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46th United States Congress

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46th United States Congress
45th ←
→ 47th
United States Capitol (1869)
March 4, 1879 – March 4, 1881
Members76 senators
293 representatives
8 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic
Senate PresidentWilliam A. Wheeler (R)
House majorityDemocratic (coalition)
House SpeakerSamuel J. Randall (D)
Sessions
1st: March 18, 1879 – July 1, 1879
2nd: December 1, 1879 – June 16, 1880
3rd: December 6, 1880 – March 3, 1881

The 46th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881, during the last two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House of Representatives had a Democratic plurality. The Democrats were still able to control the House, however, with the help of the Independent politicians who caucused with them.

Party summary

Senate

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Anti-
Monopoly
(AM) 		Democratic
(D)		Republican
(R)		Independent
(I)		Other
End of previous congress 1 36 38 1 0 76 0
Begin 1 42 31 1 0 75 1
End
Final voting share 1.3% 56.0% 41.3% 1.3% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 0 37 36 1 1[a] 75 1

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic
(D) 		Independent
Democratic
(ID)		Independent
(I)		Greenback
(G)		Republican
(R)
End of previous congress 154 1 0 0 136 291 2
Begin 141 6 0 13 131 291 2
End 143 129
Final voting share 49.1% 2.1% 0.0% 4.5% 44.3%
Beginning of next congress 128 1 1 10 151 291 0

Leadership

President of the Senate
William A. Wheeler
Senate President pro tempore Allen G. Thurman
House Speaker Samuel J. Randall

Senate

House of Representatives

Major events

Main articles: 1879 in the United States, 1880 in the United States, and 1881 in the United States
  • Depression of 1873–79
  • March 18, 1879: Samuel J. Randall was elected in one of the most tightly fought contests for the speakership after the Civil War. Randall, who favored the protective tariff and "hard money," drew his greatest strength from northern cities and greatest opposition from the west and south. The midterm elections of 1878 had gone badly for the Democrats, with the Greenback Party making inroads in key districts. This emboldened Randall's opponents, who rallied to the support of Joseph Blackburn from Kentucky. In the end, Randall prevailed in the Democratic caucus to receive the nomination, with 75 votes to Blackburn's 57 and a scattering of 9 votes to three other candidates. Blackburn, in moving to make Randall's nomination unanimous, steered his supporters away from the nomination of Hendrick B. Wright, a Democrat from Pennsylvania who was nominated by the Greenbacks. In the eventual vote in the House to elect the Speaker, Randall prevailed with 144 votes, to 125 for James Garfield (Republican from Ohio), 13 for Wright, and one for William "Pig Iron" Kelley (Pennsylvania).
  • November 2, 1880: U.S. presidential election, 1880: James Garfield (R) defeated Winfield S. Hancock (D)
  • February 19, 1881: Kansas became the first state to prohibit alcohol.

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1884.

House of Representatives

The names of members are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • replacements: 4
  • deaths: 3
  • resignations: 1
  • interim appointments: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 5
See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate and List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate

|- | New Hampshire (3) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect.
An interim successor was appointed March 13, 1879. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles H. Bell (R) | March 13, 1879

|- | New Hampshire (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Charles H. Bell (R) | Successor elected June 18, 1879, but did not begin service until June 20, 1879, for unknown reasons. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Henry W. Blair (R) | June 20, 1879

|- | Michigan (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Zachariah Chandler (R) | Died November 1, 1879.
Successor appointed November 17, 1879, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected January 19, 1881, to finish the term. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Henry P. Baldwin (R) | November 17, 1879

|- | Alabama (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | George S. Houston (D) | Died December 31, 1879.
Successor appointed January 7, 1880, to continue the term.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Luke Pryor (D) | January 7, 1880

|- | Georgia (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John B. Gordon (D) | Resigned May 26, 1880, to promote building of the Georgia Pacific Railway.
Successor elected May 26, 1880. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Joseph E. Brown (D) | May 26, 1880

|- | Alabama (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Luke Pryor (D) | Successor elected November 23, 1880. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James L. Pugh (D) | November 24, 1880

|- | Wisconsin (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Matthew H. Carpenter (R) | Died February 24, 1881. | Vacant | Not filled this term

|}

House of Representatives

  • replacements: 8
  • deaths: 4
  • resignations: 3
  • contested election: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 11

Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep

|- | Texas 6 | Vacant | Rep. Gustav Schleicher died during previous congress | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Christopher C. Upson (D) | April 15, 1879

|- | New York 12 | Vacant | Rep.-elect Alexander Smith died during previous congress | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Waldo Hutchins (D) | November 4, 1879

|- | Iowa 5 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Rush Clark (R) | Died April 29, 1879 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | William G. Thompson (R) | October 14, 1879

|- | Missouri 7 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Alfred M. Lay (D) | Died December 8, 1879 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | John F. Philips (D) | January 10, 1880

|- | New York 32 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Ray V. Pierce (R) | Resigned September 18, 1880 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jonathan Scoville (D) | November 12, 1880

|- | Alabama 6 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Burwell B. Lewis (D) | Resigned October 1, 1880, to accept presidency of the University of Alabama | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Newton N. Clements (D) | December 8, 1880

|- | Ohio 19 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James A. Garfield (R) | Resigned November 8, 1880 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Ezra B. Taylor (R) | December 13, 1880

|- | New Hampshire 3 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Evarts W. Farr (R) | Died November 30, 1880.
Successor elected December 28, 1880. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Ossian Ray (R) | January 8, 1881

|- | Florida 2 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Noble A. Hull (D) | Lost contested election January 22, 1881 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) | January 22, 1881

|- | North Carolina 1 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Joseph J. Martin (R) | Lost contested election January 29, 1881 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jesse J. Yeates (D) | January 29, 1881

|- | New York 9 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Fernando Wood (D) | Died February 14, 1881 | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | Michigan 7 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Omar D. Conger (R) | Resigned March 3, 1881, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term

|}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (3 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Readjuster

References

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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