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Namma Metro
ನಮ್ಮ ಮೆಟ್ರೋ
File:Namma metro.png
File:Nammametro.jpg
Overview
OwnerBangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL)
LocaleBangalore, Karnataka, India
Transit typeMetro
Number of lines2 (Now)
2 (Phase I Target- March 2015)
4 (Phase II Target - December 2019)
Number of stations16 (Now)
41 (Phase I Target - March 2015)[1]
102 (Phase II Target- December 2019) [2]
Daily ridership40,380 (March 2014)[3]
Chief executivePradeep Singh Kharola, MD
HeadquartersBMTC Complex, Shanthinagar, Bangalore
Websitebmrc.co.in
Operation
Began operation20 October 2011 (2011-10-20)
Operator(s)Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (BMRCL)
Train length3 coaches
Headway10 – 15 minutes
Technical
System length42.3 kilometres (26.3 mi) (Phase I)[1]
114.39 kilometres (71.08 mi) (Phase II)
No. of tracks2
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification750V DC Third rail
Average speed40 km/h (25 mph)
Top speed80 km/h (50 mph)
File:Bangloremetronight.jpg
Namma Metro station
File:Insidenammametro.jpg
Inside view of Namma Metro
File:Banglorestation.jpg
Metro train station
File:Nammastation.jpg
People at Namma Metro Station

Namma Metro (Kannada: ನಮ್ಮ ಮೆಟ್ರೋ, lit. "Our Metro") also known as Bangalore Metro, is a metro system for the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The agency responsible for its implementation is the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (BMRCL), a joint venture of the Government of India and the Government of Karnataka.[4] The first stretch (Reach 1) between Baiyyappanahalli and M.G. Road was inaugurated on 20 October 2011.[5] Reach 3 & 3A between Sampige Road and Peenya Industrial Area was inaugurated on 1 March 2014.[6]

History

Background

A mass transit system for Bangalore was initially conceived as a public-private partnership (PPP) in 1993.[7] The detailed project report (DPR) for Phase I of Namma Metro project was prepared by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) and submitted to the BMRCL in May 2003. The final approval on a scheme that incorporated the expertise of DMRC and RITES Limited did not come until April 2006.[8] The DPR prepared by DMRC envisaged a 33 km (21 mi) elevated and underground rail network with 32 stations for Phase I of the project. The proposed gauge was standard gauge unlike the broad gauge on the Delhi Metro network. The rationale for the metro includes reduced journey times, cutting fuel use, accident reduction and lower pollution.[citation needed]

Construction work for Phase I of the project was scheduled to start in 2005 but was delayed by a February 2006 change of government in Karnataka and continued debate over whether the project was financially feasible and appropriate for the city. Finally, on 25 April 2006 the Indian Cabinet approved the project, which was then budgeted at more than ₹54 billion (US$650 million) (Later revised to ₹116.09 billion (US$1.4 billion) for Phase I).[9] In 2006, Navayuga Engineering was awarded the contract to construct Reach 1 of the East-West corridor.[10] The foundation stone for the Phase I construction was laid by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 24 June 2006,[11] and civil construction on Reach I of the line, between M.G. Road and Baiyyappanahalli, commenced on 15 April 2007.[12]

  • Track gauge: Bangalore metro uses standard gauge unlike Delhi Metro. But, the recent studies have found that broad-gauge is suited for Indian conditions as well as long term economical feasibility as India has growing population. Indian metro trains with standard gauge does not provide seating facility and favoured towards standing travel. Ahmedabad Metro has chosen driverless technology and broad gauge as it provides comfort to the passengers.[13] Bangalore metro has not migrated from standard gauge to broad gauge for new lines in the Phase-2 or Phase-3 of the project.
  • Break of gauge with suburban rail: There is a break-of-gauge with proposed suburban rail for Bangalore. This will hinder the seamless door-to-door railway travel between office and home, as well as freight movement between city and suburbs. Any future plan to move the truck movement to the Central business district through the railway track will get effected by this (to reduce pollution and congestion on road). Connectivity to the Whitefield ICD can be enhanced by effective use of metro network.[14] As of now movement of freight trucks and heavy construction machinery within city limit happens only in night.
  • Maglev line: BMRC has also not shown interest towards introducing Maglev trains for the new lines.[15][16]
  • Seating capacity: Seats inside the coaches will not be increased in the phase-2 and phase-3, as in many of the European metros.

Planning

Phase I

Phase I spans a length of 42.3 km and consists of 2 lines:[17] Implementation of Phase I has been divided into 4 "reaches" and 2 underground sections. It will be fully opened for service from March 2015. As Chief Minister Siddaramaiah informed the Legislative Assembly in January 2014, the total project cost is expected to be ₹138.45 billion (US$1.7 billion) due to cost escalation following unexpected delays in meeting the deadlines. The delays result in a cost escalation of ₹34.73 billion (US$420 million).

The schedule for completion of Phase I is as follows:[18]

Phase one of Namma Metro (under construction)
Section Termini Opening date
Reach 1 (east) Baiyyappanahalli M.G. Road 20 October 2011
Reach 2 (west) Mysore Road Magadi Road December 2014[19]
Underground UG2 (east to west) M.G. Road Magadi Road December 2014[19]
Reach 3 (north) Sampige Road Yeswanthpur 1 March 2014
Reach 3A (north) Yeswanthpur Peenya Industry 1 March 2014
Reach 3B (north) Peenya Industry Nagasandra December 2014
Underground UG1 (north to south) Sampige Road National College March 2015[19]
Reach 4 (south) National College R.V. Road March 2015
Reach 4A (south) R.V. Road Puttenahalli March 2015

In 2007, BMRCL announced that it would incorporate a northern extension (from Yeshwanthapura to Hesaraghatta Cross) and part of the southern extension (from RV Road to Puttenahalli) in Phase I, thus extending the length of Phase I network to about 42 km (26 mi), with 40 stations. The objective was to connect the metro to the Outer Ring Road at both ends, and also cover the industrial areas of Peenya in the north-west, thereby providing better connectivity and increasing ridership.[citation needed] In October 2008, the Government of Karnataka approved this extension, which would cost an additional ₹15.92 billion (US$190 million).[20]

Line Elevated Length (km) Underground Length (km) Total Length (km) Stations
Purple Line 13.22 4.88 18.10 17
Green Line 20.20 4 24.20 24
Total 33.42 8.88 42.30 41

Phase II

The detailed project report (DPR) for Phase II was prepared by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.[21] The high power committee (HPC), in July 2011, gave in-principle clearance to proceed with Phase II.[22] The Karnataka government gave in-principle approval to Phase II of the Namma Metro project on 3 January 2012.[23][24] Phase II was cleared by the expenditure finance committee (EFC) in August 2013.[25] The Union cabinet announced that it has approved plans for phase II on January 30, 2014.[26] The estimated total cost for Phase II is around ₹264.05 billion (US$3.2 billion).[27] Phase II covers a span of 72.095 km – 13.79 km underground, 0.48 km at grade and 57.825 km elevated, and adds 61 stations to the network, of which 12 are underground.[28] Construction of the second phase will be taken up in 2014 after completing the first phase. While inaugurating Reach 3 and Reach 3A of Namma Metro on 28 February 2014, the Chief Minister Siddaramaiah assured citizens that works would be completed within five years after they begin. Hence, Phase II is expected to open for public by December 2019.[29]

Phase 2 will include extension of Phase 1 corridors as well as the construction of two new lines. Proposed work includes a 13.9-km underground stretch in the new 21.25-km Gottigere–Nagawara line.

The corporation has already begun the process of identifying land required for viaducts and coordinating with the Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB) to issue the land acquisition notifications.

Phase II consists of extensions for all four reaches of the metro and 2 new lines.

New Lines

The RV Road to Bommasandra line, on the outskirts of the city, will have 16 stations—RV Road, Ragigudda temple, Jayadeva Hospital, BTM Layout, Silk Board Junction, HSR Layout, Oxford College, Muneshwara Block, Chikkabegur, Basapura Road, Hosur Road, Electronic City-1, Electronic City-2, Huskur Road, Hebbagodi and Bommasandra. The cost of this route is pegged at ₹57.44 billion (US$690 million).

The one between Gottigere-IIM-B and Nagavara will have 18 stations with six elevated and 12 underground stations. The elevated stations include Gottigere, Hulimavu, IIM-B, JP Nagar 4th Phase, Jayadeva Hospital and Swagath Road Cross. The 12 underground stations will be constructed near Dairy Circle, Mico Bosch, Langford Town, Vellara Junction, MG Road, Shivajinagar, Cantonment railway station, Pottery Town, Tannery Road, Venkateshpura, Arabic College and Nagavara. The estimated cost of this corridor is ₹110.14 billion (US$1.3 billion).

Extensions

Byappanahalli to Whitefield (extension of east-west line). This corridor has 14 stations—Jyothipuram, KR Puram, Narayanapura, Mahadevapura, Garudacharpalya, Doddanakundi, Visvesvaraya Industrial Estate, Kundalahalli, Vaidehi Hospital, Satyasai Medical Institute, ITPL, Kadugodi, Ujwala Vidyalaya and Whitefield

Mysore Road terminal to Kengeri (extension of east-west line). This corridor has five stations. Nayandahalli, Rajarajeshwari Nagar, Bangalore University Cross, RV College of Engineering and Kengeri

Hesaraghatta Cross to Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) on Tumkur Road (extension of north-south line). This has three stations. Manjunathanagar, Jindal and BIEC terminal. The BMRC has asked BIEC to share the cost as it would be the main beneficiary of this extension

Puttenahalli Cross to Anjanapura township, up to NICE crossing (extension of north-south line). This corridor has five stations. Anjanapura Road Cross, Krishnaleela Park (Iskcon), Vajarahalli, Talaghattapura and Anjana township.

Proposed new lines and extensions to existing lines – under Phase 2
Line Terminals Length New Stations Expected Work Completion date
■ Purple Line Mysore Road – Kengeri 6.465 km 5 December 2019
■ Purple Line Baiyyappanahalli – Whitefield 15.50 km 14 December 2019
■ Green Line Puttenahalli – Anjanapura 6.29 km 5 December 2019
■ Green Line Hesaraghatta cross – BIEC 3.77 km 3 December 2019
■ Line 3 R V Road – Bommasandra 18.80 km 16 December 2019
■ Line 4 Gottigere – Nagavara 21.25 km 18 December 2019

[30]

The project cost of ₹264.05 billion (US$3.2 billion) is the 2011–12 price level, which it is set to escalate at 5 per cent every year with increasing cost of inputs. The Union government will share that part of cost escalation due to increase in central levies, while the Karnataka State and BMRCL have to bear any other escalation. According to the experts, the total project cost for Phase II is estimated to reach at least ₹300.00 billion (US$3.6 billion) at the start of construction itself.

BMRCL estimates that around 2,000 properties, spread over 200 hectares of land, will have to be acquired for construction of Phase II. Land acquisition will be carried out by the Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB), and compensation for structures on acquired land will be evaluated as per the Public Works Department’s (PWD) schedule of rates for compensation. Compensation for land will be as per market value. A land committee, constituted by BMRCL, and assisted by an appointed real estate consultant will decide the market value of land.[31]

Phase III

The detailed project report (DPR) for Phase III is being prepared by RITES. 133 km phase 3 of metro will connect Nagawara and Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) by a 25-km line; Sarjapur Layout (station, Carmelaram) and Yelahanka (station, Kogilu Road Cross) by a 35-km line covering Central College, Palace Guttahalli, Mekhri Circle and Hebbal; and a 17-km line from the Nice Ring Road to Toll Gate via Magadi Road.

There was a proposal to build a 33 km line known as Bangalore High-Speed Rail Link, from MG Road to Bengaluru International Airport (BIA), at a cost of ₹57.67 billion (US$690 million).[32] Previously, there was plan for an independent body, but later it was decided that BMRC will manage this project.[33]

In June 2012, Karnataka chief secretary S.V. Ranganath, asked BMRC to prepare a note on including an extension to the airport in Phase II of Namma Metro. Under the new plan, the Gottigere – Nagavara will be extended to the airport.[34] The extension, from Nagavara to BIA, was estimated to cost ₹50 billion (US$600 million) and had to be implemented in PPP mode.[35]

Chief executive of Consortia of Infrastructure Engineers, a consultant to the Karnataka government, suggested that the high-speed rail line would be a waste of money, "The costs projected by the government would have meant that the HSRL would turn out to be more expensive than the airport itself." The project also faced problems because the proposed line would pass close to an air force training base. The government considered constructing half of the line underground until the training base but decided against it due to the huge cost escalation for an underground line.

This project has now been scrapped keeping in mind its viability and cost. Obviously, there was some pressure from certain quarters to explore the metro option instead of the high-speed link. So, this airport metro extension from Nagavara to BIAL might be considered for inclusion in Phase III.

Construction

The underground work of Phase I commenced in May 2011. Each corridor consists of two tunnels which are the first underground tunnels built for trains in South India. The tunnels, dug using tunnel boring machines (TBM), are located approximately 60 feet below ground level, have a diameter of 5.5metres and are 5metres apart. Three TBMs were used for tunnelling work on the Purple Line and they were nicknamed Helen (TBM 1), Margarita (TBM 2), Kaveri (TBM 3) and Krishna.[36][37][38][39][40] [41]

As of January 2013, progress on the underground connection between Reach-1 and Reach-2 was put on hold. A statue of Dalit leader Ambedkar had stirred up a controversy, as it stands above the planned metro rail line near Bangalore's Vidhan Soudha. Dalit groups had opposed shifting of the statue, while the government had sought to avoid controversy by not following court orders to temporarily shift the statue while construction continues. The controversy delayed the project by six months and caused delays to the north-south reaches which plan to use the Majestic interchange.[42][43]

Underground UG2 (east to west corridor) tunneling work on this 18.1 km was completed on 17 March 2014 after tunnel boring machine Helen (TBM 1) finished its task of tunneling 229m between Bangalore City railway station underground (UG) station and Kempegowda UG station (Majestic). Now, the twin tunnels between Cubbon Park UG station and City Railway Station UG station are ready for track laying and other related works.[44]

Opening

Namma Metro was originally scheduled to begin operations in March 2010. After the deadline was missed, the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (BMRCL) shifted the deadline to 31 December 2010. It was again changed to 4 April 2011 and then the date of inauguration was set at 15 September 2011. The next deadline set was 26 September 2011 which was also missed. The metro was finally opened to the public on 20 October 2011 at 4 pm IST by Union Urban Development Minister Kamal Nath.[45] There was an overwhelming response to the metro at the commencement of operations. As per BMRCL sources within first 3 days of operations 169,019 people used this mass transit system.[46] At the end of 4th day about 200,000 passengers had already commuted in Namma Metro. Namma Metro's first 12-day cumulative revenue was ₹10 million (US$120,000).[47]

The State Government removed N Sivasailam as MD of Namma Metro on 10 August 2013. He was replaced by Pradeep Singh Kharola.[48][49][50] Sivasailam had been appointed BMRCL MD on 12 June 12, 2008, after then managing director V. Madhu was transferred.[51] The Green Line (Reach 3, 3A & 3B) was initially scheduled to be opened for the public by the end of 2012. However, according to the BMRCL, because of the time taken by the Indian Railways to approve works at Swastik Station and Malleswaram 66-metre metro viaduct, the Green Line was expected to open only in April–May 2013. However, the timelines were delayed further.[citation needed]

The 9.9 km Reach 3 and 3A of the Green Line (from Peenya Industry to Mantri Square Sampige Road) was inaugurated by Chief Minister Siddaramaiah by flagging off a train from the Rajajinagar station on 28 February 2014. The train on its maiden journey only went as far as the Yeswanthpur station. On its return trip, the metro train sped past the Mahalakshmi, Sandal Soap Factory, Kuvempu Road and Srirampura stations before halting at the Mantri Square Sampige Road station. With the opening of this stretch, the total Namma Met­ro rail network in the city reached 17 km out of the 42.3 km planned under Phase I.[52] The line was opened to the public from 6am the following day.[53] BMRCL Managing Director Pradeep Singh Kharola stated that about 25,000 passengers travelled on the line on opening day.[54] At the time of the line's opening, only four of the 10 stations in the stretch of Reaches 3 and 3A, were fully ready to handle operations.[55] Civil works had not been completed at Peenya Industry and Peenya stations, among others. These were covered up by huge paintings, and work was expected to complete only in another two months.[56] BMRC officials estimated that about 35,000 people took the train on Reach 3 and 3A till 10pm on the second day of operations, while the total number of commuters that travelled on the entire network (including the Purple Line) was 60,000.[57][58] In the first month of operations, 7.62 lakh people at an average of 24,605 people daily used the line, generating a revenue of ₹1.5 crore (US$180,000).[3]

Network

File:Bangloremetro 2.jpg
Namma Metro
Main article: List of Namma Metro stations

Namma Metro is being built in phases. Phase I of Namma Metro covers a total of 42.30 km and will be completed by the end of 2014. Phase II spans a length of 72.1 km. The entire network after completion of phase 2 is as given below.

Line First operational Last Extension Stations Length
(km) 		Terminals
Purple Line 20 October 2011 36 34.3 Whitefield Kengeri
Green Line 1 March 2014 32 40.1 BIEC Anjanapura
Line 3 16 18.8 R V Road Bommasandra
Line 4 18 21.2 Gottigere Nagavara
Total 102 114.4

Purple Line

Main article: Purple Line (Namma Metro)

The Purple Line will connect Baiyappanahalli in the east to Mysore Road in the west, covering a distance of 18.1 kilometres (11.2 mi). It is partly elevated, partly underground and has one station at grade. The inauguration of the first stretch between Baiyappanahalli and M.G. Road was on 20 October 2011.

Green Line

Main article: Green Line (Namma Metro)

The Green Line will be the second line of the Metro to be opened and will connect Nagasandra in the north to Putenhalli in the south, covering a distance of 24.2 kilometres (15.0 mi). It is partly elevated, partly underground and has one station at grade. The first stretch to open is the 9.9 km long Reach 3 and Reach 3A. The stretch connects Swastik to Peenya Industrial Area.[59]

Finances

Funding

The Union Cabinet approved Phase I of the Namma Metro in April 2006 when it was estimated to cost ₹54 billion (US$650 million). The cost escalated to ₹116.09 billion (US$1.4 billion) as various problems delayed the completion.[60] BMRCL received ₹7 billion (US$84 million) from Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), ₹250 million (US$3.0 million) from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), 23% from the Central Government, 33% from the State Government and the rest as a ₹49.05 billion (US$590 million) loan from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[61][62]

On 3 January 2012, the Karnataka government approved a budget of ₹270 billion (US$3.2 billion) for Phase II of Namma Metro project. It was initially expected to cost around ₹250 billion (US$3.0 billion).[63] On 27 March 2012, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed an agreement to lend $250 million to BMRC to part-finance Phase II of the metro rail project. The loan marked the multilateral lending agency's foray into the urban transport sector in South Asia, the ADB said in a press release.[64] The loan, approved by the ADB Board in March 2011, is the first ADB loan to the urban transport sector without recourse to sovereign guarantees.[65] The State and Central Governments will bear 30% and 20% of the project cost of Phase II respectively. The remaining amount will be obtained through senior term loans.[66]

BMRCL issued a press release on 13 June 2013, that announced that the company was planning to issue 10-year bonds bonds (non-tax-free and non-convertible debentures) through private placement, by July 2013.[67] This would have been the first "Metro Bond" issued in India. The corporation expects to bring down the cost of debt capital through the issue of these bonds by taking advantage of the prevailing yields in the bond market, and also repay expensive loans and reduce its financial burden.[4] The proposed bonds received a credit rating of "IND AA" from India Ratings & Research (Ind-Ra),[68] a Chennai-based research company, which focuses on expenditure in urban infrastructure improvement. The rating authority defines the "IND AA" as "instruments to have high degree of safety regarding timely servicing of financial obligations and carry very low credit risk".[69] Namma Metro MD N. Sivasailam announced on 3 August 2013 that the issue of bonds would be postponed as the market was volatile. Sivasailam stated that the metro would "be in the market soon and when it is stable."[70]

Revenues and Profits

During the first month, since the opening of Reach I, about 1325,000 people travelled by the metro.[71] On average, 41,390 people took the train every day, while the average daily revenue was ₹667,262. The BMRC earned a revenue of ₹21 million (US$250,000) in its first month of operation.[72] In the first six months of operation, average ridership went down to 24,968. The BMRC earned a total of ₹66 million (US$790,000) during the same period.[73]

Namma Metro posted a profit of ₹4.1 million (US$49,000) after almost one year of operating Reach I. BMRCL estimates that nearly 8 million passengers travelled on the system, in its first year of operations.[74]

Infrastructure

Purple Line train
Interior of the Metro coach
Interior of the Metro coach on inauguration day
MG Road Station at night

Rolling stock

The specification for rolling stock is based on stainless steel-bodied three-car formations, a trailer between two motored driving units. Internal wide gangways provide ease of passenger movement and assist in load distribution. Trains are air-conditioned throughout with designated space for disability access. Although with many automated functions, trains are under driver control.

The capacity per train is approximately 1,000 through longitudinal seating, giving a high proportion of the floor area to standing passengers. The maximum attainable speed is 80 km/h (50 mph).[citation needed]

Initially the bids by Bombardier and Siemens, Alstom Projects India Ltd and consortium comprising BEML, Mitsubishi and Hyundai Rotem were shortlisted to supply the rolling stock and coaches. In February 2009, the BEML-led consortium was awarded the contract to supply 150 coaches and rolling stock for the first phase of the project. While Mitsubishi would supply the traction for the coaches, Hyundai Rotem would supply the rolling stock and BEML would supply the coaches for Phase I.[75]

The first trainset made a trial run in December 2010.[76]

Power supply

The power for the system is 750 V DC bottom contact third rail supply. In December 2009, the ABB Group was awarded the contract to provide power solutions for the first phase of the planned metro network. ABB will design, supply, install and commission four substations that receive and distribute electricity, each rated at 66/33 kV, as well as the auxiliary and traction substations. ABB will also provide an integrated network management, or SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), system to monitor and control the installations.[77]

Signaling and communications

The integrated control centre at Byappanahalli has direct communication with trains and stations are CCTV fitted with visual and audio service information.[78] Passengers have emergency voice communication with train staff.

In September 2009, the consortium led by Alstom Project India Limited were awarded a contract worth ₹5,634 million (US$67.5 million) to supply control and signalling system for the first phase of the project. The consortium is led by Alstom and composed of Alstom Transport SA, Thales Group Portugal S A and Sumitomo Corporation. Alstom will provide the design, manufacture, supply, installing, testing and commissioning of the train control and signalling system and Thales will provide the design, installing, testing and commissioning of the telecommunication system for Phase I of the metro system. It includes the Urbalis 200 Automatic Train Control system which will ensure optimal safety, flexible operations and heightened passenger comfort.[79][80]

Stations

The work area of each underground station is 270 m x 50 m, while the station box measures 270 m x 25 m. The stations' roofs are be 3–6 m below the road. The roof slabs and walls are about 1 m thick, to bear load from all sides.[81] Initially, there were no toilets at Namma Metro stations, despite demand from commuters. BMRCL countered the demand by arguing that constructing toilets was not part of the metro construction plan, and that building toilets in the city was the responsibility of the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). They also justified the decision by saying that commuters spent "hardly five minutes" at stations, so restrooms were not required, and also that none of the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) bus stops in the city had toilets for passengers. However, BMRCL eventually heeded public demand, and the metro's first toilets were opened at Baiyappanahalli and Indiranagar stations on 21 June 2013.[82]

Facilities and services

All metro trains are Wi-Fi enabled (the first metro in India to have this feature), so passengers can use laptops, tablets as well as mobile internet.[78] The free Wi-Fi service was made available to commuters on 31 July 2013.[83] Passengers also have emergency voice communication with train staff through a speaker system. Passengers are provided with a call button to communicate anything to the driver or control center during an emergency.[78]

Metro stations will have Powerheart Automated external defibrillator (AED) to protect its commuters against death from sudden cardiac arrest.[84] Powerheart AED is used for emergency treatment of victims exhibiting symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest. The installation of AEDs will be followed by a certified training for a group of staff members of BMRC. The devices are manufactured by Opto Circuits (India) Ltd.[85]

Handicapped facilities

Yellow tactile tiles are used at all stations to guide the visually impaired. The tiles start at the ramp and lead to the staircases and lifts.[86]

Safety

BMRCL has road-cum-rail vehicles for relief and rescue operations, which can be used for rescue in cases of derailment of train or other rail vehicles on mainline and in depot. It can also be used as a rescue vehicle in cases of accidents, including collapse of structures, or blockage of access to structures. The diesel-powered vehicles can be driven on road as well as on the track, and is loaded with special equipment for performing re-railing of rail vehicles and for carrying out of rescue operations. It is also provided with a coupler for shunting of rail load up to 100 tonnes. They are manufactured by Mercedes Benz, and the vehicles supplied to BMRCL by Zargo, Germany at a cost of ₹3 crore. BMRCL currently has one vehicle in operation from Byappanahalli depot for the Purple Line and Peenya depot for the Green Line.[87]

Anti-derailing

There are two levels of protection built to prevent derailment. BMRCL has installed derailment protection guards to prevent wheels straying from the track. Even if there is slight straying, the protection system will ensure the wheels move in a small space and pathway between the rail and derailment guard and come to a halt immediately within that space. The guard prevents the train from moving forward, forces it to a halt and prevents it from careening over. The second protection is anti-capsize concrete protection walls to prevent the train from falling off the viaduct. The walls have been designed to ensure the train is retained within the viaduct.[88]

Anti-collision

BMRCL has installed the Automatic Train Protection System to ensure collision does not occur. The system automatically senses if there is any object/train on the track ahead and activates the brakes even if the driver doesn't . The train comes to a halt a safe distance from the object/train ahead even if it is running at full speed.[88]

To prevent overspeeding

The Automatic Train Protection and Operation System prescribes speeds from section to section, straight paths and curves, and if the train exceeds the speed limit, the brakes come on automatically.[88]

Earthquake proofing

The pillars have been built to last 100–120 years. They have been tested for the highest braking, temperature, wind, pressure and fatigue, and built to withstand quakes of Zone 3 type, though Bangalore falls in Zone 2 type. Every pier, pillar and concrete structure has 10% more strength than the designed or original strength. The design meets Indian earthquake standards.[88]

Rainwater harvesting

BMRCL harvests rainwater collected on its elevated corridor network. It wants to execute the project to be executed under a public-private partnership. The viaduct is supported by concrete piers at an average distance of 28m. These columns have pipes that will collect the rain Bangalore receives between July and November every year. BMRCL said the water thus collected will be clean as the viaduct itself is regularly cleaned. There is no oil pollution on the viaduct. Since the coaches are closed, there is also no chance of littering on the tracks.

BMRCL also plans to harvest rainwater from the 140 acre depot facility at Peenya. The stabling shed itself occupies 190,000 sq feet and water will be collected in 2 tanks each with a capacity of 50,000 litres. Rainwater harvesting is also planned in the existing and under-construction stations. The water harvested will be supplied to places where needed, rejuvenate lakes and the rest will be used to recharge groundwater.[89] The selected private partner will have to harvest the rainwater in collection tanks at convenient points, treat the water and supply the potable water on commercial terms to bulk consumers. Upon selection, the concessionaire will have to design and erect the rainwater harvest system, treat the rainwater and to sell it for a period of 15 years.[90] Karnataka Rural Infrastructure Development (KRIDL), is the agency that is involved in the project and it estimates that about 80 million litres can be collected in a year.[89]

BMRC has completed installation of water harvesting system along Reach 1 and will be doing the same for Reaches 3 & 4. BMRC will also set up flower beds on Reach 1 with assistance from the horticulture department. However, the work related to this has slowed down due to garbage contractors dumping garbage along the median, due to a lack of landfills in the city.[91] BMRC will rejuvenate Kengeri and Veerasandra lakes using the water collected from the corridor that passes close to these lakes.[92][93]

hospitality

BMRCL is also construsting Hi tech Pregnancy ward in Vani Vilas hospital permises .This project is constructed under guideance of BMRCL R 

4 Chief Engineer and this project is going to commissioned by jun 2015.

Operations

Fares

The minimum fare is ₹10 and maximum fare of ₹15 for Reach-1.[94]

Ticketing

The obverse of an entry token issued
Bangalore Metro Ticket(Token)-Kempegowda Tower Symbol view

Namma Metro uses contactless smart tokens and contactless smart card.[95] Tokens are available only for single journey. A person can buy up to 6 tokens for additional five passengers and himself.

There are 4 types of smart cards available on the metro – Varshik, Sanchar, Saral and Saraag.[96]

  • Varshik is priced at ₹100 and the smart card can then be recharged from ₹50 to up to ₹1,500. It has a one-year validity, with a 15% discount on travel fares.
  • Sanchar is based on number of trips. It is available in denominations of ₹10, ₹40, ₹50 and ₹100.
  • Saral is priced at ₹70. It allows a day's travel in non-A/C buses of BMTC and the metro.
  • Saraag is priced at ₹110. It allows a day's travel in BMTC A/C buses and the metro.

BMRCL began selling tokens through automatic ticket vending machines (ATVMs) on 4 December 2012 at MG Road, Indiranagar and Baiyyappanahalli stations. The service will eventually be expanded to all metro stations. The touchscreen enabled ATVMs are available in 3 languages – English, Kannada and Hindi. Commuters can purchase a single journey token by selecting the destination station or the amount in the ATVM. They can also add value or add trips to the tickets in the contactless smart card. Commuters can purchase up to 8 tickets at a time and can get the receipt print for card recharge. ATVMs accept coins of ₹5 and ₹10 denominations and ₹10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 denominations of currency notes. However, the ATVM cannot differentiate between ₹1 and ₹2 coins.[97][98]

Approximately, 68% of passengers on the metro use smart tokens and 32% use smart cards.[74] MIFARE DESFire platform, developed by NXP Semiconductors, was selected to manage the Automated Fare Collection (AFC) in Namma Metro.[99]

Frequency

The metro service runs between 0600 and 2200 hours. There are trains every 15 minutes between 0600 and 0800, 10 minutes between 0800 and 2000, and 15 minutes between 2000 and 2200.[100] The frequency is slated to increase to once every three minutes by 2021. The travel time from end to end on the Purple Line will be 33 minutes, and on the Green Line will be 44 minutes.

Metro services have occasionally operated beyond 2200 hours. Services are usually extended on festival days or when a major cricket match is held in Bangalore.[101][102]

Speed

The system is designed for a maximum train speed of 80 km/h. However, the Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO) fixed the speed at which trains are allowed commercially operate at 67.50 km/h on straight lines, 45 km/h while entering the stations and 35 km/h at the curves on a stretch.[103]

Ridership

Reach 1
The average daily ridership of Reach 1 of Namma Metro is 24,968. The Metro’s highest recorded ridership was 85,004, on 23 October 2011, the Sunday following the service’s inauguration.[73]

Reach 1, 3 and 3a
Now, the average daily ridership of Reaches 1, 3 and 3a of Namma Metro is 110,000.

Laws

The Bangalore Metro Rail (Carriage and Ticket) Rules 2011 limit the weight of personal baggage to 15 kg. Rule 3 says: “No person shall, while travelling in metro railway, carry with him any goods other than a small baggage containing personal belongings not exceeding 60cm x 45cm x 25cm in size and 15kg in weight, except with the prior approval of the metro railway administration.” The rules also restrict carrying explosive substances, gases, petroleum and other inflammable liquids, inflammable solids and poisonous substances.[104]

The Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002, imposes fines and in some cases jail sentences for offences committed on the metro. Anyone indulging in sabotaging the train or maliciously hurting or attempting to hurt other passengers while travelling in the metro can face imprisonment up to 10 years. Pasting posters or drawing graffiti on the walls of stations or trains is punishable by a fine of ₹1,000 or imprisonment for up to 6 months. Travelling in an inebriated state or creating nuisance in the train is punishable by a ₹500 fine.[105] Clarifying the law on public intoxication on the metro, a BMRCL spokesman stated, "We are aware that the people will board Metro trains after partying. We cannot completely ban those who have consumed alcohol. But if we find anyone indecent or heavily drunk at the security point, we will not allow them to board the train. Passengers will also be checked whether they are carrying alcohol or any other items which are not permitted inside the Metro train as per the rule." BMRCL officials do not have breathalysers, but they claim to have trained security guards to watch out for troublemakers.[106] Spitting on the metro premises is punishable by a fine of ₹100.[107]

Security

Currently baggage is manually searched by security guards hired by BMRCL. Bangalore City Police are in charge of external security of metro installations. Plans are underway to install three baggage scanners each at Baiyappanahalli, Swami Vivekananda Road and Indiranagar stations and two each at M.G. Road, Trinity and Halasuru stations. There are attendants and multiple security guards on each platform, and photography is strictly prohibited.[108]

Fatalities

On 5 March 2012 at 8:35 pm, a 16-year old boy threw himself under a train at the MG Road station. The boy was identified as S Vishnu Sharan, a first-year student of St. Joseph's PU College and a resident of Jayanagar. This was the first death to occur after Namma Metro operations began.[109]

  • Metro train at Baiyappanahalli station
    Metro train at Baiyappanahalli station
  • Metro train at Baiyappanahalli station
    Metro train at Baiyappanahalli station
  • MG Road Metro Station
    MG Road Metro Station
  • Inside MG Road Metro Station
    Inside MG Road Metro Station
  • Completed section of the purple line towards Baiyyappanahalli
    Completed section of the purple line towards Baiyyappanahalli
  • Nammo Metro along MG Road
    Nammo Metro along MG Road

See also

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