44th United States Congress

44th United States Congress
43rd ← → 45th
United States Capitol (1869)
March 4, 1875 – March 4, 1877
Members	76 senators 293 representatives 9 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Republican
Senate President	Henry Wilson (R) until November 22, 1875 Vacant from November 22, 1875
House majority	Democratic
House Speaker	Michael C. Kerr (D) until August 19, 1876 Samuel J. Randall (D) from December 4, 1876
Sessions
Special: March 5, 1875 – March 24, 1875 1st: December 6, 1875 – August 15, 1876 2nd: December 4, 1876 – March 3, 1877

The Forty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877, during the seventh and eighth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. For the first time since the American Civil War, the House had a Democratic majority. The Senate maintained a Republican majority.

Major events

A political cartoon by Joseph Keppler depicts Roscoe Conkling as Mephistopheles, as Rutherford B. Hayes strolls off with a woman labeled as "Solid South"

See also: 1875 in the United States, 1876 in the United States, and 1877 in the United States

• November 22, 1875: Vice President Henry Wilson died from a stroke
• June 25, 1876: Custer's Last Stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn
• July 4, 1876: United States Centennial
• November 7, 1876: United States general elections, 1876, including the disputed Presidential election of 1876, later settled with the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction.

Major legislation

• January 29, 1877: Electoral Commission Act, ch. 37, 19 Stat. 227
• March 3, 1877: Desert Land Act, ch. 107, 19 Stat. 377

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 44th United States Congress

State admitted

• August 1, 1876: Colorado admitted as the 38th state

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)				Total	Vacant
	Democratic (D)	Anti- Monopoly (AM)	Republican (R)	Other
End of previous congress	20	0	51	2	73	1
Begin	28	1	44	0	73	1
End	30		45		76	0
Final voting share	39.5%	1.3%	59.2%	0.0%
Beginning of next congress	35	1	39	1	76	0

House of Representatives

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)						Total
	style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Independent Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" |	style="background-color:Template:Other Party (United States)/meta/color" |
	Democratic (D)	Independent Democratic (ID)	Independent (I)	Independent Republican (IR)	Republican (R)	Other		Vacant
End of previous Congress	95	7	0	0	199	(Liberal Republican) 4	290	2
Begin	176	1	4	4	104	0	289	3
End	179			3	103		290	3
Final voting share	62.8%		1.4%	35.8%		0.0%
Beginning of the next Congress	144	2	0	0	146	0	292	1

Leadership

President of the Senate Henry Wilson

Senate

• President: Henry Wilson (R), until November 22, 1875; vacant thereafter.
• President pro tempore: Thomas W. Ferry (R), from March 9, 1875
• Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: John W. Stevenson

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876 (died)
  • Samuel J. Randall (D), elected December 4, 1876
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II
• Republican Conference Chair: George W. McCrary

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, facing re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1878.

Alabama

• 2. George Goldthwaite (D)
• 3. George E. Spencer (R)

Arkansas

• 2. Powell Clayton (R)
• 3. Stephen W. Dorsey (R)

California

• 1. Newton Booth (Anti-Monopoly)
• 3. Aaron A. Sargent (R)

Colorado

• 2. Henry M. Teller (R), from November 15, 1876
• 3. Jerome B. Chaffee (R), from November 15, 1876

Connecticut

• 1. William W. Eaton (D)
• 3. Orris S. Ferry (R), until November 21, 1875
  • James E. English (D), November 27, 1875 – May 17, 1876
  • William H. Barnum (D), from May 18, 1876

Delaware

• 1. Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. (D)
• 2. Eli M. Saulsbury (D)

Florida

• 1. Charles W. Jones (D)
• 3. Simon B. Conover (R)

Georgia

• 2. Thomas M. Norwood (D)
• 3. John B. Gordon (D)

Illinois

• 2. John A. Logan (R)
• 3. Richard J. Oglesby (R)

Indiana

• 1. Joseph E. McDonald (D)
• 3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)

Iowa

• 2. George G. Wright (R)
• 3. William B. Allison (R)

Kansas

• 2. James M. Harvey (R)
• 3. John J. Ingalls (R)

Kentucky

• 2. John W. Stevenson (D)
• 3. Thomas C. McCreery (D)

Louisiana

• 2. J. Rodman West (R)
• 3. James B. Eustis (D), from January 12, 1876

Maine

• 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R)
• 2. Lot M. Morrill (R), until July 7, 1876
  • James G. Blaine (R), from July 10, 1876

Maryland

• 1. William Pinkney Whyte (D)
• 3. George R. Dennis (D)

Massachusetts

• 1. Henry L. Dawes (R)
• 2. George S. Boutwell (R)

Michigan

• 1. Isaac P. Christiancy (R)
• 2. Thomas W. Ferry (R)

Minnesota

• 1. Samuel J. R. McMillan (R)
• 2. William Windom (R)

Mississippi

• 1. Blanche Bruce (R)
• 2. James L. Alcorn (R)

Missouri

• 1. Francis Cockrell (D)
• 3. Lewis V. Bogy (D)

Nebraska

• 1. Algernon Paddock (R)
• 2. Phineas Hitchcock (R)

Nevada

• 1. William Sharon (R)
• 3. John P. Jones (R)

New Hampshire

• 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)
• 3. Bainbridge Wadleigh (R)

New Jersey

• 1. Theodore F. Randolph (D)
• 2. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R)

New York

• 1. Francis Kernan (D)
• 3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

North Carolina

• 2. Matt W. Ransom (D)
• 3. Augustus S. Merrimon (D)

Ohio

• 1. Allen G. Thurman (D)
• 3. John Sherman (R)

Oregon

• 2. James K. Kelly (D)
• 3. John H. Mitchell (R)

Pennsylvania

• 1. William A. Wallace (D)
• 3. Simon Cameron (R)

Rhode Island

• 1. Ambrose Burnside (R)
• 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

South Carolina

• 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R)
• 3. John J. Patterson (R)

Tennessee

• 1. Andrew Johnson (D), until July 31, 1875
  • David M. Key (D), August 18, 1875 – January 19, 1877
  • James E. Bailey (D), from January 19, 1877
• 2. Henry Cooper (D)

Texas

• 1. Samuel B. Maxey (D)
• 2. Morgan C. Hamilton (R)

Vermont

• 1. George F. Edmunds (R)
• 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia

• 1. Robert E. Withers (D)
• 2. John W. Johnston (D)

West Virginia

• 1. Allen T. Caperton (D), until July 26, 1876
  • Samuel Price (D), August 26, 1876 – January 26, 1877
  • Frank Hereford (D), from January 31, 1877
• 2. Henry G. Davis (D)

Wisconsin

• 1. Angus Cameron (R)
• 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

President pro tempore Thomas W. Ferry

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

• 1. Jeremiah Haralson (R)
• 2. Jeremiah N. Williams (D)
• 3. Taul Bradford (D)
• 4. Charles Hays (R)
• 5. John H. Caldwell (D)
• 6. Goldsmith W. Hewitt (D)
• At-large. William H. Forney (D)
• At-large. Burwell B. Lewis (D)

Arkansas

• 1. Lucien C. Gause (D)
• 2. William F. Slemons (D)
• 3. William W. Wilshire (D)
• 4. Thomas M. Gunter (D)

California

• 1. William A. Piper (D)
• 2. Horace F. Page (R)
• 3. John K. Luttrell (D)
• 4. Peter D. Wigginton (D)

Colorado

• At-large. James B. Belford (R), from October 3, 1876 (newly admitted state)

Connecticut

• 1. George M. Landers (D)
• 2. James Phelps (D)
• 3. Henry H. Starkweather (R), until January 28, 1876
  • John T. Wait (R), from April 12, 1876
• 4. William H. Barnum (D), until May 18, 1876
  • Levi Warner (D), from December 4, 1876

Delaware

• At-large. James Williams (D)

Florida

• 1. William J. Purman (R)
• 2. Josiah T. Walls (R), until April 19, 1876
  • Jesse J. Finley (D), from April 19, 1876

Georgia

• 1. Julian Hartridge (D)
• 2. William E. Smith (D)
• 3. Philip Cook (D)
• 4. Henry R. Harris (D)
• 5. Milton A. Candler (D)
• 6. James H. Blount (D)
• 7. William H. Felton (ID)
• 8. Alexander Stephens (D)
• 9. Benjamin H. Hill (D), May 5, 1875 - March 3, 1877

Illinois

• 1. Bernard G. Caulfield (D)
• 2. Carter H. Harrison (D)
• 3. Charles B. Farwell (R), until May 6, 1876
  • John V. Le Moyne (D), from May 6, 1876
• 4. Stephen A. Hurlbut (R)
• 5. Horatio C. Burchard (R)
• 6. Thomas J. Henderson (R)
• 7. Alexander Campbell (I)
• 8. Greenbury L. Fort (R)
• 9. Richard H. Whiting (R)
• 10. John C. Bagby (D)
• 11. Scott Wike (D)
• 12. William M. Springer (D)
• 13. Adlai E. Stevenson (D)
• 14. Joseph G. Cannon (R)
• 15. John R. Eden (D)
• 16. William A. J. Sparks (D)
• 17. William R. Morrison (D)
• 18. William Hartzell (D)
• 19. William B. Anderson (I)

Indiana

• 1. Benoni S. Fuller (D)
• 2. James D. Williams (D), until December 1, 1876
  • Andrew Humphreys (D), from December 5, 1876
• 3. Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876
  • Nathan T. Carr (D), from December 5, 1876
• 4. Jeptha D. New (D)
• 5. William S. Holman (D)
• 6. Milton S. Robinson (R)
• 7. Franklin Landers (D)
• 8. Morton C. Hunter (R)
• 9. Thomas J. Cason (R)
• 10. William S. Haymond (D)
• 11. James L. Evans (R)
• 12. Andrew H. Hamilton (D)
• 13. John H. Baker (R)

Iowa

• 1. George W. McCrary (R)
• 2. John Q. Tufts (R)
• 3. Lucien L. Ainsworth (D)
• 4. Henry O. Pratt (R)
• 5. James Wilson (R)
• 6. Ezekiel S. Sampson (R)
• 7. John A. Kasson (R)
• 8. James W. McDill (R)
• 9. S. Addison Oliver (R)

Kansas

• 1. William A. Phillips (R)
• 2. John R. Goodin (D)
• 3. William R. Brown (R)

Kentucky

• 1. Andrew Boone (D)
• 2. John Y. Brown (D)
• 3. Charles W. Milliken (D)
• 4. J. Proctor Knott (D)
• 5. Edward Y. Parsons (D), until July 8, 1876
  • Henry Watterson (D), from August 12, 1876
• 6. Thomas L. Jones (D)
• 7. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)
• 8. Milton J. Durham (D)
• 9. John D. White (R)
• 10. John B. Clarke (D)

Louisiana

• 1. Randall L. Gibson (D)
• 2. E. John Ellis (D)
• 3. Chester B. Darrall (R)
• 4. William M. Levy (D)
• 5. Frank Morey (R), until June 8, 1876
  • William B. Spencer (D) June 8, 1876 - January 8, 1877
• 6. Charles E. Nash (R)

Maine

• 1. John H. Burleigh (R)
• 2. William P. Frye (R)
• 3. James G. Blaine (R), until July 10, 1876
  • Edwin Flye (R), from December 4, 1876
• 4. Harris M. Plaisted (R), from September 13, 1875
• 5. Eugene Hale (R)

Maryland

• 1. Phillip F. Thomas (D)
• 2. Charles B. Roberts (D)
• 3. William J. O'Brien (D)
• 4. Thomas Swann (D)
• 5. Eli J. Henkle (D)
• 6. William Walsh (D)

Massachusetts

• 1. James Buffington (R), until March 7, 1875
  • William W. Crapo (R), from November 2, 1875
• 2. Benjamin W. Harris (R)
• 3. Henry L. Pierce (R)
• 4. Rufus S. Frost (R), until July 28, 1876
  • Josiah G. Abbott (D), from July 28, 1876
• 5. Nathaniel P. Banks (I)
• 6. Charles P. Thompson (D)
• 7. John K. Tarbox (D)
• 8. William W. Warren (D)
• 9. George F. Hoar (R)
• 10. Julius H. Seelye (I)
• 11. Chester W. Chapin (D)

Michigan

• 1. Alpheus S. Williams (D)
• 2. Henry Waldron (R)
• 3. George Willard (R)
• 4. Allen Potter (D)
• 5. William B. Williams (R)
• 6. George H. Durand (D)
• 7. Omar D. Conger (R)
• 8. Nathan B. Bradley (R)
• 9. Jay A. Hubbell (R)

Minnesota

• 1. Mark H. Dunnell (R)
• 2. Horace B. Strait (R)
• 3. William S. King (R)

Mississippi

• 1. Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D)
• 2. G. Wiley Wells (IR)
• 3. Hernando Money (D)
• 4. Otho R. Singleton (D)
• 5. Charles E. Hooker (D)
• 6. John R. Lynch (R)

Missouri

• 1. Edward C. Kehr (D)
• 2. Erastus Wells (D)
• 3. William H. Stone (D)
• 4. Robert A. Hatcher (D)
• 5. Richard P. Bland (D)
• 6. Charles H. Morgan (D)
• 7. John F. Philips (D)
• 8. Benjamin J. Franklin (D)
• 9. David Rea (D)
• 10. Rezin A. De Bolt (D)
• 11. John B. Clark, Jr. (D)
• 12. John M. Glover (D)
• 13. Aylett H. Buckner (D)

Nebraska

• At-large. Lorenzo Crounse (R)

Nevada

• At-large. William Woodburn (R)

New Hampshire

• 1. Frank Jones (D)
• 2. Samuel N. Bell (D)
• 3. Henry W. Blair (R)

New Jersey

• 1. Clement H. Sinnickson (R)
• 2. Samuel A. Dobbins (R)
• 3. Miles Ross (D)
• 4. Robert Hamilton (D)
• 5. Augustus W. Cutler (D)
• 6. Frederick H. Teese (D)
• 7. Augustus A. Hardenbergh (D)

New York

• 1. Henry B. Metcalfe (D)
• 2. John G. Schumaker (D)
• 3. Simeon B. Chittenden (IR)
• 4. Archibald M. Bliss (D)
• 5. Edwin R. Meade (D)
• 6. Samuel S. Cox (D)
• 7. Smith Ely, Jr. (D), until December 11, 1876
  • David Dudley Field (D), from January 11, 1877
• 8. Elijah Ward (D)
• 9. Fernando Wood (D)
• 10. Abram S. Hewitt (D)
• 11. Benjamin A. Willis (D)
• 12. N. Holmes Odell (D)
• 13. John O. Whitehouse (D)
• 14. George M. Beebe (D)
• 15. John H. Bagley, Jr. (D)
• 16. Charles H. Adams (R)
• 17. Martin I. Townsend (R)
• 18. Andrew Williams (R)
• 19. William A. Wheeler (R)
• 20. Henry H. Hathorn (R)
• 21. Samuel F. Miller (R)
• 22. George A. Bagley (R)
• 23. Scott Lord (D)
• 24. William H. Baker (R)
• 25. Elias W. Leavenworth (R)
• 26. Clinton D. MacDougall (R)
• 27. Elbridge G. Lapham (R)
• 28. Thomas C. Platt (R)
• 29. Charles C. B. Walker (D)
• 30. John M. Davy (R)
• 31. George G. Hoskins (R)
• 32. Lyman K. Bass (R)
• 33. Nelson I. Norton (R), from December 6, 1875

North Carolina

• 1. Jesse J. Yeates (D)
• 2. John A. Hyman (R)
• 3. Alfred M. Waddell (D)
• 4. Joseph J. Davis (D)
• 5. Alfred M. Scales (D)
• 6. Thomas S. Ashe (D)
• 7. William M. Robbins (D)
• 8. Robert B. Vance (D)

Ohio

• 1. Milton Sayler (D)
• 2. Henry B. Banning (D)
• 3. John S. Savage (D)
• 4. John A. McMahon (D)
• 5. Americus V. Rice (D)
• 6. Frank H. Hurd (D)
• 7. Lawrence T. Neal (D)
• 8. William Lawrence (R)
• 9. Earley F. Poppleton (D)
• 10. Charles Foster (R)
• 11. John L. Vance (D)
• 12. Ansel T. Walling (D)
• 13. Milton I. Southard (D)
• 14. Jacob P. Cowan (D)
• 15. Nelson H. Van Vorhes (R)
• 16. Lorenzo Danford (R)
• 17. Laurin D. Woodworth (R)
• 18. James Monroe (R)
• 19. James A. Garfield (R)
• 20. Henry B. Payne (D)

Oregon

• At-large. George A. La Dow (D), until May 1, 1875
  • Lafayette Lane (D), from October 25, 1875

Pennsylvania

• 1. Chapman Freeman (R)
• 2. Charles O'Neill (R)
• 3. Samuel J. Randall (D)
• 4. William D. Kelley (R)
• 5. John Robbins, Jr. (D)
• 6. Washington Townsend (R)
• 7. Alan Wood, Jr. (R)
• 8. Hiester Clymer (D)
• 9. A. Herr Smith (R)
• 10. William Mutchler (D)
• 11. Francis D. Collins (D)
• 12. Winthrop W. Ketcham (R), until July 19, 1876
  • William H. Stanton (D), from November 7, 1876
• 13. James B. Reilly (D)
• 14. John B. Packer (R)
• 15. Joseph Powell (D)
• 16. Sobieski Ross (R)
• 17. John Reilly (D)
• 18. William Stenger (D)
• 19. Levi Maish (D)
• 20. Levi A. Mackey (D)
• 21. Jacob Turney (D)
• 22. James H. Hopkins (D)
• 23. Alexander G. Cochran (D)
• 24. John W. Wallace (R)
• 25. George A. Jenks (D)
• 26. James Sheakley (D)
• 27. Albert G. Egbert (D)

Rhode Island

• 1. Benjamin T. Eames (R)
• 2. Latimer W. Ballou (R)

South Carolina

• 1. Joseph Rainey (R)
• 2. Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR), until July 19, 1876
  • Charles W. Buttz (R), from November 7, 1876
• 3. Solomon L. Hoge (R)
• 4. Alexander S. Wallace (R)
• 5. Robert Smalls (R)

Tennessee

• 1. William McFarland (D)
• 2. Jacob M. Thornburgh (R)
• 3. George G. Dibrell (D)
• 4. Samuel M. Fite (D), until October 23, 1875
  • Haywood Y. Riddle (D), from December 4, 1875
• 5. John M. Bright (D)
• 6. John F. House (D)
• 7. Washington C. Whitthorne (D)
• 8. John D. C. Atkins (D)
• 9. William P. Caldwell (D)
• 10. H. Casey Young (D)

Texas

• 1. John H. Reagan (D)
• 2. David B. Culberson (D)
• 3. James W. Throckmorton (D)
• 4. Roger Q. Mills (D)
• 5. John Hancock (D)
• 6. Gustave Schleicher (D)

Vermont

• 1. Charles H. Joyce (R)
• 2. Dudley C. Denison (IR)
• 3. George W. Hendee (R)

Virginia

• 1. Beverly B. Douglas (D)
• 2. John Goode, Jr. (D)
• 3. Gilbert C. Walker (D)
• 4. William H. H. Stowell (R)
• 5. George Cabell (D)
• 6. John R. Tucker (D)
• 7. John T. Harris (D)
• 8. Eppa Hutton, II (D)
• 9. William Terry (D)

West Virginia

• 1. Benjamin Wilson (D)
• 2. Charles J. Faulkner (D)
• 3. Frank Hereford (D), until January 31, 1877

Wisconsin

• 1. Charles G. Williams (R)
• 2. Lucien B. Caswell (R)
• 3. Henry S. Magoon (R)
• 4. William P. Lynde (D)
• 5. Samuel D. Burchard (D)
• 6. Alanson M. Kimball (R)
• 7. Jeremiah M. Rusk (R)
• 8. George W. Cate (D)

Non-voting members

• At-large. Hiram S. Stevens (D)
• At-large. Thomas M. Patterson (D), until August 1, 1876
• At-large. Jefferson P. Kidder (R)
• At-large. Thomas W. Bennett (I), until June 23, 1876
  • Stephen S. Fenn (D), from June 23, 1876
• At-large. Martin Maginnis (D)
• At-large. Stephen B. Elkins (R)
• At-large. George Q. Cannon (R)
• At-large. Orange Jacobs (R)
• At-large. William R. Steele (D)

Speaker Michael C. Kerr

Speaker Samuel J. Randall

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• replacements: 4
  • Democratic: 1 seat net gain
  • Republican: 1 seat net loss
• deaths: 3
• resignations: 1
• vacancy: 1
• interim appointments: 3
• seats of newly admitted states: 2
• Total seats with changes: 7

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

|- | Louisiana (3) | Vacant | Senate had declined to seat rival claimants William L. McMillen and P. B. S. Pinchback. Successor elected January 12, 1876. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James B. Eustis (D) | January 10, 1876

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Andrew Johnson (D) | Died July 31, 1875.
Successor appointed August 18, 1875, to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | David M. Key (D) | August 18, 1875

|- | Connecticut (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Orris S. Ferry (R) | Died November 21, 1875.
Successor appointed November 27, 1875, to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James E. English (D) | November 27, 1875

|- | Connecticut (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James E. English (D) | Interim appointee retired May 17, 1876 when successor elected.
Successor elected May 17, 1876. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | William H. Barnum (D) | May 18, 1876

|- | Maine (2) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Lot M. Morrill (R) | Resigned July 7, 1876 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.
Successor appointed July 10, 1876, to continue the term.
Interim appointee later elected January 17, 1877. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James G. Blaine (R) | July 10, 1876

|- | West Virginia (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Allen T. Caperton (D) | Died July 26, 1876.
Successor appointed August 26, 1876, to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Samuel Price (D) | August 26, 1876

|- | Colorado (2) | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Henry M. Teller (R) | November 15, 1876

|- | Colorado (3) | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Jerome B. Chaffee (R) | November 15, 1876

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | David M. Key (D) | Interim appointee lost special election.
Successor elected January 19, 1877. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James E. Bailey (D) | January 19, 1877

|- | West Virginia (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Samuel Price (D) | Interim appointee lost special election.
Successor elected January 26, 1877, but seat remained vacant until successor qualified by resigning from the U.S. House on January 31, 1877. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Frank Hereford (D) | January 31, 1877

|}

House of Representatives

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% Democratic	80+% Republican
60+ to 80% Democratic	60+ to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

• replacements: 14
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change
• deaths: 9
• resignations: 6
• contested election: 5
• seats of newly admitted states: 1
• Total seats with changes: 21

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

|- | Georgia 9 | Vacant | Rep-elect Garnett McMillan died before taking seat | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | May 5, 1875

|- | Maine 4 | Vacant | Rep. Samuel F. Hersey died during previous congress | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Harris M. Plaisted (R) | September 13, 1875

|- | New York 33 | Vacant | Rep.-elect Augustus F. Allen died before taking seat | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Nelson I. Norton (R) | December 6, 1875

|- | Massachusetts 1 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James Buffington (R) | Died March 7, 1875 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William W. Crapo (R) | November 2, 1875

|- | Oregon at-large | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | George A. La Dow (D) | Died May 1, 1875 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Lafayette Lane (D) | October 25, 1875

|- | Tennessee 4 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Samuel M. Fite (D) | Died October 23, 1875 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Haywood Y. Riddle (D) | December 14, 1875

|- | Connecticut 3 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Henry H. Starkweather (R) | Died January 28, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John T. Wait (R) | April 12, 1876

|- | Florida 2 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Josiah T. Walls (R) | Lost contested election April 19, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jesse J. Finley (D) | April 19, 1876

|- | Illinois 3 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles B. Farwell (R) | Lost contested election May 6, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John V. Le Moyne (D) | May 6, 1876

|- | Connecticut 4 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | William H. Barnum (D) | Resigned May 18, 1876, after being elected to the US Senate | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Levi Warner (D) | December 4, 1876

|- | Louisiana 5 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Frank Morey (R) | Lost contested election June 8, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | William B. Spencer (D) | June 8, 1876

|- | Idaho Territory at-large | nowrap style="background-color:#DDDDBB" | Thomas W. Bennett (I) | Lost contested election June 23, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Stephen S. Fenn (D) | June 23, 1876

|- | Maine 3 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James G. Blaine (R) | Resigned July 10, 1876, after being appointed to the US Senate | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Edwin Flye (R) | December 4, 1876

|- | Kentucky 5 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Edward Y. Parsons (D) | Died July 8, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Henry Watterson (D) | August 12, 1876

|- | Pennsylvania 12 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Winthrop W. Ketcham (R) | Resigned July 19, 1876, after being appointed judge to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | William H. Stanton (D) | November 7, 1876

|- | South Carolina 2 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR) | style="font-size:80%" |Seat declared vacant July 19, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles W. Buttz (R) | November 7, 1876

|- | Massachusetts 4 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Rufus S. Frost (R) | Lost contested election July 28, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Josiah G. Abbott (D) | July 28, 1876

|- | Colorado Territory at-large | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Thomas M. Patterson (D) | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876 | colspan=2 | Statehood achieved

|- | Colorado at-large | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seat remained vacant until October 3, 1876. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James B. Belford (R) | October 3, 1876

|- | Indiana 3 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Michael C. Kerr (D) | Died August 19, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Nathan T. Carr (D) | December 15, 1876

|- | Indiana 2 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James D. Williams (D) | Resigned December 1, 1876, after being elected Governor of Indiana | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Andrew Humphreys (D) | December 5, 1876

|- | New York 7 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Smith Ely, Jr. (D) | Resigned December 11, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | David D. Field II (D) | January 11, 1877

|- | Louisiana 5 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | William B. Spencer (D) | Resigned January 8, 1877, to become an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | West Virginia 3 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Frank Hereford (D) | Resigned January 31, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | Georgia 9 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | Resigned March 3, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term

|}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (5 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

• Agriculture (Chairman: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen)
• Appropriations (Chairman: William Windom)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones)
• Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard)
• Claims (Chairman: George G. Wright)
• Commerce (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling)
• Counting the Electoral Vote (Select)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: George E. Spencer)
• Education and Labor (Chairman: John J. Patterson)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard)
• Enrolled Bills
• Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Select) (Chairman: James M. Harvey)
• Finance (Chairman: John Sherman)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Simon Cameron)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: William B. Allison)
• Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas J. Robertson)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Logan)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Aaron A. Sargent)
• Mississippi River Levee System (Select)
• Mississippi Election Frauds, 1876
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin)
• Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
• Patents (Chairman: Bainbridge Wadleigh)
• Pensions (Chairman: John J. Ingalls)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Hannibal Hamlin)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Allen G. Thurman)
• Privileges and Elections (Chairman: Oliver P. Morton)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Richard J. Oglesby)
• Railroads (Chairman: Joseph R. West)
• Revision of the Laws (Chairman: George S. Boutwell)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: John W. Stevenson)
• Rules (Chairman: Thomas W. Ferry)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Territories (Chairman: Phineas W. Hitchcock)
• Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Charles B. Roberts)
• Agriculture (Chairman: John H. Caldwell)
• Appropriations (Chairman: William S. Holman)
• Banking and Currency (Chairman: Samuel S. Cox)
• Claims (Chairman: John M. Bright)
• Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Alexander H. Stephens)
• Commerce (Chairman: Elijah Ward)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Aylett H. Buckner)
• Education and Labor (Chairman: Gilbert C. Walker)
• Elections (Chairman: John T. Harris)
• Enrolled Bills
• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: William Mutchler)
• Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Bernard G. Caulfield)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: George M. Beebe)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William H. Stone)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: William M. Springer)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: John M. Bright)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: John Robbins)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Henry B. Metcalfe)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Swann)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Alfred M. Scales)
• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: George A. Jenks)
• Judiciary (Chairman: J. Proctor Knott)
• Manufactures (Chairman: William H. Stone)
• Mileage (Chairman: Albert G. Egbert)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Henry B. Banning)
• Militia (Chairman: Jacob P. Cowan)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Richard P. Bland)
• Mississippi Levees (Chairman: E. John Ellis)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Washington C. Whitthorne)
• Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II)
• Patents (Chairman: Robert B. Vance)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John B. Clark, Jr.)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Thomas M. Gunter)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: William S. Holman)
• Public Expenditures (Chairman: Charles W. Milliken)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Milton Sayler)
• Railways and Canals (Chairman: Thomas L. Jones)
• Reform in the Civil Service (Chairman: John O. Whitehouse)
• Revision of Laws (Chairman: Milton J. Durham)
• Revolutionary Pensions and War of 1812 (Chairman: Eppa Hunton)
• Rules (Select) (Chairman: Michael C. Kerr)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories (Chairman: Milton I. Southard)
• War Claims (Chairman: John R. Eden)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: William R. Morrison)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
• Enrolled Bills
• Frame a Form of Government for the District of Columbia
• Investigate Chinese Immigration

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

• Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
• Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
• Public Printer of the United States: Almon M. Clapp

Senate

• Chaplain: Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian)
• Secretary: George C. Gorham
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: John R. French

House of Representatives

• Chaplain:
  • John G. Butler (Lutheran), until December 6, 1875
  • S. L. Townsend (Episcopalian), starting December 6, 1875
• Clerk: George M. Adams
• Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: William H. Scudder
• Doorkeeper: Lafayette H. Fitzhugh
• Postmaster: James M. Steuart
• Reading Clerks: [data missing]
• Sergeant at Arms: John G. Thompson

See also

• United States elections, 1874 (elections leading to this Congress)
  • United States Senate elections, 1874 and 1875
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1874
• United States elections, 1876 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 1876 United States presidential election
  • United States Senate elections, 1876
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1876

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
• Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 1st Session.
• Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 1st Session (1st Revision).
• Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 1st Session (2nd Revision).
• Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 2nd Session.
• Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).