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45th United States Congress

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45th United States Congress
44th ←
→ 46th
United States Capitol (1869)
March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1879
Members76 senators
293 representatives
8 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityRepublican
Senate PresidentWilliam A. Wheeler (R)
House majorityDemocratic
House SpeakerSamuel J. Randall (D)
Sessions
Special: March 5, 1877 – March 17, 1877
1st: October 15, 1877 – December 3, 1877
2nd: December 3, 1877 – June 20, 1878
3rd: December 2, 1878 – March 3, 1879

The Forty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1877, to March 4, 1879, during the first two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

The 45th Congress remained politically divided between a Democratic House and Republican Senate.[1] President Hayes vetoed an Army appropriations bill from the House which would have ended Reconstruction and prohibited the use of federal troops to protect polling stations in the former Confederacy.[1] Striking back, Congress overrode another of Hayes’s vetoes and enacted the Bland-Allison Act that required the purchase and coining of silver.[1] Congress also approved a generous increase in pension eligibility for Northern Civil War veterans.[1]

Major events

See also: 1877 in the United States, 1878 in the United States, and 1879 in the United States

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 45th United States Congress

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.

Senate

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Anti-
Monopoly
(AM) 		Democratic
(D)		Republican
(R)		Independent
(I)
End of previous congress 1 28 47 0 76 0
Begin 1 35 39 1 76 0
End 36 38
Final voting share 1.3% 47.4% 50.0% 1.3%
Beginning of next congress 1 42 32 1 76 0

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic
(D) 		Independent
Democratic
(ID)		Independent
Independent
Republican
Republican
(R)		National
Greenback
End of previous congress 183 1 3 4 100 0 291 1
Begin 149 2 0 0 141 0 292 1
End 153 136 2912
Final voting share 52.6% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 46.7% 0.0%
Non-voting members 3 00050 8 0
Beginning of next congress 145 4 1 0 131 11 292 1

Leadership

President of the Senate
William A. Wheeler

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • replacements: 5
  • deaths: 2
  • resignations: 3
  • interim appointments: 1
  • contested elections: 0
  • Total seats with changes: 5
See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

Template:Ordinal US Congress Senate

|- | Ohio (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John Sherman (R) | Resigned March 8, 1877 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.
Successor elected March 21, 1877. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Stanley Matthews (R) | March 21, 1877

|- | Pennsylvania (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Simon Cameron (R) | Resigned March 12, 1877.
Successor elected March 20, 1877. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | J. Donald Cameron (R) | March 20, 1877

|- | Missouri (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Lewis V. Bogy (D) | Died September 20, 1877.
Successor was appointed September 29, 1877, to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | David H. Armstrong (D) | September 29, 1877

|- | Indiana (3) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Oliver P. Morton (R) | Died November 1, 1877.
Successor elected January 31, 1879. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Daniel W. Voorhees (D) | November 6, 1877

|- | Missouri (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | David H. Armstrong (D) | Interim appointee retired.
Successor elected January 26, 1879. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | James Shields (D) | January 27, 1879

|- | Michigan (1) | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Isaac P. Christiancy (R) | Resigned February 10, 1879 due to ill health.
Successor elected February 22, 1879. | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Zachariah Chandler (R) | February 22, 1879

|}

House of Representatives

  • replacements: 10
  • deaths: 7
  • resignations: 1
  • contested election: 5
  • Total seats with changes: 13


See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep |- | Georgia 9th | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep Benjamin Harvey Hill resigned in previous congress | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Hiram P. Bell (D) | March 13, 1877 |- | Colorado At-large | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James B. Belford (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election December 13, 1877 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Thomas M. Patterson (D) | December 13, 1877 |- | California 4th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Romualdo Pacheco (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election February 7, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Peter D. Wigginton (D) | February 7, 1878 |- | Louisiana 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Chester B. Darrall (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election February 20, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Joseph H. Acklen (D) | February 20, 1878 |- | Louisiana 5th | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John E. Leonard (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 15, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | J. Smith Young (D) | November 5, 1878 |- | Massachusetts 3rd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Walbridge A. Field (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election March 28, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Benjamin Dean (D) | March 28, 1878 |- | New York 16th | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Terence J. Quinn (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 18, 1878 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John M. Bailey (R) | November 5, 1878 |- | Nebraska At-large | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Frank Welch (R) | style="font-size:80%" |Died September 4, 1878 | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Thomas J. Majors (R) | November 5, 1878 |- | Michigan 1st | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Alpheus S. Williams (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 21, 1878 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Virginia 1st | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Beverly B. Douglas (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 22, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Richard L. T. Beale (D) | January 23, 1879 |- | Georgia 1st | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Julian Hartridge (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 8, 1879 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | William B. Fleming (D) | February 10, 1879 |- | Texas 6th | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Gustav Schleicher (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 10, 1879 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Florida 2nd | nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election February 20, 1879 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Jesse J. Finley (D) | February 20, 1879 |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click or tap on the link (5 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

References

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  1. ^ a b c d "Congress Profiles: 45th Congress (1877–1879)". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
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