List of political parties in Greece
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Prior to the 2012 elections the characteristic Greek political system was a two-party system. The historically dominant parties have been New Democracy and the Panhellenic Socialist Movement. Under the electoral system a party needs to surpass a 3% threshold in the popular vote in order to enter parliament. The largest party gets a 50-seat bonus (out of 300 seats) ostensibly to ensure elections return viable governing majorities.
In the Parliamentary elections held in 2009, five parties entered parliament: New Democracy (ND), the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) and the Popular Orthodox Rally (LA.O.S.). In the 2012 elections, seven parties entered the parliament: ND, SYRIZA, PASOK, Independent Greeks (ANEL), KKE, Golden Dawn, and Democratic Left (DIMAR).
Parties represented in the current Parliament and European Parliament
Minor parties
Defunct parties
Parties during the reign of King Otto (1833-1862)
- English Party (Template:Lang-el) (liberal, pro-English) (1824–1863)
- French Party (Template:Lang-el) (liberal, pro-French) (1824–1863)
- Russian Party (Template:Lang-el) (conservative, pro-Russian) (1825–1863)
- Party of Radicals (Template:Lang-el) (radical, pro-union) (1848–1864) in the United States of the Ionian Islands
Parties during the reign of King George I (1863-1913)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) (Liberal) (1910–1961)
- Nationalist Party (Template:Lang-el, K.E.) - Komma Ethnikofronon, KE (conservative, nationalist) (1865–1909)
- Modernist Party (Template:Lang-el, Ν.Κ.) - Neoteristikon Komma, ΝΚ (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1875–1910)
Parties during the reign of King Constantine I - George II (1913-1924)
- Freethinkers' Party (Template:Lang-el K.E.) - Komma Eleftherofronon (Nationalist, Royalist) (1922–1936)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) (Liberal,Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- People's Party (Template:Lang-el Λ.Κ.) LK - Laiko Komma (Conservative, Royalist) (1920–1958)
Parties during the Second Hellenic Republic (1924-1935)
- Agrarian Party (Template:Lang-el A.K.) - Agrotikon Komma AK (1926–1956)
- Conservative Democratic Party (Template:Lang-el) - Syntiritiko Demokratikon Komma SDK (1932–1936)
- Democratic Union (Template:Lang-el Δ.E.) - Demokratiki Enosis (Liberal) (1926-?)
- Democratic Socialist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, ΔΣΚ) - DSK (Democratic Socialist) (1935–1950)
- Farmers’ and Workers’ Party (Template:Lang-el) - Agrotikon kai Ergatikon Komma/Agrotergatiko Komma AEK (Rural radical) (1932–1936)
- General People's Radical Union (Template:Lang-el) - Geniki Laiki Rizospastiki Enosis GLRE (??) (1932–1936)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- Greek National Socialist Party (Template:Lang-el) - Elliniko Ethniko Sosialistiko Komma (National Socialist) (1932)
- Jewish Political Union (Template:Lang-el) - Evraiki Politiki Enosi (1926-1932)
- Macedonian Union (Template:Lang-el) – Makedoniki Enosi (Conservative) (1935)
- National Radical Party (Template:Lang-el E.Ρ.K.) - Ethnikon Rizospastikon Komma ERK (Conservative) (1932–1936)
- el (Template:Lang-el Ε.Ε.Κ.)– Ethnikon Enotikon Komma EEK (1935–1950)
- People's Party (Template:Lang-el Λ.Κ.) LK - Laiko Komma (Conservative, Royalist) (1920–1958)
- Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el Π.Κ.) - Proodeftikon Komma PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Refugees' Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el Φ.Π.Κ.) - Fileleftheron Prosfijikon Komma FPK (1926-?)
- Socialist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el ΣΚΕ)- Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, ΣΚΕ (Socialist, Svolist) (1920-1953)
- Union of Royalists (Template:Lang-el EB) – Enosis Vasilikon (Monarchist-Conservative) (1935)
Parties during the restoration of King George II (1936-1946)
- Agrarian Party (Template:Lang-el A.K.) - Agrotikon Komma AK (1926–1956)
- Conservative Democratic Party (Template:Lang-el) - Syntiritiko Demokratikon Komma SDK (1932–1936)
- Democratic Socialist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, ΔΣΚ) - DSK (Democratic Socialist) (1935–1950)
- Democratic Union (Template:Lang-el Δ.E.) - Demokratiki Enosis (Liberal) (1926-?)
- Farmers’ and Workers’ Party (Template:Lang-el) - Agrotikon kai Ergatikon Komma/Agrotergatiko Komma AEK (Rural radical) (1932–1936)
- General People's Radical Union (Template:Lang-el) - Geniki Laiki Rizospastiki Enosis GLRE (??) (1932–1936)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- National Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el E.Κ.E.) - Ethnikon Komma Ellados E.K.E. (Monarchist-Conservative) (1946–1967)
- National People's Party (Template:Lang-el E.Λ.Κ.) - Ethniko Laiko Komma E.L.K. (1936)
- National Political Union E.P.E. (Template:Lang-el Ε.Π.Ε.) - Ethniki Politiki Enosis, E.P.E. (Liberal) (1946)
- National Radical Party (Template:Lang-el E.Ρ.K.) - Ethnikon Rizospastikon Komma ERK (Conservative) (1932–1936)
- National Unionist Party (Template:Lang-el Ε.Ε.Κ.)– Ethnikon Enotikon Komma EEK (1935–1950)
- People's Party (Template:Lang-el Λ.Κ.) LK - Laiko Komma (Conservative, Royalist) (1920–1958)
- Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el Π.Κ.) - Proodeftikon Komma PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Reform Party (Template:Lang-el M.K.) - Metarrythmistikon Komma MK (1936)
- Union of Agrarian Parties (Template:Lang-el Ε.Α.Κ.) – Enosis Agrotikon Kommaton EAK (Agrarian) (1946)
- Union of the Nationally Minded (Template:Lang-el Ε.Ε.) – Enosis Ethnikofronon, ΕE (Monarchist-Conservative) (1946)
- United Order of Patriot-Thinkers (Template:Lang-el Η.Π.Ε.) – Inomeni Parataxis Ethnikofronon I.P.E. (Conservative) (1946)
Parties during the reigns of Kings Paul and Constantine II (1946-1973)
- 4th of August Party (Greek: Κόμμα 4ης Αυγούστου) - Κ4Α (Nationalist) (1965–1977)
- Center Union (Template:Lang-el) - Enosi Kentrou, E.K. (Liberal) (1961–1967)
- Christian Democracy (Template:Lang-el) - Christianikē Dēmokratia(socialist) (1963)
- Communist Party of Greece (Interior) (Template:Lang-el) - KKE Esoterikou (Eurocommunism) (1968–1986)
- Democratic Socialist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el, ΔΣΚ) - DSK (Democratic Socialist) (1935–1950)
- Greek Rally (Template:Lang-el Ε.Σ.) - Ellinikos Synagermos E.S. (Conservative, Royalist) (1951–1956)
- Politically Independent Alignment (Template:Lang-el Π.Α.Π.) - Politiki Anexartitos Parataxis PAP (Metaxist) (1950-?)
- Left Liberals (Template:Lang-el Α.Φ.) - Aristeroi Fileleutheroi AF (communist) (1950-?)
- Liberal Democratic Center (Template:Lang-el Φ.Δ.Κ.)– Filelefthero Dimokratiko Kentro FDK (Liberal) (1965–1966)
- Liberal Democratic Union (Template:Lang-el Φ.Δ.Ε.) - coalition of Republican and Liberal parties (1956)
- Liberal Party (Template:Lang-el) (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- Movement for Democracy and Socialism (Template:Lang-el) - (socialist) (1963)
- National Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el E.Κ.E.) - Ethnikon Komma Ellados E.K.E. (Monarchist-Conservative) (1946–1967)
- National Progressive Center Union (Template:Lang-el E.Π.Ε.Κ.) – Ethniki Proodeutiki Enosi Kentrou EPEK (1952)
- National Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el Δ.Π.Κ.) - Dimokratiko Proodeutiko Komma DPK (1950-?)
- National Radical Union (Template:Lang-el E.Ρ.E.) - Ethniki Rizospastiki Enosis E.R.E. (Conservative, Royalist) (1955–1967)
- New Party (Template:Lang-el N.K.) - Neo Komma NK (conservative) (1947-1951)
- Pandemocratic Agrarian Front (Template:Lang-el) – Pandimokratikon Agrotikon Metopon (Socialist) (1961)
- Party of Christian Democracy (Template:Lang-el ) – ?? (?) (1956)
- Party of I. Sofianopoulos (Template:Lang-el) - Komma tou I. Sofianopoulou (communist) (1950-?)
- Party of Progressive Liberals (Template:Lang-el) - Komma ton Prodethikon Fileleutheron (liberal) (1950-?)
- People's Social Party (Template:Lang-el Λ.Κ.Κ.) – Laikon Koinonikon Komma LKK (1955)
- Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el Π.Κ.) - Proodeftikon Komma PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Progressive Rural Democratic Union (Template:Lang-el ) - ?? (1958)
- Rally of Farmers and Workers (Template:Lang-el Parataxis Agroton kai Ergazomenon) - ?? (Agrarian) (1951–1952)
- Socialist Party-Democratic Popular Union (Template:Lang-el Σ.Κ.-Ε.Λ.Δ.) - Sosialistiko Komma-Enosi Laikis Dimokratias SK-ELD (Socialist) (1950–1952)
- Union of the People's Party (Template:Lang-el ) – ?? (?) (1958)
- United Democratic Left (Template:Lang-el Ε.Δ.Α. - Eniaia Dimokratiki Aristera EDA (Communist) (1951–1977)
Parties during the Third Hellenic Republic (1974-present)
- United Democratic Left (Template:Lang-el - Eniaia Dimokratiki Aristera) Democratic socialism, Communism, Pacifism (1951–1977)
- United Left (Template:Lang-el) Communism, Democratic socialism, Eurocommunism (1974-1977)
- Progress and Left Forces Alliance (Template:Lang-el) Democratic socialism, Christian socialism, Eurocommunism, Radicalism (1977-1981)
- Greek Left (Template:Lang-el) Eurocommunism, Radicalism, Democratic Socialism (1987–1992)
- Center Union - New Forces (Template:Lang-el) - Enosi Kentrou-Nees Dynameis (Social Democratic, Liberal) (1974–1977)
- Democrat Socialists' Movement (Template:Lang-el) - Kinima Demokraton Sostialiston (2015–)
- Democratic Alignment (Template:Lang-el Δ.Π.) - Dimokratiki Parataxi DP (1977)
- Democratic Alliance (Template:Lang-el Δ.Σ.) - Dimokratiki Symmahia DS (Centrist, neoliberal) (2010-2012)
- United Socialist Alignment of Greece (Template:Lang-el Ε.Σ.Π.Ε.) - Eniaia Sosialistiki Parataxi Elladas (Socialist) (1984–1989)
- Democratic Renewal (Template:Lang-el DH.ANA) - Dimokratiki Ananeosi DIANA (Conservative) (1985–1994)
- Democratic Revival (Template:Lang-el Δ.Α.) - Dimokratiki Anagenissi DA (National Conservative, Christian Socialist) (2004, 2007-)
- Drachmi Greek Democratic Movement Five Stars (Patriotic Socialism, eurosceptic) (2013-)
- Panathinaikos Movement (Template:Lang-el ΠΑΝ.ΚΙ)(2012-)
- Ecologists Greece (Template:Lang-el Ο.Ε.) - Oikologoi Elladas OE (Green conservative, rightist populist) (1988-)
- Front Line (Template:Lang-el) - Proti Grammi (Nationalist) (1999-?)
- Hellenic Front (Template:Lang-el) - Elliniko Metopo (Nationalist, Rightist) (1994–2004)
- Hellenic Women's Political Party (Template:Lang-el) - Komma Ellinidon Ginaikon (Feminist) (?-?)
- Liberal Democratic Union-Socialist Party (Template:Lang-el Φ.Δ.Ε.-Σ.Κ.) - ?? (1974)
- The Liberals (Template:Lang-el) - Oi Fileleftheroi (Liberal) (1999–2004)
- Movement of Free Citizens (Template:Lang-el, Κ.Ε.Π.) - Kinima Eleftheron Politon K.E.P. (Right of Center) (2001–2002)
- Movement for a United Communist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el) (communist) (1993–1996)
- National Alignment (Template:Lang-el Ε.Π.)- Ethniki Parataxis (E.P.) (Nationalist, Royalist) (1977)
- National Democratic Union (Template:Lang-el ) - Ethniki Dimokratiki Enosis (Rightist) (1974)
- National Political Union E.P.EN. (Template:Lang-el Ε.Π.ΕΝ.) - Ethniki Politiki Enosis, E.P.EN. (Rightist, Nationalist) (1984-1996)
- Organisation of Communists Marxists-Leninists of Greece (Template:Lang-el ΟΚΜΛΕ) (communist, maoist) (1982–1993)
- Panhellenic Macedonian Front (Template:Lang-el) (2009 - ?)
- Party of Democratic Socialism (Template:Lang-el ΚΟΔΗΣΟ) – Komma tou Dimokratikou Sosialismou KODISO (social democratic, democratic socialist) (1981-)
- Patriotic Alliance (Greek: Πατριωτική Συμμαχία) - Patriotiki Symmachia - PATRI.S. (Nationalist, Far Right) (2004–2007)
- Party of Hellenism (Template:Lang-el) - Komma Ellinismou (Nationalist, Populist) (1984–2004)
- Party of New Liberals (Template:Lang-el K.N.) – Komma ton Neofileftheron KN (Liberal, Liberal Conservative) (1977–1978)
- Peoples Democratic Unity (Template:Lang-el ) - LDE (1977)
- Political Spring (Template:Lang-el) - POL.AN (Right-Conservative, Nationalist) (1993–2004)
- Popular Union of Bipartisan Social Groups (Template:Lang-el) - LEFKO (Populist) (1989-)
- Progressive Party (Template:Lang-el Π.Κ.) - Proodeftikon Komma PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Radical Left Front (Template:Lang-el)- ME.R.A. (Radical Left)
- Radical Movement of Social Democratic Alliance (Template:Lang-el) - RIKSSY (Social democracy) (2012-2013)
- Republican Union (Template:Lang-el Δ.Ε.) – Dimokratiki Enosis DE
- Rainbow (Template:Lang-el, Slavic Macedonian: Виножито Vinožito)
- Revolutionary Communist Party of Greece (Template:Lang-el ) – Epanastatiko Koumounistiko Komma Ellados-EKKE (communist) (1974)
- United Nationalist Movement (Template:Lang-el ΕΝ.Ε.Κ.) - Eniaio Ethnikistiko Kinima ENEK (Extreme Right, Nationalist) (1979-1989)
See also
Further reading
- Lyrintzis, Christos (March 2005). "The Changing Party System: Stable Democracy, Contested 'Modernisation'". West European Politics. 28 (2): 242–259. doi:10.1080/01402380500058845.
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- Pappas, Takis S. (April 2003). "The transformation of the Greek party system since 1951". West European Politics. 26 (2): 90–114. doi:10.1080/01402380512331341121.
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- Here Are The Parties That Really Matter In Greece's Upcoming Election via Bloomberg Politics. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
References
- ^ Lacroix, Justine; Nicolaīdis, Kalypso (2011). European Stories: Intellectual Debates on Europe in National Contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 188. ISBN 9780199594627.