List of active separatist movements in Asia: Difference between revisions
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This is a list of active separatist movements in Asia. Separatism can include autonomism and secessionism,[1] despite the fact that independence is the primary goal of many separatist movements. Many separatist movements arise as a result of religious, racial, social, and cultural disparities between certain peoples and the majority or ruling class in a country. What constitutes an autonomist or secessionist movement is often debatable; entries on this list must be recognized by credible sources as involved, separatist, and composed of citizens of the country from which independence is sought.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto/proposed state and/or autonomous territory: a proposed term for a secessionist or anticipated sovereign state, or an area seeking greater autonomy.
- Organizations that help: advocacy, cultural, ethnic, ethno-religious, political, regional, and/or religious group(s) that play a significant role in the movement's separatism.
- Government-in-exile: a government that is located outside of the country under consideration, with or without power.
- Recognized individuals who hold key roles within the separatist movement or organization(s)
Militant organization(s) are also classified for movements that establish a de facto state or occupy areas of territory are listed as well.
Afghanistan
- Ethnic group: Hazara people
- Proposed state:
Hazarajat - Political party:
Hazarajat Freedom Movement[2]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Baloch
- Proposed state: Balochistan
along with Sistan and Baluchestan of Iran and Balochistan of Pakistan.[3] - Political party: Baloch National Movement, Baloch Republican Party, Free Balochistan Movement (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Militant organisations: Baloch Liberation Army, Baloch Liberation Front, Baloch Republican Army, United Baloch Army
- Proposed state: Balochistan
Azerbaijan
  |
Territory of the former 
Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
- People: Armenians in Azerbaijan
- De facto state:
Artsakh (recognised by 3 non-UN members)
- Proposed: recognition of Artsakh status based on self-determination principle[4]
- Political organisation: National Assembly
- Military organisation: Artsakh Defense Army
- De facto state:
Territory of the short-lived 
Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic
- People: Talysh people
- Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan[5]
- Political organisation: Talysh National Movement
- Government in exile:
Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic[6]
- Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan[5]
- Ethnic group: Lezgins
- Proposed: Autonomy for
Lezgistan - Political organisation: Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy[7]
- Proposed: Autonomy for
Bahrain
Independent Emirate of Hawar islands[8]
- People: Bahraini branch of Dawasir decendants
- Proposed:
Emirate of Hawar islands
- Proposed:
Bangladesh
- Ethnic group: Jumma people
- Proposed: Autonomy for the Chittagong Hill Tracts[9]
- Political parties: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, United People's Democratic Front
China
Many current separatist movements in China arise from the country's ethnic issues. Some of the forces that have created these ethnic issues include history, nationalism, economic and political disparity, religion, and other factors. China has historically had tensions between the majority Han and other ethnic groups, particularly in rural and border regions. Historically other ruling ethnicities, such as the Manchu of the early-Qing dynasty, experienced ethnic issues as well.[10] Ethnic tensions have led to incidents in the country such as the July 2009 Ürümqi riots.
| Proposed state | Current political status within the PRC | Capital city of region | Area (km2) of region | Total population of region | Main independence movement | Main ethnic group seeking independence | Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 East Turkestan (Xinjiang) |
Uyghur Autonomous Region of the PRC | Ürümqi | 1,664,897 | 24,870,000 | East Turkestan independence movement | Uyghur people | _(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg)
|
 Hong Kong |
Special Administrative Region of the PRC | Hong Kong | 2,755 | 7,500,700 | Hong Kong independence movement | Han Chinese of Hong Kong | _(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg)
|
 Macau |
Special Administrative Region of the PRC | Macau | 115 | 696,100 | Macau independence movement | Han Chinese of Macau | 
|
 Manchukuo (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning) |
Provinces of the PRC | Changchun | 791,826 | 109,674,521 | Manchukuo Temporary Government | Manchu people | 
|
 Tibet |
Autonomous Region of the PRC; Provinces of the PRC | Lhasa | 1,948,400 | 8,806,722 | Tibetan independence movement | Tibetan people | 
|
Other
Bashu nationalism or Basuria independence movement- Shanghai independence movement[15]
- Xiang nationalism or Hunan autonomy movement[16]
- Cantonia nationalism or autonomy/independence of Guangdong
Cyprus
The northeastern 1/3 territory of island of Cyprus
- People: Turkish Cypriots
- De facto state:
Northern Cyprus (recognized only by Turkey)
- Proposed: re-unification with
Cyprus,[17] or recognition of Northern Cyprus[18] - Political organization: Government of Northern Cyprus
- Militant organization: Security Forces Command
- Proposed: re-unification with
- De facto state:
Georgia
Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
- People: Abkhazians
- De facto state:
Abkhazia[19] (recognized by 6 UN members)
- Political organization: Government of Abkhazia
- Militant organization: Abkhazian Armed Forces
- De facto state:
Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
- People: Ossetians
- De facto state:
South Ossetia[20] (recognized by 5 UN members)
- Political organization: Government of South Ossetia
- Militant organization: Armed Forces of South Ossetia
- De facto state:
- Ethnic group: Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti
- Proposed: Autonomy for the region
Javakhk (Javakheti) - Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance[21]
- Proposed: Autonomy for the region
India
- Proposed state:
Kashmir Valley
- Ethnic group: Kashmiri Muslims
- Political organization: All Parties Hurriyat Conference
- Militant organization:
Lashkar-e-Taiba, Hizbul Mujahideen, Jaish-e-Mohammed
.svg){kind=small}
- Proposed state: Kamtapur
- Ethnic group: Kamtapuri
- Militant organization:
Kamtapur Liberation Organisation
- Proposed state:
Kangleipak
- Ethnic group: Meitei, Hao, Pangal, Naga
- Militant organization:
UNLF, 
PLA, 
Kangleipak Communist Party, People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak, Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup, Maoist Communist Party of Manipur
- Proposed state:
Nagalim
- Proposed state:
Khalistan
- Ethnic group: Punjabi Sikhs
- Militant organization: Babbar Khalsa, Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan, Khalistan Commando Force,
Khalistan Liberation Force, Khalistan Zindabad Force, ISYF, AISSF
- Ethnic group: Khasi people, Pnar people
- Proposed state: Meghalaya
- Militant organization: Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council
Indonesia
- Ethnic groups: Acehnese
- Proposed state:
Aceh - Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement (negotiated peace with the Indonesian government in 2005, and now it is a civil movement, but the separatism still has supporters)
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Moluccans
- Proposed state:
South Moluccas - Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Riau Malays
- Ethnic group: Papuans
- Proposed state:
West Papua or unification with 
Papua New Guinea[26] - Government-in-exile: Republic of West Papua (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Militant organisation: Free Papua Movement
- Advocacy group: United Liberation Movement for West Papua
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Minahasan
- Proposed state:
North Sulawesi[27] - Advocacy group: Independent Minahasa Movement (Gerakan Minahasa Merdeka)[27]
- Proposed state:
Iran
- Ethnic group: Khuzestani Arab
- Proposed state: Al-Ahwaz[28]
- Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation, Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz
- Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state: Al-Ahwaz[28]
- Ethnic groups: Kurdish
- Proposed state: Commonwealth of East Kurdistan[29]
- Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Militant organisations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan, Komalah
- Proposed state: Commonwealth of East Kurdistan[29]
- Ethnic groups: Azerbaijani
- Proposed state: South Azerbaijan
[30][31][32] - Advocacy group: South Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement,[33][34] Azerbaijan National Resistance Organization[35][36][37]
- Proposed state: South Azerbaijan
- Ethnic group: Baloch
- Proposed state: Balochistan along with Balochistan, Pakistan[38][39]
- Militant organisations: Jundallah (Historical),[40][41][42] Jaish ul-Adl (Currently Active)[43][44]
- Proposed state: Balochistan
Iraq
.svg)
Proposed state: 
Republic of Central Kurdistan
- Majority ethnic group: Kurdish
- Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: Iraqi Kurdistan
- Political parties: Kurdistan Independence Movement, Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Military: Peshmerga
Democratic Republic of Assyria
Proposed autonomous area: Nineveh Plains
- Ethnic group: Assyrian, Arab Christians
- Proposed state:
Democratic Republic of Assyria - Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyrian Universal Alliance (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization), Assyria Liberation Party
- Militant organisation: Nineveh Plain Protection Units
- Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
- Proposed state:
- Proposed autonomous area: Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region
Proposed state: Basra[45][46][47]
- Current de jure and de facto autonomous region:
Basra Governorate
Proposed state: Sunnistan[49][50][51]
- Advocacy group: Sunni Muslims, Ethnic Kurdis[51]
- Proposal: high degree of autonomy within Iraq or total independence [52][53][54][55][56]
- Ethnic group: Iraqi Turkmen
- Proposed state:
Turkmeneli - Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)[57]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Yazidi
- Proposed: autonomy for Sinjar region including Sinjar mountain
- Political parties: Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress, Sinjar Alliance[58]
Israel
West Bank and the Gaza Strip
- People: Palestinians
- De jure state:
Palestine (recognized by 138 UN member states)
- Proposed: re-unification with
Israel or recognition of Palestine - Political organization: Government of Palestine
- Militant organization: Palestinian National Security Forces, Palestine Liberation Army
- Proposed: re-unification with
- De jure state:
Japan
| Significant Secessionist Movements in Japan | ||||||
| No. | Claimed Territory | Capital City | Area (km2) | Population (~) | Ethnic Group | Primary Independence Movement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Hokkaido (Yaun Mosir) |
Sapporo (Sat Poro Pet) | 83,423 | 5,281,297[59]
(Ainu people: 16,786) |
Ainu | Ainu independence movement |
| 2 |  Okinawa (Liu-kiu/Ruuchuu) |
Naha (Nāfa) | 2,281 | 1,457,162 | Ryukyuan | Ryukyu independence movement |
.svg)
- Ethnic group: Ainu
- Proposed state: Republic of Ainu
- Advocacy group: Ainu Liberation Alliance
- Ethnic group: Ryukyuan
- Proposed state:
Republic of Ryukyu or Ryukyu Kingdom[62] - Political parties: Kariyushi Club, formerly Ryūkyū Independence Party (琉球独立党, Ryūkyū Dokuritsutō)
- Political groups: Ryukyu independence movement
- Note: The supporters of the movement want the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, former part of the defunct Ryukyu Kingdom until 1609, to be part of independent Ryukyu.
- Proposed state:
.svg){kind=small}
Laos
Northern Laos
- Ethnic group: Hmong people
- Proposed state: Federated ChaoFa
- Organization: Congress of World Hmong People[63][64]
Lebanon
- Ethnic group: Arameans
- Proposed state:
Aramea - Political parties: Aramea Democratic Organisation
- Proposed state:
Malaysia
| Significant Secessionist Movements in Malaysia | ||||||
| No. | Claimed Territory | Capital City | Area (km2) | Population (~) | Ethnic Group | Primary Independence Movement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Johor |
Johor Bahru | 19,006 | 3,764,300 | Various | Johor independence movement |
| 2 |  Sarawak |
Kuching | 124,450 | 2,907,500 | Dayak, Melanau, various | Sarawak independence movement Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia |
| 3 |  Sabah |
Kota Kinabalu | 73,631 | 3,900,000 | Kadazan-Dusun, Sama-Bajau, various | Sabah independence movement Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia |
Separatist movements in Malaysia have been attributed to the erosion of autonomy especially in places such as Sarawak and Sabah, which are ethnically and religiously distinct from the rest of Malaysia, as well as general neglect by the central government based out of Putrajaya resulting in differentiate political views, regionalism and secessionism in places such as Johor and Penang.
The Malaysia Agreement of 1963, under which Sabah and Sarawak agreed to unify with Malaya to become Malaysia, included strong provisions for autonomy of Sabah and Sarawak, which were agreed to in the 18-point and 20-point agreements. However, such autonomy has eroded in numerous aspects over the decades, such as a significant smaller share of oil revenue than previously agreed and a reduction in the territorial waters that belonged to each state.[65][66][67]
Such erosion began almost instantaneously after the expulsion of Singapore in 1965, which left Sarawak and Sabah without enough proportional seats (1/3) and decreased representation in the Dewan Rakyat (Parliament of Malaysia) as Singapore's seats were not redistributed to the two states. As a result, it could not prevent laws passed by the central government from eroding its autonomy, running contrary to previous agreements, leading to the present situation.[68][69][70]
Other causes of dispute between the central government as well as Sarawak and Sabah include freedom of religion,[71] distribution of profits from natural resources,[72][73] and deliberate demographic change enacted by the central government parallel to de facto colonisation (with a similar equivalent historical event being the Plantation of Ulster) particularly in Sabah to dilute pro-independence sentiments from the native ethnic groups.[74][75][76][77][78]
West Malaysia
- Ethnic groups: Johoreans (Mainly Malays, Chinese and Indians)
- Proposed state: Johor
- Advocacy group: Johor Independence Association (JIA), Sultan of Johor, Crown Prince of Johor[79]
East Malaysia
- Ethnic groups: Melanau, Dayak (See Demographics of Sarawak)
- Proposed state:
Raj of Sarawak
- Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sarawak For Sarawakian Big Team (S4S Big Team), Sarawak Association of People's Aspirations (SAPA), Sarawak Sovereignty Movement, Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM), Sarawak Liberation Movement[80][84][85]
- Political parties: Parti Bumi Kenyalang
.svg){kind=small}
- Ethnic groups: Kadazan-Dusun, Sama-Bajau (See Demographics of Sabah)
- Proposed state: Sabah
- Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM)[80][84]
Myanmar
- Ethnic group: Rakhine
- Proposed state:
Arakan State - Advocacy group: Arakan Independence Alliance, Arakan Army (Kachin State), Arakan Army (Kayin State)
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Chin
- Proposed state: Chin State
- Militant organisation: Chin National Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Ethnic group: Kachin
- Proposed state: Kachin State
- Political party: Kachin National Organization
- Proposed state: Kachin State
- Ethnic group: Karen
- Proposed state: Kawthoolei
- Militant organisation: Karen National Liberation Army
- Advocacy group: Karen National Union
- Proposed state: Kawthoolei
- Ethnic group: Karenni
- Proposed state: Kayah State
- Militant organisation: Karenni Army
- Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government
- Proposed state: Kayah State
- Ethnic group: Kokang people (ethnic Han Chinese)
- Proposed state:Kokang state
- Militant organisation: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
- Proposed state:Kokang state
.svg){kind=small}
- Ethnic group: Mon
- Proposed state: Mon State
- Political party: New Mon State Party
- Proposed state: Mon State
- Ethnic group: Rohingya
- Proposed state: Rahmanland
- Militant organisation: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army[86]
- Advocacy group: Arakan Rohingya National Organisation,[87][88] Rohingya National Council[89]
- Proposed state: Rahmanland
.png){kind=small}
- Ethnic group: Shan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state: Shan Republic
- Political party: Shan Democratic Union
- Militant organisation: Shan State Army
- Advocacy group: Restoration Council of Shan State
- Government in exile: Interim Government of Federated Shan States[90]
- Proposed state: Shan Republic
- Ethnic group: Wa
- Proposed state: Wa State
- Political party:
United Wa State Party - Militant organisation:
United Wa State Army
- Proposed state: Wa State
- Ethnic group: Kuki
- Proposed state:
Zale'n-gam - Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
- Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Zomi
- Proposed state:
Zogam - Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army[92]
- Proposed state:
Nepal
- Ethnic group: Kiratis
- Proposed state: Kirat
- Political party: Kirat Janabadi Workers Party
- Proposed state: Kirat
- Ethnic group: Madhesi peoples (including Maithils, Bhojpuris and Tharus).
- Proposed state:
Madhesh
- Advocacy group: Alliance for Independent Madhesh[93]
- Militant Group: Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha, Madhesh Mukti Tigers (MMT), Tharuwan National Liberation Front (TNLF).[94]
- Proposed state:
Pakistan
.svg)
- Ethnic group: Baloch
- Proposed state: Balochistan along with Sistan and Baluchestan of Iran and some parts of Afghanistan.[3]
- Political party: Baloch National Movement, Baloch Republican Party, Free Balochistan Movement (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Militant organisations: Baloch Liberation Army, Baloch Liberation Front, Baloch Republican Army, United Baloch Army
- Proposed state: Balochistan
File:Flag of Gilgit-Baltistan.svg Gilgit-Baltistan and 
Azad Kashmir
- Ethnic groups: Balti, Shina, Wakhi, Burusho, Kho
- Proposed state:
Gilgit-Baltistan - Militant organisations: Gilgit-Baltistan United Movement, Balawaristan National Front
- Proposed state:
.png){kind=small}
- Ethnic group: Sindhi
- Proposed state: Sindhudesh
- Political parties: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz, Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz, Sindh United Party
- Student organization: Jeay Sindh Students' Federation
- Militant organization: Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army
- Proposed state: Sindhudesh
- Ethnic group: Punjabi Sikhs
- Proposed state:
Khalistan - Militant organisation: Khalistan Commando Force
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Pashtuns
- Proposed: independent state of Pashtunistan or unification with
Afghanistan - Political party: Pashtoons Social Democratic Party
- Proposed: independent state of Pashtunistan or unification with
Philippines
Sulu archipelago and parts of Zamboanga Peninsula
- Ethnic groups: Moro (Tausūg, Banguingui, Sama-Bajau, Yakan)
- Proposed state/autonomous area: Bansa Sūg[97]
- Advocacy group: Sultanate of Sulu
Cordillera Administrative Region
- Ethnic group: Igorot
- Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region[98] or Autonomous Region of the Cordillera[99][100]
- Advocacy group: Autonomy in the Administrative Cordillera Movement,[101]
Cordillera People's Liberation Army,[102][103] Cordillera Bodong Administration[104]
Other Islamic militants operating in Mindanao which had goals to create an Islamic state in the Philippines such as the Abu Sayyaf,[105][106][107] and the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters.[107][108][109]
Russia
Autonomist movements
Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District[112][113]
- Ethnic groups: Dolgans, Nganasan, Nenets, Russians
- Proposed federal subject:
Taymyr Autonomous Okrug
- Proposed federal subject:
Asian Russia
Siberia or Siberian Federal District[114][115]
- Ethnic group: Russians, Sibiryak (Siberian peoples)
Buryatia 
Siberian Republic- Movement: Siberian regionalism
.svg)
- Ethnic group: Buryats
- Proposed state:
Buryatia - Political party: All-Buryat Association for the Development of Culture
- Proposed state:
Territory of the 
Far Eastern Republic[117][118][119] or Far Eastern Federal District[120]
- Ethnic group: Far Easterners
Ural Federal District
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug[127][128][129]
- Ethnic group: Khanty people and Mansi people
- Proposed state:
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Advocacy movements: Association to Save Yugra, Khanty Way, Mansi Way, Ob-Ugrian Union, Society for the Survival and Socio-Economic Development of the Mansi People, Ugrian Association, Youth Public Organization, Yugra Restoration
- Proposed state:
South Korea
.svg){kind=small}
- Ethnic groups: Jejuan
Sri Lanka
- Ethnic group: Tamil
- Proposed state:
Tamil Eelam - Militant organisation: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam[137][138][139]
- Political party: Tamil National Alliance
- Advocacy groups: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam
- Government in exile: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam[140][141]
- Proposed state:
Syria
De facto autonomous region:
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava)
- Larger ethnic groups: Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians
- Smaller ethnic groups: Armenians, Turkmen, Yazidis, Circassians
- Political organisation: Syrian Democratic Council
- Militant organisation: Syrian Democratic Forces
Taiwan
The 
Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state that has diplomatic relations with 14 United Nations member states (as well as the Holy See, an observer).
- Proposed state:
Republic of Taiwan
- Movement: Taiwan independence movement, Taiwanese nationalism
- Note: The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) has been democratically elected to power in Taiwan four times; in 2000 (until 2004), in 2004 (until 2008), in 2016 (until 2020), and in 2020 (until 2024). Although the DPP has been the nominal ruling party of the Republic of China throughout these four ruling terms, the DPP has been pushing a pro-Taiwan independence agenda, whether tacitly or overtly. Some representatives of the DPP, such as William Lai, argue that Taiwan independence should not even be considered an "independence movement" but is rather the recognition of the reality of the current situation of the Republic of China on Taiwan. Many supporters of Taiwan independence believe that Taiwan, under the formal name of the "Republic of China", is already an independent country from mainland China, under the formal name of the "People's Republic of China".
- Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party), New Power Party, Taiwan Statebuilding Party
- Advocacy groups: Keep Taiwan Free (Taiwanese organisation), World United Formosans for Independence
- Claimed territories: Taiwan (Kaohsiung, New Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, Taipei, Taiwan-Penghu, Taoyuan)
- Area of claimed territories: Roughly 36,000 km2
- Population of claimed territories: Roughly 24,000,000 people
- Movement: Taiwan independence movement, Taiwanese nationalism
Tajikistan
- Ethnic group: Pamiri people
- Proposed: Greater autonomy for
Gorno-Badakhshan - Political party: Lali Badakhshan[142]
- Proposed: Greater autonomy for
Thailand
- Ethnic group: Pattani Malays
- Proposed state:
Pattani Darul Makrif,[143] unification with 
Malaysia[144] - Militant organisation: Patani United Liberation Organisation, Patani Malays National Revolutionary Front, Runda Kumpulan Kecil, Pattani Islamic Mujahideen Movement, Islamic Liberation Front of Patani
- Proposed state:
Turkey
- Ethnic group: Kurdish
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Militant organisations: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK), Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK), Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP)
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Assyrian, Arab Christians
- Proposed state: Assyria
- Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyria Liberation Party
- Militant organisations: Nineveh Plain Protection Units, Dwekh Nawsha
- Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
- Proposed state:
Uzbekistan
- Ethnic group: Karakalpaks
- Proposed state:
Republic of Karakalpakstan - Advocacy group: Free Karakalpakstan National Revival Party[146]
- Proposed state:
Vietnam
- Ethnic group:
Cham people - Proposed state: Champa
- Status: Inactive; but still called for by ethnic Cham people
Central Highlands
.svg){kind=small}
Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation
- Ethnic group: Khmer Krom
- Proposed state: Kampuchea-Krom
_created_in_1987_-_Marko_de_Haeck.png){kind=small}
- Ethnic group:
Degar people - Proposed state:
Montagnard or Degar State
Yemen
South Yemen
- Proposed state:
South Arabia,[147] or 
State of Aden - De facto state: Southern Transitional Council[148][149][150]
- Political parties: South Yemen Movement, Yemeni Socialist Party
- Proposed state:
Hadhramaut[151]- Ethnic group: Arab as well as Mehri and Soqotri
- Proposed states:
Kathiri, 
Qu'aiti, 
Wahidi Balhaf, 
Mahra[152][153][154][155] - De facto state: Hadhramaut Region, Protectorate of South Arabia
- Political party: Hadhrami League
- Proposed states:
See also
References
- ^ Gehring, Kai; Schneider, Stephan A. (2017). "Regional Resources and Democratic Secessionism". Proceedings. Annual Conference on Taxation and Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the National Tax Association. 110: 6. ISSN 1549-7542. JSTOR 26794426.
- ^ Minahan, James B. (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 171–172, 506. ISBN 978-1-61069-953-2. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ a b Malik Siraj Akbar (30 March 2011). The Redefined Dimensions of Baloch Nationalist Movement. Xlibris Corporation. p. 29.
The ultimate goal of BLA is "Greater Balochistan", a country that will comprise the Baloch areas of Pakistani and Iranian Balochistan provinces and some parts of Afghanistan.
- ^ "Yerevan Eyes OSCE Role in Final Nagorno-Karabakh Settlement".
- ^ "UNPO: Talysh". unpo.org. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ^ Regering in ballingschap ondersteunt strijd in Azerbeidzjan. // Vluchtelingen Dag krant. — Netherlands, 20.06.2019. — P. 4.
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