.2009". Nzz.ch. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  11. ^ "Alfred Ötsch resigns as Chief Executive Officer of Austrian". Bloomberg. 2009-01-29. Retrieved 2013-12-08.
  12. ^ "AUA-Übernahme am seidenen Faden «". Diepresse.com. 2010-03-31. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  13. ^ "Green Light for Merger of Austrian Airlines and Lufthansa | News". Breaking Travel News. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  14. ^ "BRIEF-Austrian Airlines shares suspended - Vienna bourse". Finanznachrichten.de. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  15. ^ Financial Times Deutschland: Ex-Lufthansa-Manager läuft zu Emirates über. [1] Retrieved May 25th 2013
  16. ^ "AUA braucht Sparpaket: Jobabbau und Gehaltsverzicht? «". Diepresse.com. 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  17. ^ "Luftfahrt-Nachrichten und -Community". aero.de. 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  18. ^ a b c "Austrian bids farewell to the 737", Airliner World: p6, June 2013 {{citation}}: |pages= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) Cite error: The named reference "AW" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  19. ^ derStandard.at (2012-04-30). "AUA-Verhandlungen geplatzt - Lufthansa-Gruppe - derStandard.at " Wirtschaft". Derstandard.at. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  20. ^ "Luftfahrt-Nachrichten und -Community". aero.de. 2012-04-30. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  21. ^ 03.06.2012, 09:11 (2010-03-31). "Österreich « Nachrichten «". Wirtschaftsblatt.at. Retrieved 2012-10-07. {{cite web}}: |author= has numeric name (help)
  22. ^ a b c d e f g "Annual Reports". Austrian Airlines. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  23. ^ a b "Annual results for 2012". Austrian Airlines. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  24. ^ http://www.austrianairlines.ag/Press/PressReleases/Press/2014/03/024.aspx?sc_lang=en&mode={30999B4B-42D0-45A6-B671-FE5E3CB68ED8}
  25. ^ "Austrian Airlines Review & Opinions - Overview with pictures (including Lauda Airlines & Austrian Arrows)". Airreview.com. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  26. ^ "Where Iraq Works". Time. 5 April 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  27. ^ Social Post (2006-12-12). "Austrian Airlines starts scheduled flights to Iraq | India - Oneindia News". News.oneindia.in. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  28. ^ Airlines stop Iran flights as sanctions hit economy | JPost | Israel News. JPost. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
  29. ^ "Austrian Airlines Returns to Chicago". Routesonline. 2012-11-12. Retrieved 2012-11-22.
  30. ^ "Austrian Airlines expanding - Business News - Austrian Times Online News - English Newspaper". Austriantimes.at. Retrieved 2012-11-22.
  31. ^ "AUA Invests € 80m in Long Distance Flights". FriedlNews. 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2012-11-22.
  32. ^ "AUA bestätigt Newark als neue Langstreckendestination". Austrian Wings. October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  33. ^ by JL (2010-05-25). "Azerbaijan Airlines codeshare with Lufthansa/Austrian | Airline Route – Worldwide Airline Route Updates". Airlineroute.net. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  34. ^ "Austrian Lounges at the Star Alliance Terminal". Austrian.com. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
  35. ^ "AUA präsentiert neue Sitze | Austrian Wings". Austrianwings.info. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  36. ^ Austrian Aviation Net (2012-03-29). "Austrian Aviation Net: Thompson Aero Seating erneuert AUA-Flotte". Austrianaviation.net. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  37. ^ "Austrian Airlines - Fleet". ch-aviation.ch. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
  38. ^ "book cheap flights now". Austrian Airlines. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  39. ^ "Austrian Airlines Fleet | Airfleets aviation". Airfleets.net. 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  40. ^ Zur Ausmusterung der 737 bei der AUA | Austrian Wings. Austrianwings.info. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
  41. ^ "Fleet harmonisation completed on medium-haul fleet". Austrian Airlines. Retrieved 4/2/2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  42. ^ tyrolean CRJ - Sag zum Abschied Servus | Austrian Wings. Austrianwings.info. Retrieved on 2014-01-14.
  43. ^ Austrian führt allerletzten CRJ-Passagierflug durch | Austrian Wings. Austrianwings.info. Retrieved on 2014-01-14.
  44. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  45. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VIR OE-LCU Frankfurt". Aviation-safety.net. 1970-02-21. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  46. ^ "1970 | 0326 | Flight Archive". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  47. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas MD-87 registration unknown Berlin-Tegel Airport (TXL)". Aviation-safety.net. 1997-01-07. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  48. ^ "Investigation Report - Fokker 70" (PDF). BFU Germany. November 2005. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
  49. ^ "Accident Database: Accident Synopsis 01052004". Airdisaster.com. 2004-01-05. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
  50. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 70 OE-LFO München-Franz Josef Strauss Airport (MUC)". Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
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