Jump to content

2014 European Parliament election: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m →Results: oops
Guy Verhofstadt was the candidate of the whole alliance (including the EDP), not only of the ALDE party.
Line 129: Line 129:
From 22 to 25 May 2014, '''elections to the [[European Parliament]]''' were held in the [[European Union]].
From 22 to 25 May 2014, '''elections to the [[European Parliament]]''' were held in the [[European Union]].


It was the 8th [[Elections to the European Parliament|parliamentary election]] since the first direct elections in 1979, and the first in which the [[European political party|pan-European political parties]] fielded candidates for [[President of the European Commission|president]] of the [[European Commission|Commission]]. The candidates, sometimes referred to by the German term ''Spitzenkandidaten'' (‘top candidates’),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/eu-elections/124192 |title=Commission hopefuls largely unknown on streets of Europe |publisher=Euobserver.com |date= |accessdate=22 May 2014}}</ref> were [[Jean-Claude Juncker]] for the [[European People's Party]], [[Martin Schulz]] for the [[Party of European Socialists]], [[Guy Verhofstadt]] for the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party]], [[Ska Keller]] and [[José Bové]] jointly for the [[European Green Party]] and [[Alexis Tsipras]] for the [[Party of the European Left]]. The [[Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists]]<ref name="EuropeDecides"/> and the [[European Alliance for Freedom]] declined to nominate candidates.
It was the 8th [[Elections to the European Parliament|parliamentary election]] since the first direct elections in 1979, and the first in which the [[European political party|pan-European political parties]] fielded candidates for [[President of the European Commission|president]] of the [[European Commission|Commission]]. The candidates, sometimes referred to by the German term ''Spitzenkandidaten'' (‘top candidates’),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/eu-elections/124192 |title=Commission hopefuls largely unknown on streets of Europe |publisher=Euobserver.com |date= |accessdate=22 May 2014}}</ref> were [[Jean-Claude Juncker]] for the [[European People's Party]], [[Martin Schulz]] for the [[Party of European Socialists]], [[Guy Verhofstadt]] for the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe], [[Ska Keller]] and [[José Bové]] jointly for the [[European Green Party]] and [[Alexis Tsipras]] for the [[Party of the European Left]]. The [[Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists]]<ref name="EuropeDecides"/> and the [[European Alliance for Freedom]] declined to nominate candidates.


While the [[European People's Party (European Parliament group)|European People's Party]] lost ground to the [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats]], it remained the largest faction in the new parliament, implying that Juncker may assume the presidency provided that he is elected by a qualified majority of the [[European Council]] as well as a simple majority in the new parliament. Additionally, far-left, eurosceptic conservative, and nationalist right-wing groups gained ground at the expense of more integrationist alliances.
While the [[European People's Party (European Parliament group)|European People's Party]] lost ground to the [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats]], it remained the largest faction in the new parliament, implying that Juncker may assume the presidency provided that he is elected by a qualified majority of the [[European Council]] as well as a simple majority in the new parliament. Additionally, far-left, eurosceptic conservative, and nationalist right-wing groups gained ground at the expense of more integrationist alliances.

Revision as of 14:36, 27 June 2014

European Parliament election, 2014
← 2009 22–25 May 2014 2019 →
All 751 seats to the European Parliament
376 seats needed for a majority
 
Leader Jean-Claude Juncker Martin Schulz Did not present a candidate[1]
Alliance EPP S&D ECR
Last election 36%, 265 seats 25.0%, 183 seats 7.3%, 54 seats
Seats won 221 191 70
Seat change Decrease 44 Increase 8 Increase 16
Percentage 29.4% 25.4% 9.3%
Swing Decrease 6.6% Increase 0.4% Increase 2.0%
 
Leader Guy Verhofstadt[2] Alexis Tsipras[3] Ska Keller and
José Bové
Alliance ALDE GUE/NGL Greens/EFA
Last election 11.4%, 84 seats 4.8%, 35 seats 7.5%, 55 seats
Seats won 67 52 50
Seat change Decrease 17 Increase 17 Decrease 5
Percentage 8.9% 6.9% 6.7%
Swing Decrease 2.5% Increase 2.1% Decrease 0.8%
 
Leader Did not present a candidate
Alliance EFDD
Last election 4.3%, 32 seats
Seats won 48
Seat change Increase 16
Percentage 6.4%
Swing Increase 2.1%
The largest European Parliament group as elected by each constituency.
For the French Overseas Territories constituency, its three sections are considered.

  EPP   S&D   ALDE   Greens/EFA

  ECR   GUE/NGL   EFD

  NI

President of the European Commission before election

José Manuel Barroso
EPP

Majority

TBD

This article is part of a series on
Politics of the European Union
Member states (27)
Candidate countries
Countries with suspended accession negotiations
Applicant countries
Treaties and Declarations
Opt-outs
Treaties of accession
1972, 1979, 1985, 1994, 2003, 2005, 2011
Treaties of succession
1984, 2020
Other treaties
Abandoned treaties and agreements
Executive institutions
European Council
European Commission
Legislative institutions
Council of the EU
Presidency
Hungary Hungary
(July–December 2024)
Configurations
European Parliament
(Members)
National parliaments
Judicial institutions
Court of Justice of the EU
Auditory institutions
European Court of Auditors
Other auditory bodies
European Central Bank
Other bodies
European Investment Bank Group
European Stability Mechanism
European University Institute
Unified Patent Court
Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
Other independent bodies
Advisory bodies
Inter-institutional bodies
Euratom
Euratom members
Associated states
Euratom since 1 January 2021
Euratom since 1 January 2021
Economic and Monetary Union
Eurozone members


Eurogroup


Other currencies in use
Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
Eurozone since 2015
Eurozone since 2015
Schengen Area
Non-EU members
Non-Schengen area EU member states
Schengen Area from January 2023
Schengen Area from January 2023
European Economic Area
EEA members
Non-EU members
Topics
European Economic Area
European Economic Area
Elections
European elections
Elections in EU member states
Law
Policies and issues
Foreign relations
High Representative
Foreign relations of EU member states
Defunct bodies
flag European Union portal

From 22 to 25 May 2014, elections to the European Parliament were held in the European Union.

It was the 8th parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979, and the first in which the pan-European political parties fielded candidates for president of the Commission. The candidates, sometimes referred to by the German term Spitzenkandidaten (‘top candidates’),[4] were Jean-Claude Juncker for the European People's Party, Martin Schulz for the Party of European Socialists, Guy Verhofstadt for the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe], Ska Keller and José Bové jointly for the European Green Party and Alexis Tsipras for the Party of the European Left. The Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists[1] and the European Alliance for Freedom declined to nominate candidates.

While the European People's Party lost ground to the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, it remained the largest faction in the new parliament, implying that Juncker may assume the presidency provided that he is elected by a qualified majority of the European Council as well as a simple majority in the new parliament. Additionally, far-left, eurosceptic conservative, and nationalist right-wing groups gained ground at the expense of more integrationist alliances.

Background

The European Council decided to hold the 2014 elections in late May instead of early June as had been the case with previous EP elections.[5] The elections were brought forward to provide more time for the election of a president of the European Commission, and because they would otherwise have coincided with the Pentecost weekend which falls during school holidays in many member states.[6]

The ongoing Eurozone crisis, an offshoot of the Great Recession, started several months after the last Parliament election in June 2009.[7] Although it affected most EU member states, the hardest-hit economies were those of southern Europe: Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, along with Ireland. Among other reasons, harsh austerity measures significantly affected the public approval of EU leadership. The percentage of Greeks approving the EU leadership decreased from 32% in 2010 to 19% in 2013, while in Spain, the approval dwindled more than a half from 59% in 2008 to 27% in 2013.[8] Overall, only four of the 27 members countries approved the EU leadership.[9] Peter S. Goodman suggests that "distrust about the treaties and conventions that hold together modern Europe appear at an all-time high."[10] "Europe's establishment parties are widely expected to suffer their worst performance" since 1979, with the three mainstream parties (EPP, PES, ALDE) expected to collectively gain 63% of the vote, a 10% loss since 2009.[11]

The Economist estimated in January 2014 that "anti-EU populists of the left and right could take between 16% and 25% of the parliament's seats, up from 12% today."[12] Euromoney predicted "anti-EU populists and nationalists" winning around 150 seats in the parliament, almost 20% of the total.[13] A Policy Network article from February 2014 suggested that despite the media focus on anti-EU parties, they "will undoubtedly remain modest compared to" other mainstream parties, but "their growth and their intentions to cooperate, signify important changes for the EU and European politics."[14] In several countries, far-right and right-wing populist parties were expected to be in contention to poll the most number of votes in this election, including parties in Austria (Freedom Party),[15] Denmark (People's Party),[16] France (National Front),[17] the Netherlands (Party for Freedom),[18] and the UK (UKIP).[19] In Greece, the far-left Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) consistently led the polling in the leadup to the election.[20] In Italy the populist and anti-establishment Five Star Movement, according to the polls, was expected to be the second most popular party after the Democratic Party, with about 25% of votes.[21]

In January 2014, José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission, said, "We are seeing, in fact, a rise of extremism from the extreme right and from the extreme left" and suggested that the election might become "a festival of unfounded reproaches against Europe."[22]

Presidential candidates

The Lisbon Treaty, which entered into force on 1 December 2009, provides that the European Parliament shall endorse or veto the appointment of the president of the European Commission on the basis of a proposal made by the European Council, taking into account the European elections (article 17, paragraph 7 of the Treaty on European Union). This provision applied for the first time for the 2014 elections.

Nevertheless, senior figures such as European Council president Herman Van Rompuy,[23] German Chancellor Angela Merkel,[24] and former Commission president Jacques Delors[25] questioned the aspiration of European political parties to link the presidency of the European Commission with the result of the European elections and insisted that the future Commission president has to suit Member States' expectations first.

Based on these new provisions, the following European political parties designated candidates for Commission president ahead of the 2014 election: the Party of European Socialists (PES),[26][27][28] the European People's Party (EPP),[29] the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE party),[30] the European Green Party (EGP),[31] the Party of European Left (EL)[32] and the European Democratic Party.[33]

Party of European Socialists

The Common Candidate process of the Party of European Socialists was carried out according to the following timetable:[34]

  • 1–31 October 2013: nominations.
  • 6 November 2013: PES Presidency meeting to check the candidacies and publish the official list of candidates.
  • 1 December 2013 – 31 January 2014: internal selection process within each member Party or organisation.
  • February 2014: PES Election Congress to ratify the votes on the candidate, adopt the Manifesto, and launch the PES European election campaign.

Following the defeat of the Party of European Socialists during the European elections of June 2009, the PES made the decision that PES would designate its candidate for Commission president in December 2009, which rapidly triggered debates about how to select this candidate.[35] The PES Congress gathering in Brussels in November 2011 made the decision that it would select the PES candidate through internal primaries in each of its member parties and organisations.[36] Member parties and organisations are free to determine their own voting process, including by opening it to non-members.

European People's Party

File:EPP Dublin Congress, 2014 (12995279734).jpg
As the candidate of the People's Party, which became the largest faction in the new parliament, Jean-Claude Juncker is in pole position to assume the presidency of the Commission.

On 6 and 7 March 2014, the congress of the European People's Party in Dublin selected Jean-Claude Juncker as its presidential candidate and adopted an election manifesto.[42][43] Jyrki Katainen, Enda Kenny, Donald Tusk, Michel Barnier,[44] and Valdis Dombrovskis[45][46] were also seen as possible contenders.

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Juncker set out the priorities he would have as president:

  1. Create growth and jobs
  2. Reform and reorganise the European energy policy into a new energy union
  3. Negotiate a reasonable and balanced trade agreement with the United States
  4. Continue with the reform of the Economic and Monetary Union, with the European social dimension in mind
    1. Re-balance the relationship between elected politicians and the European Central Bank in the daily management of the Eurozone
    2. Re-balance the way in which we grant conditional stability support to Eurozone countries in financial difficulties
    3. Strengthen the external projection of our monetary union
  5. give an answer to the British question

Juncker also set out five priorities on the subject of immigration:

  1. Implement the Common European Asylum System
  2. Step up the practical assistance provided by the European Asylum Support Office
  3. Step up cooperation with third countries, particularly North African countries
  4. More political determination when it comes to legal migration
  5. Secure Europe’s borders

Finally he set out three foreign policy objectives:

  1. Making the High Representative act like a true European Minister of Foreign Affairs
  2. Permanent structured cooperation in defence matters
  3. A pause for enlargement

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

The timetable of the Alliance for Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE) for designating its candidate for President of the European Commission is:[47]

  • 28–30 November: Nominations opens & Election Manifesto adopted at London Congress
  • 19 December: Pre-Summit liberal leaders meeting to discuss nominations received
  • 20 December: Nominations formally close
  • 1 February: ALDE Party Candidate to be announced at special Electoral Congress, Brussels

In 2012, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE) members were said to be "struggling" to find a candidate for Commission president ahead of the 2014 European elections. Guy Verhofstadt was considered to be the likely nominee, but a meeting of the then-ELDR party held in Dublin from 8 to 10 November 2012 did not agree to formally nominate him yet; concerns voiced included the fact that it was considered unlikely that Verhofstadt would have a chance of getting elected as President of the European Commission, as Anders Fogh Rasmussen (the incumbent Secretary General of NATO) was expected to be appointed to the post of President of the European Council or High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy after the 2014 election, and two liberal politicians in the EU's top ranks were not expected to be considered acceptable. While a compromise position was reached (to nominate a candidate for Commission President "in time for the 2014 European Parliamentary election campaign"), the corresponding resolution was not passed due to disagreements on other points included in the resolution.[48] The ALDE political party finally decided to discuss candidates at the party's pre-summit meeting at the margins of the 19–20 December European Council.[49] Belgian daily De Standaard and EU news website fr [EurActiv] reported during the summit that the ALDE party has appointed Mark Rutte and Christian Lindner as 'mediators' between Rehn and Verhofstadt to work out who would be the candidate.

European Green Party

In July 2013 European Green Party (EGP) announced that it would run an open primary online.[51] Open to all inhabitants in the union over the age of 16 who "support green values",[52] this resulted in Ska Keller and José Bové being elected candidates. Other qualified candidates were Rebecca Harms and Monica Frassoni.[53]

Party of the European Left

Meeting on 19 October 2013 in Madrid, the Council of chairpersons of the Party of the European Left (EL) decided to designate a common candidate for the president of the European Commission to prevent "the forces responsible for the crisis" from keeping the monopoly during the electoral campaign. The Council reaffirmed however that this new measure "will not hide, as European leaders and the troika hope, their authoritarianism".

The Council decided to submit to the decision of the next Congress, 13 to 15 December in Madrid, the candidacy of Alexis Tsipras,[32][54][55] who "would be the voice of resistance and hope against the ultra-liberal policies and facing the threat of the extreme right". As Alexis Tsipras will therefore be the only candidate for the job, the Council has mandated the Presidency of the EL to consult all members and observers parties of the EL and the GUE/NGL group in the European parliament about this application. Tsipras's candidature was confirmed on 15 December.[3] Alexis Tsipras was elected. Finally on 25 June The GUE/NGL announced that Pablo Iglesias, a newly elected MEP from PODEMOS, was named as candidate for the presidency of the European Parliament. The decision was received with cheers and applauses by the Group members, who have expressed a clear endorsement of the struggles in the South of Europe against austerity and the dictates of the Troika.[56]

European Democratic Party

On 2 December 2013 in Rome, the Council of the European Democratic Party decided to designate a candidate on the occasion of the next meeting in February 2014,[33] along with its manifesto. The next president of the Commission will have to "to settle a more political Commission". Allied with the Liberals in the ALDE Group but opposed to Olli Rehn, the European Democratic Party welcomed the candidature of Guy Verhofstadt, ALDE Group leader.[57] The party adopted its manifesto on 28 February and named Guy Verhofstadt as its candidate for the Presidency of the European Commission on 12 March.[58] Guy Verhofstadt was elected.

Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists

The Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists will not be presenting a candidate for the European Commission presidency. They argue that participating in the process would legitimate a federalist vision of a European super-state and that the lack of a European demos makes the process illegitimate.[59]

European Free Alliance

The European Free Alliance stands for "a Europe of Free Peoples based on the principle of subsidiarity, which believe in solidarity with each other and the peoples of the world."[60] It consists of various national-level political parties in Europe advocating either full political independence (statehood), or some form of devolution or self-governance for their country or region. The alliance has generally limited its membership to progressive parties, and therefore, not all European regionalist parties are members of EFA. The EFA stands on the left of the political spectrum, and in the Brussels declaration it emphasises the protection of human rights, sustainable development and social justice. In 2007 the EFA congress in Bilbao added several progressive principles to the declaration: including a commitment to fight against racism, antisemitism, discrimination, xenophobia and islamophobia and a commitment to get full citizenship for migrants, including voting rights.

European Pirate Party

The newly founded European Pirate Party elected MEP Amelia Andersdotter (who is running for re-election) and The Pirate Bay co-founder Peter Sunde (running for election in Finland) as its candidates for the European Commission presidency.[61] The European Pirate Party is not recognised as a European political party.

Televised debates

Date Time (CEST) Institute Participants Location Language Main Presenter(s)
9 April 2014 17:10 France 24 and RFI[62] Juncker and Schulz Brussels French Caroline de Camaret (France 24) and Dominique Baillard (RFI)
9 April 2014 France 24[63] Juncker and Schulz Brussels English Christophe Robeet (France 24)
28 April 2014 19:00 Euronews Juncker, Schulz, Verhofstadt, and Keller Maastricht English Isabelle Kumar (Euronews)
29 April 2014 14:30 Euranet Plus[64] Juncker, Schulz, Verhofstadt, and Keller Brussels English Brian Mcguire (Euranet) and Ahinara Bascuñana López (Euranet)
8 May 2014 20:15 ZDF and ORF Juncker and Schulz Berlin German Ingrid Thurnher (ORF) and Peter Frey (ZDF)
9 May 2014 18:30 EUI Juncker, Schulz, Verhofstadt and Bové Florence English Tony Barber (FT), Monica Maggioni (RAI) and J.H.H. Weiler (EUI)
13 May 2014 18:30 LCI and RFI[65] Juncker and Schulz Paris French Michel Field (LCI) and Jérôme Chapuis (RTL)
15 May 2014 21:00 EBU Juncker, Schulz, Verhofstadt, Keller and Tsipras Brussels English Monica Maggioni (RAI)
19 May 2014 23:01 France 2[66] Verhofstadt and Bové Paris French Yves Calvi (France 2)
20 May 2014 21:00 ARD Juncker and Schulz Hamburg German Andreas Cichowicz (NDR) and Sonia Seymour Mikich (WDR)

France 24 and RFI

The first head-to-head debate between Jean-Claude Juncker and Martin Schulz was hosted by France 24 and RFI on 9 April, at 17:10 CEST. The programme was 40 minutes long, conducted in French, and moderated by Caroline de Camaret and Dominique Baillard.[67] The debate can be viewed in full at this link on YouTube.

Euronews

The first debate open to all of the candidates for Commission President took place on Monday 28 April in Maastricht, and was hosted by the City of Maastricht, Maastricht University, Connect Limburg and the European Youth Forum, with Euronews as the main media partner. The debate, officially known as "The First European Presidential Debate", was 90 minutes long, commencing at 19:00 CEST/18:00 WEST. It took place in Theater aan het Vrijthof in Maastricht, in front of an audience of 700 young people, and was be moderated by Euronews lead presenter Isabelle Kumar. The debate was broadcast live by the main media partner Euronews and streamed live on the debate's website, on euronews.com, and on Euronews' mobile apps. It was conducted in English and was simultaneoustly available in Arabic, English, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Persian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Turkish and Ukrainian.[68] The EPP, PES, and ALDE were each represented by their respective common candidates (Juncker, Schulz, and Verhofstadt), whilst the Greens were represented by Keller, rather than her co-candidate Bové. Tsipras, the candidate for the European Left, did not take part.[69] The debate can be viewed in full at this link on YouTube.

ZDF and ORF

Shortly after the EPP's congress, German and Austrian public television channels announced that they would organise two television debates between the EPP's Juncker and PES's Schulz. The first of these debates was conducted by ZDF of Germany and ORF of Austria, and hosted on 8 May at 20:15 CEST/19:15 WEST. This debate took place in Berlin and was conducted in German.[70] It was moderated by the Editor-in-Chief of ZDF, Peter Frey, and ORF journalist Ingrid Thurnher. The debate can be viewed in full at the ZDF Mediathek.[71]

European University Institute

On 9 May, Europe Day, at 18:30 CEST/17:30 WEST, the European University Institute hosted the second of three televised Presidential debates open to all qualified candidates. The event was to last 90 minutes, but overran by about 10 minutes. It took place at the Palazzo Vecchio (Florence City Hall) in Italy, in front of an audience of researchers and students as well as leading international academics, policy makers and representatives of civil society. The President of the Italian Republic, Giorgio Napolitano, was also in attendance. It was moderated by Tony Barber (Europe Editor of the Financial Times), Monica Maggioni (Director of RAI News 24), and J.H.H. Weiler (President of the European University Institute). The debate was broadcast live on RAI NEWS 24, as well as being live-streamed online.[72]

European Broadcasting Union

The hemicycle of the European Parliament in Brussels served as the venue for the live EBU debate.

A fourth live television debate between candidates for the presidency of the European Commission took place on 15 May, hosted by the European Broadcasting Union.[73] This debate took place in front of a live studio audience in the European Parliament's hemicycle (plenary chamber) in Brussels at 21:00 CSET/20:00 WEST.[74] Veteran Italian journalist, war correspondent, TV anchor, author, filmmaker, and broadcasting executive it was the main presenter.[74]

The debate was 90 minutes long and featured every candidate who met the following selection criteria: each candidate must be nominated by one of the 13 parties currently represented in the European Parliament; the nominating party must be represented in one of the seven recognised groups in the European Parliament; only one candidate per group is allowed; and only presidential candidates nominated before 15 March are eligible. The participants were thus Jean-Claude Juncker, Martin Schulz, Guy Verhofstadt, Ska Keller, and Alexis Tsipras. The EBU distributed the debate to its member broadcasters such as the BBC, RAI and France Télévisions. The organisers requested that the candidates all speak in English so that the programme would not be burdened with awkward lags for interpretation. However, Jean-Claude Juncker and Alexis Tsipras were uncomfortable speaking English and so spoke French and Greek respectively.[43]

The debate began with a tribute to former Belgian Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene, who had died earlier that day in France. This tribute was issued by Martin Schulz (in his capacity as President of the European Parliament) and Guy Verhofstadt (in his capacity as Dehaene's successor as Prime Minister of Belgium). At the close of the debate, the candidates jointly (through Ska Keller) supported the #BringBackOurGirls initiative about the girls kidnapped in Nigeria.

A second EBU debate, scheduled for 20 May, was planned, but was later cancelled.[75] This debate was to be a 45-minute head-to-head debate between the candidates of the two leading parties (according to the average of the last three election polls published before the end of April 2014 in all EU Member States). This would have been a debate between PES's Martin Schulz, and the EPP's Jean-Claude Juncker. In meetings following the EBU's announcement of the two planned debates, smaller parties such as ALDE and the Greens criticised the format of the head-to-head debate, saying that it excludes them from fair visibility ahead of the election. The socialist candidate, Martin Schulz, and his team also decided to back down from this two-man debate due to fears of losing political support from smaller European parties.

ARD

The second of the German language head-to-head debates between Juncker and Schulz was conducted by ARD, a consortium of Germany's regional public-service broadcasters. This debate was hosted in Hamburg, on 20 May at 21:00 CEST/20:00 WEST. An audience of 175 was present and posed questions to the two men.[76][77] de [Andreas Cichowicz] (NDR) and Sonia Mikich (WDR) were the moderators.

Opinion polls

No pan-European opinion polls are carried out; however, several institutes compiled predictions of the outcome of the elections based on national polls.

Some of the institutes below, such as Pollwatch, applied algorithms to the national poll results before aggregating them, in an attempt to account for the lower than expected results received by governing parties in previous European Parliament elections. However, other institutions did not share the expectation that governing parties would automatically perform worse than the polls suggest.

Note: Percentages indicate proportion of predicted seats and not vote share.

Polls (until 15 May 2014)

Apportionment of seats

Main article: Apportionment in the European Parliament

Decisions on the apportionment of seats in the Parliament are governed by article 14 of the Treaty of Lisbon. This article lays down that "The European Parliament shall be composed of representatives of the Union's citizens. They shall not exceed seven hundred and fifty in number, plus the President. Representation of citizens shall be degressively proportional, with a minimum threshold of six members per Member State. No Member State shall be allocated more than ninety-six seats."

It had been the stated desire of the member-state governments to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon before the 2009 election, so that its articles governing the European Parliament could be in force for that election. However, this was blocked by the Irish rejection of the treaty in a referendum. Therefore, in June 2009, the European Parliament was elected under the rules of the Treaty of Nice, which provided for 736 seats, instead of the 751 to be provided in the Treaty of Lisbon.

The Lisbon Treaty was subsequently ratified, and provisional measures were ratified in December 2011 to give the 18 additional seats, to the countries entitled to them, before the 2014 elections, without withdrawing Germany's 3 extra seats. These 18 additional MEPs brought the number of MEPs to 754 temporarily until 2014.[112] These 18 "phantom MEPs" would initially have observer status, before becoming full members of the parliament if an additional protocol is ratified by 2014.[113][114]

Thus the 2014 election will be the first to apply the apportionment of seats provided by the Lisbon treaty.

Andrew Duff MEP (ALDE, UK) tabled two reports in March 2011 and September 2012 proposing new apportionments of seats (see table opposite). Article 14 provides that "The European Council shall adopt by unanimity, on the initiative of the European Parliament and with its consent, a decision establishing the composition of the European Parliament", respecting the principle of degressive proportionality, the threshold of 6 MEPs for smaller member states and the limit of 96 MEPs for larger member states.

Election dates

  22 May
  23 May
  24 May
  25 May
 Map
Netherlands, United Kingdom (including Gibraltar) Ireland Latvia, Malta, Slovakia, French Overseas Territories Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia, Spain
Czech Republic

Results

The centre-right European People's Party won the most seats, but came up well short of a majority. In Denmark, France, and Great Britain rightist groups opposed to the European Union won "unprecedented" victories according to some news organisations such as Reuters. Elsewhere, populist parties won significant seats. In total, roughly a quarter of all seats went to parties sceptical of the EU or protest parties. Thus, the election was seen as anti-establishment. In the wake of the election, several prominent political figures said the EU needed to realign its priorities in a hurry. Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte called for "fewer rules and less fuss", while British Prime Minister David Cameron said "Europe should concentrate on what matters, on growth and jobs, and not try to do so much."[115]

State political groups of the 7th European Parliament (previous session)[116] MEPs Note
EPP
(EPP) 		S&D
(PES) 		ECR
(AECR, ECPM) 		ALDE
(ALDE, EDP) 		GUE/NGL
(EL, NGLA, EACL) 		G-EFA
(EGP, EFA) 		EFD
(MELD) 		NI New parties
w/o affiliation[a]
Germany
Germany 		29 (CDU)
5 (CSU) 		−5
−3 		27 (SPD) +4 3 (FDP) −9 7 (Linke) −1 11 (B’90/Grüne) −3 1 (NPD)1 (Partei) +14 96 −3 [122]
France
France 		20 (UMP) −9 13 (PS+PRG) −1 7 (UDI+MoDem) −3 3 (FG)
1 (UOM) 		−1
= 		6 (EE) −6 0 (MPF) −1 23 + 1 (FN)[b] +21 74 = [124]
[125]
[126]
United Kingdom
United
Kingdom 		20 (Lab) +7 19 (Cons.)
1 (UUP) 		−7
= 		1 (LibDem) −11 1 (SF) = 3 (Green)
2 (SNP)
1 (PC) 		+1
=
= 		24 (UKIP) +12 1 (DUP)
0 (BNP) 		=
−2 		73 = [127]
[128]
Italy
Italy 		13 (FI)
3 (NCD+UDC)
1 (SVP) 		−16
-2
= 		31 (PD) +10 0 (IdV) −7 3 (AE) +3
5 (LN)
 −4 +17 73 =
Spain
Spain 		16 (PP)
1 (CpE)[c] 		−8
= 		14 (PSOE/PSC) −9 2 (CpE)[d] = 5 (IP)[e] +4 2 (EPDD)
1 (IP)[f] 		+1
= 		+3
1 (PE)
+9 54 =
Poland
Poland 		19 (PO)
4 (PSL) 		-6
0 		5 (SLD+UP) −2 19 (PiS) +4 4 (KNP) +4 51 =
Romania
Romania 		5 (PDL)
2 (UDMR)
2 (PMP)
0 (Băsescu)
−5
−1
+2
−1
 16 (PSD+PC+UNPR) +5 +1 0 (PRM) −3 +1 32 −1 [135]
Netherlands
Netherlands 		5 (CDA) = 3 (PvdA) = 1 (CU) = 4 (D66)
3 (VVD) 		+1
= 		2 (SP) = 2 (GL) −1 = 4 (PVV) = +1 26 +1
Belgium
Belgium 		2 (CD&V)
1 (CDH)
1 (CSP) 		−1
=
= 		3 (PS)
1 (SP.A) 		=
−1 		0 (LDD) −1 3 (Open VLD)
3 (MR) 		=
+1
4 (N-VA)
1 (Groen)
1 (Ecolo)
+3
=
−1 		1 (VB) −1 21 −1
Czech Republic
Czech
Republic 		4 (TOP 09+STAN)
3 (KDU-ČSL) 		+4
+1 		4 (ČSSD) −3 2 (ODS) −7 3 (KSČM) −1 +5 21 −1 [140]
Greece
Greece 		5 (ND) −3 2 (ELIA) −6 6 (SYRIZA)
2 (KKE)
+5
= 		0 (OP) −1 0 (LAOS) −2 3 (XA)
1 (ANEL)[120]
2 (Potami)
+6 21 −1
Hungary
Hungary 		12 (Fidesz+KDNP) −2 2 (MSZP) −2 0 (MDF) −1 1 (LMP) +1 3 (Jobbik) =
2 (DK)
 +3 21 −1 [141]
Portugal
Portugal 		7 (PSD+CDS-PP) −3 8 (PS) +1 3 (CDU)
1 (BE) 		+1
−2 		+2 21 −1 [142]
Sweden
Sweden 		3 (M)
1 (KD) 		−1
= 		5 (S) -1 2 (FP)
1 (C) 		−1
= 		1 (V) = 4 (MP)
0 (PP) 		+2
−2 		+3 20 = [144]
Austria
Austria 		5 (ÖVP) −1 5 (SPÖ) = 1 (NEOS) +1 3 (Greens) +1 4 (FPÖ)
0 (MARTIN)
0 (BZÖ)
+2
−3
−1 		18 −1
Bulgaria
Bulgaria 		6 (GERB)
0 (SK) 		+1
−2 		4 (KB) = 4 (DPS)
0 (NDSV) 		+1
−2 		0 (Ataka) −2
1 (RB)[147]
+3 17 −1 [148]
Finland
Finland 		3 (KOK)
0 (KD) 		=
−1 		2 (SDP) = 3 (KESK)
1 (RKP) 		=
= 		1 (VAS) +1 1 (VIHR) −1
2 (PS)[120]
+1 13 =
Denmark
Denmark 		1 (K) = 3 (S) −1 2 (V)
1 (RV) 		−1
+1 		1 (N) = 1 (SF) −1
4 (DF)[120]
+2 13 = [149]
Slovakia
Slovakia 		2 (KDH)
2 (SDKÚ-DS)
1 (SMK)
1 (Most-Híd) 		=
=
−1
+1 		4 (Smer) −1 1 (SaS)
0 (ĽS-HZDS) 		+1
−1 		0 (SNS) −1 +1
+1 		13 =
Croatia
Croatia 		4 (HDZ)
1 (HSS) 		-1
+1 		2 (SDP) −3 1 (HSP-AS) = 1 (HNS-LD)
1 IDS 		+1
+1 		0 (HL-SR) −1
1 (ORaH)
 +1 11 −1
Republic of Ireland
Ireland 		4 (FG) = 0 (Lab) −3 +1 1 (Harkin) −2
= 		3 (SF)
0 (Soc) 		+3
−1 		+1 +1 11 −1 [152]

[153]
[154]

Lithuania
Lithuania 		2 (TS-LKD) –2 2 (LSDP) −1 1 (LLRA) = 2 (LRLS)
1 (DP) 		+1
= 		2 (TT) = +1 11 −1
Latvia
Latvia 		4 (Vienotība) +1 1 (Saskaņa SDP) −1 1 (NA) = 0 (LPP/LC) −1 0 (LSP) −1 1 (LKS) = +1 8 −1
Slovenia
Slovenia 		3 (SDS)
2 (NSi+SLS) 		=
+1 		1 (SD) −1 0 (LDS)
0 (Zares) 		−1
−1
1 (DeSUS)
 +2 8 = [156]
[157]
Cyprus
Cyprus 		2 (DISY) = 1 (EDEK)
1 (DIKO) 		=
= 		2 (AKEL) = 6 =
Estonia
Estonia 		1 (IRL) = 1 (SDE) = 2 (ER)
1 (KE) 		+1
−1 		1 (Tarand) = 6 =
Luxembourg
Luxembourg 		3 (CSV) = 1 (LSAP) = 1 (DP) = 1 (Gréng) = 6 =
Malta
Malta 		3 (PN)[158] +1 3 (PL) −1 6 =
Total [h] [i] MEPs
EPP S&D ECR ALDE GUE/NGL G-EFA EFD NI New parties
214 (28.5%) −60 185 (24.8%) −11 45 (6.1%) −12 59 (7.9%) −24 45 (6.0%) +10 47 (6.5%) −10 38 (5.1%) +7 42 (5.5%) +9 76 (10.1%) 751 −15
  1. ^ Highlight colours show declared group affiliation in the incoming parliament.
  2. ^ Mrs Joëlle Bergeron who was elected from the Marine blue gathering's electoral list will eventually seat as an independent MEP in the Europe of Freedom and Democracy political group after having ended her membership of the National Front.[123]
  3. ^ The UDC, which was part of the Coalition for Europe, decided to sit in the EPP group
  4. ^ The CDC and the EAJ-PNV, who were part of the Coalition for Europe, decided to sit in the ALDE group
  5. ^ The IU and Anova, which were part of the IP, decided to sit in the GUE-NGL group
  6. ^ The ICV, which was part of the IP, decided to sit in the Green-EFA group
  7. ^ VMRO was elected on the BBT list, and was accepted to the ECR Group in late June.[146]
  8. ^ Official results as of Wednesday 28 May 2014, 8:30 UTC: all 751 seats assigned.
  9. ^ Differences in seat counts for each group only take into account parties or individuals who were already members of a given group in the outgoing parliament. The MEPs elected in 2014 will be free to join existing groups or form new ones. To learn more about this process, see Political groups of the European Parliament and section #Group reshuffling below.

Group reshuffling

Between the election and the inaugual session of the 8th European Parliament, scheduled for 1 July, some parties and individual MEPs usually switch allegiances between the political groups of the European Parliament. This process, which sometimes has resulted in the disappearance of whole political groups from the Parliament, or their recomposition in another form, is particularly important for new parties and MEPs. The following table describes the announced membership changes in the Parliament groupings and the impact on the Parliament makeup:

Announced changes in the makeup of the political groups for the 8th European Parliament MEPs
EPP S&D ECR ALDE GUE/NGL G-EFA EFDD
(replacing EFD) 		NI
End of
7th Parliament
(seats) 		274 196 57 83 35 57 31 33 766
End of
7th Parliament
(percentage) 		36% 26% 7% 11% 5% 7% 4% 4% 100%
Number of
member states 		27 28 9 21 16 15 9 10 n/a
Election
changes
(cf table above) 		214 −60 185 −11 45 −12 59 −24 45 +10 47 −10 38 +7 42 +9 751 −15
Accession

Bulgaria RB[147]
Romania PNL[133]

+1
+6

Greece Potami
Hungary DK
Republic of Ireland Child.
Sweden FI

+2
+2
+1
+1

Belgium N-VA[159]
Bulgaria BBT[145]
Bulgaria VMRO
Denmark DF[120]
Finland PS[120]
Germany AfD[117]
Germany Famil.[120]
Greece ANEL[120]
Republic of Ireland FF[160]
Netherlands SGP[136]
Slovakia Nova[120]
Slovakia OĽaNO[120]

+4
+1
+1
+4
+2
+7
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1

Czech Republic ANO[138]
Germany FW[118]
Portugal MPT[130]
Romania Diac.[134]
Slovenia DeSUS
Spain UPyD[130]
Spain C's[130]

+4
+1
+2
+1
+1
+4
+2

Germany Tiersch.[119]
Republic of Ireland Flanag.[132]
Netherlands PvdD[137]
Spain LPD[132]
Spain Podem.[131]

+1
+1
+1
+1
+5

Croatia OraH[121]
Germany ÖDP[121]
Germany Pirat.[121]
Hungary PM[121]
LithuaniaLVŽS[121]
Slovenia Verj.
Spain PE[121]

+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1

Czech Republic Svob.[139]
France Berg.[155]
Italy M5S[129]
Latvia ZZS[155]
Sweden SD[123]

+1
+1
+17
+1
+2

Germany NPD
Germany Partei
Greece KKE
Greece XA
Italy LN
Poland KNP

+1
+1
+2
+3
+5
+4

751
Withdrawal

Republic of Ireland FF[150]
Romania PNL[133]

−1
−6

Greece KKE[161]

−2

Belgium N-VA[130]

−4

Denmark DF[120]
Finland PS[120]
Italy LN
Netherlands SGP[136]

−4
−2
−5
−1

France Berg.
Republic of Ireland Child.
Spain UPyD

−1
−1
−4

Start of
8th Parliament
(seats) 		221 −53 191 −5 70 +13 67 −16 52 +17 50 −7 48 +17 52 +19
Start of
8th Parliament
(percentage) 		29% −7pp 26% = 9% +2pp 9% −2pp 7% +2pp 7% = 6% +2pp 7% +3pp 100%
Number of
member states 		27 = 28 = 15 +6 21 = 14 -2 17 +2 7 -2 10 =

A group is required to be made up by at least 25 MEPs from seven Member States to be constituted in the new legislature.

A proposed European Alliance for Freedom (EAF) group, said to be composed of the French FN, Dutch PVV, Austrian FPÖ, Belgian VB and Italian LN, was unable reach the threshold.

New European Commission

European Commission presidential election, 2014
← 2008
2019 →
all 751 MEP of the European Parliament
376 parliamentary votes needed to win
 
Alliance EPP
proposed by European Council
Incumbent President

José Manuel Barroso
EPP



The leaders of the parliament's seven groups met on Tuesday 27 May to discuss who should become the new president of the European Commission. Citing the Lisbon Treaty's requirement for the result of the elections to be "taken into account", five of the seven groups issued a statement saying that Juncker should be nominated by the European Council to be president. Only the ECR and EFD disagreed.[162] However, when the European Council met that evening, they said that nominations should only be made "after having held the appropriate consultations". They authorised van Rompuy, President of the Council, to consult with the new group leaders in the European Parliament and to report back to their summit on 26 June. The leaders of the UK, Hungary and Sweden were said to have opposed Juncker[163][164] although it was later said that Sweden had never been opposed to him.[165] Leaders of the European People's Party publicly acknowledged that Juncker may not end up heading the executive European Commission.[115]

The appointment of top EU jobs in the new government was expected to be contentious. Leaders of EU member states agreed to seek a package deal that would give significant posts to the new political parties in an effort to win back public support for the European Parliament. According to German Chancellor Angela Merkel, the new government will focus on making EU economies more competitive in the global economy, seek common energy and environmental policies, and seek a united foreign policy.[115]

The main political groups, including the EPP and the S&D, in the European Parliament on 12 June backed the right of Jean-Claude Juncker to be the next head of the European Commission,[166] after talks with the President of the european council Van Rompuy.

Juncker has stated that his priorities would be the creation of a digital single market, the development of an EU energy union, the negotiation of the Transatlantic trade agreement, the continued reform of the economic and monetary union, with the social dimension in mind and a ‘targeted fiscal capacity’ for the Euro area, as well as to negotiate a new deal with Britain.[167]

References

  1. ^ a b "EU Conservatives call single candidate election campaigns a '1950-style vision'". EurActiv.com. 24 February 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Agreement between Olli Rehn & Guy Verhofstadt – statement by ALDE Party President". Aldeparty.eu. 20 January 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  3. ^ a b "European Left Party announces Alexis Tsipras as candidate for EC presidency". Euronews. 15 December 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2014. Cite error: The named reference "euronews.com" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ "Commission hopefuls largely unknown on streets of Europe". Euobserver.com. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  5. ^ COUNCIL DECISION 2013/299/EU, Euratom of 14 June 2013 fixing the period for the eighth election of representatives to the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage, published on 21 June 2013 by the Official Journal of the European Union, L 169/69
  6. ^ "Next European Parliament elections to be brought forward to May 2014" (Press release). European Parliament. 15 April 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
  7. ^ Mead, Nick; Blight, Garry (14 August 2013). "Eurozone crisis: are the years of pain over?". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 February 2014. The crisis started back in October 2009, when Greece's finance minister revealed a black hole in his country's budget
  8. ^ "EU Leadership Approval at Record Low in Spain, Greece". Gallup. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
  9. ^ "Approval of EU leadership lowest in Greece". EUobserver. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
  10. ^ "Skepticism And Contempt Color Upcoming European Parliament Elections". Huffington Post. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  11. ^ Fox, Benjamin (5 March 2014). "Far-left surge to outnumber Liberals in EU elections, suggests poll". EUobserver. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  12. ^ "Turning right". The Economist. 4 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  13. ^ Roche, David (March 2014). "Against the tide: Populism might gain, but the centre will unite". Euromoney. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  14. ^ De Lange, Sarah L.; Rooduijn, Matthijs; Van Spanje, Joost (4 February 2014). "The 'Le Pen-Wilders' alliance will change European politics". Policy Network. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  15. ^ Sensation: FPÖ neue Nummer 1 [Sensation: FPÖ new number 1], 16 January 2014, retrieved 22 January 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)[dead link]
  16. ^ Mikkelsen, Ole (15 March 2014). "Eurosceptic party leads in Danish poll before European election". Reuters. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  17. ^ "France's National Front tops EU election survey". EUobserver. 9 October 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
  18. ^ Cluskey, Peter (3 January 2014). "Dutch study reveals immigration fears". Irish Times. Retrieved 23 January 2014. ... Liberal- Labour coalition government, who are trailing in the polls behind Geert Wilders and his anti-immigrant Freedom Party in the run-up to the European elections.
  19. ^ "European elections results 2014: Farage and Ukip top poll as Europe swings to the right". The Independent. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  20. ^ "Greece's anti-austerity Syriza party widens lead over conservatives". Reuters. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  21. ^ "M5S al 25% ma il PD Avanti di 9 punti". Lastampa.it. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  22. ^ Stearns, Jonathan (15 January 2014). "EU Elections May Be 'Tense' as Extremism Grows, Barroso Warns". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
  23. ^ Euractiv.com Van Rompuy scorns direct election of Commission president 14 October 2013
  24. ^ EUobserver Merkel: EU vote not decisive on commission President 25.10.13
  25. ^ a b Aubry Touriel (15 October 2013). "Jacques Delors verrait bien Pascal Lamy à la tête de la Commission" (in French). Euractiv.fr. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  26. ^ Resolution n°2 "A New Way Forward, A Stronger PES" Adopted by the 8th PES Congress in Prague, 7–8 December 2009
  27. ^ Resolution n°2 "A democratic and transparent process for designating the PES – candidate for the European Commission Presidency" adopted by the PES Council in Warsaw on 2 December 2010
  28. ^ Resolution "Selecting our common candidate in 2014" adopted by the PES Council on 24 November 2011
  29. ^ "Political parties must nominate European Commission president", Public Service Europe, 1 October 2012
  30. ^ European liberal leader spells out concerns for 2014 elections, Euractiv.com, 8 May 2013
  31. ^ "European Greens announce innovative and ambitious plans for an open online primary", Press release, European Green Party, 12 May 2013
  32. ^ a b European elections: concerning the submission of an EL candidacy for the presidency of the European Commission, EL Website, 19 October 2013
  33. ^ a b EDP Council: Refounding Europe, EDP website, 3 December 2013
  34. ^ PES website PES opens nominations for ‘Common Candidate' selection for next year's European elections 1 October 2013
  35. ^ See for example the contribution by Dr. Ania Skrzypek, FEPS Policy Advisor Models of (s)electing a pan-European Leading candidate[dead link] 24 June 2010
  36. ^ PES Resolution Selecting our common candidate in 2014, adopted by the PES Council on 24 November 2011
  37. ^ PES candidates for Commission President, Jon Worth's blog
  38. ^ "Race for next Commission president begins". euractiv.com. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  39. ^ "PES Council in Bulgaria: Martin Schultz to be PES candidate for EC President". bulgaria.newsinuk.info. 22 June 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  40. ^ S&D Group website S&D Group endorses Martin Schulz's application as PES candidate for Commission president, 10 October 2013
  41. ^ "Martin Schulz a déjà rempli la condition requise en obtenant le soutien de plus de six partis ou organisations membres du PSE, dont celui du PS français", in Les Echos, UE : Schulz plus que jamais favori à gauche pour la Commission[dead link], 10 October 2013
  42. ^ 6–7 March: EPP to hold Congress in Dublin with heads of state and government, 2,000 participants; process to select EPP candidate for EC President starts today, European People's Party, 13 February 2014
  43. ^ a b Keating, Dave (29 January 2014). "Commission president debate to be televised". European Voice.
  44. ^ Audy Jean-Pierre. "Twitter / audyjp: @audyjp: Lettre de Michel Barnier ..." Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  45. ^ "Lithuania's Conservatives back former Latvian PM Dombrovskis for EC president". Lithuaniatribune.com. 13 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  46. ^ "Baltic Conservatives Back Dombrovskis' Candidacy for EC President". News.err.ee. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  47. ^ ALDE Party ALDE Party candidate for Commission President to be announced 1 February, 14 October 2013
  48. ^ Verhofstadt to be left out of the race for Barroso successor, Euractiv, 12 November 2012
  49. ^ Barroso: I proposed putting a 'face' on EU elections, Euractiv, 13 September 2013
  50. ^ david Bennett (21 August 2013). "Olli Rehn throws hat into ring for Commission president's job". EurActiv. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  51. ^ "European Green Party". Greenprimary.eu. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  52. ^ "EGP primary infographic". Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  53. ^ "Bové, Frassoni, Harms and Keller to contend Green Primary". Europeangreens.eu. 7 November 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  54. ^ SYRIZA warns of "bail out number 4" To Bhma. Retrieved 11 June 2013
  55. ^ Riunione dei Presidenti e dei Segretari dei partiti della Sinistra Europea. Rifondazione Comunista. Retrieved 10 June 2013
  56. ^ "Pablo Iglesias, elected GUE/NGL candidate for the presidency of the EP". No. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  57. ^ "EDP welcomed Liberals' decision to present Guy Verhofstadt as their candidate". Pde-edp.eu. 20 January 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  58. ^ "EDP adopted its Manifesto and will officialise its candidate to the Commission Presidency on March 12th". PDE/EDP. 28 February 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  59. ^ Keating, Dave (20 February 2014). "ECR: 'Nobody for president'". European Voice. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  60. ^ "European Free Alliance". E-f-a.org. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  61. ^ Ernesto (21 March 2014). "Pirate Bay Founder Gets Ready to Run for European Parliament". TorrentFreak. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  62. ^ "Vidéo : le débat entre Jean-Claude Juncker et Martin Schulz". http://www.france24.com. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  63. ^ "Battle for the head of the EU Commission: Martin Schulz vs Jean-Claude Juncker". http://www.france24.com. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  64. ^ "Top candidates to face off on Europe's big issues – Euranet Plus inside". Euranetplus-inside.eu. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  65. ^ "Le débat Juncker/Schulz". videos.tf1.fr/. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  66. ^ "Europe : dernière ligne droite". http://www.france2.fr/. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  67. ^ "Juncker und Schulz im TV-Duell". Wort.lu. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  68. ^ "European Youth Forum" (Press release). Youthforum.org. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  69. ^ "eudebate2014". eudebate2014.eu. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  70. ^ "Europawahl : Juncker und Schulz duellieren sich im Fernsehen". Die Welt. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  71. ^ "Startseite – ZDF Mediathek" (in German). Zdf.de. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  72. ^ "Programme – The State of the Union 2014". The State of the Union. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  73. ^ "Ebu-Uer / The Eurovision Debate". Eurovision.com. 15 March 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  74. ^ a b Mahony, Honor (17 March 2014). "EUobserver / EU top candidates to slug it out in TV debate". Euobserver.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  75. ^ "EU summit rolls out red carpet for Ukraine's Yatsenyuk". EurActiv. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  76. ^ Laurens Cerulus (17 March 2014). "TV debate to show Juncker-Schulz duel". EurActiv. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  77. ^ europe online publishing house gmbh (23 February 2014). "LEAD: Juncker picked as conservative lead candidate for EU elections By Helen Maguire, dpa Eds: Adds TV debates". En.europeonline-magazine.eu. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  78. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci. "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (16)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  79. ^ a b c d e f g h i "EU 2014". Eutwentyfourteen.com. Retrieved 21 May 2014. Cite error: The named reference "eutwentyfourteen1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  80. ^ "election.de: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament – Prognose 21. Mai 2014". www.election.de. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  81. ^ "What the Polls Say". www.electio2014.eu/pollsandscenarios/polls. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  82. ^ "2014 European elections: latest projections of seats in the Parliament". Elections2014.eu. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  83. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Der (europäische) Föderalist: Wenn an diesem Sonntag Europawahl wäre: Prognose für das Europäische Parlament". Foederalist.blogspot.de. Retrieved 20 May 2014. Cite error: The named reference "foederalist.blogspot.de" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  84. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci. "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (15)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  85. ^ "election.de: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament – Prognose 15. Mai 2014". www.election.de. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  86. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci. "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (14)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  87. ^ "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  88. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci. "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (13)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  89. ^ "election.de: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament – Prognose 02. Mai 2014". www.election.de. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  90. ^ a b "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  91. ^ a b c d "2014 European elections: latest projections of seats in the Parliament". Elections2014.eu. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014. Cite error: The named reference "elections1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  92. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci. "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (11)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  93. ^ "election.de: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament – Prognose April 2014". www.election.de. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  94. ^ "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  95. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci. "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (11)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  96. ^ "Twitter / electionista: The #EP2014 prediction in". Twitter.com. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  97. ^ "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  98. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci. "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (10)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  99. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci. "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (9)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  100. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci. "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (8)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  101. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (24 March 2014). "European Elections 2014 SEATS PROJECTION (7)Scenaripolitici.com". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  102. ^ "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  103. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (17 March 2014). "European Elections 2014: SEATS PROJECTION (6)". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  104. ^ Eingestellt von Manuel Müller (15 March 2014). "Der (europäische) Föderalist: Krisenstaaten wählen links, kleine Länder liberal, und die Christdemokraten sind vor allem in der Eurozone stark: Zur Wahlgeografie der Europäischen Union". Foederalist.blogspot.de. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  105. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (10 March 2014). "European Elections 2014: GENERAL SUMMARY – S&D 226 – EPP 217 – ALDE 63 – GUE/NGL 62 – ECR 41 – Green/EFA 34 – EFD 30 – Non Inscrits 78". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  106. ^ "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  107. ^ pubblicato da Andrea Lenci (3 March 2014). "European Elections 2014: GENERAL SUMMARY – S&D 224 – EPP 216 – ALDE 63 – GUE/NGL 62 – ECR 42 – Green/EFA 34 – EFD 30 – Non Inscrits 80". Scenaripolitici.com. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  108. ^ "Twitter / electionista: The #EP2014 prediction in". Twitter.com. 3 March 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  109. ^ "Twitter / foederalist: #EP2014-Prognose". Twitter.com. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  110. ^ "Έρευνα της ΚΑΠΑ Research Τι δείχνει η κωδικοποίηση όλων των δημοσκοπήσεων στην Ευρώπη για τις επερχόμενες ευρωεκλογές" (in Greek). http://www.3comma14.gr/. Retrieved 26 May 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  111. ^ "What the Polls Say". pollwatch2014.eu. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  112. ^ Europa.eu, EP Press Release 16/12/08
  113. ^ Waterfield, Bruno (22 May 2009). "Eighteen 'phantom' MEPs will do no work for two years". London: Telegraph. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
  114. ^ "MaltaMedia.com". Maltamediaonline.com. 10 June 10 June 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  115. ^ a b c Paul Taylor; Luke Baker (27 May 2014). "After seismic elections, EU leaders assess damage". Reuters. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  116. ^ "European Parliament / Results of the 2014 European elections". Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  117. ^ a b "Merkel adversaries accepted in Cameron's group". euobserver.com. 12 June 2014.
  118. ^ a b "Freie Wähler ziehen ins Europaparlament ein" (in German). www.fw-bayern.de. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  119. ^ a b "Sieben Einzelkämpfer für Europa". Zeit Online. 27 May 2014. p. 3.
  120. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "ECR group takes two parties from Farage". europeanvoice.com. 4 June 2014.
  121. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Up-to-date list of the MEPs for the new legislative period". 11 June 2014.
  122. ^ "Sitzverteilung" (in German). Bundeswahlleiter.de. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  123. ^ a b c Barker, Alex; Pickard, Jim (18 June 2014). "Farage forms European bloc and secures funds of €14m". London: Financial Times.
  124. ^ "Élections européennes" (in French). elections.interieur.gouv.fr/. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  125. ^ "Results of the 2014 European elections". results-elections2014.eu/. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  126. ^ "Proclamation des résultats de l'élection des représentants au Parlement européen" (in French). legifrance.gouv.fr. 1 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  127. ^ "UK European election results". BBC. 26 May 2014.
  128. ^ "2014 European Election, Northern Ireland First Preference Votes". ElectionsIreland.org. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  129. ^ a b Waterfield, Bruno (12 June 2014). "Italy's Beppe Grillo joins Nigel Farage's 'people's army'". London: The Telegraph.
  130. ^ a b c d e f g "Liberals now third largest group in European Parliament". EurActiv.com. 17 June 2014.
  131. ^ a b "Podemos acuerda con Tsipras entrar en el grupo de la Izquierda Unitaria de la Eurocámara". Madrid, Spain: Público. 27 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  132. ^ a b c d "Gabi Zimmer expressed her delight at the nearly 50% increase in the size of the group to 52 MEPs". http://www.guengl.eu. 11 June 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  133. ^ a b c "Romanian liberals seek EPP affiliation". EurActiv.com. 26 May 2014.
  134. ^ a b "ALDE Group welcomes new member". Twitter. 24 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  135. ^ "BEC 2014 Proces-Verbal privind centralizarea voturilor și atribuirea mandatelor la alegerile pentru Parlamentul European – 25 mai 2014" (PDF) (in Romanian). www.bec2014.ro. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  136. ^ a b c "SGP'er Bas Belder Toch met in CU ééneurofractie". http://www.nd.nl. 16 June 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  137. ^ a b "Partij voor de Dieren sluit zich in Europa aan bij uiterst links". http://www.parool.nl. 11 June 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  138. ^ a b "Czech ANO party joins ALDE group in the European Parliament". ALDE Group. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  139. ^ a b "Petr Mach vyjednal spolupráci s Nigelem Faragem a britskou stranou UKIP | Svobodní" (in Czech). Web.svobodni.cz. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  140. ^ "Elections to the European Parliament held on the territory of the Czech Republic on 23 – 24 May 2014". Český statistický úřad. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  141. ^ "Tájékoztató adatok az Európai Parlamenti választás összesített eredményéről" (in Hungarian). National Election Office (NVI). 25 May 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  142. ^ "Europeias 2014 – Resultados Globais" (in Portuguese). MAI. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  143. ^ "FI till S-grupp i EU-parlamentet (FI to Socialdemocratic group in the EU parliament)" (in Swedish). Sveriges Television. 7 June 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  144. ^ "Election results from Swedish Election Agency". Val.se. 30 May 2014.
  145. ^ a b "ECR Group welcomes Barekov". Twitter. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  146. ^ https://twitter.com/EuropeDecides/status/481460090902687744
  147. ^ a b "List of EPP Group MEPs from 2014 to 2019". EPP Group. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  148. ^ "Официални резултати от изборите за Европейски Парламент, 2014".
  149. ^ "Resultater – Valgaften – Hele Landet". Dst.dk. 22 July 2002. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  150. ^ a b Kroet, Cynthia (23 June 2014). "Irish MEP leaves ALDE for ECR group". Brussels: European Voice.
  151. ^ "Twitter / NChildersMEP: "@dsmooney: @TheProgressives". Twitter.com. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  152. ^ "2014 European Election, Dublin First Preference Votes". ElectionsIreland.org. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  153. ^ "2014 European Election, Midlands North West First Preference Votes". ElectionsIreland.org. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  154. ^ "2014 European Election, South First Preference Votes". ElectionsIreland.org. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  155. ^ a b c James Crisp. "Le Pen candidate joins Farage's new EFD group". EurActiv. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  156. ^ "European election 2014 results for Slovenia". European parliament elections 2014. State election commission of Slovenia. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  157. ^ "European election 2014 seats distribution and elected deputies for Slovenia". European parliament elections 2014. State election commission of Slovenia. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  158. ^ "European Parliament Elections – 2014 Count 21–30". Government of Malta. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  159. ^ "N-VA decides to join ECR group". 18 June 2014.
  160. ^ McDonald, Henry (Tuesday 24 June 2014). "Fianna Fáil MEP loses whip for joining rightwing European parliament bloc". the Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 25 June 2014. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Ireland's main opposition party in the Dáil has withdrawn the whip from its only MEP after he allied himself with a Eurosceptic rightwing group in the European parliament. [...] Michael Martin, Fianna Fáil's leader, said Crowley had effectively removed himself from the party for unilaterally joining the rightwing bloc. Martin said he told Crowley the move was "totally unacceptable".
  161. ^ "Statement of the Central Committee of the KKE on the stance of the KKE in the EU parliament (in English)". Communist Party of Greece. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  162. ^ Juncker given first shot at EU commission job, EUObserver, 27 May 2014
  163. ^ EU leaders decline to endorse Juncker, EUObserver, 28 May 2014
  164. ^ David Cameron tries to stop Jean-Claude Juncker getting EU top job, The Guardian, 28 May 2014
  165. ^ "Opposition to Juncker wanes, Cameron isolated". EurActiv. EurActiv.com PLC. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014. Two allies who lent towards Cameron initially, the Dutch and Swedish prime ministers, are edging away and do not rule out accepting the former Luxembourg Prime Minister if they are satisfied with the new Commission's policy agenda.[...] A Swedish government source said Reinfeldt had never been opposed to Juncker, a fellow member of the centre-right European People's party, but wanted an agreement on policy first.
  166. ^ "EU Parliament pushes Juncker's 'right' to be Commission head". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  167. ^ "MY PRIORITIES". Retrieved 18 June 2014.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to European Parliament election, 2014.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_European_Parliament_election&oldid=614640764"